DESIGN OF

SUPERSTRUCTURE
OF MJB-1
1.0 Detailed design of 8x35 c/c span Major bridge at ch.5+192 km of Kodarma-Barhi section of NH-31
1.1 Basis
Basic design criteria have been prepared with a view to satisfy all the relevant technical requirements specified in
the contract.

1.2 Structure Description

The Bridge consists of eight span simply supported PSC superstructure of span 35.0m c/c over RCC Pier &
abutments..

1.3 Material :
a) Grades of concrete are as follows:
i) Foundation :M35
ii) Substructure :M35
iii) Superstructure :M45
iv) Pedestal, crash barrier :M40
b) Grade of Reinforcement :Fe-500
c) Prestressing steel :12.7mm dia low relaxation strand of
UTS 1862 Mpa confirming to IS:14268

1.4 LOADS :
a) Unit Weight of Materials :
i) Unit weight of PSC super structure = 25.0 KN/m3
ii) Unit weight of RCC substructure & foundation = 25.0 KN/m3
iii) Unit weight of Structural steel = 78.5 KN/m3
iv) Unit weight of Wearing course = 22.0 KN/m3
v) Unit weight of Earth = 19.0 KN/m3
b) Dead Load (DL) :
Self weight of PSC I-girder and RCC deck have been considered for design of superstructure. In addition of self
weight of superstructure, self weight of substructure & foundation have also been considered in design of
substructure & foundation respectively.

c)Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) :

Weight of wearing course, crash barriers have been calculated.

d) Live Load (LL) :

As per IRC : 6 :2017, Live loads on two lane carriageway superstructure are as follows:
i) Single lane of 70R tracked
or ii) Single lane of 70R wheeled
or iii)Two lane class-A , whichever governs

e) Impact (IL)
Impact factor of live load has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Impact Factor for class-A = 4.5/(6+L)

f) Braking Force (BF)

Braking has been calculated as per IRC: 6-2017
Braking force = 0.20 x First vehicle + 0.1 x Succeeding Vehicles for Two lane Carriageway
+ 0.05 x Vehicles on each excess lane Carriageway

g) Centrifugal Force (CF)

The centrifugal forces shall be determined from the following equation:
C = WV2/(127R) C = Centrifugal force acting normal to the traffic.
W= Live Load V = Design Speed (km/hr) R = Radius of Curvature (meters)

h) Snow load
Snow load shall be calculated as per clause no. 221 of IRC:6-2017.
a) 0.25m ht of snow load to be added over 70R wheeled loading
b) 0.5m ht of snow load to be added over 70R tracked loading

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i) Force due to Support Settlement (SS)
For simply support span, forces due to differential settlement of supports need not be considered.

j) Temperature Load (TL)

For simply support span, force due to temperature rise & fall need not be considered.

k) Temperature Gradient (TG)

Stress due to temperature gradient along depth of superstructure shall be calculated as per IRC: 6-2017.

l) Creep & Shrinkage (CS)

Strain due to creep & shrinkage shall be taken as per IRC: 112-2011.

m) Seismic Load (EQ)

Earthquake Loads has been calculated as per IS:1893 and IRC: 6-2017. Project is located in earthquake
zone II. Horizontal seismic forces has been computed as per clause no. 219.2 of IRC : 6-2017 for zone III .
z = zone factor = For Zone III = 0.16 I = Importance factor = 1.20
R = Response Reduction factor = 2.50 Sa/g = = 2.50

n) Wind Load (WL)

Wind Loads shall be calculated as per clause 209 of IRC: 6-2017.

o) Earth Pressure (EP) :

Value of φ for backfill = 30 deg
Value of δ of backfill = 20 deg
Active earth pressure Co-efficient shall be calculated as per Coulomb’s formula.

p) Water current force (Fwc)

Water current force is calculated as per clause no. 210 of IRC:6-2017 based on design hydrology for
the particular bridge.
q) Buoyancy (Gb)
Buoyancy is calculated as per clause no. 213 of IRC:6-2017 for water at HFL.
At HFL condition, earth pressure shall be reduced due to submerged unit wt of earth, dead load
of sub-structure & foundation.

r) Load Combination (LC)

As per Annex B of IRC:6-2017, the following load combination shall be considered for design
Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9

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Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1

Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member

1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature

1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9

1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.6
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 0.5
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.2 0.6

Load Combination for Quasi-permanent (SL3) - for RCC structure

1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Temperature(lead)
Temperatur
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load
e
1 1 1.2
2 (a) 1 1.2 0.5
2 (b) 1 1 0.5

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1.5 Arrangement
PSC superstructure of span 35.0m c/c over RCC pier on pile foundation have been proposed.
For two lane bridge with footpath, total width of carriageway is 9.0m and total width of deck slab
(incl. two nos. crash barrier & one railing) is 12.5m. 4nos. PSC girders are placed on POT cum PTFE bearing.

1.6 Analysis
Dead load analyses, prestressing forces & loss and stress calculation have been done by excel spreadsheet
prepared in-house. SIDL, Live load have been done by STAAD PRO. Calculation of deflection has been done
by Conjugate Beam Theory & STAAD PRO. Forces & moment and design of abutment & its foundations have
been done by excel spreadsheet.

1.7 Construction Methodology

Substructure
RCC cast-in-situ abutment & abutment cap shall be cast over Pile foundation. The pedestal & dirt wall shall
be cast over abutment cap. Pot cum PTFE shall be placed over pedestal before erection of PSC girder.

Superstructure
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast
Girders shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary
shuttering from precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting
of Precast Girder, SIDL shall be laid after removing of all shuttering material.

1.8 Reference codes & books

1) IRC: 5-2015
2) IRC: 6-2017
3) IRC: 22-2015
4) IRC: 78-2014
5) IRC: 112-2011

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1.0 Design Data for Simply Supported Prestressed I-Girder of span 35m -Straight span
1.1 Geometric details
C/C distance of piers = 35.00 m Effective girder span = 33.40 m
Deck slab overhang over pier = 0.80 m Girder overhang at either end = 0.50 m
Note - Overhangs are measured from the centreline of bearing. Angle for span, θ = 0.00 radian
Radius of curvature R 1E+15 m Design velocity of vehicle = 60 kmph

1.2 Cross-sectional details

Width of carriage way = 9.00 m Width of crash barrier = 0.50 m
Width of footpath = 1.50 m Nos. of footpath =1 Nos.
Width of railing = 0.50 m Average Deck Width 12.500 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m
Overall depth of girder = 2.475 m Thickness of wearing coat 0.065 m
Number of PSC longitudinal girder =4 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.00 m
Number of cross girder =4 Nos. Avg Cant. span of deck slab = 1.750 m
Max Cant. span of deck slab = 1.750 m Min Cant. span of deck slab = 1.750 m
Length of girder, LG1 = 34.400 m Length of girder, LG2 = 34.400 m
Length of girder, LG3 = 34.400 m Length of girder, LG4 = 34.400 m

1.3 Cross sectional details of girders

Top width of precast girder = 1.25 m Width of web of PSC girder(support) = 0.75 m
Thickness of End cross girder = 0.60 m Width of web of PSC girder(san) = 0.30 m
Thickness of Inner cross girder = 0.30 m

1.4 Material details

1.4.1 Concrete details [ IRC:112-2011 ]
Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 34313 MPa Mean tensile strength fctm = 3.28 MPa
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 2.29 MPa Upper fractile tensile fctm95 = 4.26 MPa
Material safety factor γm = 1.50 Design concrete strength fcd = 20.10 MPa
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3 Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress at rare combination of loads = 21.60 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress at frequent combination of loads = 16.20 MPa
Permissible tensile stress = 1.53 MPa Modular ratio m = E p /E c

1.4.2 Reinforcing details [ IRC:112-2011 ]

Grade of reinforcement Fe 500 Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Material safety factor gs = 1.15 Design yield strength fyd = 434.78 MPa
Design yield strain eyd = 0.0022 Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
Density of Steel = 78.50 kN/m3

1.4.3 Prestressing strand details [ IRC:112-2011 & IS:14268-1995 ]

Type of prestressing strand Low Relaxation Ultimate tensile strength fpk = 1860.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity = 195.00 Gpa 0.1% proof stress (0.87 UTS) = 1617.39 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 1406.43 MPa Design yield strain epd = 0.0072
Applied jack pressure = 1455.65 MPa Expected slip at girder end = 6.00 mm
Type of sheathing material Corrugated HDPE Area of single strand of 12.7mm = 98.80 mm2
Coefficient of friction (m) = 0.17 per radian Wobble coefficient (k) = 0.0020 per metre
Typical cable identification 19T/13 Duct dia including sheathing = 90.00 mm
Width of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm Depth of anchorage plate = 245.00 mm
Minimum clear cover = 75.00 mm Clear distance between cables = 90.00 mm
Effective cover for cables = 120.00 mm Effective cover for anchorage = 210.00 mm
Eff dist between cables = 180.00 mm Eff dist between anchorages = 290.00 mm
Cross Sectional area of Tendon ( area of each stand = 98.80mm2) = 1877 mm2
Braking load (Breaking load each strand = 183.7 kN) = 3490 kN
Applied Force (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN

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 1.4.4 Bearing
Type of bearing = Pot cum PTFE Seismic Zone Zone III
Seismic Horizontal Coefficient = 0.120 Seismic vertical Coefficient = 0.080

1.5 Sequence of construction

Casting of Precast girders = 0 days
Prestressing First stage = 5 days
Second stage = 28 days
Erection of girder = 50 days
Casting of deck slab = 60 days
Removal of Shuttering, Laying of wearing course and crash barrier = 90 days
After 14 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast
Girders shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary
shuttering from precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting
of Precast Girder, all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid.
12.500
0.50 9.000 0.50 1.500 0.50

65 thk w/c

0.225 1.250
0.2
0.10

2.250 LG1 LG2 1.450 LG3 LG4

0.25
0.75 0.25
1.750 3.000 3.000 3.000 1.750
Section X-X

Center of Symmetry
0.225
0.2
0.10 0.30
2.00 2.00
0.60 2.250 2.000
0.25
0.25
0.80 33.40
35.00
0.500
Section Y-Y

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 X

1.75
Y Y
Longitudinal girder

12.500
3

3
Cross Girder

1.75

X
0.800 33.40
35.00
Plan

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2.0 Sectional properties of Girder
2.1 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Mid Span
(Precast Girder only)
1.250

0.2 1 1
0.1 2 2
0.475

D= 2.250 3

0.25 4 4
0.25 5 5
0.225 0.3
0.75

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.475 0.200 2 0.1900 2.150 0.40850 0.87828 0.000633 0.87891
2 0.475 0.100 2 0.0475 2.017 0.09579 0.19318 0.000026 0.19321
3 0.300 2.250 1 0.6750 1.125 0.75938 0.85430 0.284766 1.13906
4 0.225 0.250 2 0.0563 0.333 0.01875 0.00625 0.000195 0.00645
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.0813 Total Axd'i = 1.29648 Total ICG(i)+ A ( d'i )2 = 2.21997
Total A = 1.081 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 1.199 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 0.665 m4
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.633 m3
ZBottom =I/CG = 0.555 m3
Perimeter in contact with air u = = 7.444 m

2.2 Sectional properties of Precast Longitudinal Girder : At Support

(Precast Girder only)
1.250

0.2 1 1
0.053 2 2
0.25

D= 2.250 3

0.75

Flexural Stiffness about major axis:

CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m4)
1 0.2500 0.200 2 0.1000 2.150 0.21500 0.46225 0.000333 0.46258
2 0.2500 0.053 2 0.0132 2.032 0.02674 0.05435 0.000002 0.05436
3 0.750 2.250 1 1.6875 1.125 1.89844 2.13574 0.711914 2.84766
Total A = 1.8007 Total Axd'i = 2.14018 Total ICG(i)+ A ( d'i )2 = 3.36460
Total A = 1.801 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 1.189 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 0.821 m4
Z Top =I/(D-CG) = 0.773 m3
ZBottom =I/CG = 0.691 m3

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 Calculation of Sectional properties of main girder & cross girder for STAAD Analysis
2.3.
2.3 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At Mid Span
As per cl. No. 7.6.1.2 of IRC 112-2011, the width of compression flange of beams with solid webs
beff = ∑ beff,i +bw for T-Beam beff,i = 0.2bi+0.1l0
bw = Width of web = 0.3 m lo = effetive span = 33.40 m
bi = Spacing of girder = 3 m
be = 3.000 m for T-Beam 3.000 m for L-Beam
3.000
1.25
Y
1 0.225
0.2 2 2
0.1 3 3
0.475

D= 2.250 Z 4 Z

0.25 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.225 0.3
0.75
Y
Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I xx(i) Ixx(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 3.000 0.225 1 0.6750 2.363 1.59469 3.76745 0.002848 3.77030
2 0.475 0.200 2 0.1900 2.150 0.40850 0.87828 0.000633 0.87891
3 0.475 0.100 2 0.0475 2.017 0.09579 0.19318 0.000026 0.19321
4 0.300 2.250 1 0.6750 1.125 0.75938 0.85430 0.284766 1.13906
5 0.225 0.250 2 0.0563 0.333 0.01875 0.00625 0.000195 0.00645
6 0.225 0.250 2 0.1125 0.125 0.01406 0.00176 0.000586 0.00234
Total A = 1.7563 Total Axd'i = 2.8912 Total ICG(i)+ A ( d'i )2 = 5.9903
Total A = 1.756 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 1.646 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 1.231 m4
3
Z Top of slab =I/(D+d-CG) = 1.485 m
3
Z bot of slab = 2.038 m
Zbottom of beam =I/CG = 0.748 m3
Perimeter in contact with air u = = 11.394 m
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.000 1 0.6750 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.506250 0.50625
2 0.200 0.475 2 0.1900 0.388 0.00000 0.02853 0.003572 0.03210
3 0.100 0.475 2 0.0475 0.308 0.00000 0.00452 0.000595 0.00511
4 2.250 0.300 1 0.6750 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.005063 0.00506
5 0.250 0.225 2 0.0563 0.225 0.00000 0.00285 0.000158 0.00301
6 0.250 0.225 2 0.1125 0.263 0.00000 0.00775 0.000475 0.00823
Total Area = 1.7563 Total Axd'i = 0.00000 Total I = 0.55976
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.560 m4
Torsional Stiffness : 3.000
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 1.0917 2 0.300
1 3.0000 0.2250 13.333 0.333 0.01138
2 1.0917 0.3000 3.639 0.275 0.00809
3 1.450
3 1.4500 0.3000 4.833 0.290 0.01137 0.3
4 0.6375 0.5000 1.275 0.175 0.01398
Total torsional stiffness 0.04481 4 0.500
0.6375

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2.4.
2.4 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At Support
3.000
1.25
Y
1 0.225
0.2 2 2
0.053 3 3
0.25

D= 2.250 X 4 X

0.75
Y
Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:
CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.0000 0.225 1 0.6750 2.3625 1.59469 3.76745 0.002848 3.77030
2 0.2500 0.200 2 0.1000 2.150 0.21500 0.46225 0.000333 0.46258
3 0.2500 0.053 2 0.0132 2.032 0.02674 0.05435 0.000002 0.05436
4 0.750 2.250 1 1.6875 1.125 1.89844 2.13574 0.711914 2.84766
Total A = 2.4757 Total Axd'i = 3.7349 Total ICG(i)+ A ( d'i )2 = 7.1349
Total A = 2.476 m2
Total CG from bottom CG = =A/Axd'i = 1.509 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG =ICG(i) + A ( d'i )2 -Ax CG^2 = 1.500 m4
Z Top of slab =I/(D+d-CG) = 1.553 m3
Z Top of girder 2.024 m3
Zbottom of girder =I/CG = 0.994 m3
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Centre (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 0.225 3.000 1 0.6750 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.506250 0.50625
2 0.200 0.250 2 0.1000 0.500 0.00000 0.02500 0.000521 0.02552
3 0.053 0.250 2 0.0132 0.833 0.00000 0.00914 0.000046 0.00918
4 2.250 0.750 1 1.6875 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.079102 0.07910
Total Area = 2.4757 Total Axd'i = 0.00000 Total I = 0.62006
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.620 m4
Torsional Stiffness : 3.000
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) (m4) 1.1979 2 0.253
1 3.0000 0.2250 13.333 0.333 0.01138
2 1.1979 0.2526 4.742 0.288 0.00557 3
1.997
3 1.9974 0.7500 2.663 0.257 0.21651 0.75
Total torsional stiffness 0.23346

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2.5.
2.5 Sectional properties of Composite Precast Girder & Deck Slab : At flared Portion
3.000
1.25
Y
1 0.225
0.2 2 2
0.076 3 3
0.3625

D= 2.250 X 4 X

0.125 5 5
0.25 6 6
0.1125 0.525
0.75
Y
Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 3.000 0.225 1 0.6750 2.363 1.59469 3.76745 0.002848 3.77030
2 0.363 0.200 2 0.1450 2.150 0.31175 0.67026 0.000483 0.67075
3 0.363 0.076 2 0.0277 2.025 0.05601 0.11339 0.000009 0.11340
4 0.525 2.250 1 1.1813 1.125 1.32891 1.49502 0.498340 1.99336
5 0.113 0.125 2 0.0141 0.292 0.00410 0.00120 0.000012 0.00121
6 0.113 0.250 2 0.0563 0.125 0.00703 0.00088 0.000293 0.00117
Total Area = 2.0992 Total Axd'i = 3.30248 Total I = 6.55018
Total CG from bottom = 1.5732 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 1.3547 m4
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 3.000 1 0.6750 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.506250 0.50625
2 0.200 0.363 2 0.1450 0.444 0.00000 0.02855 0.001588 0.03014
3 0.076 0.363 2 0.0277 0.383 0.00000 0.00407 0.000202 0.00427
4 2.250 0.525 1 1.1813 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.027132 0.02713
5 0.125 0.113 2 0.0141 0.300 0.00000 0.00127 0.000010 0.00128
6 0.250 0.113 2 0.0563 0.319 0.00000 0.00572 0.000059 0.00577
Total Area = 2.0992 Total Axd'i = 0.00000 Total I = 0.57484
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.575 m4
Torsional Stiffness : 3.000
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d 1 0.225
(m) (m) 4
(m ) 1.1499 2 0.276
1 3.0000 0.2250 13.333 0.333 0.01138
2 1.1499 0.2763 4.161 0.283 0.00686
3 1.599
3 1.5987 0.5250 3.045 0.264 0.06103 0.525
4 0.7125 0.3750 1.900 0.222 0.00836
Total torsional stiffness 0.08762 4 0.375
0.7125

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2.6.
2.6 Sectional Properties of intermeaiate Cross Girder Member
2.088
1 0.225

2 2.000
0.30

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Bottom (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 2.0875 0.225 1 0.4697 2.113 0.99221 2.09605 0.001981 2.09804
2 0.3000 2.000 1 0.6000 1.000 0.60000 0.60000 0.200000 0.80000
Total Area = 1.0697 Total Axd'i = 1.59221 Total I = 2.89804
Total CG from bottom = 1.4885 m
4
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.5280 m
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 2.088 1 0.4697 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.170561 0.17056
2 2.000 0.300 1 0.6000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.004500 0.00450
Total Area = 1.0697 Total Axd'i = 0.00000 Total I = 0.17506
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.17506 m4
Torsional Stiffness :
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d
(m) (m) (m4)
1 2.0875 0.2250 9.278 0.333 0.00792
2 2.0000 0.3000 6.667 0.298 0.01609
Total torsional stiffness 0.02401

2.7.
2.7 Sectional properties of End Cross girder Member
1.444
1 0.225

2 2.000
0.60

Flexural Stiffness about major axis X-X:

CG from
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i )2 I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)2
Bottom (d'i)
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (m4) (m4)
1 1.4438 0.225 1 0.3248 2.113 0.68623 1.44967 0.001370 1.45104
2 0.6000 2.000 1 1.2000 1.000 1.20000 1.20000 0.400000 1.60000
Total Area = 1.5248 Total Axd'i = 1.88623 Total I = 3.05104
Total CG from bottom = 1.2370 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.7178 m4
Flexural Stiffness about major axis Y-Y:
CG from 2 2
Id. No. bi di N A A x d'i A x ( d'i ) I CG(i) ICG(i)+A(d'i)
Centre (d'i)
2 3 4 4 4
(m) (m) (Nos.) (m ) (m) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m )
1 0.225 1.444 1 0.3248 0.322 0.10456 0.03365 0.056426 0.09008
2 2.000 0.600 1 1.2000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.036000 0.03600
Total Area = 1.5248 Total Axd'i = 0.10456 Total I = 0.12608
Total CG from bottom = 0.0686 m
Total Moment of Inertia about CG = 0.1189 m4
Torsional Stiffness :
Id. No. d b d/b k J0 = kb3d
(m) (m) (m4)
1 1.4438 0.2250 6.417 0.297 0.00488
2 2.0000 0.6000 3.333 0.269 0.11621
Total torsional stiffness 0.12109

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2.8.Summary of sectional properties of Girders

Composite Inner Precast Girder & Deck Slab Longitudinal girder End Cross Central
Desription Unit At span At support At Flared Girder Cross Girder
2
Cross-sectional area m 1.7563 2.4757 2.0992 1.5248 1.0697
I about major axis X-X m4 1.2308 1.5003 1.3547 0.7178 0.5280
4
I about major axis Y-Y m 0.5598 0.6201 0.5748 0.1189 0.1751
4
Torsional stiffness m 0.0448 0.2335 0.0876 0.1211 0.0240
3 3 2 2
Torsional Moment of Inertia J0 = 3xb xd /{10x(b +d )}
2
(if b>5d<10d) 3/{10x(1+(b/d) )}
Where, k = b = Shoter Side d = Longer Side
J0 = kb3d
According to Timoshenko and Goodier"s Table k=
d/b k d/b k
1.00 0.141 3.00 0.263
1.20 0.166 4.00 0.281
1.50 0.196 5.00 0.291
2.00 0.229 10.00 0.312
2.25 0.240 >10.00 0.333
2.50 0.249

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3.0 Load Calculation other than dead load
3.1 SIDL - Crash Barrier - per m 150 50 200
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3 50
Load Weight Lever Moment g mm
Sl No Area(m2) 200
Calculation (KN) arm(m) (KN-m)
a 0.45x0.165 0.074 1.856 0.225 0.418
b 1/2x(0.5+0.25)x0.05 0.019 0.469 0.033 0.016 500 f
c (0.5+0.25)x0.2 0.150 3.750 0.150 0.563 c
d 0.25x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.275 0.086 d
e 1/2x0.25x0.15 0.019 0.469 0.350 0.164 250 b
f 1/2x0.5x0.05 0.013 0.313 0.267 0.083 e 450
g 0.100 0.150 0.015 mm
Total 0.287 7.269 1.344 165 a
Total load of crash barrier = 7.269 kN/m
Say, = 7.5 kN/m 450
Lever arm = 0.185 m from outer face 0.235 m
Distance from outer girder LG1 = (1.750+1.750)/2 -0.185-0.05 = 1.515 m 11.363123
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.750+1.750)/2 -0.5-1.5-0.185-0.05 = -0.485 m -3.6368766

Dead load of Footpath - per m

Thickness of footpath finish = 100 mm Unit weight = 22 kN/m3
Dead Load of footpath at each side = 1.5x20/1000x22 = 3.3 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.750+1.750)/2 -0.5-1.5/2 = 0.500 m

Weight of Railing - per m

Dead Load of 3 nos.railing at each side = 0.175x0.2x3x25 = 2.625 kN/m
kerb = 0.25x0.5x25 = 3.125 kN/m
Dead Load of post = 0.25x0.25x1.15x25/1.5 = 1.198 kN/m
Total 6.948 kN/m
Say, = 7.0 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.750+1.750)/2 -0.5/2 = 1.50 m

Weight of wearing course- per m

Unit weight of wearing course = 22 kN/m3
Thickness of wearing course including overlay = 0.1 m
Width Lever arm
Outer girder LG1 = 2.750 m =2.750x0.1x22 = 6.050 kN/m 0.125 m
Inner girder LG2 = 3.0 m = 6.600 kN/m 0 m
Inner girder LG3 = 3.0 m = 6.600 kN/m 0 m
Outer girder LG4 = 0.625 m = 1.375 kN/m 1.19 m
B. Construction Stage Live Load with shuttering:
Live load during construction = 1.5 KN/m2
Construction Live load on External Girder = 3.25*1.5 = 4.875 KN/m
Construction Live load on Internal Girder = 3*1.5 = 4.5 KN/m
Shuttering Load on each girder = 2 KN/m
Total load on External Girder = 6.875 KN/m
Total load on Internal Girder = 6.50 KN/m

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3.2 Wind Loads on Structure
Wind Load as per Clause 209 of IRC:6-2017
As per clause 209.3.7 the bridges shall not be considered to be carrying any live load
when the wind speed at deck level exceeds 36m/s.
Vb = design wind speed at any height = 39 m/s
Tranverse wind Force FT = PZxA1xGxCD
Longitudinal wind Force FL = 25% of FT
Vertical wind Force FV = PZxA3xGxCL
Span (c/c of exp gap) = 35.0 m
Overall width = 12.5 m
Depth of superstructure = 2.48 m
where, Pz = The design wind pressure at the location of the bridge.
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =35x(2.475+0.065+1.05) = 125.65 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =35x12.5 = 437.50 sqm
Type of Superstructure : Two beam/Box girder
b/d ratio for the Superstructure : =3/2.475 = 1.2
CD = Drag coefficient for the Superstructure = 2.25
(For slab bridge, CD =1.1, For Single beam/Box girder, CD =1.5 for b/d<=2.0, CD =1.3 for b/d>=6.0 and inbetween interpolated CD to be
considered)
G = Gust Factor (If Span<=150, G=2, Otherwise Wind tunnel testing required) = 2.0
CL = Lift coefficient = 0.75

3.2.1 Wind load on Unloaded structure

a) Wind load on Superstructure
Vb = design wind speed at any height = 39 m/s
Bridge situated in : = Plain Terrain
Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speed of 33Wind
m/s speed & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 39m/s
H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 32.9 647.6 21.0 266.1
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 34.5 715.8 23.2 321.9
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 35.8 769.0 24.8 370.5
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 37.1 824.3 26.9 436.0
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 39.1 920.7 29.4 517.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 39.7 944.6 30.3 548.8
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 40.2 968.7 31.0 576.6
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 40.7 993.3 31.8 605.2
90 34.9 729.0 27.5 454.2 90 41.2 1018.2 32.5 634.4
100 35.3 747.0 28.2 475.6 100 41.7 1043.3 33.3 664.3
Average Height of superstructure = 15 m
2
Lower bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 715.8 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 715.8 N/m
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 15.000 m 715.8 N/m
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. = 125.7 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure = 437.5 sqm
Summary of wind Force on superstructure
Tranverse wind Force FT = 607.1 kN Longitudinal wind Force FL = 151.8 kN
Vertical wind Force FV = 469.7 kN udl = 1.074 kN/m2
UDL on girder Outer udl = 3.49 kN/m
Inner udl = 3.22 kN/m
Outer udl = 3.49 kN/m
Tranverse wind Force FT = udl = 4.83 kN/m2
udl = 17.03 kN/m

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3.2.2 Wind load on loaded structure
a) Wind load on Superstructure
Vb = design wind speed at any height = 36 m/s
Bridge situated in : = Plain Terrain
Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speed of 33Wind
m/s speed & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 36m/s
H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
(m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s)
(m) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 30.33 551.84 19.42 226.71
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 31.85 609.92 21.38 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 33.05 655.26 22.91 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 34.25 702.39 24.87 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 36.11 784.50 27.16 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 36.65 804.85 27.93 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 37.09 825.44 28.58 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 37.53 846.39 29.35 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 38.07 867.57 30.00 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 38.51 888.99 30.76 566.00
Average Height of superstructure = 15 m
2
Lower bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 609.9 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 609.9 N/m
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 15.000 m 609.9 N/m2
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. = 125.65 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure = 437.50 sqm
Summary of wind Force on superstructure
Tranverse wind Force FT = 517.3 kN Longitudinal wind Force FL = 129.3 kN
Vertical wind Force FV = 400.3 kN udl = 0.915 kN/m2
UDL on girder Outer udl = 2.97 kN/m
Inner udl = 2.74 kN/m
Outer udl = 2.97 kN/m
Tranverse wind Force FT = udl = 4.12 kN/m2
udl = 14.51 kN/m

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3.3 Footpath Live Load- per m
As per Cl. No. 206.3(b) of IRC:6-2017, 7.5m> L (Span length)<30m
/ / 2
Where, P= P - (40L-300)/9 P= 500 Kg/m L= 33.40 m
2
W= 1.5 m P= 384.9 Kg/m
U.D.L. due to footpath live load at each side = 384.9x1.5/100 = 5.77 kN/m
Distance from outer girder LG4 = (1.750+1.750)/2 -0.5-1.5/2 = 0.375 m

3.5 Live Load

i) Single Lane 70-R Track Loading

0.84
2.06 2.9

0.84
0.914 0.914 0.914 0.914 0.914
4.57
3.656
Live Load Position in Plan

12.50
0.50 9.00 0.50 1.500 0.5
2.9
1.2 0.84 0.84

4.18 5.780 7.880

2.06
Live Load Position along Transverse Direction

70R Track loading have been divided by five concentrated loading

Total Vertical Load = 700 kN
Load at each units = 70 kN
Congestion Factor = 1.225
Impact Factor For L = 33.40 m = 10 %
Load at each units including impact = 94.325 kN
ii) Single Lane 70-R Wheel Loading
170 170 170 170 120 120 80
1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96

13.4

Live Load Position

12.50
0.50 9.00 0.50 1.500 0.5
2.79
1.2 0.86 0.86

4.06 5.715 7.870

1.93
Live Load Position along Tranverse Direction
As per Cl. No. 211.3 b(i) of IRC:6-2000, For L = 33.40 m = 11.42 %
Congestion Factor = 1.225
One wheel load including impact for 8t = 54.60 kN
One wheel load including impact for 12 t = 81.89 kN
One wheel load including impact for 17 t = 116.02 kN
iii) Two Lane Class-A Loading
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0

18.80

Live Load Position

17 of 178
 12.50
0.50 9.00 0.50 1.500 0.5
0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8

2.70 5.600 9.100

6.20
Live Load Position along Tranverse Direction
As per Cl. No. 211.3 b(i) of IRC:6-2000, For L = 33.40 m = 11.42 %
Congestion Factor = 1.225
One wheel load including impact for 2.7 t = 18.43 kN
One wheel load including impact for 11.4 t = 77.80 kN
One wheel load including impact for 6.8 t = 46.41 kN
3.6 Temperature stress
a) Temperature Rise
3000
17.3
150 A h1 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
75 B 4
175 C 1250 2.8 h2 =0.3h>0.1m = 250mm
25 D <0.25m
100 E 775

F
1450 300 h= 2475 mm

250 G 525
100 H
150 I h3 =0.3h<0.15m = 150mm
2.1
750
Equivalent Beam Section Temperature Rise
Calculation of temperature stress due to Temperature Rise
Table I : Temperature Rise
y (m) from
Zone b (m) d (m) A (m2) Ay (m3) Ay2 (m4) t (0C) At(m2 0C) Aty (m3 0C)
top
A 3 0.15 0.4500 0.0750 0.0338 0.0025 -10.650 -4.7925 -0.3594
B 3 0.075 0.2250 0.1875 0.0422 0.0079 -3.400 -0.7650 -0.1434
C 1.25 0.175 0.2188 0.3125 0.0684 0.0214 1.400 0.3063 0.0957
D 1.25 0.025 0.0313 0.4125 0.0129 0.0053 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
E 0.775 0.1 0.0775 0.4750 0.0368 0.0175 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.45 0.4350 1.2500 0.5438 0.6797 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.525 0.25 0.1313 2.1000 0.2756 0.5788 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.75 0.1 0.0750 2.2750 0.1706 0.3882 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.75 0.15 0.1125 2.4000 0.2700 0.6480 -1.050 -0.1181 -0.2835
1.7563 1.4540 2.3493 -5.3694 -0.6907
E= Elastic Modulus of Concrete at service Condition = 3.4E+04 N/mm2
α = Coefficient of thermal coefficient of concrete = 1.2E-05 /0C
ε0 = Eigenstress
θ = Strain Gradient
The Two equations are as follows ε0xΣA - θxΣAy = αxΣAt
ε0xΣAy - θxΣAy2 = αxΣAyt
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy -Σ(Ay)2}
2 2
-= 6.9E-05
θ = αx{ΣAyxΣAt-ΣAxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} -= 3.9E-05
fci = E x{ε0 - yθ - αt}
Table II : Calculation of Eigenstress due to Temperature Rise
y from top
Position t (0C) yxθ αxt fci (N/mm2)
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 -17.30 0.00 -2.08E-04 4.75
Top of Pre-girder 0.225 -2.80 -8.85E-06 -3.36E-05 -0.92
Soffit of girder 2.475 -2.10 -9.73E-05 -2.52E-05 1.83

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 b) Temperature Fall
3000
10.6
225 A h1 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
25 B 1.69
175 C 1250 0.7 h2 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
75 D 775 0.210
25 E

F
1450 300 h= 2475 mm

0 G 0 h3 =0.25h<0.25m = 250mm
250 H 525 0.8
250 I h4 =0.2h<0.25m = 250mm
6.6
750
Equivalent Beam Section Temperature Fall
Calculation of temperature stress due to Temperature Fall
Table III : Temperature fall

y (m) from
Zone b (m) d (m) A (m2) Ay (m3) Ay2 (m4) t (0C) At(m2 0C) Aty (m3 0C)
top
A 3 0.225 0.6750 0.1125 0.0759 0.0085 6.1450 4.1479 0.4666
B 3 0.025 0.0750 0.2375 0.0178 0.0042 1.1950 0.0896 0.0213
C 1.25 0.175 0.2188 0.3375 0.0738 0.0249 0.4550 0.0995 0.0336
D 0.775 0.075 0.0581 0.4625 0.0269 0.0124 0.1050 0.0061 0.0028
E 0.775 0.025 0.0194 0.5125 0.0099 0.0051 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.3 1.45 0.4350 1.2500 0.5438 0.6797 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.3 0 0.0000 1.9750 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.525 0.25 0.1313 2.1000 0.2756 0.5788 0.4000 0.0525 0.1103
I 0.75 0.25 0.1875 2.3500 0.4406 1.0355 3.7000 0.6938 1.6303
Σ 1.8000 1.4644 2.3492 5.0894 2.2649
E= = 3.4E+04 N/mm2
α= = 1.2E-05 /0C
Solving ε0 = αx{ΣAy2xΣAt-ΣAyxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} = 5.0E-05
θ0 = αx{ΣAyxΣAt-ΣAxΣAty}/{ΣAxΣAy2-Σ(Ay)2} = 1.9E-05
fci = E x{ε0 - yθ - αt}
Table IV : Calculation of Eigenstress due to Temperature fall
y from top
Position t (0C) yxθ αxt fci (N/mm2)
(m)
Top of Deck slab 0.000 10.60 0.00 1.27E-04 -2.66
Top of Pre-girder 0.225 1.69 4.37E-06 2.03E-05 0.86
Soffit of girder 2.475 6.60 4.81E-05 7.92E-05 -2.66
Hence sufficient amount Longitudinal reiforcement needs to provide in top Slab as per cl. 218.5 to control
the thermal cracking.

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4.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG1 = 34.40 m
4.1. Load calculation
4.1.1 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Precast girder only
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 1.081 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.801 m
Unit Weight at span = 27.03 kN/m
Unit Weight at support = 45.02 kN/m
Thickness of intermediate Cross Girder = 0.30 m
Thickness of end Cross Girder = 0.60 m
1.250 1.750 1.250

0.475 0.2
0.1 0.053

2.25 1.800 1.450

0.25
0.25

0.225 0.225
0.75 2.250 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.08-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 12.05 kN
Part of End cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.80-0.75x0.25)}x0.6x25 = 13.30 kN
= 13.30 kN
= 12.05 kN = 12.05 kN
45.02 45.02
27.03
0.500 2.00 2.00 25.40 2.00 2.00 0.500

0.500 33.400 0.500

11.1 34.400
Support Reaction = 553.24 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Dist. for prop. Section(m) 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Shear Force (kN) 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
4.1.2 Construction load and weight of shuttering & proping.
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
Assume, UDL for weight of shuttering = 5.000 kN/m
Effective width of deck slab for end girder = 3.250 m
Weight of shuttering & Conc. Live load = 6.625 kN/m
6.625

0.500 33.40 0.500

Support Reaction = 113.95 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections of outer girders
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -0.8 403.3 692.0 865.3 923.0
Shear 110.6 83.0 55.3 27.7 0.0

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4.1.3 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Deck slab & X-girder
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m2
Thickness of deck slab at expansion joint = 0.400 m
Average width of deck slab at support = 3.250 m
Wt. of End X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.6x25 = 26.250 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.3x25 = 13.125 kN
= 26.250 = 13.125 = 26.250
0.5
18.281 14.22 kN/m

0.800 33.40 0.800

Support Reaction = 359.84 kN

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections

Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -9.8 1132.9 1957.0 2462.3 2649.1
Shear 311.9 235.5 159.2 82.9 6.6

4.1.4 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force for outer girder
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 4.30 8.60 12.90 17.20
Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
1 SEISMIC X DIR 56.940 -50.989 70.195 74.696 69.506
2 SEISMIC Y DIR -33.692 -146.661 238.267 -296.791 313.534
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 59.576 41.533 30.606 -32.856 37.120
Precast girder only -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Construction load -0.8 403.3 692.0 865.3 923.0
Deck slab & X-girder -9.8 1132.9 1957.0 2462.3 2649.1
Crash Baarrier 29.5 313.0 365.6 423.7 486.7
Total wt of deck slab = 14.1 3223.6 5328.4 6632.3 7117.5
SIDL from staad output 85.0 457.4 740.9 898.2 932.6
Removal of shutter -107.9 -479.1 -737.9 -888.4 -930.6
Footpath live load -26.5 14.9 60.1 80.8 77.27 FLL not considered
Live load 416.4 2156.7 3501.9 4286.0 4491.7 as it creats upward
Total Live Load 416.4 2156.7 3501.9 4286.0 4491.7 bending.
Wind load (unloaded structure) 1.4 240.5 369.7 445.1 466.54
Wind load (loaded structure) 1.2 206.4 317.3 382.0 400.4
Construction load (1.5kN/m2) -0.2 98.9 169.7 212.2 226.4
Total 416.4 2156.7 3501.9 4286.0 4491.7

b) Shear force (kN) For SIDL & Live load - Refer STAAD Output
Desription At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
1 SEISMIC X DIR 13.8 11.6 7.2 6.8 9.9
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 29.5 26.4 19.9 10.9 0.1
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 5.9 6.0 5.8 4.2 3.0
Precast girder only 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
Deck slab & X-girder 311.9 235.5 159.2 82.9 6.6
Crash Baarrier 76.8 40.3 5.8 42.8 3.8
Total DL 906.1 631.2 402.8 193.5 10.4
SIDL from staad output 109.5 87.2 64.6 26.1 3.1
Footpath live load 7.4 9.9 11.9 1.2 0.0 14.2875
Live load incl. snow load 532.6 455.6 376.7 282.9 217.9
Total Live Load incl.snow load 532.6 455.6 376.7 282.9 217.9
Wind load (unloaded structure) 56.6 42.5 24.8 12.4 1.8
Wind load (loaded structure) 48.6 36.5 24.4 13.6 1.5
Construction load 27.1 20.4 13.6 6.8 0.0
Total 3099.4 2349.5 1684.7 1006.1 462.9

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4.1.5 Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5

a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 792.3 8387.3 13742.9 16954.3 17978.3
2 (a) 169.5 5461.8 8965.9 11098.3 11841.3
2 (b) 100.8 3990.5 6545.3 8103.4 8650.7
3 (a) 793.4 8573.0 14028.4 17298.1 18338.6
3 (b) 724.7 7101.8 11607.8 14303.2 15148.0
4 (a) 648.3 7942.0 12993.1 16027.2 17006.7
4 (b) 579.6 6470.8 10572.5 13032.3 13816.1
5 (a) 730.9 8249.5 13503.1 16655.2 17664.8
5 (b) 662.2 6778.3 11082.5 13660.3 14474.2
7 (a) 348.1 5459.8 9416.6 11346.3 12401.1
7 (b) 350.9 5556.9 9375.1 11233.3 12367.1
7 (c) 252.9 5359.3 9593.1 10956.2 12657.4
7 (d) 279.4 3988.5 6996.0 8351.3 9210.5
7 (e) 282.2 4085.6 6954.4 8238.4 9176.5
7 (f) 184.2 3888.0 7172.5 7961.3 9466.8
Maximum 100.8 8573.0 14028.4 17298.1 18338.6

b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 2213.7 1687.9 1221.9 731.3 346.2
2 (a) 1487.7 1059.3 693.4 327.4 21.6
2 (b) 1088.5 773.0 504.0 240.1 15.7
3 (a) 2257.4 1720.8 1243.9 743.6 347.6
3 (b) 1858.2 1434.5 1054.4 656.3 341.6
4 (a) 2100.2 1583.2 1126.6 652.7 272.2
4 (b) 1700.9 1296.9 937.2 565.4 266.3
5 (a) 2177.5 1652.4 1187.4 701.1 314.9
5 (b) 1778.3 1366.2 997.9 613.8 309.0
7 (a) 1558.0 1127.8 754.5 380.6 79.2
7 (b) 1549.7 1121.8 753.1 377.8 72.0
7 (c) 1574.5 1143.3 767.9 384.8 68.9
7 (d) 1158.7 841.5 565.1 293.2 73.3
7 (e) 1150.4 835.5 563.6 290.5 66.0
7 (f) 1175.3 857.0 578.5 297.5 62.9
Maximum 2257.4 1720.8 1243.9 743.6 347.6

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4.1.6 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1

4.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 3981.80 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 2649.06 kN-m
SIDL = 932.62 kN-m
Wind load = 240.22 kN-m
Live Load = 4491.69 kN-m
Total Moment = 12295.4 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.756 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 1.231 m4
CG from bottom = 1.646 m
Z Bottom = 0.748 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.193 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.453 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 3.42
Say, No of Cables Provided = 4.32

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4.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss

0.400

5 0.375

X X X 4 0.375
2.25
5 3 0.375

4 0.180 2 0.375

1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 16.700
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18

0.15 17.200

Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.400
0.375 5
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 5.800 4.50 3.50 2.900
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+5.8-0.15)} = 2.095 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5-0.15)} = 3.225 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 3.942 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.727 o
Vertical bending of Cable 5 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.510 o
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Horizontal bending of Cable 1 2.944 o
Horizontal bending of Cable 2 2.944 o
Position of Cable
Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 6.150 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 10.650 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 14.150 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 14.150 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 1.85 14.150 0.000 0.485

Start of Horizontal Bending End of Horizontal Bending Midspan

Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 6.150 0.000 0.125 10.650 0.180 0.125 17.050 0.180 0.125
2 6.150 0.000 0.379 10.650 -0.180 0.125 17.050 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.485

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C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050 Distance from
Cable 1 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485

Friction & Slip Loss

Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm2
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands (Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7) = 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
P(je)=P(x)e (µφ+kl) or P(x)=P(je)/e (µφ+kl)

Cable 1 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2476.02
1-2 6.154 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.47 2509.45
2-3 4.504 3.614 0.063 1.0199
3 2646.74 2562.18
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2590.35 2590.35

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 6.154 4.504 6.400
2732.90 2699.47 2646.74
1 2 3 2590.35
= 4
= 2562.18 2604.46
4.798
2476.02 2509.45
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2604.462 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.798 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.115 m
Extension of cable at each side = 130.33 mm

Cable 2 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2470.80
1-2 6.160 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.44 2504.26
2-3 4.511 4.366 0.076 1.0222
3 2640.77 2562.94
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2584.50 2584.50
6.160 4.511 6.400
2732.90 2699.44
1 2 2640.77 2584.50
= 3
= 2601.85 4
2504.26 2562.94
2470.80 4.426
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2601.85 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.426 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.32 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.32 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.141 m
Extension of cable = 130.29 mm

26 of 178
Cable 3 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2507.46
1-2 14.184 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.47 2583.90
2-3 2.900 3.942 0.069 1.0176
3 2610.40 2610.40
14.184 2.900
2732.90 2656.47
1 2 2610.40
= 3
= 2620.18
2583.90 2.284
2507.46
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2620.184 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.284 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.184+2.9)x2 = 34.167 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.27 mm

Cable 4 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2506.92
1-2 14.198 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.39 2583.43
2-3 2.900 4.727 0.082 1.0200
3 2604.25 2604.25
14.198 2.900
2732.90 2656.39
1 2 2604.25
= 3
= 2619.91
2583.43 2.029
2506.92
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2619.91 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.029 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.198+2.9)x2 = 34.197 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.36 mm

27 of 178
Cable5 6 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 863.02 791.52
1-2 14.216 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 838.83 815.72
2-3 2.900 5.510 0.096 1.0224
3 820.46 820.46
14.216 2.900
863.02 838.83
1 2 820.46
= 3
= 827.27
815.72 1.824
791.52
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 827.2737 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 1.824 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 693.576 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 693.576 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 693.58-693.58 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.216+2.9)x2 = 34.231 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.46 mm

4.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.095 2.095 2.095 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.225 3.225 3.225 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2509.35 2531.85 2554.35 2576.85 2610.40
Vert. angle 3.942 3.942 3.942 3.942 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces 7448.47 7516.22 7612.46 7709.66 7785.25
Normal at
CG of Cable 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 402.18 405.83 410.84 177.14 0.00
Cable 4 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.727 4.727 4.727 4.727 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 792.12 799.23 806.33 813.43 820.46
Vert. angle 5.510 5.510 5.510 5.510 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485
Total cable
forces 2nd
3288.73 3318.22 3347.72 3377.21 3424.70
stage
CG of Cable 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Total cable
forces Per.
282.80 285.33 287.87 290.40 0.00
Overall
CG of 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
% loss 15.5 % 14.7 % 13.6 % 12.7 % 11.9 %

28 of 178
4.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End
Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 34.115 130.33
Cable 2 34.141 130.29
Cable 3 34.167 131.27
Cable 4 34.197 131.36
Cable 5 34.231 131.46
4.3 Stress Calculation of girder
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
4.3.1 Loss calculation
4.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 45
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 55 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 49.59 Mpa
f ck (t) = 39.59 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 33.26 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.86
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.250 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 63.82 kN/Cable
2.34 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 5 days :-
SectionCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.48 -0.01 -0.49
End 7448.47 7257.02 0.707 -5.63 6.08
B 9.09 0.01 9.09
T -1.52 2.81 1.29
L/8 7516.22 7324.77 0.482 1777.70 10.52
B 16.24 -3.20 13.04
T -3.82 4.75 0.93
L/4 7612.46 7421.00 0.287 3005.92 12.01
B 19.05 -5.42 13.64
T -5.80 5.92 0.12
3L/8 7709.66 7518.21 0.125 3746.21 13.94
B 21.50 -6.75 14.75
T -5.86 6.29 0.43
L/2 7785.25 7593.80 0.125 3981.80 13.76
B 21.72 -7.18 14.55

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 Average stress fc = (6.08+2x(10.52+12.01+13.94)+13.76)/8 = 11.60 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 34.00 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 63.82 kN
-5.86 Mpa 6.29 Mpa 0.43 Mpa
> -2.11
Mpa
X X
+ = < 23.80
Mpa
Hence O.K.

21.72 Mpa -7.18 Mpa 14.55 Mpa

Precast 1st stage Stress due to Stress at 7
Girder stressing after DL of Girder days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 5 days of Casting of Girder
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 23.80 MPa
Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.11 MPa

4.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7257+2x(7325+7421+7518)+7594)/8 = 7422.35 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.709 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.68 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7422.35/3x2.68/100 = 66.23 kN/Cable

Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
5 - 28 days Loss 14 days 336 = 42.00 % of Total Loss
28 - 60 days Loss 32 days 768 = 21.00 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 24.51 kN/Cable
5 - 28 days Loss = 27.82 kN/Cable
28 - 60 days Loss = 13.91 kN/Cable
60 - 90 days Loss = 0.00 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 132.47 kN/Cable
Total = 198.70 kN/Cable
198.703 7.27 %

4.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00007 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c = 1.081 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 7.444 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u= 290.52 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c = 1.756 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.394 m
Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 308.29 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50
Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %

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 These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size of Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage factor member h0 shrinkage kh
strain shrinkage
β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 291 0.066 0.759 0.000064 22.61
60 0.788 308 0.188 0.748 0.000113 17.04
90 0.850 308 0.277 0.748 0.000146 11.64
36500 1.000 308 0.995 0.748 0.000391 85.91
Total 137.193 5.02 %

4.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient α 1 =(43.75/fcm)^0.7 = 0.85
The coefficient α 2 =(43.75/fcm)^0.2 = 0.96
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.53
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa
The coefficient α 3 =(43.75/fcm)^0.5 = 0.89
For temperature greater than 40oC theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 291 1.32 1.867 677.65 0.310 0.638 78.03
60 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.433 0.884 39.45
90 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.497 1.015 14.94
36500 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.994 2.031 111.14
Total 243.56 8.91 %

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4.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Losses:- Shrinkage = 22.61 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 52.33 kN/Cable
Creep = 78.03 kN/Cable
Total = 152.96 kN/Cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 458.89 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 45 Modulus of elasticity E 34313 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.68
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 38.51 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 1.316 Nos
Relaxation = 24.51 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2.25 m
Total = 63.02 kN/Cable
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress dueCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
Section
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.49 0.04 3.22 2.76
End -574.44 0.707 3288.73 3205.81 1.535 6.73
B 9.09 -0.72 0.17 8.55
T 1.29 0.12 2.87 4.28
L/8 -574.44 0.482 3318.22 3235.30 1.176 12.62
B 13.04 -1.27 3.13 14.89
T 0.93 0.30 1.05 2.27
L/4 -574.44 0.287 3347.72 3264.80 0.817 15.49
B 13.64 -1.47 5.27 17.43
T 0.12 0.44 -0.81 -0.25
3L/8 -574.44 0.125 3377.21 3294.29 0.458 19.40
B 14.75 -1.64 7.45 20.56
T 0.43 0.44 -1.40 -0.53
L/2 -574.44 0.125 3424.70 3341.78 0.348 19.91
B 14.55 -1.64 8.21 21.12
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 28 days = (6.73+2x(12.62+15.49+19.4)+19.91)/8 = 15.21 Mpa
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 20.52 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 38.51 kN

0.43 Mpa 0.44 Mpa -1.40 Mpa -0.25 Mpa

> -2.29
Mpa
+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
14.55 Mpa -1.64 Mpa 8.21 Mpa 21.12 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 28 days of Casting of Girder

Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 22.50 MPa

Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.29 MPa

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4.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.91 kN/Cable Relaxation = 41.73 kN/Cable
Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable
Total = 70.39 kN/Cable Total = 98.21 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 70.39 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 98.21 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 340.40 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 129.22 kN
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at Cable CG Stress due Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days loss bet. 28 - from soffit to loss Total Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) 60 days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m )
2
(kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.76 -0.09 2.67 -0.01 2.66
End -340.40 0.961 -10.59 5.87
Bottom 8.55 -0.30 8.25 0.02 8.26
Top of girder 4.28 -0.04 4.24 2.43 6.66
L/8 -340.40 0.695 1536.27 10.00
Bottom 14.89 -0.62 14.27 -2.77 11.50
Top of girder 2.27 0.09 2.36 4.18 6.54
L/4 -340.40 0.449 2649.00 10.82
Bottom 17.43 -0.77 16.66 -4.77 11.88
Top of girder -0.25 0.21 -0.04 5.26 5.21
3L/8 -340.40 0.226 3327.59 12.80
Bottom 20.56 -0.91 19.65 -6.00 13.65
Top of girder -0.53 0.23 -0.30 5.64 5.34
L/2 -340.40 0.193 3572.06 13.03
Bottom 21.12 -0.93 20.19 -6.44 13.75
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 60 days = (5.87+2x(10+10.82+12.8)+13.03)/8 = 10.77 Mpa
-0.53 Mpa 0.23 Mpa 5.64 Mpa 5.34 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa

+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
21.12 Mpa -0.93 Mpa -6.44 Mpa 13.75 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 60 days of Casting of Girder

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4.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 45 Mpa
Ecj = 34.3 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.68
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.475 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm

Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.756 m Area = 2.476 m
4 4
I= 1.231 m I= 1.500 m
CG = 1.646 m CG = 1.509 m
Losses:- Shrinkage = 11.64 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 0.00 kN/Cable
Creep = 14.94 kN/Cable
Total = 26.58 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 114.72 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 114.72 kN
Total Stress
Stress due Loss of CG of Cables Stress due Moment due due to Total Stress at
Section Cables to loss SIDL Stress cable CG
at 60 days from soffit to SIDL
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02
Top of girder 2.66 -0.02 -22.89 -0.01 2.63
End -114.72 0.961 5.81
Bottom 8.26 -0.11 0.02 8.17
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.01
Top of girder 6.66 -0.01 -21.78 -0.01 6.64
L/8 -114.72 0.695 9.87
Bottom 11.50 -0.21 0.03 11.31
Top of slab 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03
Top of girder 6.54 0.00 2.95 0.00 6.55
L/4 -114.72 0.449 10.62
Bottom 11.88 -0.25 0.00 11.63
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.05
Top of girder 5.21 0.01 9.74 0.00 5.23
3L/8 -114.72 0.226 12.54
Bottom 13.65 -0.28 -0.01 13.35
Top of slab 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05
Top of girder 5.34 0.02 1.98 0.00 5.36
L/2 -114.72 0.193 12.76
Bottom 13.75 -0.29 0.00 13.46
Average stress at 90 days = (5.81+2x(9.87+10.62+12.54)+12.76)/8 = 10.58 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.05 0.00 Mpa 0.05 Mpa
5.34 0.02 Mpa 0.00 5.36 Mpa
Mpa Mpa

+ + =

13.75 -0.29 Mpa 0.00 Mpa 13.46 Mpa

Loss of
Resultant Cables Resultant
Stress at between 60 to Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
60 days 90 days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days

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4.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Losses:- Shrinkage = 85.91 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 132.47 kN/Cable
Creep = 111.14 kN/Cable
Total = 329.52 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 1422.12 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 1422.12 kN
Total Stress
Total Stress Loss bet. 90 CG of Cables Stress due at α days Stress at
Section at 90 days days-α days from soffit to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.07 -0.09
Top of girder 2.63 -0.19 2.44
End -1422.12 0.961 4.95
Bottom 8.17 -1.36 6.82
Top of slab -0.01 0.10 0.10
Top of girder 6.64 -0.15 6.49
L/8 -1422.12 0.695 8.02
Bottom 11.31 -2.62 8.69
Top of slab 0.03 0.34 0.37
Top of girder 6.55 0.03 6.57
L/4 -1422.12 0.449 8.15
Bottom 11.63 -3.09 8.54
Top of slab 0.05 0.55 0.60
Top of girder 5.23 0.18 5.41
3L/8 -1422.12 0.226 9.40
Bottom 13.35 -3.51 9.84
Top of slab 0.05 0.58 0.63
Top of girder 5.36 0.20 5.56
L/2 -1422.12 0.193 9.51
Bottom 13.46 -3.57 9.88
Average stress at α days = (4.95+2x(8.02+8.15+9.4)+9.51)/8 = 8.20 Mpa
0.05 Mpa 0.58 0.63 Mpa
5.36 Mpa 0.20 Mpa 5.56 Mpa < 16.2 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

13.46 Mpa -3.57 Mpa 9.88 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Resultant Loss of Resultant
Stress at Cables inbet. Stress at α
90 days 90 to α days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days

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4.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Load Moment Stress due Stress due to at α days
Section without live incl snow 0.6 x Wind to Live Load wind Load with live load
load (Mpa) load(kN-m) load (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.09 0.27 0.00 0.18
Top of girder 2.44 416.37 0.70 0.21 0.00 2.65
End
Bottom 6.82 -0.42 0.00 6.40
Top of slab 0.10 1.45 0.08 1.63
Top of girder 6.49 2156.70 123.84 1.06 0.06 7.61
L/8
Bottom 8.69 -2.88 -0.17 5.64
Top of slab 0.37 2.36 0.13 2.85
Top of girder 6.57 3501.95 190.38 1.72 0.09 8.38
L/4
Bottom 8.54 -4.68 -0.25 3.60
Top of slab 0.60 2.89 0.15 3.64
Top of girder 5.41 4285.98 229.18 2.10 0.11 7.63
3L/8
Bottom 9.84 -5.73 -0.31 3.80
Top of slab 0.63 3.02 0.16 3.82
Top of girder 5.56 4491.69 240.22 2.20 0.12 7.88
L/2
Bottom 9.88 -6.01 -0.32 3.55
0.63 Mpa 3.02 Mpa 3.82 Mpa
5.56 Mpa 2.20 7.88 Mpa < 16.20 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

9.88 Mpa -6.01 Mpa 3.55 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress at Stress due to
Live Load Stress at α
α days days Hence O.K.

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 7.9 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -1.53 Mpa < 0.2 Mpa Hence O.K.

4.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only

Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 1.081 1.801 m2 Area = 1.756 2.476 m2
I= 0.665 0.821 m4 I= 1.231 1.500 m4
CG = 1.199 1.189 m CG = 1.646 1.509 m
Z Top of slab = 1.485 1.553 m3
Z Top = 0.633 0.773 m 3 Z Top = 2.038 2.024 m
3

Zbottom = 0.555 0.691 m3 Zbottom = 0.748 0.994 m3

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Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.10 0.05
Top of girder 0.02 2.31 0.04
End 14.06 10737.19 0.961 -848.81 -2006.46 85.01
Bottom -0.02 6.84 -0.09
Top of slab 0.14 0.31
Top of girder 5.09 1.07 0.22
L/8 3223.59 10834.44 0.695 -848.81 -2006.46 457.35
Bottom -5.81 14.62 -0.61
Top of slab 0.47 0.50
Top of girder 8.42 -2.59 0.36
L/4 5328.45 10960.17 0.449 -848.81 -2006.46 740.88
Bottom -9.60 18.66 -0.99
Top of slab 0.78 0.60
Top of girder 10.47 -6.00 0.44
3L/8 6632.25 11086.87 0.226 -848.81 -2006.46 898.18
Bottom -11.95 22.46 -1.20
Top of slab 0.82 0.63
Top of girder 11.24 -6.59 0.46
L/2 7117.52 11209.96 0.193 -848.81 -2006.46 932.62
Bottom -12.83 23.32 -1.25

Section Live load Wind load - loaded structure Temp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment (kN- Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.27 0.00 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.21 0.00 -0.92 0.86
End 416.37 0.70
Bottom -0.42 0.00 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.45 0.08 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.06 0.06 -0.92 0.86
L/8 2156.70 123.84
Bottom -2.88 -0.17 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 2.36 0.13 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.72 0.09 -0.92 0.86
L/4 3501.95 190.38
Bottom -4.68 -0.25 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 2.89 0.15 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 2.10 0.11 -0.92 0.86
3L/8 4285.98 229.18
Bottom -5.73 -0.31 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 3.02 0.16 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 2.20 0.12 -0.92 0.86
L/2 4491.69 240.22
Bottom -6.01 -0.32 1.83 -2.66

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4.3.8 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)
Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-
ve)

Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-
ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1

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b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.24 0.23 0.17 0.16 3.09
Top of girder 2.15 2.14 2.15 2.14 2.36 2.35 2.30 2.30 1.80
End
Bottom 6.03 6.05 6.03 6.05 5.61 5.63 5.71 5.73 6.71
Top of slab 0.50 0.44 0.55 0.49 2.00 1.94 1.67 1.61 4.80
Top of girder 6.33 6.28 6.36 6.32 7.42 7.38 7.18 7.13 6.83
L/8
Bottom 6.61 6.74 6.51 6.64 3.63 3.75 4.28 4.41 4.83
Top of slab 1.03 0.93 1.10 1.00 3.46 3.36 2.92 2.82 6.23
Top of girder 6.52 6.45 6.58 6.50 8.30 8.22 7.90 7.83 7.69
L/4
Bottom 6.00 6.20 5.85 6.05 1.17 1.37 2.24 2.43 2.42
Top of slab 1.42 1.30 1.52 1.40 4.40 4.28 3.74 3.62 7.16
Top of girder 5.60 5.51 5.67 5.58 7.77 7.68 7.29 7.20 7.15
3L/8
Bottom 6.82 7.06 6.64 6.88 0.90 1.14 2.22 2.46 2.19
Top of slab 1.49 1.37 1.59 1.46 4.61 4.49 3.92 3.80 7.37
Top of girder 5.86 5.77 5.93 5.84 8.13 8.04 7.63 7.54 7.51
L/2
Bottom 6.67 6.92 6.47 6.72 0.47 0.72 1.84 2.09 1.76

Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.08 -1.35 -1.36 4.92 4.91 -2.48 -2.49 4.92 -2.49
Top of girder 1.80 2.87 2.86 1.38 1.38 3.17 3.16 3.17 1.38
End
Bottom 6.72 4.01 4.03 7.54 7.56 3.05 3.07 7.56 3.05
Top of slab 4.74 0.36 0.29 6.34 6.27 -1.07 -1.13 6.34 -1.13
Top of girder 6.79 7.90 7.86 6.20 6.15 7.98 7.94 7.98 6.15
L/8
Bottom 4.95 2.13 2.25 6.28 6.40 1.79 1.91 6.74 1.79
Top of slab 6.13 1.79 1.69 7.54 7.44 0.14 0.04 7.54 0.04
Top of girder 7.61 8.76 8.68 6.89 6.82 8.67 8.60 8.76 6.45
L/4
Bottom 2.62 -0.28 -0.08 4.32 4.52 -0.17 0.03 6.20 -0.28
Top of slab 7.04 2.72 2.59 8.34 8.21 0.93 0.81 8.34 0.81
Top of girder 7.06 8.22 8.13 6.26 6.17 8.04 7.95 8.22 5.51
3L/8
Bottom 2.43 -0.51 -0.27 4.35 4.59 -0.14 0.10 7.06 -0.51
Top of slab 7.24 2.92 2.80 8.51 8.38 1.10 0.98 8.51 0.98
Top of girder 7.42 8.58 8.49 6.59 6.50 8.37 8.28 8.58 5.77
L/2
Bottom 2.01 -0.94 -0.69 3.99 4.24 -0.50 -0.25 6.92 -0.94

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.22 0.21 0.15 0.14 3.07
Top of girder 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.60 2.82 2.81 2.77 2.76 2.27
End
Bottom 7.40 7.41 7.40 7.41 6.98 6.99 7.08 7.10 8.07
Top of slab 0.53 0.47 0.58 0.52 2.03 1.97 1.70 1.64 4.83
Top of girder 6.54 6.50 6.58 6.53 7.63 7.59 7.39 7.35 7.05
L/8
Bottom 9.54 9.66 9.44 9.56 6.55 6.67 7.21 7.33 7.75
Top of slab 1.12 1.02 1.20 1.10 3.56 3.46 3.02 2.92 6.33
Top of girder 6.00 5.93 6.06 5.99 7.78 7.70 7.39 7.31 7.17
L/4
Bottom 9.74 9.93 9.58 9.78 4.90 5.10 5.97 6.17 6.15
Top of slab 1.58 1.46 1.67 1.55 4.56 4.44 3.90 3.78 7.31
Top of girder 4.40 4.31 4.47 4.38 6.57 6.48 6.09 6.00 5.95
3L/8
Bottom 11.31 11.55 11.13 11.37 5.40 5.64 6.71 6.95 6.68

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Top of slab 1.66 1.53 1.75 1.63 4.78 4.65 4.09 3.96 7.53
Top of girder 4.54 4.45 4.61 4.52 6.82 6.72 6.31 6.22 6.19
L/2
Bottom 11.33 11.58 11.14 11.39 5.13 5.38 6.50 6.75 6.42

Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.06 -1.37 -1.38 4.90 4.89 -2.50 -2.51 4.90 -2.51
Top of girder 2.26 3.34 3.33 1.85 1.84 3.63 3.62 3.63 1.84
End
Bottom 8.09 5.38 5.40 8.91 8.93 4.42 4.44 8.93 4.42
Top of slab 4.77 0.38 0.32 6.36 6.30 -1.04 -1.10 6.36 -1.10
Top of girder 7.00 8.11 8.07 6.41 6.37 8.19 8.15 8.19 6.37
L/8
Bottom 7.87 5.05 5.18 9.20 9.32 4.71 4.83 9.66 4.71
Top of slab 6.23 1.88 1.78 7.64 7.54 0.23 0.13 7.64 0.13
Top of girder 7.10 8.24 8.17 6.37 6.30 8.15 8.08 8.24 5.93
L/4
Bottom 6.35 3.46 3.65 8.05 8.25 3.56 3.76 9.93 3.46
Top of slab 7.19 2.87 2.75 8.49 8.37 1.09 0.97 8.49 0.97
Top of girder 5.86 7.02 6.93 5.06 4.97 6.84 6.75 7.02 4.31
3L/8
Bottom 6.92 3.98 4.22 8.84 9.08 4.35 4.59 11.55 3.98
Top of slab 7.40 3.09 2.96 8.67 8.55 1.27 1.14 8.67 1.14
Top of girder 6.10 7.26 7.17 5.27 5.18 7.05 6.96 7.26 4.45
L/2
Bottom 6.67 3.73 3.98 8.65 8.90 4.16 4.41 11.58 3.73
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.48 x fck = 21.60 Mpa > 11.6 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -2.29 Mpa < -0.94 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile force = -542.42 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 1965.3 mm2 Ast provided= 3365.99 mm
Hence Provide 10 T @ 140 c/c +10 T @ 140 c/c at top

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4.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load
1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)

Load
5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Load
7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-
ve)

Load
11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)
Case
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-
ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

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b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.17 0.16 0.03 0.02 2.55
Top of girder 2.15 2.14 2.15 2.14 2.30 2.30 2.19 2.18 1.84
End
Bottom 6.03 6.05 6.03 6.05 5.71 5.73 5.95 5.96 6.63
Top of slab 0.50 0.44 0.55 0.49 1.63 1.57 0.84 0.78 3.96
Top of girder 6.33 6.28 6.36 6.32 7.15 7.10 6.57 6.53 6.66
L/8
Bottom 6.61 6.74 6.51 6.64 4.37 4.49 5.94 6.06 5.36
Top of slab 1.03 0.93 1.10 1.00 2.86 2.76 1.57 1.47 5.17
Top of girder 6.52 6.45 6.58 6.50 7.86 7.78 6.92 6.85 7.35
L/4
Bottom 6.00 6.20 5.85 6.05 2.36 2.56 4.91 5.11 3.41
Top of slab 1.42 1.30 1.52 1.40 3.67 3.54 2.09 1.97 5.96
Top of girder 5.60 5.51 5.67 5.58 7.23 7.15 6.09 6.00 6.72
3L/8
Bottom 6.82 7.06 6.64 6.88 2.37 2.61 5.49 5.73 3.44
Top of slab 1.49 1.37 1.59 1.46 3.84 3.72 2.19 2.07 6.13
Top of girder 5.86 5.77 5.93 5.84 7.57 7.48 6.37 6.28 7.05
L/2
Bottom 6.67 6.92 6.47 6.72 2.00 2.25 5.27 5.52 3.07

Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.54 -1.15 -1.17 2.88 2.86 -1.57 -1.58 2.88 -1.58
Top of girder 1.84 2.74 2.73 1.64 1.63 2.71 2.70 2.74 1.63
End
Bottom 6.65 4.38 4.40 7.04 7.06 4.35 4.37 7.06 4.35
Top of slab 3.90 0.26 0.20 3.64 3.58 -0.81 -0.87 3.96 -0.87
Top of girder 6.61 7.55 7.50 5.99 5.94 7.05 7.01 7.55 5.94
L/8
Bottom 5.49 3.12 3.24 7.13 7.26 4.44 4.56 7.26 3.12
Top of slab 5.07 1.47 1.37 4.35 4.25 -0.10 -0.20 5.17 -0.20
Top of girder 7.28 8.24 8.17 6.31 6.24 7.38 7.31 8.24 6.24
L/4
Bottom 3.60 1.16 1.36 6.16 6.36 3.47 3.67 6.36 1.16
Top of slab 5.84 2.26 2.14 4.85 4.73 0.41 0.29 5.96 0.29
Top of girder 6.63 7.61 7.52 5.47 5.38 6.54 6.45 7.61 5.38
3L/8
Bottom 3.68 1.19 1.43 6.77 7.01 4.08 4.32 7.06 1.19
Top of slab 6.01 2.43 2.31 4.95 4.82 0.50 0.38 6.13 0.38
Top of girder 6.96 7.94 7.85 5.75 5.66 6.82 6.72 7.94 5.66
L/2
Bottom 3.32 0.83 1.08 6.56 6.81 3.87 4.12 6.92 0.83

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.00 2.53
Top of girder 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.60 2.77 2.76 2.65 2.65 2.31
End
Bottom 7.40 7.41 7.40 7.41 7.08 7.10 7.31 7.33 8.00
Top of slab 0.53 0.47 0.58 0.52 1.66 1.60 0.87 0.81 3.99
Top of girder 6.54 6.50 6.58 6.53 7.36 7.32 6.79 6.74 6.87
L/8
Bottom 9.54 9.66 9.44 9.56 7.29 7.41 8.86 8.98 8.29
Top of slab 1.12 1.02 1.20 1.10 2.95 2.85 1.67 1.57 5.26
Top of girder 6.00 5.93 6.06 5.99 7.34 7.27 6.40 6.33 6.83
L/4
Bottom 9.74 9.93 9.58 9.78 6.10 6.29 8.65 8.84 7.14
Top of slab 1.58 1.46 1.67 1.55 3.82 3.70 2.25 2.13 6.12
Top of girder 4.40 4.31 4.47 4.38 6.03 5.94 4.89 4.80 5.52
3L/8
Bottom 11.31 11.55 11.13 11.37 6.86 7.10 9.98 10.22 7.93
Top of slab 1.66 1.53 1.75 1.63 4.01 3.88 2.36 2.23 6.30
Top of girder 4.54 4.45 4.61 4.52 6.25 6.16 5.05 4.96 5.73
L/2
Bottom 11.33 11.58 11.14 11.39 6.66 6.91 9.94 10.19 7.74

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 Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.52 -1.17 -1.19 2.85 2.84 -1.59 -1.60 2.85 -1.60
Top of girder 2.30 3.20 3.19 2.10 2.09 3.17 3.16 3.20 2.09
End
Bottom 8.01 5.75 5.77 8.41 8.43 5.72 5.73 8.43 5.72
Top of slab 3.93 0.29 0.23 3.67 3.60 -0.78 -0.84 3.99 -0.84
Top of girder 6.83 7.76 7.72 6.20 6.15 7.27 7.22 7.76 6.15
L/8
Bottom 8.41 6.04 6.16 10.06 10.18 7.36 7.48 10.18 6.04
Top of slab 5.16 1.56 1.46 4.44 4.34 0.00 -0.10 5.26 -0.10
Top of girder 6.76 7.72 7.65 5.80 5.72 6.86 6.79 7.72 5.72
L/4
Bottom 7.34 4.89 5.09 9.90 10.09 7.20 7.40 10.09 4.89
Top of slab 6.00 2.41 2.29 5.00 4.88 0.56 0.44 6.12 0.44
Top of girder 5.43 6.41 6.32 4.27 4.18 5.34 5.25 6.41 4.18
3L/8
Bottom 8.17 5.68 5.92 11.26 11.50 8.57 8.81 11.55 5.68
Top of slab 6.17 2.60 2.47 5.11 4.98 0.67 0.54 6.30 0.54
Top of girder 5.64 6.62 6.53 4.43 4.34 5.50 5.41 6.62 4.34
L/2
Bottom 7.99 5.49 5.74 11.23 11.48 8.53 8.78 11.58 5.49

Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 11.6 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 0.83 Mpa Hence O.K.

4.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Grade of concrete = M45 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 34313 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 20.10 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3000 0.00350 20.10
225 11394 kN
267.10
NA NA
2475 300

193 250 0.0264 11394 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
750
Top width of girder = 3000 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 193 mm
Depth of girder = 2475 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1546 mm Actual neutral axis depth 267.10 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.02640 The Section is under reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 11394 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 11394 kN
Compressive force CG 111.11 mm Moment of resistance = 24734 kNm
> 18339 kNm Hence O.K.
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 101 8573 14028 17298 18339
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 7938 8035 8161 8287 8410
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00502 0.00509 0.00517 0.00525 0.00532
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 961 695 449 226 193
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 253 267 267 267 267
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0225 0.0249 0.0282 0.0312 0.0317
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 18571 22503 25814 28818 29266
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Factor of Safety associated with failure 184.20 2.62 1.84 1.67 1.60

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4.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 63.82 kN 2.3 %
Relaxation 24.51 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 38.51 kN 1.4 % 38.51 kN 1.4 %
Shrinkage 22.61 kN 0.8 %
Relaxation 52.33 kN 1.9 % 24.51 kN 0.9 %
Creep 78.03 kN 2.9 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 17.04 kN 0.6 % 17.04 kN 0.6 %
Relaxation 13.91 kN 0.5 % 41.73 kN 1.5 %
Creep 39.45 kN 1.4 % 39.45 kN 1.4 %
At 90 days
Shrinkage 11.64 kN 0.4 % 11.64 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 14.94 kN 0.5 % 14.94 kN 0.5 %
At α days
Shrinkage 85.91 kN 3.1 % 85.91 kN 3.1 %
Relaxation 132.47 kN 4.8 % 132.47 kN 4.8 %
Creep 111.14 kN 4.1 % 111.14 kN 4.1 %
Total 706.29 kN/cable 25.8 % 517.33 kN 18.9 %
Total loss 2799.57 kN

Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)

Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.22 3.22 3.22 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of
cable 1 to 312.67 316.62 322.25 154.10 0.00
3

Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 2257 1721 1244 744 348
Moment 101 8573 14028 17298 18339

4.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement

i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 45 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, NEd = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 7937.6 8034.9 8160.6 8287.3 8410.4
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1289 1555 1801 2024 2057
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
K 1.363 1.335 1.314 1.298 1.296
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.007 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.012
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1227.0 642.5 710.3 771.0 780.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8

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ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.53 Mpa
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress
7937.6 8034.9 8160.6 8287.3 8410.4
Force
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of
Effective
1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
Depthdue
Stress of
4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
to
Design
1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53
tensile
First
3.49E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09
moment
Transmiss
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ion length
Moment
1.5E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12
of Inertia
Design
939.3 457.3 457.3 457.3 457.3
Shear
iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 4.18 8.35 12.53 16.70
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 2257.4 1720.8 1243.9 743.6 347.6
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 312.7 316.6 322.3 154.1 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1944.8 1404.1 921.6 589.5 347.6
Precast member Area (m2) 1.80 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08
Zb (m3) 0.69 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
Composite member Area (m2) 2.48 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76
Zb (m3) 0.99 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.7315 1.3526 -2.7736 -6.6096 -7.2590
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 939.32 457.33 556.90 614.28 622.83
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5854 2753 3133 3477 3529
Not Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required Required
Required Required

iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::

The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M45
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 20.1 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00097 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60

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 Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1944.8 1404.1 921.6 589.5 347.6
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.63 1.97 2.27 2.53 2.57
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) -1.24E+127 23.66 30.51 22.38 22.38 22.38
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.72 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 5.027 3.217 1.810 1.810 1.810
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accountin
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
capacity
Differenc
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
e in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 6502.99 3750.24 3462.92 3865.91 3926.08
Factor of Safety associated with failure 3.34 2.67 3.76 6.56 11.30
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 2219.09 1191.46 1119.09 715.80 422.04
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 2280.94 5532.44 7311.35 7555.37 7561.89
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.

4.6. Anchor Block

Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's Catalog
Size of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 39.59 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 31.67 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2443.65 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.20 N/mm < 19.00 N/mm Hence O.K.

Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2443.65 = 381.21 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1007.79 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm

Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1011.164 mm
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm2
2
Ast 1759.425 mm
Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing
2
Ast 3216.991 mm

Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
351.885 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm

Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.

Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing

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 Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))
Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2639.302 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 116.7693 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 19.45 N/m
2
> 0.80 N/m
Hence OK

4.7. Interface Shear Design for Composite section

The shear stress that arises between the interfaces of concrete placed at different times is reffered to as interface
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinforcement placed across the shear plane.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z= Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M45
µ= friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ= As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area of the joint
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α= the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 20.10 Mpa

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 1944.76 1404.14 921.61 589.49 347.56
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Interface Width bi ( mm) 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 1.08 0.64 0.37 0.21 0.12
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 10 10 10 10 10
Number of legs provided 4 4 4 4 4
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 1875 1875 1875 1875 1875
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27 2513.27
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 281250 281250 281250 281250 281250
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

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 4.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2250 = 1215 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 1.08125 m2
=0.15%x1.08x1000000 = 1621.875 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 675 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 810 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 810 mm /m
Hence O.K.
4.9 Calculation for Deflection of Longitudinal girders
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.33E+07 kN/m2
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.189 1.199 1.199 1.199 1.199
Moment 0.821 0.665 0.665 0.665 0.665
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Moment -3491.25 -5252.11 -6765.55 -8074.56 -8156.17
Moment -5.63 1777.70 3005.92 3746.21 3981.80
Total
moment -3496.9 -3474.4 -3759.6 -4328.3 -4174.4
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00016 -0.00017 -0.00020 -0.00019

4.18 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
-0.00016 2 -0.00020
-0.000128 4 3 -0.000170 -0.000189
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 5 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 4.175 2.088 -0.00016 -0.00014 -0.001242
C 3 4.175 6.263 -0.00017 -0.00016 -0.004273
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.00020 -0.00018 -0.007962
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.00019 -0.00019 -0.011718
Total -0.025194
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -25 mm
= - L/ 1326

(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days

Young Modulus = 3.43E+07 Mpa
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Moment 1110.02 -75.23 -1248.00 -2441.94 -2843.63
Moment 276.35 411.89 523.70 616.94 616.98
Total 1386.4 336.7 -724.3 -1825.0 -2226.7
M/EI 0.000049 0.000015 -0.000032 -0.000080 -0.000098

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 4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
2
0.0000147 -0.0000799
0.0000492 4 3 -0.000032 -0.0000975
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 28 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000492
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000147 0.0000320 0.0002787
C 3 4.175 6.263 -0.000032 -0.0000085 -0.000222
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.000080 -0.0000558 -0.002433
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.000098 -0.0000887 -0.005413
Total -0.007789
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -7.789 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -32.983 mm = - L/ 1013
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Loss 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399
Moment 77.501 171.749 255.289 331.088 342.405
Moment -9.760 1132.926 1956.958 2462.337 2649.063
Total 67.741 1304.675 2212.247 2793.425 2991.467
M/EI 0.0000024 0.0000571 0.0000969 0.0001223 0.00013
4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000571 0.0001223
4 0.0000969 0.0001310
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 60 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000024
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000571 0.0000298 0.0002595 0.00143
C 3 4.175 6.263 0.0000969 0.0000770 0.0020137
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0001223 0.0001096 0.0047768
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0001310 0.0001267 0.0077285
Total 0.0147784
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 14.778 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-32.983+14.778 = -18.205 mm

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 (iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.509 1.646 1.646 1.646 1.646
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Moment 1.500 1.231 1.231 1.231 1.231
Loss 1536.841 1536.841 1536.841 1536.841 1536.84
Moment 841.819 1462.632 1839.797 2182.015 2233.1
Total 841.819 1462.632 1839.797 2182.015 2233.1
M/EI 0.0000164 0.0000346 0.0000436 0.0000517 0.00005
4.175 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000346 0.0000517
4 0.0000436 0.0000529
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000164
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000346 0.0000255 0.0002222 0.00069
C 3 4.175 6.263 0.0000436 0.0000391 0.0010223
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0000517 0.0000476 0.0020749
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0000529 0.0000523 0.003189
Total 0.0065084
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 6.508 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 7.149 mm L/ 4672

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5.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG2 = 34.400 m
5.1. Load calculation
5.1.1 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Precast girder only
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 1.081 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.801 m
Unit Weight at span = 27.03 kN/m
Unit Weight at support = 45.02 kN/m
Thickness of intermediate Cross Girder = 0.30 m
Thickness of end Cross Girder = 0.60 m
1.250 1.750 1.250

0.475 0.2
0.1 0.053

2.25 1.800 1.450

0.25
0.25

0.225 0.225
0.75 2.250 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.08-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 12.05 kN
Part of End cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.80-0.75x0.25)}x0.6x25 = 13.30 kN
= 13.30 kN
= 12.05 kN = 12.05 kN
45.02 45.02
27.03
0.500 2.00 2.00 25.40 2.00 2.00 0.500

0.500 33.400 0.500

11.1 34.400
Support Reaction = 553.24 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Dist. for prop. Section(m) 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Shear Force (kN) 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
5.1.2 Construction load and weight of shuttering & proping.
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
Assume, UDL for weight of shuttering = 5.000 kN/m
Effective width of deck slab for end girder = 3.000 m
Weight of shuttering & Conc. Live load = 6.500 kN/m
6.500

0.500 33.40 0.500

Support Reaction = 111.80 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections of outer girders
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -0.8 395.7 679.0 848.9 905.6
Shear 108.6 81.4 54.3 27.1 0.0

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5.1.3 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Deck slab & X-girder
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m2
Thickness of deck slab at expansion joint = 0.400 m
Average width of deck slab at support = 3.000 m
Wt. of End X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.6x25 = 26.250 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.3x25 = 13.125 kN
= 26.250 = 13.125 = 26.250
0.5
16.875 13.13 kN/m

0.800 33.40 0.800

Support Reaction = 334.69 kN

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections

Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -9.0 1047.9 1810.6 2279.2 2453.7
Shear 288.4 217.9 147.5 77.0 6.6

5.1.4 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force for outer girder
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 4.30 8.60 12.90 17.20
Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
1 SEISMIC X DIR 54.339 -48.766 69.440 76.248 70.416
2 SEISMIC Y DIR -32.381 -150.090 249.863 -310.242 324.192
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 1.444 5.318 10.090 -12.121 12.889
Precast girder only -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Construction load -0.8 395.7 679.0 848.9 905.6
Deck slab & X-girder -9.0 1047.9 1810.6 2279.2 2453.7
Crash Baarrier 24.7 316.4 505.1 690.1 675.3
Total wt of deck slab = 10.1 3142.0 5321.7 6715.5 7110.8
SIDL from staad output 88.9 411.8 625.0 752.8 794.8
Removal of shutter -107.1 -475.6 -737.4 -888.3 -928.3
Footpath live load -7.1 -50.3 -84.8 -102.0 -101.27
Live load 464.2 1818.1 2395.7 2902.3 3165.8
Total Live Load 464.2 1818.1 2395.7 2902.3 3165.8
Wind load (unloaded structure) 0.7 237.7 369.3 445.0 464.67
Wind load (loaded structure) 0.6 204.1 317.0 381.9 398.8
Construction load (1.5kN/m2) -0.2 91.3 156.7 195.9 209.0
Total Live 464.2 1818.1 2395.7 2902.3 3165.8

b) Shear force (kN) For SIDL & Live load - Refer STAAD Output
Desription At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
1 SEISMIC X DIR 12.5 11.0 7.8 6.8 9.3
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 30.5 27.8 22.4 9.1 0.1
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.9 1.4
Precast girder only 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
Deck slab & X-girder 288.4 217.9 147.5 77.0 6.6
Crash Baarrier 58.7 8.5 -7.8 -9.1 -0.1
Total DL 864.5 581.8 377.4 135.7 6.4
SIDL from staad output -33.5 25.1 0.9 8.7 0.1
Footpath live load 30.5 -11.0 -65.5 23.1 -1.6 14.2875
Live load incl. snow load 532.7 352.9 226.8 428.8 287.8
Total Live Load incl.snow load 532.7 352.9 226.8 428.8 287.8
Wind load (unloaded structure) 30.5 -27.8 51.5 11.4 -1.4
Wind load (loaded structure) -1.7 1.4 45.8 12.5 -6.8
Construction load 25.1 18.8 12.5 6.3 0.0
Total 2820.2 1857.0 1241.0 1184.6 578.8

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5.1.5 Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5

a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 865.5 7689.5 11871.6 14736.7 15739.4
2 (a) 170.1 5268.4 8753.5 10956.1 11588.8
2 (b) 99.9 3859.8 6422.1 8041.1 8503.9
3 (a) 866.0 7873.1 12156.9 15080.3 16098.3
3 (b) 795.8 6464.6 9825.6 12165.3 13013.3
4 (a) 703.9 7359.2 11508.6 14293.7 15229.5
4 (b) 633.7 5950.7 9177.2 11378.7 12144.6
5 (a) 796.4 7600.4 11797.5 14645.0 15623.4
5 (b) 726.2 6191.9 9466.2 11730.0 12538.5
7 (a) 329.6 5187.6 8978.3 10933.1 11881.1
7 (b) 274.1 5244.4 8916.0 10840.3 11820.7
7 (c) 238.6 5081.2 9167.8 10527.2 12147.6
7 (d) 259.4 3779.1 6647.0 8018.0 8796.2
7 (e) 203.9 3835.9 6584.7 7925.3 8735.8
7 (f) 168.4 3672.7 6836.4 7612.2 9062.6
Maximum 99.9 7873.1 12156.9 15080.3 16098.3

b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 1907.6 1358.7 851.2 841.5 440.6
2 (a) 1105.9 831.4 579.8 217.2 -1.4
2 (b) 828.5 609.0 447.0 163.2 -3.7
3 (a) 1906.1 1359.9 892.5 852.8 434.5
3 (b) 1628.6 1137.4 759.7 798.8 432.1
4 (a) 1718.6 1237.2 840.6 710.3 329.6
4 (b) 1441.1 1014.8 707.8 656.3 327.3
5 (a) 1826.1 1307.0 858.4 788.5 391.3
5 (b) 1548.7 1084.5 725.7 734.5 389.0
7 (a) 1248.2 929.6 578.7 299.4 81.1
7 (b) 1236.9 919.4 571.4 294.2 72.8
7 (c) 1267.1 947.2 593.9 301.7 71.4
7 (d) 970.8 707.1 445.9 245.4 78.8
7 (e) 959.4 697.0 438.6 240.2 70.5
7 (f) 989.6 724.8 461.2 247.8 69.0
Maximum 1907.6 1359.9 892.5 852.8 440.6

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5.1.6 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1

5.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 3981.80 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 2453.72 kN-m
SIDL = 794.85 kN-m
Wind load = 239.28 kN-m
Live Load = 3165.82 kN-m
Total Moment = 10635.5 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.756 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 1.231 m4
CG from bottom = 1.646 m
Z Bottom = 0.748 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.193 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.453 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 2.96
Say, No of Cables Provided = 4.32

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5.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss

0.400

5 0.375

X X X 4 0.375
2.25
5 3 0.375

4 0.180 2 0.375

1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 16.700
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18

0.15 17.200

Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.400
0.375 5
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 5.800 4.50 3.50 2.900
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+5.8-0.15)} = 2.095 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5-0.15)} = 3.225 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 3.942 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.727 o
Vertical bending of Cable 5 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.510 o
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Horizontal bending of Cable 1 2.944 o
Horizontal bending of Cable 2 2.944 o
Position of Cable
Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 6.150 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 10.650 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 14.150 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 14.150 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 1.85 14.150 0.000 0.485

Start of Horizontal Bending End of Horizontal Bending Midspan

Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 6.150 0.000 0.125 10.650 0.180 0.125 17.050 0.180 0.125
2 6.150 0.000 0.379 10.650 -0.180 0.125 17.050 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.485

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C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050 Distance from
Cable 1 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485
Friction & Slip Loss
Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
2
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands (Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7)= 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
(µφ+kl) (µφ+kl)
P(je)=P(x)e or P(x)=P(je)/e

Cable 1 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2476.02
1-2 6.154 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.47 2509.45
2-3 4.504 3.614 0.063 1.0199
3 2646.74 2562.18
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2590.35 2590.35

6.154 4.504 6.400

2732.90 2699.47 2646.74
1 2 3 2590.35
= 4
= 2562.18 2604.46
4.798
2476.02 2509.45
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2604.462 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.798 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.115 m
Extension of cable at each side = 130.33 mm
Cable 2 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in (µφ+kl)
Node Link Angle (φ) Radian e friction loss slip loss
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2470.80
1-2 6.160 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.44 2504.26
2-3 4.511 4.366 0.076 1.0222
3 2640.77 2562.94
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2584.50 2584.50
6.160 4.511 6.400
2732.90 2699.44
1 2 2640.77 2584.50
= 3
= 2601.85 4
2504.26 2562.94
2470.80 4.426
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss

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Assume Force of zero slip = 2601.85 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.426 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.32 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.32 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.141 m
Extension of cable = 130.29 mm
Cable 3 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in (µφ+kl)
Node Link Angle (φ) Radian e friction loss slip loss
meter
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2507.46
1-2 14.184 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.47 2583.90
2-3 2.900 3.942 0.069 1.0176
3 2610.40 2610.40
14.184 2.900
2732.90 2656.47
1 2 2610.40
= 3
= 2620.18
2583.90 2.284
2507.46
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2620.184 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.284 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.184+2.9)x2 = 34.167 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.27 mm

Cable 4 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2506.92
1-2 14.198 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.39 2583.43
2-3 2.900 4.727 0.082 1.0200
3 2604.25 2604.25
14.198 2.900
2732.90 2656.39
1 2 2604.25
= 3
= 2619.91
2583.43 2.029
2506.92
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2619.91 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.029 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.198+2.9)x2 = 34.197 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.36 mm

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Cable5 6 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 863.02 791.52
1-2 14.216 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 838.83 815.72
2-3 2.900 5.510 0.096 1.0224
3 820.46 820.46
14.216 2.900
863.02 838.83
1 2 820.46
= 3
= 827.27
815.72 1.824
791.52
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 827.2737 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 1.824 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 693.576 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 693.576 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 693.58-693.58 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.216+2.9)x2 = 34.231 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.46 mm

5.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.095 2.095 2.095 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.225 3.225 3.225 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2509.35 2531.85 2554.35 2576.85 2610.40
Vert. angle 3.942 3.942 3.942 3.942 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Normal 7448.47 7516.22 7612.46 7709.66 7785.25
at first stage
CG of Cable 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 402.18 405.83 410.84 177.14 0.00
Cable 4 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.727 4.727 4.727 4.727 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 792.12 799.23 806.33 813.43 820.46
Vert. angle 5.510 5.510 5.510 5.510 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G.
Total cable
1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485
forces 2nd
3288.73 3318.22 3347.72 3377.21 3424.70
stage
CG of Cable 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Total cable
forces Per.
282.80 285.33 287.87 290.40 0.00
Overall CG
of Cable 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
% loss 15.5 % 14.7 % 13.6 % 12.7 % 11.9 %

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5.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End
Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 34.115 130.33
Cable 2 34.141 130.29
Cable 3 34.167 131.27
Cable 4 34.197 131.36
Cable 5 34.231 131.46
5.3 Stress Calculation of girder
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
5.3.1 Loss calculation
5.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 45
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 55 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 49.59 Mpa
f ck (t) = 39.59 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 33.26 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.86
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.250 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 63.82 kN/Cable
2.34 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 5 days :-
Section Cable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.48 -0.01 -0.49
End 7448.47 7257.02 0.707 -5.63 6.08
B 9.09 0.01 9.09
T -1.52 2.81 1.29
L/8 7516.22 7324.77 0.482 1777.70 10.52
B 16.24 -3.20 13.04
T -3.82 4.75 0.93
L/4 7612.46 7421.00 0.287 3005.92 12.01
B 19.05 -5.42 13.64
T -5.80 5.92 0.12
3L/8 7709.66 7518.21 0.125 3746.21 13.94
B 21.50 -6.75 14.75
T -5.86 6.29 0.43
L/2 7785.25 7593.80 0.125 3981.80 13.76
B 21.72 -7.18 14.55

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 Average stress fc = (6.08+2x(10.52+12.01+13.94)+13.76)/8 = 11.60 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 34.00 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 63.82 kN
-5.86 Mpa 6.29 Mpa 0.43 Mpa
> -2.11
Mpa
X X
+ = < 23.80
Mpa
Hence O.K.

21.72 Mpa -7.18 Mpa 14.55 Mpa

Precast to 1st stage Stress due Stress at 7
Girder stressing to DL of days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 5 days of Casting of Girder
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 23.80 MPa
Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.11 MPa

5.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7257+2x(7325+7421+7518)+7594)/8 = 7422.35 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.709 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.68 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7422.35/3x2.68/100 = 66.23 kN/Cable

Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
5 - 28 days Loss 14 days 336 = 42.00 % of Total Loss
28 - 60 days Loss 32 days 768 = 21.00 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 24.51 kN/Cable
5 - 28 days Loss = 27.82 kN/Cable
28 - 60 days Loss = 13.91 kN/Cable
60 - 90 days Loss = 0.00 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 132.47 kN/Cable
Total = 198.70 kN/Cable
198.703 7.27 %

5.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00007 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa

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 Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c 2
= 1.081 m Perimeter in contact with air u = 7.444 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u = 290.52 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c 2
= 1.756 m Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.394 m
Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 308.29 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50
Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %
These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage factor of member h0 shrinkage kh
strain shrinkage
β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 291 0.066 0.759 0.000064 22.61
60 0.788 308 0.188 0.748 0.000113 17.04
90 0.850 308 0.277 0.748 0.000146 11.64
36500 1.000 308 0.995 0.748 0.000391 85.91
Total 137.193 5.02 %

5.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient α 1 =(43.75/fcm)^0.7 = 0.85
The coefficient α 2 =(43.75/fcm)^0.2 = 0.96
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.53
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa

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 The coefficient α 3 =(43.75/fcm)^0.5 = 0.89
o
For temperature greater than 40 C theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 291 1.32 1.867 677.65 0.310 0.638 78.03
60 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.433 0.884 39.45
90 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.497 1.015 15.19
36500 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.994 2.031 113.99
Total 246.65 9.03 %
5.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Losses:- Shrinkage = 22.61 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 52.33 kN/Cable
Creep = 78.03 kN/Cable
Total = 152.96 kN/Cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 458.89 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 45 Modulus of elasticity E 34313 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.68
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 38.51 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 1.316 Nos
Relaxation = 24.51 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2.25 m
Total = 63.02 kN/Cable
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at 5 loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress due Cable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
After fr.,
Section
After fr. & slip & ES
slip loss loss
T -0.49 0.04 3.22 2.76
End -574.44 0.707 3288.73 3205.81 1.535 6.73
B 9.09 -0.72 0.17 8.55
T 1.29 0.12 2.87 4.28
L/8 -574.44 0.482 3318.22 3235.30 1.176 12.62
B 13.04 -1.27 3.13 14.89
T 0.93 0.30 1.05 2.27
L/4 -574.44 0.287 3347.72 3264.80 0.817 15.49
B 13.64 -1.47 5.27 17.43
T 0.12 0.44 -0.81 -0.25
3L/8 -574.44 0.125 3377.21 3294.29 0.458 19.40
B 14.75 -1.64 7.45 20.56
T 0.43 0.44 -1.40 -0.53
L/2 -574.44 0.125 3424.70 3341.78 0.348 19.91
B 14.55 -1.64 8.21 21.12

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 Average stress σs at CG of cables for 28 days = (6.73+2x(12.62+15.49+19.4)+19.91)/8 = 15.21 Mpa
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 20.52 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 38.51 kN

0.43 Mpa 0.44 Mpa -1.40 Mpa -0.25 Mpa

> -2.29
Mpa
+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
14.55 Mpa -1.64 Mpa 8.21 Mpa 21.12 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 28 days of Casting of Girder

Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 22.50 MPa

Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.29 MPa

5.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.91 kN/Cable Relaxation = 41.73 kN/Cable
Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable
Total = 70.39 kN/Cable Total = 98.21 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 70.39 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 98.21 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 340.40 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 129.22 kN
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at Cable CG Stress due Total Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days loss bet. 28 - from soffit to loss Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) 60 days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m2) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.76 -0.09 2.67 -0.01 2.66
End -340.40 0.961 -9.82 5.87
Bottom 8.55 -0.30 8.25 0.01 8.26
Top of girder 4.28 -0.04 4.24 2.28 6.52
L/8 -340.40 0.695 1443.62 10.07
Bottom 14.89 -0.62 14.27 -2.60 11.66
Top of girder 2.27 0.09 2.36 3.93 6.29
L/4 -340.40 0.449 2489.62 11.00
Bottom 17.43 -0.77 16.66 -4.49 12.17
Top of girder -0.25 0.21 -0.04 4.94 4.90
3L/8 -340.40 0.226 3128.18 13.09
Bottom 20.56 -0.91 19.65 -5.64 14.01
Top of girder -0.53 0.23 -0.30 5.31 5.00
L/2 -340.40 0.193 3359.30 13.35
Bottom 21.12 -0.93 20.19 -6.05 14.13
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 60 days = (5.87+2x(10.07+11+13.09)+13.35)/8 = 10.94 Mpa
-0.53 Mpa 0.23 Mpa 5.31 Mpa 5.00 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa

+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
21.12 Mpa -0.93 Mpa -6.05 Mpa 14.13 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 28 loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 60 days of Casting of Girder

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5.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 45 Mpa
Ecj = 34.3 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.68
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.475 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm

Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.756 m Area = 2.476 m
4 4
I= 1.231 m I= 1.500 m
CG = 1.646 m CG = 1.509 m
Losses:- Shrinkage = 11.64 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 0.00 kN/Cable
Creep = 15.19 kN/Cable
Total = 26.83 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 115.77 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 115.77 kN
Total CG of Moment Stress
Stress due Loss of Cables Stress due due to due to Total Stress at
Section Cables to loss SIDL Stress cable CG
at 60 days from soffit SIDL
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02
Top of girder 2.66 -0.02 -18.21 -0.01 2.64
End -115.77 0.961 5.81
Bottom 8.26 -0.11 0.02 8.17
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 -0.04 -0.03
Top of girder 6.52 -0.01 -63.86 -0.03 6.47
L/8 -115.77 0.695 9.97
Bottom 11.66 -0.21 0.09 11.54
Top of slab 0.00 0.03 -0.08 -0.05
Top of girder 6.29 0.00 -112.39 -0.06 6.24
L/4 -115.77 0.449 10.91
Bottom 12.17 -0.25 0.15 12.07
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 -0.09 -0.05
Top of girder 4.90 0.01 -135.52 -0.07 4.85
3L/8 -115.77 0.226 12.99
Bottom 14.01 -0.29 0.18 13.90
Top of slab 0.00 0.05 -0.09 -0.04
Top of girder 5.00 0.02 -133.45 -0.07 4.96
L/2 -115.77 0.193 13.24
Bottom 14.13 -0.29 0.18 14.02
Average stress at 90 days = (5.81+2x(9.97+10.91+12.99)+13.24)/8 = 10.85 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.05 -0.09 Mpa -0.04 Mpa
5.00 0.02 Mpa -0.07 4.96 Mpa
Mpa Mpa

+ + =

14.13 -0.29 Mpa 0.18 Mpa 14.02 Mpa

Loss of
Cables Resultant
between 60 to Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
Resultant Stress at 60 days 90 days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days

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5.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Losses:- Shrinkage = 85.91 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 132.47 kN/Cable
Creep = 113.99 kN/Cable
Total = 332.37 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 1434.43 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 1434.43 kN
CG of Total Stress
Section Total Stress Loss bet. 90 Cables Stress due at α days Stress at
at 90 days days-α days from soffit to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) (kN) (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.07 -0.09
Top of girder 2.64 -0.19 2.45
End -1434.43 0.961 4.94
Bottom 8.17 -1.37 6.80
Top of slab -0.03 0.10 0.07
Top of girder 6.47 -0.15 6.33
L/8 -1434.43 0.695 8.10
Bottom 11.54 -2.64 8.89
Top of slab -0.05 0.34 0.29
Top of girder 6.24 0.03 6.26
L/4 -1434.43 0.449 8.42
Bottom 12.07 -3.11 8.96
Top of slab -0.05 0.55 0.51
Top of girder 4.85 0.18 5.03
3L/8 -1434.43 0.226 9.83
Bottom 13.90 -3.54 10.36
Top of slab -0.04 0.59 0.54
Top of girder 4.96 0.21 5.16
L/2 -1434.43 0.193 9.96
Bottom 14.02 -3.60 10.41
Average stress at α days = (4.94+2x(8.1+8.42+9.83)+9.96)/8 = 8.45 Mpa
-0.04 Mpa 0.59 0.54 Mpa
4.96 Mpa 0.21 Mpa 5.16 Mpa < 16.2 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

14.02 Mpa -3.60 Mpa 10.41 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Loss of
Cables Resultant
Resultant
Stress at 90 inbet. 90 to Stress at α
days α days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days

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5.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Stress due Stress due
Load Moment 0.6 x Wind at α days
Section without live
incl snow load (kN-m)
to Live Load to wind
with live load
load (Mpa) (Mpa) Load (Mpa)
load(kN-m) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.09 0.30 0.00 0.21
Top of girder 2.45 464.16 0.37 0.23 0.00 2.67
End
Bottom 6.80 -0.47 0.00 6.33
Top of slab 0.07 1.22 0.08 1.37
Top of girder 6.33 1818.14 122.44 0.89 0.06 7.28
L/8
Bottom 8.89 -2.43 -0.16 6.30
Top of slab 0.29 1.61 0.13 2.03
Top of girder 6.26 2395.75 190.17 1.18 0.09 7.53
L/4
Bottom 8.96 -3.20 -0.25 5.50
Top of slab 0.51 1.95 0.15 2.62
Top of girder 5.03 2902.25 229.12 1.42 0.11 6.57
3L/8
Bottom 10.36 -3.88 -0.31 6.17
Top of slab 0.54 2.13 0.16 2.84
Top of girder 5.16 3165.82 239.28 1.55 0.12 6.83
L/2
Bottom 10.41 -4.23 -0.32 5.86

0.54 Mpa 2.13 Mpa 2.84 Mpa

5.16 Mpa 1.55 6.83 Mpa < 16.20 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

10.41 Mpa -4.23 Mpa 5.86 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress due to
Stress at α Stress at α
Live Load Hence O.K.
days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 6.8 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -1.53 Mpa < 0.2 Mpa Hence O.K.

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5.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 1.081 1.801 m2 Area = 1.756 2.476 m2
I= 0.665 0.821 m4 I= 1.231 1.500 m
4

CG = 1.199 1.189 m CG = 1.646 1.509 m

Z Top of slab = 1.485 1.553 m
3

Z Top = 0.633 0.773 m 3 Z Top = 2.038 2.024 m

3

Zbottom = 0.555 0.691 m3 Zbottom = 0.748 0.994 m3

Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.10 0.06
Top of girder 0.01 2.31 0.04
End 10.10 10737.19 0.961 -848.81 -2019.83 88.91
Bottom -0.01 6.82 -0.09
Top of slab 0.14 0.28
Top of girder 4.96 1.07 0.20
L/8 3141.96 10834.44 0.695 -848.81 -2019.83 411.78
Bottom -5.66 14.59 -0.55
Top of slab 0.48 0.42
Top of girder 8.40 -2.59 0.31
L/4 5321.66 10960.17 0.449 -848.81 -2019.83 625.02
Bottom -9.59 18.63 -0.84
Top of slab 0.78 0.51
Top of girder 10.61 -6.00 0.37
3L/8 6715.52 11086.87 0.226 -848.81 -2019.83 752.77
Bottom -12.10 22.43 -1.01
Top of slab 0.83 0.54
Top of girder 11.23 -6.59 0.39
L/2 7110.84 11209.96 0.193 -848.81 -2019.83 794.85
Bottom -12.81 23.29 -1.06

Section Live load Wind load - loaded structureTemp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.30 0.00 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.23 0.00 -0.92 0.86
End 464.16 0.37
Bottom -0.47 0.00 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.22 0.08 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.89 0.06 -0.92 0.86
L/8 1818.14 122.44
Bottom -2.43 -0.16 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.61 0.13 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.18 0.09 -0.92 0.86
L/4 2395.75 190.17
Bottom -3.20 -0.25 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.95 0.15 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.42 0.11 -0.92 0.86
3L/8 2902.25 229.12
Bottom -3.88 -0.31 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 2.13 0.16 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.55 0.12 -0.92 0.86
L/2 3165.82 239.28
Bottom -4.23 -0.32 1.83 -2.66

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5.3.8 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp (+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1

Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp (+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1

b) Stresses of girder at different load casees

Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.04 0.27 0.26 0.20 0.19 3.12
Top of girder 2.15 2.14 2.15 2.14 2.38 2.37 2.32 2.31 1.82
End
Bottom 6.02 6.04 6.02 6.04 5.55 5.57 5.67 5.69 6.65
Top of slab 0.46 0.41 0.51 0.46 1.74 1.68 1.46 1.41 4.54
Top of girder 6.17 6.13 6.20 6.16 7.10 7.06 6.90 6.86 6.51
L/8
Bottom 6.81 6.92 6.71 6.82 4.28 4.39 4.82 4.93 5.48
Top of slab 0.94 0.85 1.01 0.93 2.63 2.54 2.27 2.19 5.40
Top of girder 6.44 6.38 6.50 6.44 7.67 7.61 7.42 7.36 7.07
L/4
Bottom 6.18 6.34 6.02 6.19 2.82 2.99 3.52 3.69 4.07
Top of slab 1.31 1.21 1.40 1.30 3.36 3.26 2.93 2.83 6.11
Top of girder 5.65 5.57 5.72 5.64 7.14 7.07 6.83 6.75 6.52
3L/8
Bottom 6.87 7.08 6.69 6.89 2.81 3.01 3.66 3.86 4.09
Top of slab 1.39 1.28 1.48 1.38 3.61 3.51 3.15 3.04 6.37
Top of girder 5.77 5.69 5.84 5.76 7.39 7.31 7.05 6.97 6.77
L/2
Bottom 6.87 7.08 6.68 6.89 2.44 2.66 3.37 3.59 3.73

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Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.11 -1.32 -1.33 4.95 4.94 -2.46 -2.47 4.95 -2.47
Top of girder 1.81 2.89 2.88 1.40 1.39 3.18 3.17 3.18 1.39
End
Bottom 6.67 3.96 3.97 7.50 7.52 3.01 3.03 7.52 3.01
Top of slab 4.48 0.09 0.04 6.13 6.07 -1.28 -1.33 6.13 -1.33
Top of girder 6.47 7.58 7.54 5.92 5.88 7.70 7.66 7.70 5.88
L/8
Bottom 5.59 2.78 2.89 6.82 6.93 2.33 2.44 6.93 2.33
Top of slab 5.31 0.95 0.87 6.89 6.81 -0.51 -0.60 6.89 -0.60
Top of girder 7.00 8.13 8.07 6.40 6.34 8.19 8.12 8.19 6.34
L/4
Bottom 4.24 1.37 1.54 5.60 5.77 1.11 1.28 6.34 1.11
Top of slab 6.01 1.67 1.57 7.52 7.42 0.12 0.02 7.52 0.02
Top of girder 6.45 7.59 7.51 5.80 5.72 7.58 7.50 7.59 5.57
3L/8
Bottom 4.29 1.40 1.60 5.79 5.99 1.30 1.50 7.08 1.30
Top of slab 6.26 1.92 1.82 7.73 7.62 0.33 0.22 7.73 0.22
Top of girder 6.69 7.84 7.76 6.01 5.94 7.79 7.72 7.84 5.69
L/2
Bottom 3.94 1.04 1.25 5.52 5.73 1.03 1.24 7.08 1.03

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.04 -0.06 -0.04 -0.06 0.25 0.24 0.18 0.17 3.10
Top of girder 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.60 2.84 2.83 2.78 2.77 2.29
End
Bottom 7.38 7.40 7.38 7.40 6.92 6.93 7.03 7.05 8.01
Top of slab 0.49 0.44 0.54 0.49 1.77 1.71 1.49 1.44 4.56
Top of girder 6.38 6.34 6.42 6.38 7.31 7.27 7.11 7.07 6.72
L/8
Bottom 9.73 9.84 9.63 9.74 7.20 7.31 7.74 7.85 8.39
Top of slab 1.03 0.95 1.11 1.02 2.72 2.64 2.37 2.28 5.49
Top of girder 5.92 5.86 5.98 5.92 7.16 7.09 6.90 6.84 6.55
L/4
Bottom 9.90 10.07 9.75 9.92 6.55 6.71 7.24 7.41 7.80
Top of slab 1.47 1.37 1.56 1.46 3.51 3.41 3.09 2.99 6.27
Top of girder 4.45 4.37 4.51 4.44 5.94 5.86 5.63 5.55 5.32
3L/8
Bottom 11.36 11.56 11.18 11.38 7.29 7.50 8.14 8.34 8.58
Top of slab 1.55 1.44 1.65 1.54 3.78 3.67 3.31 3.20 6.53
Top of girder 4.45 4.37 4.52 4.44 6.07 6.00 5.73 5.66 5.45
L/2
Bottom 11.53 11.74 11.33 11.55 7.10 7.31 8.03 8.24 8.39

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Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.09 -1.34 -1.35 4.93 4.92 -2.48 -2.49 4.93 -2.49
Top of girder 2.28 3.35 3.35 1.86 1.85 3.64 3.63 3.64 1.85
End
Bottom 8.03 5.32 5.34 8.86 8.88 4.37 4.39 8.88 4.37
Top of slab 4.51 0.12 0.07 6.16 6.10 -1.25 -1.30 6.16 -1.30
Top of girder 6.68 7.79 7.75 6.13 6.09 7.91 7.87 7.91 6.09
L/8
Bottom 8.51 5.70 5.81 9.73 9.84 5.24 5.35 9.84 5.24
Top of slab 5.41 1.05 0.97 6.99 6.90 -0.42 -0.50 6.99 -0.50
Top of girder 6.49 7.62 7.56 5.89 5.83 7.67 7.61 7.67 5.83
L/4
Bottom 7.96 5.10 5.27 9.33 9.50 4.84 5.00 10.07 4.84
Top of slab 6.17 1.83 1.73 7.68 7.58 0.28 0.17 7.68 0.17
Top of girder 5.25 6.39 6.31 4.60 4.52 6.38 6.30 6.39 4.37
3L/8
Bottom 8.78 5.88 6.08 10.28 10.48 5.79 5.99 11.56 5.79
Top of slab 6.42 2.09 1.98 7.90 7.79 0.49 0.39 7.90 0.39
Top of girder 5.37 6.52 6.44 4.70 4.62 6.48 6.40 6.52 4.37
L/2
Bottom 8.60 5.70 5.91 10.18 10.39 5.69 5.90 11.74 5.69
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.48 x fck = 21.60 Mpa > 11.7 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -2.29 Mpa < 1.03 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile force = -533.27 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 1932.2 mm2 Ast provided= 3365.99 mm
Hence Provide 10 T @ 140 c/c +10 T @ 140 c/c at top

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5.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.04 0.20 0.19 0.04 0.02 2.57
Top of girder 2.15 2.14 2.15 2.14 2.32 2.31 2.19 2.18 1.86
End
Bottom 6.02 6.04 6.02 6.04 5.67 5.69 5.93 5.94 6.58
Top of slab 0.46 0.41 0.51 0.46 1.42 1.37 0.76 0.70 3.75
Top of girder 6.17 6.13 6.20 6.16 6.87 6.83 6.38 6.34 6.38
L/8
Bottom 6.81 6.92 6.71 6.82 4.91 5.02 6.23 6.34 5.90
Top of slab 0.94 0.85 1.01 0.93 2.21 2.13 1.33 1.25 4.52
Top of girder 6.44 6.38 6.50 6.44 7.37 7.31 6.73 6.67 6.86
L/4
Bottom 6.18 6.34 6.02 6.19 3.65 3.81 5.38 5.55 4.69
Top of slab 1.31 1.21 1.40 1.30 2.85 2.75 1.79 1.69 5.15
Top of girder 5.65 5.57 5.72 5.64 6.77 6.70 6.00 5.93 6.26
3L/8
Bottom 6.87 7.08 6.69 6.89 3.81 4.01 5.91 6.12 4.88
Top of slab 1.39 1.28 1.48 1.38 3.07 2.96 1.91 1.80 5.36
Top of girder 5.77 5.69 5.84 5.76 6.99 6.91 6.15 6.07 6.47
L/2
Bottom 6.87 7.08 6.68 6.89 3.53 3.75 5.83 6.04 4.61

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Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.56 -1.13 -1.14 2.88 2.87 -1.56 -1.57 2.88 -1.57
Top of girder 1.85 2.75 2.74 1.64 1.63 2.71 2.70 2.75 1.63
End
Bottom 6.60 4.34 4.36 7.02 7.04 4.33 4.35 7.04 4.33
Top of slab 3.70 0.05 0.00 3.56 3.50 -0.89 -0.94 3.75 -0.94
Top of girder 6.34 7.27 7.23 5.80 5.75 6.86 6.82 7.27 5.75
L/8
Bottom 6.01 3.66 3.77 7.42 7.53 4.73 4.84 7.53 3.66
Top of slab 4.43 0.82 0.73 4.11 4.02 -0.34 -0.42 4.52 -0.42
Top of girder 6.80 7.75 7.69 6.13 6.06 7.19 7.13 7.75 6.06
L/4
Bottom 4.85 2.44 2.61 6.63 6.80 3.94 4.11 6.80 2.44
Top of slab 5.05 1.45 1.35 4.55 4.45 0.11 0.01 5.15 0.01
Top of girder 6.18 7.15 7.07 5.38 5.31 6.45 6.38 7.15 5.31
3L/8
Bottom 5.08 2.63 2.83 7.20 7.40 4.50 4.70 7.40 2.63
Top of slab 5.25 1.66 1.55 4.66 4.55 0.22 0.11 5.36 0.11
Top of girder 6.40 7.36 7.29 5.53 5.45 6.60 6.52 7.36 5.45
L/2
Bottom 4.82 2.36 2.58 7.12 7.33 4.43 4.64 7.33 2.36

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.04 -0.06 -0.04 -0.06 0.18 0.17 0.02 0.00 2.55
Top of girder 2.61 2.60 2.61 2.60 2.78 2.77 2.65 2.65 2.32
End
Bottom 7.38 7.40 7.38 7.40 7.03 7.05 7.29 7.31 7.95
Top of slab 0.49 0.44 0.54 0.49 1.45 1.40 0.79 0.73 3.78
Top of girder 6.38 6.34 6.42 6.38 7.08 7.04 6.60 6.56 6.59
L/8
Bottom 9.73 9.84 9.63 9.74 7.82 7.93 9.14 9.26 8.82
Top of slab 1.03 0.95 1.11 1.02 2.30 2.22 1.43 1.35 4.61
Top of girder 5.92 5.86 5.98 5.92 6.85 6.79 6.22 6.15 6.35
L/4
Bottom 9.90 10.07 9.75 9.92 7.37 7.54 9.11 9.28 8.41
Top of slab 1.47 1.37 1.56 1.46 3.01 2.91 1.95 1.85 5.31
Top of girder 4.45 4.37 4.51 4.44 5.57 5.50 4.80 4.73 5.06
3L/8
Bottom 11.36 11.56 11.18 11.38 8.30 8.50 10.40 10.60 9.36
Top of slab 1.55 1.44 1.65 1.54 3.23 3.12 2.07 1.97 5.52
Top of girder 4.45 4.37 4.52 4.44 5.67 5.60 4.83 4.75 5.16
L/2
Bottom 11.53 11.74 11.33 11.55 8.19 8.40 10.49 10.70 9.27

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 Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.54 -1.15 -1.16 2.86 2.85 -1.58 -1.59 2.86 -1.59
Top of girder 2.31 3.21 3.20 2.10 2.09 3.17 3.16 3.21 2.09
End
Bottom 7.97 5.70 5.72 8.39 8.41 5.69 5.71 8.41 5.69
Top of slab 3.73 0.08 0.03 3.58 3.53 -0.86 -0.91 3.78 -0.91
Top of girder 6.55 7.48 7.44 6.01 5.97 7.08 7.04 7.48 5.97
L/8
Bottom 8.93 6.57 6.68 10.34 10.45 7.65 7.76 10.45 6.57
Top of slab 4.53 0.91 0.83 4.20 4.12 -0.24 -0.33 4.61 -0.33
Top of girder 6.29 7.24 7.18 5.61 5.55 6.68 6.62 7.24 5.55
L/4
Bottom 8.58 6.17 6.34 10.36 10.53 7.66 7.83 10.53 6.17
Top of slab 5.21 1.60 1.50 4.71 4.61 0.26 0.16 5.31 0.16
Top of girder 4.98 5.95 5.87 4.18 4.11 5.25 5.17 5.95 4.11
3L/8
Bottom 9.56 7.12 7.32 11.68 11.88 8.99 9.19 11.88 7.12
Top of slab 5.42 1.82 1.71 4.83 4.72 0.38 0.28 5.52 0.28
Top of girder 5.08 6.05 5.97 4.21 4.13 5.28 5.20 6.05 4.13
L/2
Bottom 9.48 7.02 7.23 11.78 11.99 9.08 9.30 11.99 7.02

Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 12.0 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 2.36 Mpa Hence O.K.

5.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Grade of concrete = M45 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 34313 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 20.10 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3000 0.00350 20.10
225 11394 kN
267.10
NA NA
2475 300

193 250 0.0264 11394 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
750
Top width of girder = 3000 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 193 mm
Depth of girder = 2475 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1546 mm Actual neutral axis depth 267.10 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.02640 The Section is under reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 11394 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 11394 kN
Compressive force CG 111.11 mm Moment of resistance = 24734 kNm
> 16098 kNm Hence O.K.
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 100 7873 12157 15080 16098
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 7924 8022 8147 8274 8397
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00502 0.00508 0.00516 0.00524 0.00532
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 961 695 449 226 193
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 253 267 267 267 267
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0225 0.0249 0.0282 0.0312 0.0317
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 18571 22503 25814 28818 29266
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Factor of Safety associated with failure 185.85 2.86 2.12 1.91 1.82

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5.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 63.82 kN 2.3 %
Relaxation 24.51 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 38.51 kN 1.4 % 38.51 kN 1.4 %
Shrinkage 22.61 kN 0.8 %
Relaxation 52.33 kN 1.9 % 24.51 kN 0.9 %
Creep 78.03 kN 2.9 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 17.04 kN 0.6 % 17.04 kN 0.6 %
Relaxation 13.91 kN 0.5 % 41.73 kN 1.5 %
Creep 39.45 kN 1.4 % 39.45 kN 1.4 %
At 90 days
Shrinkage 11.64 kN 0.4 % 11.64 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 15.19 kN 0.6 % 15.19 kN 0.6 %
At α days
Shrinkage 85.91 kN 3.1 % 85.91 kN 3.1 %
Relaxation 132.47 kN 4.8 % 132.47 kN 4.8 %
Creep 113.99 kN 4.2 % 113.99 kN 4.2 %
Total 709.39 kN/cable 26.0 % 520.43 kN 19.0 %
Total loss 2812.94 kN

Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)

Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.22 3.22 3.22 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of 312.12 316.08 321.71 153.84 0.00
cable 1 to 3

Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 1908 1360 892 853 441
Moment 100 7873 12157 15080 16098

5.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement

i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 45 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, NEd = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 7924.3 8021.5 8147.2 8273.9 8397.0
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1289 1555 1801 2024 2057
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
K 1.363 1.335 1.314 1.298 1.296
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.007 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.012
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1227.0 642.5 710.3 771.0 780.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8

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ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.53 Mpa
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress
7924.3 8021.5 8147.2 8273.9 8397.0
Force after
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of the
Effective
1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
Depthdue
Stress of
4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
to Prestress
Design
1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53
tensile
First
3.49E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09
moment of
Transmissio
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
n length of
Moment
1.5E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12
Inertia (I)
Design
939.3 457.3 457.3 457.3 457.3
Shear
iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 4.18 8.35 12.53 16.70
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 1907.6 1359.9 892.5 852.8 440.6
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 312.1 316.1 321.7 153.8 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1595.4 1043.8 570.7 699.0 440.6
Precast member Area (m2) 1.80 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08
Zb (m3) 0.69 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
Composite member Area (m2) 2.48 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76
Zb (m3) 0.99 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.7315 1.3526 -2.7736 -6.6096 -7.2590
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 939.32 457.33 556.90 614.28 622.83
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5854 2753 3133 3477 3529
Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required Required Required
Required
iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::
The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M45
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 20.1 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00097 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60

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 Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1595.4 1043.8 570.7 699.0 440.6
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.63 1.97 2.27 2.53 2.57
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) ###### 23.66 30.51 22.38 22.38 22.38
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.72 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 5.027 3.217 1.810 1.810 1.810
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accounting
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
capacity of
Difference
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 6502.99 3750.24 3462.92 3865.91 3926.08
Factor of Safety associated with failure 4.08 3.59 6.07 5.53 8.91
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 1820.49 885.71 693.04 848.74 535.04
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 1881.80 4872.28 6059.20 6811.42 6802.66
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.

5.6. Anchor Block

Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's Catalog Size of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 39.59 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 31.67 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2443.65 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.20 N/mm < 19.00 N/mm Hence O.K.

Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2443.65 = 381.21 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1007.79 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm

Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1011.164 mm
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm2
2
Ast 1759.425 mm
Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing
2
Ast 3216.991 mm

Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
351.885 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm

Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.

Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing

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 Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))
Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2639.302 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 116.7693 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 19.45 N/m
2
> 0.80 N/m
Hence OK

5.7. Interface Shear Design for Composite section

The shear stress that arises between the interfaces of concrete placed at different times is reffered to as interface
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinforcement placed across the shear plane.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z= Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M45
µ= friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ= As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area of the joint
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α= the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 20.10 Mpa

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 1595.44 1043.80 570.74 698.97 440.62
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Interface Width bi ( mm) 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 0.89 0.48 0.23 0.25 0.16
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 10 10 10 10 10
Number of legs provided 4 4 4 4 4
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 150 150 150 150 150
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 1875 1875 1875 1875 1875
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 281250 281250 281250 281250 281250
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

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 4.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2250 = 1215 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 1.08125 m2
=0.15%x1.08x1000000 = 1621.875 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 675 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 810 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 810 mm /m
Hence O.K.
5.9 Calculation for Deflection of Longitudinal girders
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.33E+07 kN/m2
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.189 1.199 1.199 1.199 1.199
Moment of 0.821 0.665 0.665 0.665 0.665
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Moment -3491.25 -5252.11 -6765.55 -8074.56 -8156.17
Moment -5.63 1777.70 3005.92 3746.21 3981.80
Total
moment -3496.9 -3474.4 -3759.6 -4328.3 -4174.4
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00016 -0.00017 -0.00020 -0.00019

4.18 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
-0.00016 2 -0.00020
-0.000128 4 3 -0.000170 -0.000189
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 5 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 4.175 2.088 -0.00016
-0.00014 -0.001242
C 3 4.175 6.263 -0.00017
-0.00016 -0.004273
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.00020
-0.00018 -0.007962
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.00019
-0.00019 -0.011718
Total -0.025194
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -25 mm
= - L/ 1326
(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days
Young Modulus = 3.43E+07 Mpa
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Moment 1110.02 -75.23 -1248.00 -2441.94 -2843.63
Moment 276.35 411.89 523.70 616.94 616.98
Total 1386.4 336.7 -724.3 -1825.0 -2226.7
M/EI 0.0000492 0.0000147 -0.000032 -0.0000799 -0.00010

4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
2
0.0000147 -0.000080
0.0000492 4 3 -0.000032 -0.0000975
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 28 days

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 At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000492
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000147 0.0000320 0.0002787
C 3 4.175 6.263 -0.000032 -0.000008 -0.000222
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.000080 -0.000056 -0.002433
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.000098 -0.000089 -0.005413
Total -0.007789
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -7.789 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -32.983 mm = - L/ 1013
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of all 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Loss 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399
Moment 77.501 171.749 255.289 331.088 342.405
Moment -9.009 1047.885 1810.638 2279.249 2453.719
Total 68.492 1219.635 2065.927 2610.337 2796.123
M/EI 0.0000024 0.0000534 0.0000905 0.0001143 0.00012
4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000534 0.0001143
4 0.0000905 0.0001225
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 60 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000024
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000534 0.0000279 0.0002434 0.00134
C 3 4.175 6.263 0.0000905 0.0000719 0.0018812
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0001143 0.0001024 0.0044624
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0001225 0.0001184 0.0072229
Total 0.0138099
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 13.810 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-32.983+13.810 = -19.173 mm
(iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.509 1.646 1.646 1.646 1.646
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Moment of 1.500 1.231 1.231 1.231 1.231
Loss 1550.209 1550.209 1550.209 1550.209 1550.21
Moment 849.142 1475.354 1855.800 2200.995 2252.5
Total 849.142 1475.354 1855.800 2200.995 2252.5
M/EI 0.0000165 0.0000349 0.0000439 0.0000521 0.00005
4.175 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000349 0.0000521
4 0.0000439 0.0000533
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000165
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000349
0.0000257 0.0002241 0.00069
C 3 4.175 6.263 0.0000439
0.0000394 0.0010312
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0000521
0.0000480 0.002093
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0000533
0.0000527 0.0032167
Total 0.006565
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 6.565 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 6.237 mm L/ 5355

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6.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG3 = 34.400 m
6.1. Load calculation
6.1.1 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Precast girder only
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 1.081 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.801 m
Unit Weight at span = 27.03 kN/m
Unit Weight at support = 45.02 kN/m
Thickness of intermediate Cross Girder = 0.30 m
Thickness of end Cross Girder = 0.60 m
1.250 1.750 1.250

0.475 0.2
0.1 0.053

2.25 1.800 1.450

0.25
0.25

0.225 0.225
0.75 2.250 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.08-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 12.05 kN
Part of End cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.80-0.75x0.25)}x0.6x25 = 13.30 kN
= 13.30 kN
= 12.05 kN = 12.05 kN
45.02 45.02
27.03
0.500 2.00 2.00 25.40 2.00 2.00 0.500

0.500 33.400 0.500

11.1 34.400
Support Reaction = 553.24 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Dist. for prop. Section(m) 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Shear Force (kN) 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
6.1.2 Construction load and weight of shuttering & proping.
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
Assume, UDL for weight of shuttering = 5.000 kN/m
Effective width of deck slab for end girder = 3.000 m
Weight of shuttering & Conc. Live load = 6.500 kN/m
6.500

0.500 33.40 0.500

Support Reaction = 111.80 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections of outer girders
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -0.8 395.7 679.0 848.9 905.6
Shear 108.6 81.4 54.3 27.1 0.0

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6.1.3 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Deck slab & X-girder
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m2
Thickness of deck slab at expansion joint = 0.400 m
Average width of deck slab at support = 3.000 m
Wt. of End X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.6x25 = 26.250 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.3x25 = 13.125 kN
= 26.250 = 13.125 = 26.250
0.5
16.875 13.13 kN/m

0.800 33.40 0.800

Support Reaction = 334.69 kN

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections

Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -9.0 1047.9 1810.6 2279.2 2453.7
Shear 288.4 217.9 147.5 77.0 6.6

6.1.4 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force for outer girder
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 4.30 8.60 12.90 17.20
Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
1 SEISMIC X DIR 55.276 -50.112 71.332 78.764 73.560
2 SEISMIC Y DIR -33.160 -156.987 261.680 -325.382 340.458
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 1.691 4.484 8.633 -9.382 9.653
Precast girder only -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Construction load -0.8 395.7 679.0 848.9 905.6
Deck slab & X-girder -9.0 1047.9 1810.6 2279.2 2453.7
Crash Baarrier 12.4 444.8 707.6 968.7 963.6
Total wt of deck slab = -2.3 3270.4 5524.2 6994.2 7399.1
SIDL from staad output 80.8 348.6 508.2 608.7 649.7
Removal of shutter -107.1 -475.6 -737.4 -888.3 -928.3
Footpath live load -0.2 -127.2 -230.0 -281.4 -279.24
Live load 418.6 1665.6 2030.8 2502.3 2913.6
Total Live Load 418.6 1665.6 2030.8 2502.3 2913.6
Wind load (unloaded structure) 0.7 237.7 369.3 445.0 464.67
Wind load (loaded structure) 0.6 204.1 317.0 381.9 398.8
Construction load (1.5kN/m2) -0.2 91.3 156.7 195.9 209.0
Total Live 418.6 1665.6 2030.8 2502.3 2913.6

b) Shear force (kN) For SIDL & Live load - Refer STAAD Output
Desription At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
1 SEISMIC X DIR 12.7 11.2 8.1 6.9 9.4
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 32.0 29.2 23.4 9.8 0.1
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.9 1.5
Precast girder only 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
Deck slab & X-girder 288.4 217.9 147.5 77.0 6.6
Crash Baarrier 85.3 25.6 -8.1 -9.8 0.3
Total DL 891.1 598.9 377.1 135.1 6.8
SIDL from staad output -33.5 25.1 0.8 3.6 -0.1
Footpath live load 32.0 -11.2 -87.8 23.1 -1.6 14.2875
Live load incl. snow load 478.5 319.0 191.9 375.9 217.9
Total Live Load incl.snow load 478.5 319.0 191.9 375.9 217.9
Wind load (unloaded structure) 32.0 -29.2 51.5 11.4 -1.4
Wind load (loaded structure) -1.5 1.2 32.7 12.5 -6.9
Construction load 25.1 18.8 12.5 6.3 0.0
Total 2768.2 1821.6 1135.2 1072.6 439.4

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6.1.5 Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5

a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 766.3 7523.4 11393.1 14260.9 15496.2
2 (a) 139.3 5331.1 8822.4 11080.2 11724.0
2 (b) 79.5 3925.1 6507.8 8175.7 8647.0
3 (a) 766.9 7707.1 11678.4 14604.6 15855.2
3 (b) 707.0 6301.0 9363.8 11700.0 12778.2
4 (a) 620.7 7246.6 11157.8 13957.9 15074.7
4 (b) 560.9 5840.5 8843.2 11053.4 11997.7
5 (a) 704.1 7457.2 11373.8 14229.2 15418.1
5 (b) 644.3 6051.2 9059.2 11324.7 12341.1
7 (a) 290.8 5214.4 8981.7 10975.4 11976.4
7 (b) 234.6 5271.7 8915.9 10882.8 11909.3
7 (c) 198.0 5102.1 9181.6 10551.0 12256.7
7 (d) 231.0 3808.3 6667.2 8070.9 8899.4
7 (e) 174.8 3865.6 6601.3 7978.3 8832.3
7 (f) 138.2 3696.1 6867.0 7646.5 9179.7
Maximum 79.5 7707.1 11678.4 14604.6 15855.2

b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 1862.1 1330.9 798.3 752.6 335.8
2 (a) 1142.1 854.2 559.5 207.5 -1.5
2 (b) 855.3 625.8 426.9 157.5 -3.7
3 (a) 1860.8 1332.0 827.7 763.9 329.6
3 (b) 1574.0 1103.6 695.1 713.9 327.3
4 (a) 1692.4 1221.1 780.1 639.9 249.1
4 (b) 1405.6 992.6 647.5 589.9 246.9
5 (a) 1789.0 1284.1 798.9 707.5 296.9
5 (b) 1502.2 1055.7 666.3 657.5 294.6
7 (a) 1274.2 946.7 571.9 279.6 67.3
7 (b) 1262.5 936.2 564.2 274.3 59.1
7 (c) 1294.6 965.6 588.0 282.6 57.5
7 (d) 987.4 718.3 439.3 229.6 65.0
7 (e) 975.8 707.8 431.6 224.3 56.8
7 (f) 1007.8 737.2 455.4 232.6 55.2
Maximum 1862.1 1332.0 827.7 763.9 335.8

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6.1.6 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1

6.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 3981.80 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 2453.72 kN-m
SIDL = 649.74 kN-m
Wind load = 239.28 kN-m
Live Load = 2913.63 kN-m
Total Moment = 10238.2 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.756 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 1.231 m4
CG from bottom = 1.646 m
Z Bottom = 0.748 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.193 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.453 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 2.85
Say, No of Cables Provided = 4.32

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6.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss

0.400

5 0.375

X X X 4 0.375
2.25
5 3 0.375

4 0.180 2 0.375

1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 16.700
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18

0.15 17.200

Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.400
0.375 5
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 5.800 4.50 3.50 2.900
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+5.8-0.15)} = 2.095 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5-0.15)} = 3.225 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 3.942 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.727 o
o
Vertical bending of Cable 5 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.510
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Horizontal bending of Cable 1 2.944 o
Horizontal bending of Cable 2 2.944 o
Position of Cable
Cable Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
No. X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 6.150 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 10.650 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 14.150 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 14.150 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 1.85 14.150 0.000 0.485

Cable
Start of Horizontal Bending End of Horizontal Bending Midspan
No. X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 6.150 0.000 0.125 10.650 0.180 0.125 17.050 0.180 0.125
2 6.150 0.000 0.379 10.650 -0.180 0.125 17.050 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.485

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C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050 Distance from
Cable 1 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485

Friction & Slip Loss

Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm2
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands (Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7)= 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
P(je)=P(x)e (µφ+kl) or P(x)=P(je)/e (µφ+kl)

Cable 1 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2476.02
1-2 6.154 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.47 2509.45
2-3 4.504 3.614 0.063 1.0199
3 2646.74 2562.18
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2590.35 2590.35

6.154 4.504 6.400

2732.90 2699.47 2646.74
1 2 3 2590.35
= 4
= 2562.18 2604.46
4.798
2476.02 2509.45
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2604.462 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.798 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.115 m
Extension of cable at each side = 130.33 mm

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Cable 2 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2470.80
1-2 6.160 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.44 2504.26
2-3 4.511 4.366 0.076 1.0222
3 2640.77 2562.94
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2584.50 2584.50
6.160 4.511 6.400
2732.90 2699.44
1 2 2640.77 2584.50
= 3
= 2601.85 4
2504.26 2562.94
2470.80 4.426
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2601.85 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.426 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.32 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.32 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.141 m
Extension of cable = 130.29 mm

Cable 3 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2507.46
1-2 14.184 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.47 2583.90
2-3 2.900 3.942 0.069 1.0176
3 2610.40 2610.40
14.184 2.900
2732.90 2656.47
1 2 2610.40
= 3
= 2620.18
2583.90 2.284
2507.46
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2620.184 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.284 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.184+2.9)x2 = 34.167 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.27 mm

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Cable 4 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2506.92
1-2 14.198 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.39 2583.43
2-3 2.900 4.727 0.082 1.0200
3 2604.25 2604.25
14.198 2.900
2732.90 2656.39
1 2 2604.25
= 3
= 2619.91
2583.43 2.029
2506.92
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2619.91 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.029 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.198+2.9)x2 = 34.197 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.36 mm

Cable5 6 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 863.02 791.52
1-2 14.216 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 838.83 815.72
2-3 2.900 5.510 0.096 1.0224
3 820.46 820.46
14.216 2.900
863.02 838.83
1 2 820.46
= 3
= 827.27
815.72 1.824
791.52
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 827.2737 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 1.824 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 693.576 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 693.576 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 693.58-693.58 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.216+2.9)x2 = 34.231 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.46 mm

87 of 178
6.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.095 2.095 2.095 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.225 3.225 3.225 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2509.35 2531.85 2554.35 2576.85 2610.40
Vert. angle 3.942 3.942 3.942 3.942 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Normal 7448.47 7516.22 7612.46 7709.66 7785.25
at first stage
CG of Cable 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 402.18 405.83 410.84 177.14 0.00
Cable 4 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.727 4.727 4.727 4.727 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 792.12 799.23 806.33 813.43 820.46
Vert. angle 5.510 5.510 5.510 5.510 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G.
Total cable
1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485
forces 2nd
3288.73 3318.22 3347.72 3377.21 3424.70
stage
CG of Cable 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Total cable
forces Per.
282.80 285.33 287.87 290.40 0.00
Overall CG
of Cable 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
% loss 15.5 % 14.7 % 13.6 % 12.7 % 11.9 %

6.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End

Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 34.115 130.33
Cable 2 34.141 130.29
Cable 3 34.167 131.27
Cable 4 34.197 131.36
Cable 5 34.231 131.46

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6.3 Stress Calculation of girder
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
6.3.1 Loss calculation
6.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 45
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 55 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 49.59 Mpa
f ck (t) = 39.59 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 33.26 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.86
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.250 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 63.82 kN/Cable
2.34 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 5 days :-
Section Cable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.48 -0.01 -0.49
End 7448.47 7257.02 0.707 -5.63 6.08
B 9.09 0.01 9.09
T -1.52 2.81 1.29
L/8 7516.22 7324.77 0.482 1777.70 10.52
B 16.24 -3.20 13.04
T -3.82 4.75 0.93
L/4 7612.46 7421.00 0.287 3005.92 12.01
B 19.05 -5.42 13.64
T -5.80 5.92 0.12
3L/8 7709.66 7518.21 0.125 3746.21 13.94
B 21.50 -6.75 14.75
T -5.86 6.29 0.43
L/2 7785.25 7593.80 0.125 3981.80 13.76
B 21.72 -7.18 14.55

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 Average stress fc = (6.08+2x(10.52+12.01+13.94)+13.76)/8 = 11.60 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 34.00 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 63.82 kN
-5.86 Mpa 6.29 Mpa 0.43 Mpa
> -2.11
Mpa
X X
+ = < 23.80
Mpa
Hence O.K.

21.72 Mpa -7.18 Mpa 14.55 Mpa

Precast to 1st stage Stress due to Stress at 7
Girder stressing DL of Girder days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 5 days of Casting of Girder
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 23.80 MPa
Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.11 MPa

6.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7257+2x(7325+7421+7518)+7594)/8 = 7422.35 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.709 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.68 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7422.35/3x2.68/100 = 66.23 kN/Cable

Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
5 - 28 days Loss 14 days 336 = 42.00 % of Total Loss
28 - 60 days Loss 32 days 768 = 21.00 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 24.51 kN/Cable
5 - 28 days Loss = 27.82 kN/Cable
28 - 60 days Loss = 13.91 kN/Cable
60 - 90 days Loss = 0.00 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 132.47 kN/Cable
Total = 198.70 kN/Cable
198.703 7.27 %

6.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00007 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c = 1.081 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 7.444 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u = 290.52 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c = 1.756 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.394 m
Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 308.29 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50

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 Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %
These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size of Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage factor member h0 shrinkage kh strain shrinkage
β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 291 0.066 0.759 0.000064 22.61
60 0.788 308 0.188 0.748 0.000113 17.04
90 0.850 308 0.277 0.748 0.000146 11.64
36500 1.000 308 0.995 0.748 0.000391 85.91
Total 137.193 5.02 %

6.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient α 1 =(43.75/fcm)^0.7 = 0.85
The coefficient α 2 =(43.75/fcm)^0.2 = 0.96
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.53
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa
The coefficient α 3 =(43.75/fcm)^0.5 = 0.89
For temperature greater than 40oC theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 291 1.32 1.867 677.65 0.310 0.638 78.03
60 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.433 0.884 39.45
90 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.497 1.015 15.19
36500 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.994 2.031 115.08
Total 247.75 9.07 %

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6.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Losses:- Shrinkage = 22.61 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 52.33 kN/Cable
Creep = 78.03 kN/Cable
Total = 152.96 kN/Cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 458.89 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 45 Modulus of elasticity E 34313 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.68
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 38.51 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 1.316 Nos
Relaxation = 24.51 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2.25 m
Total = 63.02 kN/Cable
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at 5 loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress due Cable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
Section
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.49 0.04 3.22 2.76
End -574.44 0.707 3288.73 3205.81 1.535 6.73
B 9.09 -0.72 0.17 8.55
T 1.29 0.12 2.87 4.28
L/8 -574.44 0.482 3318.22 3235.30 1.176 12.62
B 13.04 -1.27 3.13 14.89
T 0.93 0.30 1.05 2.27
L/4 -574.44 0.287 3347.72 3264.80 0.817 15.49
B 13.64 -1.47 5.27 17.43
T 0.12 0.44 -0.81 -0.25
3L/8 -574.44 0.125 3377.21 3294.29 0.458 19.40
B 14.75 -1.64 7.45 20.56
T 0.43 0.44 -1.40 -0.53
L/2 -574.44 0.125 3424.70 3341.78 0.348 19.91
B 14.55 -1.64 8.21 21.12
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 28 days = (6.73+2x(12.62+15.49+19.4)+19.91)/8 = 15.21 Mpa
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 20.52 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 38.51 kN

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 0.43 Mpa 0.44 Mpa -1.40 Mpa -0.25 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa
+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
14.55 Mpa -1.64 Mpa 8.21 Mpa 21.12 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 28 days of Casting of Girder

Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 22.50 MPa

Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.29 MPa

6.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.91 kN/Cable Relaxation = 41.73 kN/Cable
Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable
Total = 70.39 kN/Cable Total = 98.21 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 70.39 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 98.21 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 340.40 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 129.22 kN
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at Cable CG Stress due Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days loss bet. 28 - from soffit to loss Total Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) 60 days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m2) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.76 -0.09 2.67 -0.01 2.66
End -340.40 0.961 -9.82 5.87
Bottom 8.55 -0.30 8.25 0.01 8.26
Top of girder 4.28 -0.04 4.24 2.28 6.52
L/8 -340.40 0.695 1443.62 10.07
Bottom 14.89 -0.62 14.27 -2.60 11.66
Top of girder 2.27 0.09 2.36 3.93 6.29
L/4 -340.40 0.449 2489.62 11.00
Bottom 17.43 -0.77 16.66 -4.49 12.17
Top of girder -0.25 0.21 -0.04 4.94 4.90
3L/8 -340.40 0.226 3128.18 13.09
Bottom 20.56 -0.91 19.65 -5.64 14.01
Top of girder -0.53 0.23 -0.30 5.31 5.00
L/2 -340.40 0.193 3359.30 13.35
Bottom 21.12 -0.93 20.19 -6.05 14.13
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 60 days = (5.87+2x(10.07+11+13.09)+13.35)/8 = 10.94 Mpa
-0.53 Mpa 0.23 Mpa 5.31 Mpa 5.00 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa

+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
21.12 Mpa -0.93 Mpa -6.05 Mpa 14.13 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 28 loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 60 days of Casting of Girder

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6.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 45 Mpa
Ecj = 34.3 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.68
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.475 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm

Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.756 m Area = 2.476 m
4 4
I= 1.231 m I= 1.500 m
CG = 1.646 m CG = 1.509 m
Losses:- Shrinkage = 11.64 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 0.00 kN/Cable
Creep = 15.19 kN/Cable
Total = 26.83 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 115.77 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 115.77 kN
Total Stress
Stress due Loss of CG of Stress due Moment due due to Total Stress at
Section Cables
at 60 days Cables from to loss to SIDL SIDL Stress cable CG
(Mpa) (kN) soffit (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02
Top of girder 2.66 -0.02 -26.29 -0.01 2.63
End -115.77 0.961 5.81
Bottom 8.26 -0.11 0.03 8.18
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 -0.09 -0.08
Top of girder 6.52 -0.01 -127.05 -0.06 6.44
L/8 -115.77 0.695 10.02
Bottom 11.66 -0.21 0.17 11.62
Top of slab 0.00 0.03 -0.15 -0.13
Top of girder 6.29 0.00 -229.24 -0.11 6.18
L/4 -115.77 0.449 11.02
Bottom 12.17 -0.25 0.31 12.23
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 -0.19 -0.14
Top of girder 4.90 0.01 -279.55 -0.14 4.78
3L/8 -115.77 0.226 13.16
Bottom 14.01 -0.29 0.37 14.10
Top of slab 0.00 0.05 -0.19 -0.14
Top of girder 5.00 0.02 -278.56 -0.14 4.88
L/2 -115.77 0.193 13.41
Bottom 14.13 -0.29 0.37 14.21
Average stress at 90 days = (5.81+2x(10.02+11.02+13.16)+13.41)/8 = 10.95 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.05 -0.19 Mpa -0.14 Mpa
5.00 0.02 Mpa -0.14 4.88 Mpa
Mpa Mpa

+ + =

14.13 -0.29 Mpa 0.37 Mpa 14.21 Mpa

Loss of
Cables Resultant
between 60 to Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
Resultant Stress at 60 days 90 days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days

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6.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Losses:- Shrinkage = 85.91 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 132.47 kN/Cable
Creep = 115.10 kN/Cable
Total = 333.48 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 1439.22 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 1439.22 kN
Total Stress
Total Stress Loss bet. 90 CG of Stress due at α days Stress at
Section at 90 days days-α days Cables from to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) (kN) soffit (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.07 -0.10
Top of girder 2.63 -0.19 2.44
End -1439.22 0.961 4.94
Bottom 8.18 -1.37 6.80
Top of slab -0.08 0.10 0.03
Top of girder 6.44 -0.15 6.29
L/8 -1439.22 0.695 8.14
Bottom 11.62 -2.65 8.97
Top of slab -0.13 0.34 0.21
Top of girder 6.18 0.03 6.21
L/4 -1439.22 0.449 8.52
Bottom 12.23 -3.12 9.10
Top of slab -0.14 0.56 0.41
Top of girder 4.78 0.18 4.96
3L/8 -1439.22 0.226 9.98
Bottom 14.10 -3.55 10.54
Top of slab -0.14 0.59 0.45
Top of girder 4.88 0.21 5.09
L/2 -1439.22 0.193 10.12
Bottom 14.21 -3.62 10.60
Average stress at α days = (4.94+2x(8.14+8.52+9.98)+10.12)/8 = 8.55 Mpa
-0.14 Mpa 0.59 0.45 Mpa
4.88 Mpa 0.21 Mpa 5.09 Mpa < 16.2 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

14.21 Mpa -3.62 Mpa 10.60 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Loss of
Cables Resultant
Resultant
Stress at 90 inbet. 90 to Stress at α
days α days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days

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6.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Load Moment Stress due Stress due to at α days
Section without live incl snow 0.6 x Wind to Live Load wind Load with live load
load (Mpa) load(kN-m) load (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.10 0.27 0.00 0.17
Top of girder 2.44 418.64 0.37 0.21 0.00 2.65
End
Bottom 6.80 -0.42 0.00 6.38
Top of slab 0.03 1.12 0.08 1.23
Top of girder 6.29 1665.59 122.44 0.82 0.06 7.17
L/8
Bottom 8.97 -2.23 -0.16 6.58
Top of slab 0.21 1.37 0.13 1.71
Top of girder 6.21 2030.77 190.17 1.00 0.09 7.30
L/4
Bottom 9.10 -2.72 -0.25 6.13
Top of slab 0.41 1.69 0.15 2.25
Top of girder 4.96 2502.31 229.12 1.23 0.11 6.30
3L/8
Bottom 10.54 -3.35 -0.31 6.89
Top of slab 0.45 1.96 0.16 2.57
Top of girder 5.09 2913.63 239.28 1.43 0.12 6.64
L/2
Bottom 10.60 -3.90 -0.32 6.38
0.45 Mpa 1.96 Mpa 2.57 Mpa
5.09 Mpa 1.43 6.64 Mpa < 16.20 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

10.60 Mpa -3.90 Mpa 6.38 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress due to
Stress at α Live Load Stress at α
days days Hence O.K.

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 6.6 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -1.53 Mpa < 0.2 Mpa Hence O.K.

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6.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 1.081 1.801 m2 Area = 1.756 2.476 m2
I= 0.665 0.821 m4 I= 1.231 1.500 m
4

CG = 1.199 1.189 m CG = 1.646 1.509 m

Z Top of slab = 1.485 1.553 m
3

Z Top = 0.633 0.773 m 3 Z Top = 2.038 2.024 m

3

Zbottom = 0.555 0.691 m3 Zbottom = 0.748 0.994 m3

Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.10 0.05
Top of girder 0.00 2.31 0.04
End -2.28 10737.19 0.961 -848.81 -2024.62 80.82
Bottom 0.00 6.82 -0.08
Top of slab 0.14 0.23
Top of girder 5.17 1.07 0.17
L/8 3270.37 10834.44 0.695 -848.81 -2024.62 348.59
Bottom -5.89 14.58 -0.47
Top of slab 0.48 0.34
Top of girder 8.72 -2.59 0.25
L/4 5524.19 10960.17 0.449 -848.81 -2024.62 508.17
Bottom -9.95 18.62 -0.68
Top of slab 0.78 0.41
Top of girder 11.05 -6.00 0.30
3L/8 6994.16 11086.87 0.226 -848.81 -2024.62 608.74
Bottom -12.60 22.42 -0.81
Top of slab 0.83 0.44
Top of girder 11.69 -6.59 0.32
L/2 7399.08 11209.96 0.193 -848.81 -2024.62 649.74
Bottom -13.33 23.28 -0.87

Section Live load Wind load - loaded structure Temp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.27 0.00 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.21 0.00 -0.92 0.86
End 418.64 0.37
Bottom -0.42 0.00 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.12 0.08 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.82 0.06 -0.92 0.86
L/8 1665.59 122.44
Bottom -2.23 -0.16 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.37 0.13 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.00 0.09 -0.92 0.86
L/4 2030.77 190.17
Bottom -2.72 -0.25 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.69 0.15 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.23 0.11 -0.92 0.86
3L/8 2502.31 229.12
Bottom -3.35 -0.31 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.96 0.16 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.43 0.12 -0.92 0.86
L/2 2913.63 239.28
Bottom -3.90 -0.32 1.83 -2.66

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6.3.8 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp (+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1

Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp (+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve) 0.6 0.6 1 1

b) Stresses of girder at different load casees

Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.24 0.23 0.17 0.16 3.09
Top of girder 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.33 2.32 2.28 2.27 1.78
End
Bottom 6.04 6.06 6.04 6.06 5.62 5.64 5.73 5.74 6.72
Top of slab 0.41 0.36 0.46 0.41 1.58 1.54 1.34 1.29 4.38
Top of girder 6.33 6.30 6.37 6.34 7.19 7.15 7.01 6.97 6.60
L/8
Bottom 6.67 6.77 6.57 6.67 4.35 4.44 4.84 4.93 5.54
Top of slab 0.84 0.77 0.92 0.85 2.29 2.22 2.00 1.93 5.06
Top of girder 6.69 6.64 6.75 6.70 7.75 7.70 7.53 7.48 7.14
L/4
Bottom 5.99 6.13 5.84 5.97 3.12 3.26 3.70 3.83 4.37
Top of slab 1.20 1.11 1.29 1.21 2.97 2.89 2.61 2.53 5.73
Top of girder 6.00 5.94 6.07 6.01 7.30 7.24 7.04 6.98 6.68
3L/8
Bottom 6.59 6.76 6.41 6.57 3.06 3.23 3.78 3.94 4.34
Top of slab 1.27 1.18 1.37 1.28 3.33 3.24 2.90 2.82 6.08
Top of girder 6.14 6.08 6.21 6.15 7.64 7.58 7.33 7.27 7.02
L/2
Bottom 6.57 6.75 6.38 6.55 2.48 2.66 3.33 3.50 3.77

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Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.08 -1.36 -1.37 4.92 4.91 -2.49 -2.50 4.92 -2.50
Top of girder 1.77 2.85 2.84 1.36 1.35 3.14 3.13 3.14 1.35
End
Bottom 6.73 4.02 4.04 7.56 7.57 3.07 3.08 7.57 3.07
Top of slab 4.33 -0.06 -0.11 6.00 5.95 -1.40 -1.45 6.00 -1.45
Top of girder 6.56 7.67 7.63 6.03 5.99 7.81 7.77 7.81 5.99
L/8
Bottom 5.64 2.85 2.94 6.83 6.92 2.34 2.43 6.92 2.34
Top of slab 4.99 0.61 0.55 6.61 6.55 -0.79 -0.86 6.61 -0.86
Top of girder 7.09 8.21 8.16 6.52 6.47 8.30 8.25 8.30 6.47
L/4
Bottom 4.51 1.68 1.81 5.78 5.92 1.29 1.43 6.13 1.29
Top of slab 5.65 1.29 1.20 7.21 7.13 -0.20 -0.28 7.21 -0.28
Top of girder 6.62 7.75 7.69 6.00 5.94 7.79 7.73 7.79 5.94
3L/8
Bottom 4.51 1.65 1.81 5.91 6.07 1.42 1.58 6.76 1.42
Top of slab 5.99 1.64 1.55 7.49 7.40 0.08 0.00 7.49 0.00
Top of girder 6.95 8.09 8.02 6.29 6.23 8.07 8.01 8.09 6.08
L/2
Bottom 3.95 1.08 1.25 5.48 5.65 0.99 1.16 6.75 0.99

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.22 0.21 0.15 0.14 3.07
Top of girder 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.58 2.79 2.79 2.74 2.73 2.24
End
Bottom 7.41 7.42 7.41 7.42 6.98 7.00 7.09 7.11 8.08
Top of slab 0.44 0.39 0.49 0.44 1.61 1.56 1.36 1.32 4.41
Top of girder 6.55 6.51 6.58 6.55 7.40 7.37 7.22 7.19 6.81
L/8
Bottom 9.59 9.68 9.49 9.58 7.26 7.36 7.76 7.85 8.46
Top of slab 0.94 0.87 1.01 0.95 2.38 2.31 2.09 2.02 5.15
Top of girder 6.18 6.13 6.23 6.18 7.23 7.18 7.02 6.97 6.62
L/4
Bottom 9.71 9.85 9.56 9.70 6.84 6.98 7.42 7.56 8.09
Top of slab 1.35 1.27 1.45 1.36 3.13 3.05 2.77 2.69 5.89
Top of girder 4.80 4.74 4.87 4.81 6.10 6.04 5.84 5.78 5.48
3L/8
Bottom 11.08 11.24 10.89 11.06 7.55 7.71 8.26 8.42 8.83
Top of slab 1.44 1.35 1.53 1.45 3.49 3.41 3.07 2.98 6.25
Top of girder 4.82 4.76 4.89 4.83 6.32 6.26 6.01 5.95 5.70
L/2
Bottom 11.23 11.40 11.04 11.21 7.14 7.31 7.98 8.16 8.43

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 Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 3.06 -1.38 -1.39 4.90 4.89 -2.51 -2.52 4.90 -2.52
Top of girder 2.23 3.31 3.30 1.82 1.81 3.60 3.59 3.60 1.81
End
Bottom 8.10 5.39 5.40 8.92 8.94 4.43 4.44 8.94 4.43
Top of slab 4.36 -0.03 -0.08 6.03 5.98 -1.38 -1.42 6.03 -1.42
Top of girder 6.78 7.88 7.85 6.24 6.21 8.02 7.99 8.02 6.21
L/8
Bottom 8.55 5.77 5.86 9.75 9.84 5.26 5.35 9.84 5.26
Top of slab 5.09 0.71 0.64 6.71 6.64 -0.69 -0.76 6.71 -0.76
Top of girder 6.57 7.69 7.64 6.00 5.95 7.78 7.73 7.78 5.95
L/4
Bottom 8.23 5.40 5.54 9.51 9.64 5.01 5.15 9.85 5.01
Top of slab 5.80 1.44 1.36 7.36 7.28 -0.04 -0.12 7.36 -0.12
Top of girder 5.42 6.55 6.49 4.80 4.74 6.58 6.53 6.58 4.74
3L/8
Bottom 8.99 6.13 6.30 10.39 10.56 5.90 6.07 11.24 5.90
Top of slab 6.16 1.80 1.72 7.65 7.57 0.25 0.16 7.65 0.16
Top of girder 5.64 6.77 6.70 4.97 4.91 6.75 6.69 6.77 4.76
L/2
Bottom 8.60 5.73 5.91 10.13 10.31 5.64 5.82 11.40 5.64
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.48 x fck = 21.60 Mpa > 11.4 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -2.29 Mpa < 0.99 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile force = -546.60 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 1980.4 mm2 Ast provided= 3365.99 mm
Hence Provide 10 T @ 140 c/c +10 T @ 140 c/c at top

6.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

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 Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp (+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve) 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.17 0.16 0.02 0.01 2.55
Top of girder 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.28 2.27 2.17 2.16 1.82
End
Bottom 6.04 6.06 6.04 6.06 5.73 5.74 5.96 5.97 6.64
Top of slab 0.41 0.36 0.46 0.41 1.29 1.25 0.69 0.64 3.63
Top of girder 6.33 6.30 6.37 6.34 6.98 6.94 6.53 6.50 6.49
L/8
Bottom 6.67 6.77 6.57 6.67 4.92 5.01 6.13 6.22 5.92
Top of slab 0.84 0.77 0.92 0.85 1.93 1.86 1.19 1.12 4.24
Top of girder 6.69 6.64 6.75 6.70 7.49 7.44 6.95 6.90 6.98
L/4
Bottom 5.99 6.13 5.84 5.97 3.83 3.96 5.29 5.43 4.87
Top of slab 1.20 1.11 1.29 1.21 2.54 2.46 1.63 1.54 4.83
Top of girder 6.00 5.94 6.07 6.01 6.98 6.92 6.32 6.26 6.46
3L/8
Bottom 6.59 6.76 6.41 6.57 3.93 4.09 5.74 5.90 5.00
Top of slab 1.27 1.18 1.37 1.28 2.82 2.73 1.76 1.67 5.12
Top of girder 6.14 6.08 6.21 6.15 7.27 7.21 6.50 6.43 6.75
L/2
Bottom 6.57 6.75 6.38 6.55 3.49 3.66 5.60 5.77 4.56

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Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.53 -1.16 -1.17 2.87 2.86 -1.57 -1.58 2.87 -1.58
Top of girder 1.81 2.71 2.70 1.61 1.61 2.68 2.67 2.71 1.61
End
Bottom 6.66 4.40 4.41 7.06 7.07 4.36 4.38 7.07 4.36
Top of slab 3.58 -0.08 -0.12 3.48 3.44 -0.96 -1.01 3.63 -1.01
Top of girder 6.45 7.38 7.34 5.95 5.91 7.01 6.98 7.38 5.91
L/8
Bottom 6.01 3.67 3.76 7.32 7.42 4.63 4.72 7.42 3.67
Top of slab 4.17 0.54 0.47 3.96 3.90 -0.48 -0.55 4.24 -0.55
Top of girder 6.93 7.87 7.82 6.34 6.29 7.41 7.36 7.87 6.29
L/4
Bottom 5.00 2.62 2.76 6.54 6.68 3.85 3.99 6.68 2.62
Top of slab 4.75 1.13 1.05 4.38 4.30 -0.06 -0.14 4.83 -0.14
Top of girder 6.40 7.35 7.29 5.70 5.64 6.77 6.71 7.35 5.64
3L/8
Bottom 5.16 2.75 2.92 7.02 7.18 4.33 4.49 7.18 2.75
Top of slab 5.03 1.41 1.33 4.51 4.42 0.07 -0.02 5.12 -0.02
Top of girder 6.69 7.64 7.58 5.87 5.81 6.94 6.88 7.64 5.81
L/2
Bottom 4.74 2.32 2.49 6.89 7.06 4.20 4.37 7.06 2.32

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.15 0.14 0.00 -0.01 2.52
Top of girder 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.58 2.74 2.73 2.63 2.62 2.28
End
Bottom 7.41 7.42 7.41 7.42 7.09 7.11 7.32 7.34 8.00
Top of slab 0.44 0.39 0.49 0.44 1.32 1.28 0.71 0.67 3.66
Top of girder 6.55 6.51 6.58 6.55 7.19 7.16 6.75 6.71 6.70
L/8
Bottom 9.59 9.68 9.49 9.58 7.84 7.93 9.05 9.14 8.83
Top of slab 0.94 0.87 1.01 0.95 2.03 1.96 1.29 1.22 4.34
Top of girder 6.18 6.13 6.23 6.18 6.97 6.92 6.43 6.38 6.46
L/4
Bottom 9.71 9.85 9.56 9.70 7.55 7.69 9.02 9.15 8.59
Top of slab 1.35 1.27 1.45 1.36 2.69 2.61 1.78 1.70 4.99
Top of girder 4.80 4.74 4.87 4.81 5.78 5.72 5.12 5.06 5.26
3L/8
Bottom 11.08 11.24 10.89 11.06 8.41 8.58 10.22 10.39 9.48
Top of slab 1.44 1.35 1.53 1.45 2.99 2.90 1.93 1.84 5.28
Top of girder 4.82 4.76 4.89 4.83 5.95 5.89 5.18 5.11 5.43
L/2
Bottom 11.23 11.40 11.04 11.21 8.14 8.32 10.26 10.43 9.22

Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.51 -1.18 -1.19 2.85 2.84 -1.59 -1.60 2.85 -1.60
Top of girder 2.27 3.17 3.16 2.08 2.07 3.14 3.14 3.17 2.07
End
Bottom 8.02 5.76 5.78 8.42 8.44 5.72 5.74 8.44 5.72
Top of slab 3.61 -0.05 -0.09 3.51 3.47 -0.93 -0.98 3.66 -0.98
Top of girder 6.67 7.59 7.56 6.16 6.13 7.23 7.19 7.59 6.13
L/8
Bottom 8.93 6.59 6.68 10.24 10.33 7.55 7.64 10.33 6.59
Top of slab 4.27 0.63 0.57 4.06 3.99 -0.38 -0.45 4.34 -0.45
Top of girder 6.41 7.35 7.30 5.82 5.77 6.89 6.84 7.35 5.77
L/4
Bottom 8.73 6.35 6.48 10.27 10.40 7.57 7.71 10.40 6.35
Top of slab 4.91 1.29 1.21 4.54 4.46 0.10 0.01 4.99 0.01
Top of girder 5.20 6.15 6.09 4.50 4.44 5.57 5.51 6.15 4.44
3L/8
Bottom 9.64 7.24 7.40 11.50 11.67 8.81 8.97 11.67 7.24
Top of slab 5.19 1.58 1.49 4.68 4.59 0.23 0.15 5.28 0.15
Top of girder 5.37 6.32 6.26 4.56 4.49 5.62 5.56 6.32 4.49
L/2
Bottom 9.39 6.97 7.15 11.54 11.72 8.85 9.02 11.72 6.97

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 Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 11.7 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 2.32 Mpa Hence O.K.

6.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Grade of concrete = M45 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 34313 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 20.10 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3000 0.00350 20.10
225 11394 kN
267.10
NA NA
2475 300

193 250 0.0264 11394 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
750
Top width of girder = 3000 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 193 mm
Depth of girder = 2475 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1546 mm Actual neutral axis depth 267.10 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.02640 The Section is under reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 11394 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 11394 kN
Compressive force CG 111.11 mm Moment of resistance = 24734 kNm
> 15855 kNm Hence O.K.
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 79 7707 11678 14605 15855
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 7919 8017 8142 8269 8392
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00501 0.00507 0.00515 0.00523 0.00531
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 961 695 449 226 193
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 253 267 267 267 267
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0224 0.0249 0.0282 0.0312 0.0317
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 18571 22503 25814 28818 29266
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Factor of Safety associated with failure 233.70 2.92 2.21 1.97 1.85
6.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 63.82 kN 2.3 %
Relaxation 24.51 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 38.51 kN 1.4 % 38.51 kN 1.4 %
Shrinkage 22.61 kN 0.8 %
Relaxation 52.33 kN 1.9 % 24.51 kN 0.9 %
Creep 78.03 kN 2.9 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 17.04 kN 0.6 % 17.04 kN 0.6 %
Relaxation 13.91 kN 0.5 % 41.73 kN 1.5 %
Creep 39.45 kN 1.4 % 39.45 kN 1.4 %
At 90 days
Shrinkage 11.64 kN 0.4 % 11.64 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 15.19 kN 0.6 % 15.19 kN 0.6 %
At α days
Shrinkage 85.91 kN 3.1 % 85.91 kN 3.1 %
Relaxation 132.47 kN 4.8 % 132.47 kN 4.8 %
Creep 115.10 kN 4.2 % 115.10 kN 4.2 %
Total 710.50 kN/cable 26.0 % 521.53 kN 19.1 %
Total loss 2817.72 kN

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 Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.22 3.22 3.22 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of 311.93 315.89 321.51 153.75 0.00
cable 1 to 3

Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 1862 1332 828 764 336
Moment 79 7707 11678 14605 15855
6.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement
i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 45 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, N Ed = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 α
fcd = cc *fck/ γ m where, α cc =0.67 and γm = 1.5

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 7919.5 8016.7 8142.4 8269.1 8392.2
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1289 1555 1801 2024 2057
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
K 1.363 1.335 1.314 1.298 1.296
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.007 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.012
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1227.0 642.5 710.3 771.0 780.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8

ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.53 Mpa
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress
7919.5 8016.7 8142.4 8269.1 8392.2
Force after
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of the
Effective
1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
Depthdue
Stress of
4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
to Prestress
Design
1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53
tensile
First
3.49E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09
moment of
Transmissio
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
n length of
Moment
1.5E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12
Inertia
Design (I)
939.3 457.3 457.3 457.3 457.3
Shear

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iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 4.17 8.35 12.53 16.70
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 1862.1 1332.0 827.7 763.9 335.8
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 311.9 315.9 321.5 153.7 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1550.2 1016.1 506.2 610.2 335.8
Precast member Area (m2) 1.80 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08
Zb (m3) 0.69 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
Composite member Area (m2) 2.48 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76
Zb (m3) 0.99 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.7315 1.3526 -2.7736 -6.6096 -7.2590
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 939.32 457.33 556.90 614.28 622.83
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5854 2753 3133 3477 3529
Not Not Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required
Required Required Required
iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::
The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M45
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 20.1 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00097 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1550.2 1016.1 506.2 610.2 335.8
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.63 1.97 2.27 2.53 2.57
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) -1.24E+127 23.66 30.51 22.38 22.38 22.38
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.72 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 5.027 3.217 1.810 1.810 1.810
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accounting
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
capacity of
Difference
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 6502.99 3750.24 3462.92 3865.91 3926.08
Factor of Safety associated with failure 4.19 3.69 6.84 6.34 11.69
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 1768.89 862.19 614.62 740.91 407.77
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 1817.64 4764.69 5769.55 6515.47 6580.74
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.

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6.6. Anchor Block
Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's Catalog Size of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 39.59 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 31.67 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2443.65 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.20 N/mm < 19.00 N/mm Hence O.K.

Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2443.65 = 381.21 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1007.79 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm

Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1011.164 mm
2
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm
2
Ast 1759.425 mm
Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing
2
Ast 3216.991 mm

Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
351.885 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm

Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.

Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing

Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))

Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2639.302 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 116.7693 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 19.45 N/m
2
> 0.80 N/m
Hence OK

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6.7. Interface Shear Design for Composite section
The shear stress that arises between the interfaces of concrete placed at different times is reffered to as interface
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinforcement placed across the shear plane.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z= Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M45
µ= friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ= As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area of the joint
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α= the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 20.10 Mpa

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 1550.21 1016.09 506.16 610.17 335.82
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Interface Width bi ( mm) 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 0.86 0.47 0.20 0.22 0.12
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 10 10 10 10 10
Number of legs provided 4 4 4 4 4
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 150 150 150 150 150
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 1875 1875 1875 1875 1875
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 281250 281250 281250 281250 281250
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

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 6.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2250 = 1215 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 1.08125 m2
=0.15%x1.08x1000000 = 1621.875 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 675 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 810 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 810 mm /m
Hence O.K.
6.9 Calculation for Deflection of Longitudinal girders
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.33E+07 kN/m2
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.189 1.199 1.199 1.199 1.199
Moment of 0.821 0.665 0.665 0.665 0.665
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Moment -3491.25 -5252.11 -6765.55 -8074.56 -8156.17
Moment -5.63 1777.70 3005.92 3746.21 3981.80
Total
moment -3496.9 -3474.4 -3759.6 -4328.3 -4174.4
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00016 -0.00017 -0.00020 -0.00019

4.17 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
-0.00016 2 -0.00020
-0.000128 4 3 -0.000170 -0.000189
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 5 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 4.175 2.088 -0.00016 -0.00014 -0.001242
C 3 4.175 6.262 -0.00017 -0.00016 -0.004273
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.00020 -0.00018 -0.007962
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.00019 -0.00019 -0.011718
Total -0.025194
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -25 mm
= - L/ 1326

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(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days
Young Modulus = 3.43E+07 Mpa
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Moment 1110.02 -75.23 -1248.00 -2441.94 -2843.63
Moment 276.35 411.89 523.70 616.94 616.98
Total 1386.4 336.7 -724.3 -1825.0 -2226.7
M/EI 0.0000492 0.0000147 -0.0000317 -0.0000799 -0.00010

4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
2
0.0000147 -0.0000799
0.0000492 4 3 -0.000032 -0.0000975
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 28 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000492
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000147 0.0000320 0.0002787
C 3 4.175 6.262 -0.000032 -0.0000085 -0.000222
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.000080 -0.0000558 -0.002433
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.000098 -0.0000887 -0.005413
Total -0.007789
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -7.789 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -32.983 mm = - L/ 1013
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of all 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Loss 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399
Moment 77.501 171.749 255.289 331.088 342.405
Moment -9.009 1047.885 1810.638 2279.249 2453.719
Total 68.492 1219.635 2065.927 2610.337 2796.123
M/EI 0.0000024 0.0000534 0.0000905 0.0001143 0.00012
4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000534 0.0001143
4 0.0000905 0.0001225
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 60 days

109 of 178
 At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000024
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000534 0.0000279 0.0002434 0.00134
C 3 4.175 6.262 0.0000905 0.0000719 0.0018812
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0001143 0.0001024 0.0044624
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0001225 0.0001184 0.0072229
Total 0.0138099
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 13.810 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-32.983+13.810 = -19.173 mm

(iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load

Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.509 1.646 1.646 1.646 1.646
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Moment of 1.500 1.231 1.231 1.231 1.231
Loss 1554.995 1554.995 1554.995 1554.995 1554.99
Moment 851.763 1479.909 1861.529 2207.789 2259.5
Total 851.763 1479.909 1861.529 2207.789 2259.5
M/EI 0.0000165 0.0000350 0.0000441 0.0000523 0.00005
4.175 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000350 0.0000523
4 0.0000441 0.0000535
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000165
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000350
0.0000258 0.0002248 0.00069
C 3 4.175 6.262 0.0000441
0.0000396 0.0010344
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0000523
0.0000482 0.0020995
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0000535
0.0000529 0.0032267
Total 0.0065853
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 6.585 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 6.257 mm L/ 5338

110 of 178
7.0 Calculation of Stresses for Girder LG4 = 34.400 m
7.1. Load calculation
7.1.1 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Precast girder only
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
2
Cross-sectional area at span = 1.081 m
2
Cross-sectional area at support = 1.801 m
Unit Weight at span = 27.03 kN/m
Unit Weight at support = 45.02 kN/m
Thickness of intermediate Cross Girder = 0.30 m
Thickness of end Cross Girder = 0.60 m
1.250 1.750 1.250

0.475 0.2
0.1 0.053

2.25 1.800 1.450

0.25
0.25

0.225 0.225
0.75 2.250 0.75
Part of intermediate cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.08-0.75x0.25)}x0.3x25 = 12.05 kN
Part of End cross girder {1.25x(2.25-0.25)-(1.80-0.75x0.25)}x0.6x25 = 13.30 kN
= 13.30 kN
= 12.05 kN = 12.05 kN
45.02 45.02
27.03
0.500 2.00 2.00 25.40 2.00 2.00 0.500

0.500 33.400 0.500

11.1 34.400
Support Reaction = 553.24 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Dist. for prop. Section(m) 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Shear Force (kN) 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
7.1.2 Construction load and weight of shuttering & proping.
2
Assume, Construction Live load = 0.500 kN/m
Assume, UDL for weight of shuttering = 5.000 kN/m
Effective width of deck slab for end girder = 3.250 m
Weight of shuttering & Conc. Live load = 6.625 kN/m
6.625

0.500 33.40 0.500

Support Reaction = 113.95 kN
Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections of outer girders
Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -0.8 403.3 692.0 865.3 923.0
Shear 110.6 83.0 55.3 27.7 0.0

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7.1.3 Dead Load Moment & Shear for Deck slab & X-girder
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.000 kN/m
Thickness of deck slab = 0.225 m2
Thickness of deck slab at expansion joint = 0.400 m
Average width of deck slab at support = 3.250 m
Wt. of End X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.6x25 = 26.250 kN
Wt of Inner X-girder (1.75/2x(2.25-0.25))x0.3x25 = 13.125 kN
= 26.250 = 13.125 = 26.250
0.5
18.281 14.22 kN/m

0.800 33.40 0.800

Support Reaction = 359.84 kN

Table : Maximum BM & SF at critical sections

Section At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
Bending Moment (kNm) -9.8 1132.9 1957.0 2462.3 2649.1
Shear 311.9 235.5 159.2 82.9 6.6

7.1.4 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force for outer girder
a) Bending Moment (kNm) 4.30 8.60 12.90 17.20
Description At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
1 SEISMIC X DIR 57.988 -54.561 75.636 81.891 78.991
2 SEISMIC Y DIR -32.045 -164.748 273.588 -342.965 363.054
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 59.356 41.688 29.544 -29.804 34.102
Precast girder only -5.6 1777.7 3005.9 3746.2 3981.8
Construction load -0.8 403.3 692.0 865.3 923.0
Deck slab & X-girder -9.8 1132.9 1957.0 2462.3 2649.1
Crash Baarrier -89.3 718.3 993.1 1268.2 1383.8
Total wt of deck slab = -104.7 3628.9 5955.9 7476.7 8014.7
SIDL from staad output 82.8 249.4 387.6 461.7 468.6
Removal of shutter -107.8 -479.1 -737.9 -888.4 -930.6
Footpath live load 47.4 -242.3 -377.8 -438.0 -498.19
Live load 237.1 1148.4 2085.7 2458.9 2391.3
Total Live Load 237.1 1148.4 2085.7 2458.9 2391.3
Wind load (unloaded structure) 1.4 240.5 369.7 445.1 466.54
Wind load (loaded structure) 1.2 206.4 317.3 382.0 400.4
Construction load (1.5kN/m2) -0.2 98.9 169.7 212.2 226.4
Total 237.1 1148.4 2085.7 2458.9 2391.3

b) Shear force (kN) For SIDL & Live load - Refer STAAD Output
Desription At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
1 SEISMIC X DIR 14.2 12.2 7.8 7.1 10.0
2 SEISMIC Y DIR 34.5 31.3 23.7 13.0 0.1
3 SEISMIC Z DIR 5.6 5.7 5.7 4.3 3.1
Precast girder only 517.4 355.3 237.8 67.8 0.0
Deck slab & X-girder 311.9 235.5 159.2 82.9 6.6
Crash Baarrier 134.7 28.1 -7.8 -13.0 9.5
Total DL 964.0 619.0 389.1 137.7 16.1
SIDL from staad output -33.4 24.4 5.7 -65.6 2.6
Footpath live load 34.5 -12.2 -45.6 24.3 -1.8 14.2875
Live load incl. snow load 229.4 231.0 233.3 84.5 86.3
Total Live Load incl.snow load 229.4 231.0 233.3 84.5 86.3
Wind load (unloaded structure) 34.5 -31.3 50.0 12.4 -1.5
Wind load (loaded structure) -5.6 5.7 32.5 13.6 -7.1
Construction load 27.1 20.4 13.6 6.8 0.0
Total 2416.8 1686.6 1287.4 429.1 196.9

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7.1.5 Load Combination - Ultimate limit state
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
2) Dead load +SIDL+ wind load (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(lead) + wind load (accompany) (loaded structure)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load(accompany) + wind load(lead) (loaded structure)
5) Dead load +SIDL+construction Live load(leading) + wind load(accompany)
Transverse Vertical
Load Case DL SIDL Live load Wind load Long. Seismic
Seismic Seismic
1 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (b) 1 1 1.5
3 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 0.9
3 (b) 1 1 1.5 0.9
4 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.15 1.5
4 (b) 1 1 1.15 1.5
5 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.35 0.9
5 (b) 1 1 1.35 0.9
7 (a) 1.35 1.75 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.75 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5
7 (d) 1 1 0.2 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (e) 1 1 0.2 0.45 1.5 0.45
7 (f) 1 1 0.2 0.45 0.45 1.5

a) Moment At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 359.2 7058.0 11847.4 14589.9 15226.8
2 (a) 5.3 5644.9 9194.7 11474.5 12240.4
2 (b) -20.1 4187.8 6819.5 8511.4 9083.8
3 (a) 360.3 7243.7 12132.9 14933.6 15587.1
3 (b) 334.8 5786.6 9757.7 11970.5 12430.6
4 (a) 278.0 6965.6 11593.3 14302.2 14990.4
4 (b) 252.6 5508.5 9218.1 11339.1 11833.8
5 (a) 324.7 7071.5 11820.1 14564.8 15228.4
5 (b) 299.3 5614.3 9444.8 11601.7 12071.9
7 (a) 150.2 5427.8 9385.8 11348.4 12415.3
7 (b) 151.6 5528.9 9337.4 11231.2 12368.2
7 (c) 55.6 5312.1 9593.6 10902.3 12713.6
7 (d) 124.7 3970.7 7010.5 8385.3 9258.7
7 (e) 126.2 4071.8 6962.1 8268.0 9211.6
7 (f) 30.2 3855.0 7218.4 7939.2 9557.0
Maximum -20.1 7243.7 12132.9 14933.6 15587.1

b) Shear At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2

1 1587.0 1224.7 885.1 197.9 155.7
2 (a) 1234.5 886.8 584.0 91.6 15.5
2 (b) 922.2 651.9 443.5 92.6 8.0
3 (a) 1581.9 1229.9 914.4 210.2 149.3
3 (b) 1269.6 995.0 773.9 211.1 141.7
4 (a) 1498.3 1152.5 852.2 188.8 114.8
4 (b) 1185.9 917.6 711.8 189.8 107.2
5 (a) 1547.5 1195.2 879.4 197.5 136.3
5 (b) 1235.2 960.3 739.0 198.5 128.8
7 (a) 1328.1 959.3 606.9 106.5 59.9
7 (b) 1319.1 952.6 604.6 103.5 52.7
7 (c) 1349.5 979.4 623.6 112.7 49.5
7 (d) 1015.8 724.4 466.4 107.5 52.3
7 (e) 1006.8 717.7 464.1 104.5 45.1
7 (f) 1037.2 744.5 483.1 113.7 41.9
Maximum 1587.0 1229.9 914.4 211.1 155.7

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7.1.6 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
Load Case DL SIDL Prestress Live load Wind load Temperature
1(a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9
1(b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9
2 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1
2 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
3 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
4 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
4 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
5 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 1 0.6
6 (a) 1 1.2 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1
6 (b) 1 1 1.1 or 0.9 0.75 1

7.2 Cable Details

Maximum midspan Moment for outer girder =
Precast Girder Only = 3981.80 kN-m
Deck Slab & Cross Girder = 2649.06 kN-m
SIDL = 468.56 kN-m
Wind load = 240.22 kN-m
Live Load = 2391.30 kN-m
Total Moment = 9730.9 kN-m
Sectional Properties Inner Composite Girder at Midspan :-
Area - A = 1.756 m2
Moment of Inertia - I = 1.231 m4
CG from bottom = 1.646 m
Z Bottom = 0.748 m3
Assume Nos. of Cable = N
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands P = 3490 kN
Applied Force = 2733 kN
CG From bottom = 0.193 m
"e" from CG of Girder = 1.453 m
Assum overall Loss = 30 %
Stress at bottom of Girder = NP/A+NP*e/ZBottom-M/Zbottom = 0
N = (M/ZBottom)/(P/A+P*e/ZBottom) = 2.71
Say, No of Cables Provided = 4.32

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7.2.1 Calculation of Friction & Slip loss

0.400

5 0.375

X X X 4 0.375
2.25
5 3 0.375

4 0.180 2 0.375

1 3 2 0.180 1 0.350
0.125
0.195 0.360 0.195
0.75 0.75
Section at Midspan Section at Support
0.50 16.700
Y
4.50
1 2 X 0.18
0.18

0.15 17.200

Cable profile in Plan

0.15
0.400
0.375 5
0.375
4
0.375 3
2
0.375 0.180
1 0.180
0.35 0.125
0.50 5.800 4.50 3.50 2.900
.
Cable profile in Elevation
Vertical bending of Cable 1 =Tan-1{(0.35-0.125)/(0.5+5.8-0.15)} = 2.095 o
Vertical bending of Cable 2 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375-0.125-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5-0.15)} = 3.225 o
Vertical bending of Cable 3 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.8+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 3.942 o
Vertical bending of Cable 4 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 4.727 o
o
Vertical bending of Cable 5 =Tan-1{(0.35+0.375+0.375+0.375+0.375-0.125-0.18-0.18)/(0.5+5.800+4.5+3.5-0.15)}= 5.510
Radius for 1 to 3 = 20 m
Horizontal bending of Cable 1 2.944 o
Horizontal bending of Cable 2 2.944 o
Position of Cable
Anchorage Location of vertical Bending
Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z
1 0.000 0.000 0.350 6.150 0.000 0.125
2 0.000 0.000 0.725 10.650 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 1.10 14.150 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 1.475 14.150 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 1.85 14.150 0.000 0.485

Start of Horizontal Bending End of Horizontal Bending Midspan

Cable No.
X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 6.150 0.000 0.125 10.650 0.180 0.125 17.050 0.180 0.125
2 6.150 0.000 0.379 10.650 -0.180 0.125 17.050 -0.180 0.125
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.125
4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.305
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 17.050 0.000 0.485

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C.G. of Cables from Bottom of girder at different Locations
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050 Distance from
Cable 1 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125 Anchorage End
Cable 2 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Cable 4 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485

Friction & Slip Loss

Type of Tendon = 19T/13
2
Modulous of Elasticity (E) = 195 Gpa = 1.95E+08 kN/m
Refer figure 6.3, clause no.7.9.2, table no. 18.4 of IRC 112-2011
Cross Sectional Area(A) = 1877 mm2
Ultimate Force of each 19T13 strands(Breaking load each strand =183.7 kN) = 3490.30 kN
Applied Force -P(je) = (90% of 0.1% proof load = =0.9*0.87*183.7)= 2733 kN
Cofficient of Friction (µ) = 0.17 per radian
Wobble factor (k) = 0.002 per meter
Slip (∆L) = 6 mm.
P(je)=P(x)e (µφ+kl) or P(x)=P(je)/e (µφ+kl)

Cable 1 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2476.02
1-2 6.154 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.47 2509.45
2-3 4.504 3.614 0.063 1.0199
3 2646.74 2562.18
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2590.35 2590.35

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 6.154 4.504 6.400
2732.90 2699.47 2646.74
1 2 3 2590.35
= 4
= 2562.18 2604.46
4.798
2476.02 2509.45
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2604.462 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.798 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.115 m
Extension of cable at each side = 130.33 mm

Cable 2 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2470.80
1-2 6.160 0.00 0.000 1.0124
2 2699.44 2504.26
2-3 4.511 4.366 0.076 1.0222
3 2640.77 2562.94
3-4 6.400 2.944 0.051 1.0218
4 2584.50 2584.50
6.160 4.511 6.400
2732.90 2699.44
1 2 2640.77 2584.50
= 3
= 2601.85 4
2504.26 2562.94
2470.80 4.426
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2601.85 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 3 = 4.426 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.32 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.32 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.000 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = 34.141 m
Extension of cable = 130.29 mm

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Cable 3 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2507.46
1-2 14.184 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.47 2583.90
2-3 2.900 3.942 0.069 1.0176
3 2610.40 2610.40
14.184 2.900
2732.90 2656.47
1 2 2610.40
= 3
= 2620.18
2583.90 2.284
2507.46
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2620.184 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.284 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.184+2.9)x2 = 34.167 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.27 mm

Cable 4 19 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 2732.90 2506.92
1-2 14.198 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 2656.39 2583.43
2-3 2.900 4.727 0.082 1.0200
3 2604.25 2604.25
14.198 2.900
2732.90 2656.39
1 2 2604.25
= 3
= 2619.91
2583.43 2.029
2506.92
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 2619.91 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 2.029 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 2196.324 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 2196.324 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 2196.32-2196.32 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.198+2.9)x2 = 34.197 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.36 mm

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Cable5 6 T13
Deflection Force after Force after
Length (l) in
Node Link
meter
Angle (φ) Radian e (µφ+kl) friction loss slip loss
Degree (kN) (kN)
1 863.02 791.52
1-2 14.216 0.00 0.000 1.0288
2 838.83 815.72
2-3 2.900 5.510 0.096 1.0224
3 820.46 820.46
14.216 2.900
863.02 838.83
1 2 820.46
= 3
= 827.27
815.72 1.824
791.52
Force Diagram before & after Slip Loss
Assume Force of zero slip = 827.2737 kN
Point of Zero Slip from node 1 = 1.824 m
Area of Shaded Portion = ExAx∆L = 693.576 kN-m
Area of Shaded Portion = 693.576 kN-m
Diferance of these two forces = 693.58-693.58 = 0.00 kN-m
Hence O.K.
Length of Cable = (14.216+2.9)x2 = 34.231 m
Extension of cable at each side = 131.46 mm

7.2.2 Summary of Cable Forces after Friction & Slip at different Points
Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.095 2.095 2.095 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 0.000 0.000
C.G. 0.337 0.184 0.125 0.125 0.125
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.225 3.225 3.225 0.000 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 2.944 2.944 0.000
C. G. 0.705 0.470 0.235 0.125 0.125
Cable 3 2509.35 2531.85 2554.35 2576.85 2610.40
Vert. angle 3.942 3.942 3.942 3.942 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.180 0.000
C. G. 1.076 0.788 0.501 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces 7448.47 7516.22 7612.46 7709.66 7785.25
Normal at
CG of Cable 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Total cable
forces Per. 402.18 405.83 410.84 177.14 0.00
Cable 4 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.727 4.727 4.727 4.727 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.446 1.101 0.756 0.410 0.305
Cable 5 792.12 799.23 806.33 813.43 820.46
Vert. angle 5.510 5.510 5.510 5.510 0.000
Hor. angle 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C. G. 1.816 1.413 1.011 0.608 0.485
Total cable
forces 2nd
3288.73 3318.22 3347.72 3377.21 3424.70
stage
CG of Cable 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Total cable
forces Per.
282.80 285.33 287.87 290.40 0.00
Overall
CG of 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
% loss 15.5 % 14.7 % 13.6 % 12.7 % 11.9 %

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7.2.3 Length of Cables and Extension at each End
Cable No Total Length
Extension at each End
(m) (mm)
Cable 1 34.115 130.33
Cable 2 34.141 130.29
Cable 3 34.167 131.27
Cable 4 34.197 131.36
Cable 5 34.231 131.46
7.3 Stress Calculation of girder
After 5 days casting of Precast Girder, first stage Cables shall be stressed as per given force & elongation.
Second stage Cables shall be stressed after 28 days of casting of precast girder. After that all Precast Girders
shall be erected at bearing locations and Deck slab & X-Girder shall be cast erecting necessary shuttering from
precast girder at 60 days. After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e. after 90 days casting of Precast Girder,
all shuttering material shall be removed and SIDL shall be laid. In such case Precast Longitudinal Girder shall be
checked for DL of Precast Girder, wt of Deck slab, wt of X-girder at 60 days. But composite girder
(precast girder+RCC deck) shall be checked for SIDL & Live load cases.
7.3.1 Loss calculation
7.3.1.1 Loss due to Elastic Shortening
Refer clause no.6.4.2.2, Annexure A-2 of IRC 112-2011 Average loss in Cable Stress = 1/2 m f c
f cm (t) = βcc(t)f cm βcc(t) = exp{S[1-(28/(t/t1)0^0.5]}
f ck = Grade of concrete = M 45
f cm (t) = mean concrete compressive strength at age 't' days
f cm = mean concrete compressive strength at age '28' days = 55 Mpa
t = Age of concrete in days = 14 days
t1 = 1 day S = 0.25
βcc(t) = 0.90 f cm (t) = 49.59 Mpa
f ck (t) = 39.59 Mpa
corresponding Ecm = 22x(f cm/12.5)^0.3 = 33.26 Gpa
Ep = 195.00 Gpa m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.86
To calculate average stress fc at CG of Cables due to Prestress and
Depth of Girder = 2.250 m Assume, Elastic Shortening = 63.82 kN/Cable
2.34 %
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm Number of cables (cable 1 to 3) = 3.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Sustained Stress of precast girder only at 5 days :-
Section Cable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Dead Load Dead Load Total Stress at
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.48 -0.01 -0.49
End 7448.47 7257.02 0.707 -5.63 6.08
B 9.09 0.01 9.09
T -1.52 2.81 1.29
L/8 7516.22 7324.77 0.482 1777.70 10.52
B 16.24 -3.20 13.04
T -3.82 4.75 0.93
L/4 7612.46 7421.00 0.287 3005.92 12.01
B 19.05 -5.42 13.64
T -5.80 5.92 0.12
3L/8 7709.66 7518.21 0.125 3746.21 13.94
B 21.50 -6.75 14.75
T -5.86 6.29 0.43
L/2 7785.25 7593.80 0.125 3981.80 13.76
B 21.72 -7.18 14.55

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 Average stress fc = (6.08+2x(10.52+12.01+13.94)+13.76)/8 = 11.60 Mpa
Average Loss of cable stress = 1/2 m fc = 34.00 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = 1/2 m fc As = 63.82 kN
-5.86 Mpa 6.29 Mpa 0.43 Mpa
> -2.11
Mpa
X X
+ = < 23.80
Mpa
Hence O.K.

21.72 Mpa -7.18 Mpa 14.55 Mpa

Precast 1st stage Stress due to Stress at 7
Girder stressing DL of Girder days
Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 5 days of Casting of Girder
Permissible Compressive stress 0.48xfcm(t) = 23.80 MPa
Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.11 MPa

7.3.1.2 Loss due to Relaxation of Steel (clause no. 6.3.6 of IRC 112-2011)
Total Relaxation Loss at service condition = 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Initial force after Friction, slip & ES loss (7257+2x(7325+7421+7518)+7594)/8 = 7422.35 kN
Percentage of Initial force = 0.709 UTS
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel = 2.68 % of initial force
Relaxation Loss at 1000hr. for low relaxation steel 7422.35/3x2.68/100 = 66.23 kN/Cable

Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing as per Table 6.2 of IRC 112-2011, = 37 % of Total Loss
5 - 28 days Loss 14 days 336 = 42.00 % of Total Loss
28 - 60 days Loss 32 days 768 = 21.00 % of Total Loss
60 - 90 days Loss 30 days = 0.00 % of Total Loss
90 - α days Loss = 200.0 % of Total Loss
i.e. 3 x (1000 hr. value)
Immediate Loss i.e 1 hr. of stressing = 24.51 kN/Cable
5 - 28 days Loss = 27.82 kN/Cable
28 - 60 days Loss = 13.91 kN/Cable
60 - 90 days Loss = 0.00 kN/Cable
90-α days Loss = 132.47 kN/Cable
Total = 198.70 kN/Cable
198.703 7.27 %

7.3.1.3 Computation of shrinkage strain (clause no. 6.4.2.6, IRC:112 - 2011)

Total shrinkage strain, εcs = εcd + εc a
Where, εcd is drying shrinkage strain and εca is autogenous shrinkage strain
Maximum Autogenous shrinkage strain εca = 0.00007 (refer table 6.6 of IRC:112 - 2011)
The development of autogenous shrinkage with time εc a(t) = βas(t) x εc a
Where, βas(t) = 1-esp{-0.2sqrt(t)} where t is in days.
The development of dying shrinkage strain in time εcd(t) = βds(t,ts) * kh x εcd
Where, βds(t,ts) = (t-ts)/[(t-ts)+0.04sqrt(ho^3) End of curing of concrete t s = 14.00 day
kh is a coefficient depending on notional size ho
Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
Precast Girder only
C/S area of girder at span A c = 1.081 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 7.444 m
Nominal size of precast member h 0=2Ac/u= 290.52 mm
Composite Girder
C/S area of comp. girder at span A c = 1.756 m2 Perimeter in contact with air u = 11.394 m

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 Nominal size of member h0=2Ac/u = 308.29 mm
The drying shrinkage strain ε cd,0 =0.85*((220+110*αds1)*EXP(-αds2*fcm/fcm,o))*βRH/10^6 = 0.0003
Coefficient αds1 (normal cement) = 4.0 Coefficient α ds2 (normal cement) = 0.12
The coefficient β RH = 1.55 x [1-RH/Rho]^3 = 1.02 fcmo = 12.50
Relative humidity of enviroment RH = 70.0 % RHo = 100 %
These are expected mean values, with a coefficient of variation of about 30 percent.
Loss of Prestress due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation as per Euro code
∆Pc+s+r = AP + ∆σPc+s+r = Ap * (εcs*EP+0.8*∆Pr+EP/Ecm*φ(t,to)*σcQP)
1+EP/Ecm*AP/Ac*(1+Ac/Ic*Zcp^2)*(1+0.8*φ(t,to))
Development of shrinkage of concrete
Autogenous Nominal size of Drying
Shrinkage Loss due to
Days shrinkage factor member h0 shrinkage kh strain shrinkage
β as(t) (mm) factor β as(t)
14 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.000000 0.00
28 0.653 291 0.066 0.759 0.000064 22.61
60 0.788 308 0.188 0.748 0.000113 17.04
90 0.850 308 0.277 0.748 0.000146 11.64
36500 1.000 308 0.995 0.748 0.000391 85.91
Total 137.193 5.02 %

7.3.1.4 Computation of creep coefficients (clause no. 6.4.2.7, IRC:112 - 2011)

Grade of concrete = M45 Mean concrete strength fcm = 55.00 MPa
The creep coefficient φ(t,to) = φo x βc(t,to) as per A2-14of IRC:112 - 2011
Where, φo = φRH x β(fcm) x β(to)
φRH = 1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} for fcm <= 45MPa
φRH = [1+(1-RH/100)/{0.1*(ho)^1/3} x α1] x α2 for fcm > 45MPa
The coefficient α 1 =(43.75/fcm)^0.7 = 0.85
The coefficient α 2 =(43.75/fcm)^0.2 = 0.96
The coefficient β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) = 2.53
The coefficient β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) = 0.56
Where, age of concrete at first loading t 0 = 14 day
βc(t,to) =[(t-to)/(βH +t-to)]^0.3
βH = = 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250 <= 1500 for fcm <= 35MPa
= 1.5 x [1+(0.012RH)^18] x ho + 250α3 <= 1500α3 for fcm <= 35MPa

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 The coefficient α 3 =(43.75/fcm)^0.5 = 0.89
o
For temperature greater than 40 C theby 10% in absence of accurate data coefficient may be increased by 10%
in absence of accurate data. This is valid for concrete using normal cement.
Development of creep
Loss due to
Creep
Days h0 (mm) φRH φo βH β c(t,to) creep of
coeff. φo concrete
14 0 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00
28 291 1.32 1.867 677.65 0.310 0.638 78.03
60 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.433 0.884 39.45
90 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.497 1.015 14.94
36500 308 1.32 1.857 705.45 0.994 2.031 114.50
Total 246.93 9.04 %
7.3.2 Sustained Stress of precast girder at 28 days after stressing of cable
Losses:- Shrinkage = 22.61 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 52.33 kN/Cable
Creep = 78.03 kN/Cable
Total = 152.96 kN/Cable
Total Loss for 3 Cables = 458.89 kN
f ck for 28 days strength = M 45 Modulus of elasticity E 34313 MPa
m =Modular Ratio = Ecm/Ecj = 5.68
Stressing of cable no. 4
Elastic Shortening = 38.51 kN/Cable Nomber of cables 1.316 Nos
Relaxation = 24.51 kN/Cable Depth of Girder 2.25 m
Total = 63.02 kN/Cable
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at loss bet. 5 Cable CG Stress dueCable Force (kN) Cable CG Stress Total Stress at
Section
After fr. & After fr., slip
slip loss & ES loss
T -0.49 0.04 3.22 2.76
End -574.44 0.707 3288.73 3205.81 1.535 6.73
B 9.09 -0.72 0.17 8.55
T 1.29 0.12 2.87 4.28
L/8 -574.44 0.482 3318.22 3235.30 1.176 12.62
B 13.04 -1.27 3.13 14.89
T 0.93 0.30 1.05 2.27
L/4 -574.44 0.287 3347.72 3264.80 0.817 15.49
B 13.64 -1.47 5.27 17.43
T 0.12 0.44 -0.81 -0.25
3L/8 -574.44 0.125 3377.21 3294.29 0.458 19.40
B 14.75 -1.64 7.45 20.56
T 0.43 0.44 -1.40 -0.53
L/2 -574.44 0.125 3424.70 3341.78 0.348 19.91
B 14.55 -1.64 8.21 21.12
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 28 days = (6.73+2x(12.62+15.49+19.4)+19.91)/8 = 15.21 Mpa
Loss of cable stress = m (fc-fc') = 20.52 Mpa
Loss of each cable due to Elastic shortening = m fc As = 38.51 kN

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 0.43 Mpa 0.44 Mpa -1.40 Mpa -0.25 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa
+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
14.55 Mpa -1.64 Mpa 8.21 Mpa 21.12 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at 5 loss between to stressing Stress at 28

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 28 days of Casting of Girder

Permissible Compressive stress 0.5xfcm = 22.50 MPa

Permissible tensile stress 0.7xftmj = 2.29 MPa

7.3.3. Sustained Stress of precast girder at 60 days after Casting of Deck with X-Girder
Losses for first 3 cables:- Losses for last 1.474 cable:-
Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable Shrinkage = 17.04 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 13.91 kN/Cable Relaxation = 41.73 kN/Cable
Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable Creep = 39.45 kN/Cable
Total = 70.39 kN/Cable Total = 98.21 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 70.39 kN/Cable actual time dependent losses = 98.21 kN/Cable
Total Loss of 4 Cables = 340.40 kN Actual Loss of third Cables = 129.22 kN
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Precast Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.081 m Area = 1.801 m
4 4
I= 0.665 m I= 0.821 m
CG = 1.199 m CG = 1.189 m
Stress at Cable CG Stress due Moment Stress Total Stress at
Section 28 days loss bet. 28 - from soffit to loss Total Stress due to slab due to slab Stress cable CG
(kN/m2) 60 days (kN) (m) (Mpa) (kN/m2) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of girder 2.76 -0.09 2.67 -0.01 2.66
End -340.40 0.961 -10.59 5.87
Bottom 8.55 -0.30 8.25 0.02 8.26
Top of girder 4.28 -0.04 4.24 2.43 6.66
L/8 -340.40 0.695 1536.27 10.00
Bottom 14.89 -0.62 14.27 -2.77 11.50
Top of girder 2.27 0.09 2.36 4.18 6.54
L/4 -340.40 0.449 2649.00 10.82
Bottom 17.43 -0.77 16.66 -4.77 11.88
Top of girder -0.25 0.21 -0.04 5.26 5.21
3L/8 -340.40 0.226 3327.59 12.80
Bottom 20.56 -0.91 19.65 -6.00 13.65
Top of girder -0.53 0.23 -0.30 5.64 5.34
L/2 -340.40 0.193 3572.06 13.03
Bottom 21.12 -0.93 20.19 -6.44 13.75
Average stress σs at CG of cables for 60 days = (5.87+2x(10+10.82+12.8)+13.03)/8 = 10.77 Mpa
-0.53 Mpa 0.23 Mpa 5.64 Mpa 5.34 Mpa
> -2.29
Mpa

+ + =
< 22.50
Mpa
21.12 Mpa -0.93 Mpa -6.44 Mpa 13.75 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress at loss between to DL of Slab Stress at 60

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Precast Girder at 60 days of Casting of Girder

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7.3.4 Sustained stress of composite girder at 90 days
After 30 days casting of Deck Slab i.e.after 90 days casting of Precast Girder, Shuttering to be removed and
Apply of SIDL shall be done.
fck for precast girder at 90 days of Concrete I.e. 100% of fc = 45 Mpa
Ecj = 34.3 Gpa Es = 195 Gpa
m =Modular Ratio = Ec/Ecj = 5.68
2
Area of each Cable = 1877.20 mm
Depth of Composite Girder = 2.475 m
Depth of Precast Girder = 2.250 m
Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm

Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Midspan = Sectional Properties of Composite Girder at Support =
2 2
Area = 1.756 m Area = 2.476 m
4 4
I= 1.231 m I= 1.500 m
CG = 1.646 m CG = 1.509 m
Losses:- Shrinkage = 11.64 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 0.00 kN/Cable
Creep = 14.94 kN/Cable
Total = 26.58 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 114.72 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 114.72 kN
Total Stress
Stress due Loss of CG of Stress due Moment due due to Total Stress at
Section Cables to loss SIDL Stress cable CG
at 60 days Cables from to SIDL
(Mpa) (kN) soffit (m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02
Top of girder 2.66 -0.02 -25.04 -0.01 2.63
End -114.72 0.961 5.81
Bottom 8.26 -0.11 0.03 8.18
Top of slab 0.00 0.01 -0.15 -0.15
Top of girder 6.66 -0.01 -229.73 -0.11 6.54
L/8 -114.72 0.695 10.03
Bottom 11.50 -0.21 0.31 11.59
Top of slab 0.00 0.03 -0.24 -0.21
Top of girder 6.54 0.00 -350.34 -0.17 6.37
L/4 -114.72 0.449 10.96
Bottom 11.88 -0.25 0.47 12.10
Top of slab 0.00 0.04 -0.29 -0.24
Top of girder 5.21 0.01 -426.75 -0.21 5.02
3L/8 -114.72 0.226 13.04
Bottom 13.65 -0.28 0.57 13.94
Top of slab 0.00 0.05 -0.31 -0.26
Top of girder 5.34 0.02 -462.08 -0.23 5.13
L/2 -114.72 0.193 13.31
Bottom 13.75 -0.29 0.62 14.08
Average stress at 90 days = (5.81+2x(10.03+10.96+13.04)+13.31)/8 = 10.90 Mpa
0.00 Mpa 0.05 -0.31 Mpa -0.26 Mpa
5.34 0.02 Mpa -0.23 5.13 Mpa
Mpa Mpa

+ + =

13.75 -0.29 Mpa 0.62 Mpa 14.08 Mpa

Loss of
Cables Resultant
between 60 to Stress due to SIDL Stress at 90
Resultant Stress at 60 days 90 days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder at 90 days

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7.3.5 Sustained Stress of composite girder at α days :-
Losses:- Shrinkage = 85.91 kN/Cable
Relaxation = 132.47 kN/Cable
Creep = 114.56 kN/Cable
Total = 332.94 kN/Cable
Total Loss = 1436.90 kN/Cable
actual time dependent losses = 1436.90 kN
Total Stress
Total Stress Loss bet. 90 CG of Stress due at α days Stress at
Section at 90 days days-α days Cables from to loss without live cable CG
(Mpa) (kN) soffit (m) (Mpa) load (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.02 -0.07 -0.10
Top of girder 2.63 -0.19 2.44
End -1436.90 0.961 4.94
Bottom 8.18 -1.37 6.81
Top of slab -0.15 0.10 -0.04
Top of girder 6.54 -0.15 6.39
L/8 -1436.90 0.695 8.16
Bottom 11.59 -2.65 8.95
Top of slab -0.21 0.34 0.13
Top of girder 6.37 0.03 6.40
L/4 -1436.90 0.449 8.47
Bottom 12.10 -3.12 8.98
Top of slab -0.24 0.56 0.31
Top of girder 5.02 0.18 5.20
3L/8 -1436.90 0.226 9.87
Bottom 13.94 -3.55 10.39
Top of slab -0.26 0.59 0.32
Top of girder 5.13 0.21 5.34
L/2 -1436.90 0.193 10.03
Bottom 14.08 -3.61 10.47
Average stress at α days = (4.94+2x(8.16+8.47+9.87)+10.03)/8 = 8.49 Mpa
-0.26 Mpa 0.59 0.32 Mpa
5.13 Mpa 0.21 Mpa 5.34 Mpa < 16.2 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

14.08 Mpa -3.61 Mpa 10.47 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Hence O.K.
Resultant Loss of Resultant
Stress at Cables inbet. Stress at α
90 days 90 to α days days

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL without Live Load at α days

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7.3.6 Stress of composite girder due to live load
Total Live Total Stress
Total Stress Load Moment Stress due Stress due to at α days
Section without live incl snow 0.6 x Wind to Live Load wind Load with live load
load (Mpa) load(kN-m) load (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab -0.10 0.15 0.00 0.06
Top of girder 2.44 237.13 0.74 0.12 0.00 2.56
End
Bottom 6.81 -0.24 0.00 6.57
Top of slab -0.04 0.77 0.08 0.81
Top of girder 6.39 1148.41 123.82 0.56 0.06 7.01
L/8
Bottom 8.95 -1.54 -0.17 7.24
Top of slab 0.13 1.40 0.13 1.66
Top of girder 6.40 2085.73 190.38 1.02 0.09 7.51
L/4
Bottom 8.98 -2.79 -0.25 5.94
Top of slab 0.31 1.66 0.15 2.12
Top of girder 5.20 2458.86 229.18 1.21 0.11 6.52
3L/8
Bottom 10.39 -3.29 -0.31 6.79
Top of slab 0.32 1.61 0.16 2.10
Top of girder 5.34 2391.30 240.22 1.17 0.12 6.63
L/2
Bottom 10.47 -3.20 -0.32 6.95
0.32 Mpa 1.61 Mpa 2.10 Mpa
5.34 Mpa 1.17 6.63 Mpa < 16.20 Mpa
Mpa Hence O.K.

+ =

10.47 Mpa -3.20 Mpa 6.95 Mpa > -1.53 Mpa

Resultant Resultant
Stress due to
Stress at α Live Load Stress at α
days days Hence O.K.

Stress Diagram at Midspan of Composite Girder with SIDL & Live Load at α days
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 6.6 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -1.53 Mpa < 0.1 Mpa Hence O.K.

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7.3.7 Summary of Stresses for Precast girder only
Sectional Properties of Precast Girder
Precast Girder Midspan Support Composite Girder Midspan Support
Area = 1.081 1.801 m2 Area = 1.756 2.476 m2
I= 0.665 0.821 m4 I= 1.231 1.500 m4
CG = 1.199 1.189 m CG = 1.646 1.509 m
Z Top of slab = 1.485 1.553 m3
Z Top = 0.633 0.773 m3 Z Top = 2.038 2.024 m
3

Zbottom = 0.555 0.691 m3 Zbottom = 0.748 0.994 m3

Section
DL of girder+ deck slab Prestressing force & Loss SIDL
Loss of
Moment Stress Prestress CG of cables Loss of pre. Stress Moment Stress
comp. girder
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN) (m) Girder (kN) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa)
(kN)
Top of slab -0.10 0.05
Top of girder -0.14 2.31 0.04
End -104.73 10737.19 0.961 -848.81 -2021.24 82.77
Bottom 0.15 6.82 -0.08
Top of slab 0.14 0.17
Top of girder 5.73 1.07 0.12
L/8 3628.89 10834.44 0.695 -848.81 -2021.24 249.36
Bottom -6.54 14.59 -0.33
Top of slab 0.48 0.26
Top of girder 9.41 -2.59 0.19
L/4 5955.94 10960.17 0.449 -848.81 -2021.24 387.58
Bottom -10.73 18.63 -0.52
Top of slab 0.78 0.31
Top of girder 11.81 -6.00 0.23
3L/8 7476.74 11086.87 0.226 -848.81 -2021.24 461.70
Bottom -13.47 22.42 -0.62
Top of slab 0.83 0.32
Top of girder 12.66 -6.59 0.23
L/2 8014.71 11209.96 0.193 -848.81 -2021.24 468.56
Bottom -14.44 23.28 -0.63

Section Live load Wind load - loaded structure Temp (+ve) Temp (-ve)
Moment Stress Moment Stress Stress Stress
(kN-m) (Mpa) (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
Top of slab 0.15 0.00 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.12 0.00 -0.92 0.86
End 237.13 0.74
Bottom -0.24 0.00 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 0.77 0.08 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 0.56 0.06 -0.92 0.86
L/8 1148.41 123.82
Bottom -1.54 -0.17 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.40 0.13 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.02 0.09 -0.92 0.86
L/4 2085.73 190.38
Bottom -2.79 -0.25 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.66 0.15 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.21 0.11 -0.92 0.86
3L/8 2458.86 229.18
Bottom -3.29 -0.31 1.83 -2.66
Top of slab 1.61 0.16 4.75 -2.66
Top of girder 1.17 0.12 -0.92 0.86
L/2 2391.30 240.22
Bottom -3.20 -0.32 1.83 -2.66

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7.3.8 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve)
0.6 0.6 1 1

Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 0.75 0.75 1
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1 1
Temp
(+ve) 0.6
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.6 1 1
Temp (-ve)
0.6 0.6 1 1

b) Stresses of girder at different load casees

Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 2.97
Top of girder 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.07 1.56
End
Bottom 6.19 6.21 6.19 6.21 5.95 5.97 6.01 6.03 7.05
Top of slab 0.33 0.30 0.38 0.35 1.15 1.12 0.99 0.96 3.95
Top of girder 6.84 6.82 6.88 6.85 7.44 7.42 7.33 7.30 6.85
L/8
Bottom 6.19 6.26 6.09 6.16 4.56 4.62 4.87 4.94 5.75
Top of slab 0.74 0.69 0.82 0.77 2.23 2.17 1.93 1.87 5.00
Top of girder 7.30 7.27 7.36 7.32 8.38 8.35 8.17 8.13 7.78
L/4
Bottom 5.41 5.52 5.26 5.36 2.47 2.57 3.06 3.17 3.72

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Top of slab 1.08 1.01 1.17 1.11 2.82 2.76 2.47 2.41 5.58
Top of girder 6.68 6.63 6.75 6.70 7.95 7.91 7.70 7.65 7.33
3L/8
Bottom 5.97 6.09 5.78 5.91 2.49 2.62 3.19 3.32 3.78
Top of slab 1.12 1.06 1.22 1.16 2.83 2.77 2.49 2.43 5.58
Top of girder 7.00 6.96 7.08 7.03 8.25 8.20 8.00 7.96 7.63
L/2
Bottom 5.76 5.89 5.57 5.69 2.37 2.50 3.04 3.17 3.66

Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.96 -1.47 -1.48 4.83 4.82 -2.57 -2.58 4.83 -2.58
Top of girder 1.55 2.63 2.62 1.16 1.15 2.94 2.93 2.94 1.15
End
Bottom 7.07 4.36 4.37 7.84 7.86 3.35 3.37 7.86 3.35
Top of slab 3.92 -0.49 -0.52 5.66 5.63 -1.75 -1.78 5.66 -1.78
Top of girder 6.83 7.92 7.90 6.34 6.32 8.13 8.10 8.13 6.32
L/8
Bottom 5.82 3.06 3.13 6.87 6.94 2.38 2.44 6.94 2.38
Top of slab 4.94 0.55 0.50 6.54 6.49 -0.86 -0.91 6.54 -0.91
Top of girder 7.74 8.84 8.81 7.15 7.11 8.93 8.89 8.93 7.11
L/4
Bottom 3.82 1.02 1.13 5.15 5.25 0.66 0.76 5.52 0.66
Top of slab 5.52 1.14 1.08 7.07 7.00 -0.34 -0.40 7.07 -0.40
Top of girder 7.29 8.40 8.36 6.66 6.62 8.44 8.40 8.44 6.62
3L/8
Bottom 3.90 1.08 1.20 5.33 5.45 0.84 0.96 6.09 0.84
Top of slab 5.52 1.14 1.08 7.08 7.01 -0.33 -0.39 7.08 -0.39
Top of girder 7.58 8.69 8.65 6.97 6.92 8.75 8.70 8.75 6.92
L/2
Bottom 3.79 0.97 1.09 5.19 5.32 0.70 0.83 5.89 0.70

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.05 2.95
Top of girder 2.46 2.45 2.46 2.45 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.54 2.02
End
Bottom 7.56 7.57 7.56 7.57 7.32 7.33 7.38 7.39 8.41
Top of slab 0.36 0.33 0.41 0.38 1.18 1.15 1.02 0.99 3.98
Top of girder 7.06 7.03 7.09 7.07 7.66 7.63 7.54 7.51 7.07
L/8
Bottom 9.11 9.18 9.01 9.08 7.47 7.54 7.79 7.86 8.67
Top of slab 0.84 0.79 0.92 0.86 2.32 2.27 2.02 1.97 5.09
Top of girder 6.79 6.75 6.84 6.80 7.87 7.83 7.65 7.61 7.26
L/4
Bottom 9.14 9.24 8.98 9.09 6.19 6.30 6.79 6.89 7.44
Top of slab 1.23 1.17 1.33 1.26 2.98 2.92 2.63 2.57 5.74
Top of girder 5.48 5.43 5.55 5.50 6.75 6.71 6.50 6.45 6.13
3L/8
Bottom 10.45 10.58 10.27 10.39 6.98 7.10 7.68 7.80 8.26
Top of slab 1.29 1.23 1.39 1.32 3.00 2.93 2.66 2.59 5.75
Top of girder 5.69 5.64 5.76 5.71 6.93 6.89 6.68 6.64 6.31
L/2
Bottom 10.42 10.54 10.23 10.35 7.03 7.15 7.70 7.82 8.32

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Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.94 -1.49 -1.50 4.81 4.80 -2.59 -2.60 4.81 -2.60
Top of girder 2.01 3.09 3.08 1.62 1.62 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.62
End
Bottom 8.43 5.72 5.74 9.21 9.22 4.72 4.73 9.22 4.72
Top of slab 3.95 -0.46 -0.49 5.69 5.65 -1.72 -1.75 5.69 -1.75
Top of girder 7.04 8.14 8.11 6.56 6.53 8.34 8.31 8.34 6.53
L/8
Bottom 8.74 5.98 6.04 9.79 9.85 5.30 5.36 9.85 5.30
Top of slab 5.04 0.65 0.60 6.64 6.59 -0.76 -0.82 6.64 -0.82
Top of girder 7.22 8.33 8.29 6.63 6.60 8.42 8.38 8.42 6.60
L/4
Bottom 7.55 4.75 4.85 8.87 8.98 4.38 4.49 9.24 4.38
Top of slab 5.67 1.29 1.23 7.22 7.16 -0.18 -0.25 7.22 -0.25
Top of girder 6.09 7.20 7.16 5.46 5.42 7.24 7.20 7.24 5.42
3L/8
Bottom 8.38 5.57 5.69 9.81 9.94 5.32 5.45 10.58 5.32
Top of slab 5.68 1.30 1.24 7.24 7.18 -0.16 -0.23 7.24 -0.23
Top of girder 6.26 7.38 7.33 5.65 5.60 7.43 7.38 7.43 5.60
L/2
Bottom 8.44 5.62 5.75 9.85 9.97 5.36 5.48 10.54 5.36
Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.48 x fck = 21.60 Mpa > 10.6 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = -2.29 Mpa < 0.66 Mpa Hence O.K.
Stress with/without Live load at top of deck slab near support section only exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 2.29Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile force = -602.58 kN Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
2
Area of reinforcement required = 2183.3 mm2 Ast provided= 3365.99 mm
Hence Provide 10 T @ 140 c/c +10 T @ 140 c/c at top

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7.3.9 Load Combination for frequent Combination (SL2) - for prestressing member
1) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress
2) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+ wind load(lead) (unloaded structure)
3) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+wind load (accompany)
4) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+wind load (lead)
5) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(lead)+Temperature(accompany)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Prestress+Live load(accompany)+Temperature(lead)
a) Load combination
Load Case 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve)
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Load Case 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.75
Wind load 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp
(+ve) 0.5
Temp (-ve)

Load Case 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d)

DL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1
Prestress 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Live load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wind load
Temp
(+ve) 0.5 0.6 0.6
Temp (-ve)
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
b) Stresses of girder at different load casees
Section 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
Top of slab -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.09 0.08 0.00 -0.01 2.46
Top of girder 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.08 2.07 2.02 2.01 1.62
End
Bottom 6.19 6.21 6.19 6.21 6.01 6.03 6.14 6.16 6.93
Top of slab 0.33 0.30 0.38 0.35 0.95 0.92 0.54 0.50 3.29
Top of girder 6.84 6.82 6.88 6.85 7.29 7.27 6.99 6.97 6.80
L/8
Bottom 6.19 6.26 6.09 6.16 4.96 5.02 5.79 5.85 5.95
Top of slab 0.74 0.69 0.82 0.77 1.86 1.81 1.10 1.05 4.17
Top of girder 7.30 7.27 7.36 7.32 8.12 8.08 7.57 7.53 7.61
L/4
Bottom 5.41 5.52 5.26 5.36 3.19 3.30 4.70 4.80 4.23

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Top of slab 1.08 1.01 1.17 1.11 2.40 2.33 1.50 1.44 4.69
Top of girder 6.68 6.63 6.75 6.70 7.64 7.59 6.99 6.94 7.12
3L/8
Bottom 5.97 6.09 5.78 5.91 3.35 3.47 5.13 5.25 4.41
Top of slab 1.12 1.06 1.22 1.16 2.41 2.35 1.54 1.48 4.70
Top of girder 7.00 6.96 7.08 7.03 7.94 7.90 7.31 7.26 7.42
L/2
Bottom 5.76 5.89 5.57 5.69 3.20 3.33 4.93 5.05 4.28

Section 5 (b) 5 (c ) 5 (d) 6 (a) 6 (b) 6 (c) 6 (c) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.45 -1.24 -1.25 2.85 2.84 -1.59 -1.60 2.85 -1.60
Top of girder 1.61 2.51 2.50 1.47 1.46 2.53 2.53 2.53 1.46
End
Bottom 6.94 4.68 4.70 7.24 7.26 4.55 4.56 7.26 4.55
Top of slab 3.25 -0.42 -0.45 3.33 3.30 -1.11 -1.14 3.33 -1.14
Top of girder 6.78 7.69 7.67 6.40 6.38 7.47 7.45 7.69 6.38
L/8
Bottom 6.02 3.71 3.78 6.98 7.05 4.29 4.35 7.05 3.71
Top of slab 4.12 0.47 0.42 3.87 3.82 -0.57 -0.62 4.17 -0.62
Top of girder 7.57 8.50 8.46 6.96 6.92 8.03 7.99 8.50 6.92
L/4
Bottom 4.34 1.99 2.09 5.95 6.05 3.26 3.36 6.05 1.99
Top of slab 4.63 0.99 0.93 4.26 4.19 -0.19 -0.25 4.69 -0.25
Top of girder 7.08 8.01 7.97 6.37 6.32 7.44 7.39 8.01 6.32
3L/8
Bottom 4.54 2.17 2.29 6.41 6.53 3.71 3.84 6.53 2.17
Top of slab 4.64 1.00 0.94 4.29 4.23 -0.15 -0.21 4.70 -0.21
Top of girder 7.38 8.32 8.27 6.69 6.64 7.76 7.71 8.32 6.64
L/2
Bottom 4.40 2.03 2.16 6.22 6.34 3.52 3.65 6.34 2.03

Section 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 (a)
Top of slab -0.05 -0.06 -0.05 -0.06 0.07 0.05 -0.02 -0.03 2.44
Top of girder 2.46 2.45 2.46 2.45 2.54 2.54 2.48 2.47 2.08
End
Bottom 7.56 7.57 7.56 7.57 7.38 7.39 7.51 7.52 8.29
Top of slab 0.36 0.33 0.41 0.38 0.98 0.95 0.57 0.53 3.31
Top of girder 7.06 7.03 7.09 7.07 7.51 7.48 7.21 7.18 7.02
L/8
Bottom 9.11 9.18 9.01 9.08 7.88 7.94 8.70 8.77 8.87
Top of slab 0.84 0.79 0.92 0.86 1.96 1.90 1.20 1.15 4.27
Top of girder 6.79 6.75 6.84 6.80 7.60 7.56 7.05 7.01 7.09
L/4
Bottom 9.14 9.24 8.98 9.09 6.92 7.02 8.43 8.53 7.96
Top of slab 1.23 1.17 1.33 1.26 2.55 2.49 1.66 1.59 4.85
Top of girder 5.48 5.43 5.55 5.50 6.44 6.39 5.79 5.74 5.92
3L/8
Bottom 10.45 10.58 10.27 10.39 7.83 7.96 9.61 9.73 8.90
Top of slab 1.29 1.23 1.39 1.32 2.58 2.51 1.71 1.64 4.87
Top of girder 5.69 5.64 5.76 5.71 6.63 6.58 5.99 5.95 6.11
L/2
Bottom 10.42 10.54 10.23 10.35 7.86 7.98 9.59 9.71 8.93

Section 11 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 12 (b) 12 (c) 12 (d) Max comp.Max Tension
Top of slab 2.43 -1.26 -1.27 2.83 2.82 -1.61 -1.62 2.83 -1.62
Top of girder 2.08 2.97 2.97 1.93 1.92 3.00 2.99 3.00 1.92
End
Bottom 8.31 6.05 6.06 8.61 8.62 5.91 5.93 8.62 5.91
Top of slab 3.28 -0.39 -0.42 3.36 3.33 -1.08 -1.11 3.36 -1.11
Top of girder 6.99 7.91 7.88 6.62 6.59 7.69 7.66 7.91 6.59
L/8
Bottom 8.94 6.63 6.69 9.90 9.97 7.21 7.27 9.97 6.63
Top of slab 4.21 0.56 0.51 3.97 3.92 -0.47 -0.53 4.27 -0.53
Top of girder 7.06 7.98 7.95 6.44 6.40 7.51 7.47 7.98 6.40
L/4
Bottom 8.06 5.71 5.82 9.68 9.78 6.98 7.09 9.78 5.71

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 Top of slab 4.79 1.15 1.08 4.41 4.35 -0.03 -0.09 4.85 -0.09
Top of girder 5.88 6.81 6.77 5.17 5.12 6.24 6.19 6.81 5.12
3L/8
Bottom 9.02 6.65 6.78 10.89 11.01 8.20 8.32 11.01 6.65
Top of slab 4.81 1.17 1.10 4.46 4.40 0.02 -0.05 4.87 -0.05
Top of girder 6.06 7.00 6.95 5.37 5.32 6.44 6.39 7.00 5.32
L/2
Bottom 9.06 6.69 6.81 10.88 11.00 8.18 8.31 11.00 6.69

Permissible compressive stress in concrete at service = 0.36 x fck = 16.20 Mpa > 11.0 Mpa
Permissible Tensile stress in concrete at service = 0.00 Mpa < 1.99 Mpa Hence O.K.

7.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Grade of concrete = M45 Modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 34313 MPa
Design yield strength fpd = 20.10 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel = 195.00 Gpa
3000 0.00350 20.10
225 11394 kN
267.10
NA NA
2475 300

193 250 0.0264 11394 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
750
Top width of girder = 3000 mm Thickness of compression flange = 225 mm
Width of web = 300 mm Distance of prestress CG from bottom = 193 mm
Depth of girder = 2475 mm
Balanced neutral axis depth = 1546 mm Actual neutral axis depth 267.10 mm
Total strain at the prestress CG = 0.02640 The Section is under reinforced
Total ultimate compressive force = 11394 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 11394 kN
Compressive force CG 111.11 mm Moment of resistance = 24734 kNm
> 15587 kNm Hence O.K.
At support Near L/8 Near L/4 Near 3L/8 At L/2
Ultimate moment 20 7244 12133 14934 15587
Horizontal prestress after all losses (kN) 7923 8020 8146 8273 8396
Pre-strain in the cables after all losses 0.00502 0.00508 0.00516 0.00524 0.00531
Distance of prestress CG from bottom (mm) 961 695 449 226 193
Total width of web (mm) 750 300 300 300 300
Assumed neutral axis from top (mm) 253 267 267 267 267
Total strain at the prestress CG 0.0225 0.0249 0.0282 0.0312 0.0317
Average prestress at failure (MPa) 1406 1406 1406 1406 1406
Total compressive force by concrete (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Total tensile force by prestressing steel (kN) 11394 11394 11394 11394 11394
Difference in forces 0 0 0 0 0
Moment of resistance (kNm) 18571 22503 25814 28818 29266
Effective lever arm between forces (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Factor of Safety associated with failure 923.24 3.11 2.13 1.93 1.88
7.5 Design of Shear
Total loss after friction & Slip Loss
Description 1st stage stressing % Loss 2nd stage stressing % Loss
At 5 days
Elastic shortening 63.82 kN 2.3 %
Relaxation 24.51 kN 0.9 %
At 28 days
Elastic shortening 38.51 kN 1.4 % 38.51 kN 1.4 %
Shrinkage 22.61 kN 0.8 %
Relaxation 52.33 kN 1.9 % 24.51 kN 0.9 %
Creep 78.03 kN 2.9 %
At 60 days
Shrinkage 17.04 kN 0.6 % 17.04 kN 0.6 %
Relaxation 13.91 kN 0.5 % 41.73 kN 1.5 %
Creep 39.45 kN 1.4 % 39.45 kN 1.4 %

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 At 90 days
Shrinkage 11.64 kN 0.4 % 11.64 kN 0.4 %
Relaxation 0.00 kN 0.0 % 0.00 kN 0.0 %
Creep 14.94 kN 0.5 % 14.94 kN 0.5 %
At α days
Shrinkage 85.91 kN 3.1 % 85.91 kN 3.1 %
Relaxation 132.47 kN 4.8 % 132.47 kN 4.8 %
Creep 114.56 kN 4.2 % 114.56 kN 4.2 %
Total 709.72 kN/cable 26.0 % 520.75 kN 19.1 %
Total loss 2814.35 kN

Vertical Component of Cable Force (kN)

Position Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Cable No 0.350 4.525 8.700 12.875 17.050
Cable 1 2477.92 2500.60 2539.26 2571.94 2590.35
Vert. angle 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
Cable 2 2472.70 2495.38 2537.31 2570.37 2584.50
Vert. angle 3.22 3.22 3.22 0.00 0.00
Cable 3 2508.80 2531.30 2553.80 2576.30 2604.25
Vert. angle 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 0.00
Total Ver.
Comp. of
cable 1 to 312.07 316.02 321.65 153.81 0.00
3

Ultimate Shear at Sections :-

Ultimate Shear 1587 1230 914 211 156
Moment 20 7244 12133 14934 15587

7.5.1 Section not requiring design shear reinforcement

i) Shear Capacity of Cracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
VRD.C = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33+0.15σcp]*bw*d Subject to VRD.C MIN = {vmin + 0.15σCP)*bw*d
Where, K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2 Where, d is in millimeters
ρ1 = Asl/(bw*d) <= 0.02 fck = 45 Mpa
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2xfcd Where, NEd = axial compression, Ac = Area of section
vmin = 0.031*K^1.5*fck^0.5 fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 7922.8 8020.1 8145.8 8272.5 8395.6
Effective width of the web in mm 750 300 300 300 300
Effective Depth of precast Section (d) in mm 1289 1555 1801 2024 2057
Effective Depth of composite Section (d) in mm 1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
K 1.363 1.335 1.314 1.298 1.296
Stress due to Prestress (σcp) (Mpa) 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
Shear Resistance minimum (VRd,cmin) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8
Reinforcement ratio considering Tendons, ρ1 0.007 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.012
Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1227.0 642.5 710.3 771.0 780.0
Design Shear resistance ( VRd,c) (kN) 1060.7 493.5 556.9 614.3 622.8

ii) Shear Capacity of Uncracked Section as per clause 10.3.2(2) of IRC 112-2010
The shear resistance of the beam section uncracked in flexure is given below:-
VRd,c = ( I * bwc )/ S x √ (fctd2 + k1 σcp fctd)
Where, I = Moment of inertia bwc= Width of beam after deduction due to duct
S = First moment of area between cetroidal axis and extreme compression fibre about the centrodial axis.
fctd = design tensile strength of concrete = fctk/γm = 1.53 Mpa
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Prestress
7922.8 8020.1 8145.8 8272.5 8395.6
Force
Effective
750 300 300 300 300
width of
Effective
1514 1780 2026 2249 2282
Depthdue
Stress of
4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02
to
Design
1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53
tensile
First
3.49E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09 2.35E+09
moment
Transmissi
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
on length
Moment
1.5E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12 1.2E+12
of Inertia
Design
939.3 457.3 457.3 457.3 457.3
Shear

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iii) Summary of the Shear resistance of the Beam when shear reinforcement isn't required :
The maximum shear capacity of the Beam as cl.10.3.2 (5) of IRC 112-2010
VEd ≤ 0.50 bw d ν fcd where, ν = 0.60 [ 1 - fck/310]
Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance from bearing in m 0.00 4.17 8.35 12.53 16.70
Distance modification factor β for Precast Beam 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Distance modification factor β for Composite 0.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Effective Shear for Precast Beam 1587.0 1229.9 914.4 211.1 155.7
Effective Shear for Composite Section (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Effective Shear due to prestressing force (kN) 312.1 316.0 321.7 153.8 0.0
Total Shear force for the Beam (kN) 1274.9 913.9 592.7 57.3 155.7
Precast member Area (m2) 1.80 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08
Zb (m3) 0.69 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
Composite member Area (m2) 2.48 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76
Zb (m3) 0.99 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Stress due to prestress at tensile fibre σ bpt (MPa) 2.7315 1.3526 -2.7736 -6.6096 -7.2590
Section at Maximum Bending Moment Uncracked Uncracked Cracked Cracked Cracked
Shear capacity of Beam Section (kN) 939.32 457.33 556.90 614.28 622.83
Maximum shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5854 2753 3133 3477 3529
Not Not
Whether shear reinforcement required or not Required Required Required
Required Required
iv) Calculation of Shear Resistance when Shear Reinforcement is Required ::
The design for the Vertical stirrups for resisting shear is calculated in the table below as per Cl. No. 10.3.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
The shear resistance with vertical stirrups is given by,
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by Crushing of Compression strut
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
Grade of reinforcement = Fe 500 Grade of concrete = M45
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 20.1 Mpa
Minimum Shear reinf. ratio = 0.072sqrt(fck)/fyk = 0.00097 Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1
Design of Vertical Transverse reinforcement (α = 90o) = 0.60

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1274.9 913.9 592.7 57.3 155.7
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.63 1.97 2.27 2.53 2.57
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) -1E+127 23.66 30.51 22.38 22.38 22.38
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 12+16 16 12 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 125 125
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.72 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 5.027 3.217 1.810 1.810 1.810
Check O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
resistance
Coeff
1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
accounting
Shear
6503 3750 3463 3866 3926
capacity of
Difference
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
in shear
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 6502.99 3750.24 3462.92 3865.91 3926.08
Factor of Safety associated with failure 5.10 4.10 5.84 67.43 25.22
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 1454.72 775.45 719.75 69.61 189.05
Total longitudinal tensile force (kN) 1467.07 4443.33 6075.33 5974.29 6257.66
Permissible longitudinal tensile force (kN) 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31 11394.31
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.

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7.6. Anchor Block
Check Bearing pressure As per Euro code EC2, Anex-J
According to Manufacture's CatalogSize of anchor flange = 245 mm Dia of Hole = 90 mm
2
fcj = Cube strength = 39.59 N/mm
2
fcj = Cylender strength 31.67 N/mm
2
A2 = 750*375 = 134263.3 mm
Now, Maximum Cable Force after immediate Losses = 2443.65 T
As per Manufacture's recommendation = 40% of above force to be taken by End Bearing
= 60% of above force to be taken by Anchorage
Cone and Concrete by friction
2 2
Bearing stress = N/A1 18.20 N/mm < 19.00 N/mm Hence O.K.

Busting reinforcement in end block

2Yo = 245 mm 2Ypo = 245 mm
Ypo/Yo = 1.00 As per Table 13.1 of IRC 112-2011 Fbst/Pk = 0.120
Fbst = 0.12x1.3x2443.65 = 381.21 kN
2
Area of Steel Required = Fbst/(0.87xfy) = 1007.79 mm
2
Hence Provide 16T- 2L -4Nos along Web and Normal to Web Ast = 1608.50 mm

Ast 0.15 P max/fyd γp

2
fyd 435 N/mm
γp 1.2
2
Ast 1011.164 mm
For Avoid checking crack width we have considered fyd=250 N/mm2
2
Ast 1759.425 mm
Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing
2
Ast 3216.991 mm

Spalling Reinforcement 0.03x P max /fyd x γp

2
351.885 mm
2
Provide 2 no 16 dia bar each side 402.1 mm

Hence allowable stress behind anchorage has been suitbly increased by providing hoop reinforcement
CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.

Use 16 φ spiral with 280 mm inner dia and 60 mm spacing

Increase in force ∆ F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu))

Where,
u = Perimeter of hoop u= 0.929911 m
s = Hoop spacing s= 0.06 m
2
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement. As = 0.000201 cm
2
fyd = Design strength of hoop fyd = 43500 t/m
2
Ac1= A2 Ac1 = 0.0841 m
2
Ac2 = Area of conc rete within hoop reinforcement. Ac2 = 0.061575 m
2
fcd = fcj/1.5 fcd = 2639.302 t/m
Msdu = Max moment in hoop reinforced zone. Msdu = 0 t-m
D F = 1.3*u/s*As*fyd-(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/pi *Nsdu)) = 116.7693 t
2
Increase in permissible stresses ∆ F/A1 = 19.45 N/m
2
> 0.80 N/m
Hence OK

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7.7. Interface Shear Design for Composite section
The shear stress that arises between the interfaces of concrete placed at different times is reffered to as interface
shear. The interface shear is resisted by friction at the interface and by reinforcement placed across the shear plane.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z= Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M45
µ= friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ= As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area of the joint
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α= the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 20.10 Mpa

Description Support L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2

Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) 1274.89 913.87 592.74 57.33 155.69
Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 1.630 1.975 2.265 2.529 2.568
Interface Width bi ( mm) 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) 0.71 0.42 0.24 0.02 0.05
Roughness Co-efficient, µ 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 10 10 10 10 10
Number of legs provided 4 4 4 4 4
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 150 150 150 150 150
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface 1875 1875 1875 1875 1875
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40 2094.40
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) 281250 281250 281250 281250 281250
Strength reduction factor (ν) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface (vRdi) 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61 2.61
Status with respect to the Interface Shear Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

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 7.8. Untensioned Reinforcement of Precast Girder
Vertical reiforcement = 0.18 % of web
=0.18%x300x2250 = 1215 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 2L-12T @ 150 c/c Ast provide= 1506.7 mm2 per meter
Longitudinal reinforcement = 0.15 % of web
Total Area of Precast Girder at midspan = 1.08125 m2
=0.15%x1.08x1000000 = 1621.875 mm2 per meter
Hence provide 7-16T at Bottomt top & 8-12T at Top Ast provide= 1909 mm2 per meter
Side Face Reinforcement
Side Face Reinforcement = 0.1 % of web Area
2
Area of steel required = 675 mm
2
Minimum Reinf. at earth face (0.12%) = 810 mm
Hence Provide 10 Nos. 12 φ on Each Face
2 2
Ast provided = 2261.9 mm /m > 810 mm /m
Hence O.K.
7.9 Calculation for Deflection of Longitudinal girders
(i) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 1, 2, 3 + wt of precast Girder at 5 days
Young Modulus = 3.33E+07 kN/m2
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Precast girder from bottom , m 1.189 1.199 1.199 1.199 1.199
Moment 0.821 0.665 0.665 0.665 0.665
CG of cables 1 to 3 from bot.(m) 0.707 0.482 0.287 0.125 0.125
Moment -3491.25 -5252.11 -6765.55 -8074.56 -8156.17
Moment -5.63 1777.70 3005.92 3746.21 3981.80
Total
moment -3496.9 -3474.4 -3759.6 -4328.3 -4174.4
M/EI -0.00013 -0.00016 -0.00017 -0.00020 -0.00019

4.17 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
-0.00016 2 -0.00020
-0.000128 4 3 -0.000170 -0.000189
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 5 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A -0.00013
B 4 4.175 2.088 -0.00016 -0.00014 -0.001242
C 3 4.175 6.262 -0.00017 -0.00016 -0.004273
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.00020 -0.00018 -0.007962
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.00019 -0.00019 -0.011718
Total -0.025194
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress + wt of precast Girder = = -25 mm
= - L/ 1326

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(ii) Precast Girder - Prestress of cables 4,5 + loss of Cables 1 to 3 at 28 days
Young Modulus = 3.43E+07 Mpa
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of 1.535 1.176 0.817 0.458 0.348
Moment 1110.02 -75.23 -1248.00 -2441.94 -2843.63
Moment 276.35 411.89 523.70 616.94 616.98
Total 1386.4 336.7 -724.3 -1825.0 -2226.7
M/EI 0.0000492 0.0000147 -0.0000317 -0.0000799 -0.00010

4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175

A B C D E
2
0.0000147 -0.0000799
0.0000492 4 3 -0.000032 -0.0000975
1
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 28 days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000492
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000147 0.0000320 0.0002787
C 3 4.175 6.262 -0.000032 -0.0000085 -0.000222
D 2 4.175 10.438 -0.000080 -0.0000558 -0.002433
E 1 4.175 14.613 -0.000098 -0.0000887 -0.005413
Total -0.007789
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress +loss = = -7.789 mm
So, Total Midspan deflection at 28 days = = -32.983 mm = - L/ 1013
(iii) Precast Girder - Prestress + wt of precast Girder +wt of deck slab at 60 days
Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of all 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Loss 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399 340.399
Moment 77.501 171.749 255.289 331.088 342.405
Moment -9.760 1132.926 1956.958 2462.337 2649.062
Total 67.741 1304.675 2212.247 2793.425 2991.467
M/EI 0.0000024 0.0000571 0.0000969 0.0001223 0.00013
4.2 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.000002 0.0000571 0.0001223
4 0.0000969 0.0001310
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at 60 days

140 of 178
 At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000024
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000571 0.0000298 0.0002595 0.00143
C 3 4.175 6.262 0.0000969 0.0000770 0.0020137
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0001223 0.0001096 0.0047768
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0001310 0.0001267 0.0077285
Total 0.0147784
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses + DL = = 14.778 mm
Total Deflection at 60 days =-32.983+14.778 = -18.205 mm

(iv) Composite Girder - long term losses + SIDL+ Live load

Section At support Near L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
Distance 0.000 4.175 8.350 12.525 16.700
CG of Composite girder from bottom , m 1.509 1.646 1.646 1.646 1.646
CG of cables from bot.(m) 0.961 0.695 0.449 0.226 0.193
Moment 1.500 1.231 1.231 1.231 1.231
Loss 1551.620 1551.620 1551.620 1551.620 1551.62
Moment 849.914 1476.697 1857.489 2202.998 2254.6
Total 849.914 1476.697 1857.489 2202.998 2254.6
M/EI 0.0000165 0.0000350 0.0000440 0.0000522 0.00005
4.175 4.175 4.175 4.175
A B C D E
0.00002 0.0000350 0.0000522
4 0.0000440 0.0000534
3 1
2
M/EI Diagram for Ist Stage Prestress after losses at α days
At Midspan
Average Moment of
Section Marked Distance CG from A M/EI Rotation
M/EI M/EI about
A 0.0000165
B 4 4.175 2.088 0.0000350 0.0000257 0.0002243 0.00069
C 3 4.175 6.262 0.0000440 0.0000395 0.0010321
D 2 4.175 10.438 0.0000522 0.0000481 0.0020949
E 1 4.175 14.613 0.0000534 0.0000528 0.0032197
Total 0.006571
So, Midspan deflection due to Prestress losses = = 6.571 mm
So, Midspan deflection due SIDL = = 3.236 mm 0.000349
So, Midspan deflection due Wind load = = 3.162 mm 0.000112
So, Midspan deflection due Live load = = 11.800 mm 0.001182
Total Deflection at mid span 1xDL+1.2xSIDL+1xLL+0.6xWL = 7.211 mm L/ 4632

141 of 178
8.0 Cross girder
8.1 End Cross girder
8.1.1 Bearing Replacement condition.
DL of Girder DL of slab Total DL
Location (kN) (kN) (kN)
SIDL (kN)

Outer Girder 917.22 917.22 211.92

Inner Girder 917.22 917.22 134.29
Inner Girder 999.63 999.63 158.25
Outer Girder 999.63 999.63 290.19
Girder location

3.00 3.00 3.00

Jack location
0.75 3.00 3.00 0.75
1.50
Position of Jack Location on End Cross Girder

Max: 687.750 kNm Max: 687.750 kNm

Max: 155.921 kNm Max: 155.921 kNm

Max: 0 kNm

Max: -273.622 kNm Max: -273.622 kNm

Bearing Replacement condition - Dead load moment

Staad Results
5 1 DL 5 0 472.66 0 0 0 171.69
6 0 -449.035 0 0 0 243.076
2 SIDL 5 0 69.432 0 0 0 23.796
6 0 -69.432 0 0 0 38.693
6 1 DL 6 0 -607.965 0 0 0 -243.076
7 0 663.09 0 0 0 -1091.53
2 SIDL 6 0 -32.568 0 0 0 -38.693
7 0 32.568 0 0 0 -29.7
7 1 DL 7 0 1224.625 0 0 0 1091.531
8 0 -1201 0 0 0 0
2 SIDL 7 0 33 0 0 0 29.7
8 0 -33 0 0 0 0
Support Span
Support Span Shear
Cross Girder moment (kN- moment (kN-
Shear (kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL 1091.53 1224.63 243.08 472.66
SIDL 29.70 33.00 38.69 69.43

142 of 178
8.1.3 Service condition.
Width of beam = 600 mm Depth of beam = 2225 mm
Span = 3 m Self wt of girder 0.6x2.225x25= 33.4 kN/m
Support moment 30.04 kN-m Span moment = 18.77 kN-m
Support shear 50.06 kN Span shear = 0 kN
Load combination
Support Span
Support Span Shear Side moment Side shear
Cross Girder moment (kN- moment (kN-
Shear (kN) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
m) m)
DL 79.04 65.06 46.77 0.00
SIDL 9.00 6.00 7.00 3.00
Live load 152 121 86 111 0.022719 0.2624
Seismic 0.06 0.07

8.2 Intermediate Cross girder

Width of beam = 300 mm Depth of beam = 2225 mm
Span = 3 m Self wt of girder 0.3x2.225x25= 16.7 kN/m
Support moment 15.02 kN-m Span moment = 9.39 kN-m
Support shear 25.03 kN Span shear = 0 kN
Load combination
Support Span
Support Span Shear
Cross Girder moment (kN- moment (kN-
Shear (kN) (kN)
m) m)
DL 342.02 102.03 325.39 0.00
SIDL 71.00 115.00 66.00 69.38
Live load 896 293 946 313
Wind load is not considered as wind load effect is very negligble.

8.3 Summary of Bending Moment & Shear Force of Cross girders

End Cross girder Intermediate Cross girder
Location Support Span Support Span
Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear

Bearing
DL 1091.53 1224.63 243.08 472.66
Replacement
SIDL 29.70 33.00 38.69 69.43
DL 79.04 65.06 46.77 0.00 342.02 102.03 325.39 0.00
Service
condition
SIDL 9.00 6.00 7.00 3.00 71.00 115.00 66.00 69.38
Live Load 152.00 121.00 86.00 111.00 896.00 293.00 946.00 313.00
Maximum of bearing replacement & service condition is considered for design of end cross girder
8.3.1 Ultimate limit State
Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Load Case DL SIDL LL
Bearing
Replacement
1 1.35 1.75
2(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
condition
2(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
2 (c) 1 1 1.5
End Cross girder Side end girder
Moment Shear Moment Shear Side moment Side shear
Load Case (kN-m) (kN)
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 1525.54 1710.99 395.87 759.60
2(a) 122.45 98.33 75.39 5.25
Service
condition
2(b) 350.45 279.83 204.39 171.75 0.03 0.3936
2 (c) 316.04 252.56 182.77 169.50 0.08 0.0975
Total 1525.54 1710.99 395.87 759.60 0.08 0.39

143 of 178
 Inner Cross girder
Moment Shear Moment Shear
Load Case
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2(a) 585.98 338.99 554.77 121.42
Service
condition
2(b) 1929.98 778.49 1973.77 590.92
2 (c) 1757.02 656.53 1810.39 538.88
Total 1929.98 778.49 1973.77 590.92

8.3.2 Servicibility limit State for Rare Combination (SL1)

Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Load Case DL SIDL LL
Bearing
Replacement
1 1 1.2
2(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
2(b) 1 1.2 1
2 (c) 1 1 1

End Cross girder Side end girder

Moment Shear Moment Shear Side moment Side shear
Load Case (kN-m) (kN)
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 1127.17 289.51
2(a) 89.84 55.17
Service
condition
2(b) 241.84 141.17 0.02 0.2624
2 (c) 240.04 139.77 0.02 0.2624
Total 1127.17 289.51 0.02 0.26
Inner Cross girder
Moment Shear Moment Shear
Load Case
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Bearing
Replacement
1 0.00 0.00
2(a) 427.22 404.59
Service
condition
2(b) 1323.22 1350.59
2 (c) 1309.02 1337.39
Total 1323.22 1350.59
8.3.3 Servicibility limit State for Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
Load Case DL SIDL
Bearing
1 1 1.2
Replacement
Service
2 1 1.2
condition

End Cross girder Inner Cross girder

Moment Moment Moment Moment
Load Case
(kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Bearing
1 1127.17 289.51 0.00 0.00
Replacement
Service
2 89.84 55.17 427.22 404.59
condition
Total 1127.17 289.51 427.22 404.59

144 of 178
8.4 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-
Consider rectangular beam for design of end cross girder.
1443.75 0.00350 20.10
225 1707 kN
176.97
NA NA
2225

99.5 0.0385 1707 kN

Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
600
Grade Concrete = M45 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of the section = 600 mm Depth of the section = 2225 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 25 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 mm Effective depth, d = 2126 mm
2
R = Mu/bd = 0.563 MPa Design Moment = 1526 kN-m
2
Mu,Lim/bd = 0.133xfck = 5.985 MPa Ast = 1674.5 mm2
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 2.29 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Min. reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1657.9 mm2
Hence provide 4 Nos. 25 dia Ast = 3927.0 mm2
4 Nos. 25 dia > Hence O.K.

145 of 178
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035
E of concrete = 34313 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.0042
Balanced neutral axis depth = 969.28 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 176.97 mm
Strain in steel = 0.0385 Stress in steel = 434.8 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force = 1707 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 1707 kN
Compressive force CG 73.62 mm Moment of resistance = 3503 kNm
> 1526 kNm Hence O.K.
End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span Side At support Span
Moment 1525.54 395.87 0.08 1929.98 1973.77
Width 600 600.00 1000.00 300.00 300.00
Depth 2126 2126 526 2126 2126
R = Mu/bd2 0.56 0.15 0.00 1.42 1.46
pt 0.00131 0.00034 0.00000 0.00340 0.00348
Ast required for bending 1674.5 429.8 0.4 2169.5 2220.8
Ast required for shear 4600.6 2042.4 2174.2 2174.2 1650.3
Ast required 4600.6 2042.4 2174.2 2174.2 2220.8
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
1st layers
25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia +
Reinf provided
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 2 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
2nd layers
25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia
Ast provided 3927.0 3927.0 1963.5 2945.2 2945.2
Actual NA 177 177 53 265 265
Strain in steel 0.0385 0.0385 0.0311 0.0245 0.0245
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total ultimate tensile force = 1707 1707 854 1281 1281
Total ultimate compressive force 1707 1707 854 1281 1281
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 73.6 73.6 22.1 110.4 110.4
Moment of resistance 3503 3503 430 2580 2580
Factor of Safety 2.3 8.8 5090.865 1.3 1.3
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
Shear design
VED= Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 1525.5 kN
VRD,C= Design Shear Resistance of the concrete section [0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33+0.15σCP]bwd
Grade Concrete = M45 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of beam = 600 mm Effective depth, d 2126 mm
z = 2052 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.31
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.31 MPa
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0031
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
VRD,C= = 442.3 kN
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa
VRD,S= VED - VRD,C = (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ = 1083.2 kN
Asv, provided Cotθ= 1 = 402.12 mm2
Sv = Spacing required = 264.9 mm
Minimum Spacing required (ASW/sbw=0.072*sqrt(fck)/fyk) = 694 mm
Hence Provide 2 -L 16 Stirrups @ 125 c/c

VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement

VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by Crushing of Compression strut
Concrete Strength (fcd) : = 20.1 Mpa Coeff accounting stress in compression chord ν1 = 0.60

146 of 178
 End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span Side At support Span
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 1711.0 759.6 0.4 778.5 590.9
Width of beam, b (mm) 600.0 600.0 1000.0 300.0 300.0
Effective depth, d 2125.5 2125.5 525.5 2125.5 2125.5
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 2051.9 2051.9 503.4 2015.1 2015.1
K= 1.31 1.31 1.62 1.31 1.31
vmin = 0.31 0.31 0.43 0.31 0.31
p1 = 0.0031 0.0031 0.0037 0.0046 0.0046
VRD,C= 442.34 442.34 240.40 252.83 252.83
Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf.
Check required required Not required required required
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm)0.580 0.580 0.966 0.290 0.290
Dia of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 16 16 16 12 12
Number of legs provided 2 2 2 2 2
Spacing of stirrups provided (mm) 125 125 125 150 150
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 3.217 3.217 3.217 1.508 1.508
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) 23.16 23.16 17.73 22.38 22.38
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,s (kN) 5368 5368 1761 2567 2567
Coeff accounting stress in comp chord αcw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max 5368 5368 1761 2567 2567
Difference in shear resistance (kN) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 5368 5368 1761 2567 2567
Factor of Safety associated with failure 3.14 7.07 4475.13 3.30 4.34
Increase in longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 2000.25 888.01 0.62 945.31 717.54
Area of steel required for shear due stut & tie model4600.56 2042.42 1.42 2174.20 1650.35
8.5. Servicebility limit State Method
8.5.1. Flexure member Design of end girder support section
Grade Concrete = M45 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Bending Compression of concrete = 21.60 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete= 2.29 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 34313 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 5.83 Tensile stress of steel = 240 Mpa
Width of Section = 600 mm Depth of Section = 2225 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Effective depth, d = 2126 mm
Minimum reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1657.89 mm2
Hence provide 4 Nos. 25 dia Ast = 3927.0 mm2
4 Nos. 25 dia Moment = 1127.17 kN

Balanced neutral axis depth = = 731.35 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 366.36 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00072 Stress in steel = 143.3 MPa
Comp. stress of concrete = 5.12 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00015 5.12
562.63
366.36
NA NA

562.63
0.00072
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force = 562.63 kN Total tensile force = 562.63 kN
Compressive force CG = 122.12 mm Moment of resistance = 1127.17 kNm

147 of 178
 Rare Combination (SL1) Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
End Cross girder Inner Cross girder End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span At support Span At support Span At support Span
h or D 2225 2225 2225 2225 2225 2225 2225 2225
b 600 600 300 300 600 600 300 300
d 2126 2126 2126 2126 2126 2126 2126 2126
Moment 1127.17 289.51 1323.22 1350.59 1127.17 289.51 427.22 404.59
Reinf provided 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia + 25 dia +
4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos. 4 Nos. 4 Nos. 3 Nos. 3 Nos.
25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia 25 dia
Ast provided 3927.0 3927.0 2945.2 2945.2 3927.0 3927.0 2945.2 2945.2
Stress in concrete 5.1 1.3 10.1 10.4 5.1 1.3 3.3 3.10
Actual NA 366 366 439 439 366 366 439 439
Stress in steel 143.3 36.8 227.0 231.7 143.3 36.8 73.3 69.4
Total ultimate tensile force = 563 145 669 682 563 145 216 204
Total ultimate compressive force563 145 669 682 563 145 216 204
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 122.1 122.1 146.4 146.4 122.1 122.1 146.4 146.4
Moment of resistance 1127 290 1323 1351 1127 290 427 405
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Description Side
h or D 1000
b 1000 Max Concrete stress 10.4 < 21.6 Mpa
d 526 Ok
Moment 0.02
Reinf provided 2 Nos. Max Concrete steel 231.7 < 240.0 Mpa
25 dia + Ok
2 Nos.
25 dia
Ast provided 1963.5
Stress in concrete 0.0
Actual NA 99
Stress in steel 0.0
Total ultimate tensile force = 0
Total ultimate compressive force 0
Difference of force 0
Compressive force CG 32.9
Moment of resistance 0
Diff. of moment 0.0

148 of 178
8.5.2. Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Crack width, Wk = Sr,max * (εsm-εcm)
Where, εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 163.48 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.829
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]=248.8 mm
Ac,eff =b*hc,eff ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.026
fct,eff = = 2.29 Mpa εsm-εcm = 0.000566
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.00049
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 50 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2 25.0 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 331.5 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.188 mm
< 0.3 mm OK
End Cross girder Inner Cross girder
Description At support Span Side At support Span
Stress in steel, σs 163.5 44.2 0.0 90.3 85.7 at extrem fibre
As 3927.0 3927.0 1963.5 2945.2 2945.2
Actual NA 366 366 99 439 439
hc,eff 248.8 248.8 500.0 248.8 248.8
ρp,eff 0.026 0.026 0.013 0.039 0.039
εsm-εcm 0.00057 0.00013 0.00000 0.00027 0.00026
φeq 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Crack spacing Sr,max 331.5 331.5 331.5 331.5 331.5
Crack width, Wk 0.188 0.044 0.000 0.090 0.085
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
8.6. Side face reinforcement
Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1657.89 mm2
Side face reinf. 0.1% bd = 1275.30 mm2
Hence provide 7 Nos. 12 dia on each span Ast = 1583.4 mm2

149 of 178
9.0 Design of Deck Slab
Assume Width of Slab = 1.000 m
Maximum cantilever span of deck slab = 1.750 m
9.1 Design of Cantilever Slab beyond outer longitudinal girder
500 mm
Wearing course.
65
225 225 mm

300 1600 mm
1750 mm

Cross Section Showing Cantilever slab

i) Dead load Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Slab Uniform 0.225x1.60x25 9.00 0.800 7.200

ii) SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)

Wearing course 0.065x(1.60-0.5)x22 1.57 0.550 0.865
Crash barrier 7.50 1.365 10.238
Total 9.07 11.10

iii) Live load Only Class-A shall be applicable in cantilever slab

Class-A Loading
171.00 kN 500 mm
150
65
225 mm
225
1080
700
L= 1600 mm

Cross Section Showing placing of Class-A Loading

Axle Loads 11.4 t 114 kN
Size of wheel W= 500 mm
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
Total live load of two axles on Cantilever slab 114x(1+50/100) = 171.0 kN
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = 1.2a+b1
a = The distance of the C.G. of loading from support = 0.700 m
b1= The breadth of con.area of the wheel over slab = 0.630 m
bef = 1.470 m
> 1.200 m overlaps
Modified bef 1.47+1.2 = 2.670 m
Dispersed width along tranverse direction =500+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.080 m
Dispersion within cantilever slab
Shear = 171.0/2.67 64.04 kN/m width
Moment = 64.04x0.70 44.83 kN-m/m width
iv) Summary of moment
DL SIDL Class A Total
Shear 9.00 9.07 64.04 82.12
Moment 7.20 11.10 44.83 63.13

150 of 178
9.2 Deck slab between girders
9.2.1 Dead Load +SIDL
Dead load 0.225*25 = 5.625 kN/m
SIDL for crash barrier = 7.5 kN/m
Wearing course 0.065*22 = 1.43 kN/m
7.5 7.5 7
1.43 kN/m

1.750 3 3 3 1.750

Dead load & SIDL position over Deck

9.2.2 Live Load

i) 70R- Track Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m

4.57

0.84 0.840
2.9
2.06
2.06
1.5

1.75 3 3 3 1.75
70R- Track Loading position over Deck for maximum moment
Centre to centre distance between X-gider b = 11.133 m
Span L = 3 m
Total Load = 700 kN
Impact Factor = 25 %
Dispersion of load along direction of movement
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = α a(1-a/L)+b1
b/L = 3.71 α = 2.6
a1 = 1.5 m
Thickness of W/C = 65 mm Thick. of Deck slab = 225 mm
b1 =4.57+0.065x2 = 4.70 m
bef 1 = 6.650 m

For Second Wheel a2 = 0.56 m

bef 2 = 5.884 m
Dispersion of load along Span
Effective Width = =0.84+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.420 m
Intensity of Loading =700/2x(1+0.25)/(6.65x1.42) = 46.3 kN/m
Intensity of Loading =700/2x(1+0.25)/(5.88x1.42) = 52.4 kN/m

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ii) 70R- Wheel Loading Add snow load = 0.00 kN/m
40T Bogie loading

=10/((0.86-0.05)x5.273x10) 1.22

0.234
0.86 0.86
2.79
1.93
Position of 70R Wheel bogie load

1.93
1.5

1.75 3 3 3 1.75
70R- Track Loading position over Deck for maximum moment
Total Load = 400 kN
Impact Factor = 25 %
Dispersion of load along direction of movement
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = α a(1-a/L)+b1
α = 2.6 a = 1.5 m
Thickness of W/C = 65 mm Thick. of Deck slab = 225 mm
b1 =0.234+0.065x2 = 0.364 m
bef = 2.314 m
> 1.220 m Overlaps.
Modified bef =2.314+1.22 = 3.534 m

For Second Wheel a2 = 0.43 m

bef 2 = 1.322 m
Modified bef =1.322+1.22 = 2.542 m
Dispersion of load along Span
Effective Width = =0.860+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.440 m
< 1.930 m Not overlaps.
Intensity of Loading =400/2x(1+0.25)/(3.534x1.440) = 49.1 kN/m
Intensity of Loading =400/2x(1+0.25)/(2.542x1.440) = 68.3 kN/m

iii) Class-A Loading

2 Nos. 11.4 T Axle

1.2

0.250
0.5 0.50
2.3
1.8
Position of Class-A loading

1.500 1.8 1.7 1.8

1.75 3 3 3 1.75
70R- Track Loading position over Deck for maximum moment
Each Axle load = 114 kN
Impact Factor = 50 %

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 Dispersion of load along direction of movement
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011 bef = α a(1-a/L)+b1
α = 2.6 For Ist Wheel a = 1.500 m
Thickness of W/C = 65 mm Thick. of Deck slab = 225 mm
b1 =0.250+0.065x2 = 0.380 m bef = 2.030 m
> 1.200 m Overlaps.
Modified bef1 = 3.230 m

For 2nd Wheel a = 0.30 m

bef = 1.082 m
< 1.200 kN-m Not overlaps.
Modified bef2 = 2.282 m

For 3rd Wheel a = 2.00 m

bef = 2.113 m
Modified bef3 = 3.313 m

For 4th Wheel a = 0.80 m

bef = 1.905 m
Modified bef4 = 3.105 m
Dispersion of load along Span
Effective Width = =0.5+(0.065+0.225)x2 = 1.080 m
Intensity of 1st Wheel =114x(1+0.50)/(3.230x1.080) = 49.0 kN/m
Intensity of 2nd Wheel=114x(1+0.50)/(2.282x1.080) = 69.4 kN/m
Intensity of 3rd Wheel =114x(1+0.50)/(3.313x1.080) = 47.8 kN/m
Intensity of 4th Wheel =114x(1+0.50)/(3.105x1.080) = 51.0 kN/m
Staad Outputs
2 1 SELFWEIGHT 0 0 10.205 0 0 0 8.643
0.75 0 5.987 0 0 0 2.571
1.5 0 1.768 0 0 0 -0.337
2.25 0 -2.451 0 0 0 -0.081
3 0 -6.67 0 0 0 3.339
2 SIDL 0 0 6.939 0 0 0 12.883
0.75 0 5.866 0 0 0 8.081
1.5 0 4.794 0 0 0 4.083
2.25 0 3.721 0 0 0 0.89
3 0 2.649 0 0 0 -1.498
3 70R TRACKED LIVE 0 LOAD 0 23.104 0 0 0 0
0.75 0 23.104 0 0 0 -17.328
1.5 0 -9.769 0 0 0 -22.986
2.25 0 -42.642 0 0 0 -2.674
3 0 -50.502 0 0 0 29.897
4 70R WHEELED LIVE 0 LOAD 0 25.037 0 0 0 0
0.75 0 25.037 0 0 0 -18.778
1.5 0 -10.315 0 0 0 -24.829
2.25 0 -45.667 0 0 0 -3.305
3 0 -65.474 0 0 0 33.817
5 CLASS A LIVE LOAD 0 0 17.484 0 0 0 0
0.75 0 17.484 0 0 0 -13.113
1.5 0 -8.976 0 0 0 -19.081
2.25 0 -35.436 0 0 0 0.352
3 0 -52.092 0 0 0 28.928
9.2.3 Summary of Moments from staad output
Member Node Location DL SIDL LL Total
2 2 Mid span 0.337 -4.083 24.829 21.083
Inner
2 3 3.339 -1.498 33.817 35.658
support

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9.3 Design of Cantilever Slab over pier
65
400 400 mm

600 500 mm
End cross Girder 800 mm

Wearing course.
Cross Section Showing Cantilever slab
i) Dead load +SIDL Wt (kN) D (m) M (kN-m)
Slab Uniform 0.4x0.5x25 5.00 0.250 1.250
Varying (0.4-0.4)x0.5/2x25 0.00 0.167 0.000
Wearing course 0.065x0.5x22 0.72 0.250 0.179
Total 5.72 1.43

ii) 70R-Tracked Loading 47.87 kN

65
400
400

L= 500 mm
Wearing course.
Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Tracked Loading
Total load per track = 350 kN
Length of Track = 4.57 m
Impact Factor = 25 %
Total weight on Cantilever slab 350x0.5x(1+25/100)/4.57 = 47.9 kN
Overall width of track = 0.84 m
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011
bef = 1.2a+b1
a = The distance of the C.G. of loading from support = 0.250 m
b1= The breadth of con.area of the wheel over slab = 0.970 m
bef = = 1.270 m
< 2.060 m
does not overlap
Shear = 47.9/1.27 37.69 kN/m width
Moment = 47.9x0.25/1.27 9.42 kN-m/m width
iii) 70R-Wheeled Loading - 20t axle load 250.00 kN

65
400
400

L= 500 mm

Cross Section Showing placing of 70R-Wheeled Loading

Total Load = 200 kN
Impact Factor = 25 %
Total weight on Cantilever slab 200x(1+25/100) = 250.0 kN
Overall width of track = 0.86 m
Width of track along tranverse direction = 0.234 m
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011
bef = 1.2a+b1
a = The distance of the C.G. of loading from support = 0.383 m
b1= The breadth of con.area of the wheel over slab = 0.990 m
bef = = 1.450 m
< 2.040 m
does not overlap each other
Modified bef 1.45 = 1.450 m
Shear = 250.0/2/1.45 86.24 kN/m width
Moment = 250.0/2x0.38/1.45 33.02 kN-m/m width

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 iv) Class-A Loading 171.00 kN

65
400
400

L= 500 mm

Cross Section Showing placing of Class-A Loading

Loads 11.4 t axle 114 kN
Size of wheel W= 500 mm
B= 250 mm
Impact Factor 50 %
Total weight on Cantilever slab 114x(1+50/100) = 171.0 kN
As per Annexure B-3 of IRC 112:2011
bef = 1.2a+b1
a = The distance of the C.G. of loading from support = 0.375 m
b1= The breadth of con.area of the wheel over slab = 0.630 m
bef = 1.080 m
< 1.800 m
does not overlap
Modified bef 1.08 = 1.080 m
Shear = 171.0/2/1.08 79.17 kN/m width
Moment = 171.0/2x0.38/1.08 29.69 kN-m/m width

v) Summary of loading
DL SIDL 70R- Tracked
70R- WheeledClass A
Shear 5.00 0.72 37.69 86.24 79.17
Moment 1.25 0.18 9.42 33.02 29.69
9.4 Summary of Bending Moment of slab
Tranverse section of slab Cantilever
Location End Inner slab at exp.
Span Joint
support support
DL 7.20 0.337 3.339 1.25
Service SIDL 11.10 -4.083 -1.498 0.18
condition
Live Load 44.83 24.829 33.817 33.02

9.4.1 Ultimate limit State

Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Load Case DL SIDL LL
1(a) 1.35 1.75
Service
1(b) 1.35 1.75 1.5
condition
1(c) 1 1 1.5
Cant. slab at
Tranverse section of slab
exp. Joint
Inner
End support Moment (kN-
Load Case (kN-m)
Span (kN-m) support (kN-
m)
m)
1(a) 29.15 -6.69 1.89 2.00
Service
1(b) 96.40 30.55 52.61 51.53
condition
1(c) 85.55 33.50 52.57 50.96
Total 96.40 33.50 52.61 51.53
9.4.2 Servicibility limit State for Rare Combination (SL1)
Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Load Case DL SIDL LL
1(a) 1 1.2
Service
condition
1(b) 1 1.2 1
1(c) 1 1 1

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 Cant. slab at
Tranverse section of slab
exp. Joint
Inner
End support Moment (kN-
Load Case (kN-m)
Span (kN-m) support (kN-
m)
m)
1(a) 20.52 -4.56 1.54 1.46
Service
1(b) 65.36 20.27 35.36 34.49
condition
1(c) 63.13 21.08 35.66 34.45
Total 65.36 21.08 35.66 34.49
9.4.3 Servicibility limit State for Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
Load Combination - 1) Dead load +SIDL
Load Case DL SIDL
Service
1 1 1.2
condition
Cant. slab at
Tranverse section of slab
exp. Joint
Inner
End support Moment (kN-
Load Case (kN-m)
Span (kN-m) support (kN-
m)
m)
Service
1 20.52 -4.56 1.54 1.46
condition
9.5 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-
Design of End support
0.00350 20.10
874 kN
54.36
225 NA NA

58 0.0073 874 kN
1000 Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

Grade Concrete = M45 Grade of steel = Fe 500

Width of the section = 1000 mm Depth of the section = 225 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 16 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 0 mm Effective depth, d = 167 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 3.456 MPa Design Moment = 96.40 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck = 5.985 MPa Ast = 1471.0 mm2
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 2.29 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Min. reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 217.1 mm2
Hence provide 16 dia @ 200 c/c Ast = 2010.6 mm2
16 dia @ 200 c/c > 1471.0 mm2 Hence O.K.

E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035

E of concrete = 34313 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.0042
Balanced neutral axis depth = 76.16 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 54.36 mm
Strain in steel = 0.0073 Stress in steel = 434.8 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force = 874 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 874 kN
Compressive force CG 22.62 mm Moment of resistance = 126 kNm
> 96 kNm Hence O.K.

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 Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description End Inner
Span Support
support support
Moment 96.40 33.50 52.61 51.53
Width 1000 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00
Overall depth 225 225 225 400
Effective depth 167 167 167 342
R = Mu/bd2 3.46 1.20 1.89 0.44
pt 0.00881 0.00285 0.00457 0.00102
Ast required for bending 1471.0 476.2 763.0 350.4
16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Reinf provided
16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia
@ 200 c/c 200 dia 200 dia @ 150 c/c
Ast provided 2010.6 2010.6 2010.6 1047.2
Actual NA 54 54 54 28
Strain in steel 0.0073 0.0073 0.0073 0.0388
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total ultimate tensile force = 874 874 874 455
Total ultimate compressive force 874 874 874 455
Difference of force 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 22.6 22.6 22.6 11.8
Moment of resistance 126 126 126 150
Factor of Safety 1.3 3.8 2.4 2.9
Check Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K. Hence O.K.
9.6. Servicebility limit State Method
9.6.1. Flexure member
Grade Concrete = M45 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Bending Compression of concrete = 21.60 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 2.29 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 34313 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 5.83 Tensile stress of steel = 240 Mpa
Width of Section = 1000 mm Depth of Section = 225 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Effective depth, d = 167 mm
Minimum reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 217.10 mm2
Hence provide 16 dia @ 200 c/c Ast = 2010.6 mm2
16 dia 200 c/c
Design Moment = 65.36 kN-m
Balanced neutral axis depth = = 57.46 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 51.93 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00109 Stress in steel = 217.2 MPa
Comp. stress of concrete = 16.81 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00049 16.81
436.61
51.93
NA NA

436.61
0.00109
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force = 436.61 kN Total tensile force = 436.61 kN
Compressive force CG = 17.31 mm Moment of resistance = 65.36 kNm

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 Rare Combination (SL1) Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description Inner Inner
End support Span Support End support Span Support
support support
h or D 225 225 225 400 225 225 225 400
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 167 167 167 342 167 167 167 342
Moment 65.36 21.08 35.66 34.49 20.52 -4.56 1.54 1.46
Reinf provided 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia
@ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c
16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 10 dia
@ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 200 c/c @ 150 c/c
Ast provided 2010.6 2010.6 2010.6 1047.2 2010.6 2010.6 2010.6 1047.2
Stress in concrete 16.8 5.4 9.2 3.6 5.3 -1.2 0.4 0.2
Actual NA 51.93 51.93 51.93 58.80 51.93 51.93 51.93 58.80
Stress in steel 217.2 70.1 118.5 102.1 68.2 -15.2 5.1 4.3
Total ultimate tensile force = 437 141 238 107 137 -30 10 5
Total ultimate compressive force 437 141 238 107 137 -30 10 5
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 17.3 17.3 17.3 19.6 17.3 17.3 17.3 19.6
Moment of resistance 65 21 36 34 21 -5 2 1
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Max stress in concrete 16.8 Mpa < 21.60 Mpa Ok

Max stress in steel 217.2 Mpa < 240.00 Mpa Ok

9.6.2. Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Crack width, Wk = Sr,max * (εsm-εcm)
Where, εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 217.15 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 5.829
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]= 112.5 mm
Ac,eff =b*hc,eff ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.018
fct,eff = = 2.29 Mpa εsm-εcm = 0.000731
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.000651
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 50 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 16.0 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 322.2 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.236 mm
< 0.3 mm OK

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 Tranverse section of slab Cant. slab
Description End Inner
Span Support
support support
Stress in steel, σs 217.2 70.1 118.5 102.1
As 2010.6 2010.6 2010.6 1047.2
Actual NA 52 52 52 59
hc,eff 112.5 112.5 112.5 145.0
ρp,eff 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.007
εsm-εcm 0.00073 0.00021 0.00036 0.00031
φeq 16.0 16.0 16.0 10.0
Crack spacing Sr,max 322.2 322.2 322.2 405.4
Crack width, Wk 0.236 0.068 0.115 0.124
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.

9.6.3. Tranverse reinforcement

Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 217.10 mm2
Main reinf. provided = 2010.6 mm2
As per clause 16.6.1.1 (3) of IRC-112:2011, minimum tranverse reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement.
Minimum tranverse reinforcement = 402.1 mm2
As per clause 16.5.4 (4) of IRC-112:2011,the area of surface reinforcement is 0.01 Act ext.
Where Act ext is the area of cover = 500.0 mm2
Stress at top of deck slab near support section exceeds the permissible tensile stress i.e. 1.53Mpa.
Necessary reinforcement shall be provided to resist the tensile stress of deck slab.
Maximum tensile stress = -2.49 MPa Maximum tensile force = 180.81 kN/m width
Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa Area of reinforcement required = 753.36 mm2
Hence Provide 10 dia 150 c/c at top & bottom Ast provided = 1047.20 mm2
10 dia 150 c/c at top of supports Hence O.K.

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10.0 Load data for POT-PTFE Bearing

The proposed bearing arrangement shall be planned based on RDSO bearing layout for Road overbridge.
Dead load, SIDL, Live load and wind load effect shall be applicable in Fixed, Trans guided, Long guided and free bearing.

10.1. Normal Condition

a) Girder1 Maximum Load Minimum Load
a) Reaction due to Self wt of girder+Deck Slab = 1040.65 kN 1040.65 kN
b) Reaction due to SIDL = 120.89 kN 120.89 kN
c) Reaction due to Footpath Live Load = 0.00 kN -18.18 kN
d) Wind load loaded structure = 51.07 kN 51.07 kN
e) Reaction due to live load = 617.87 kN -19.53 kN
Total = 1830.48 kN 1174.90 kN
b) Girder 2 Maximum Load Minimum Load
a) Reaction due to Self wt of girder+Deck Slab = 1057.33 kN 1057.33 kN
b) Reaction due to SIDL = 101.10 kN 101.10 kN
c) Reaction due to Footpath Live Load = 14.98 kN 14.98 kN
d) Wind load loaded structure = 49.55 kN 49.55 kN
e) Reaction due to live load = 791.67 kN -1.51 kN
Total = 2014.63 kN 1221.45 kN

c) Girder 3 Maximum Load Minimum Load

a) Reaction due to Self wt of girder+Deck Slab = 1081.85 kN 1081.85 kN
b) Reaction due to SIDL = 120.89 kN 120.89 kN
c) Reaction due to Footpath Live Load = 11.96 kN 11.96 kN
d) Wind load loaded structure = 49.55 kN 49.55 kN
e) Reaction due to live load = 693.76 kN -50.34 kN
Total = 1958.01 kN 1213.92 kN

d) Girder 4 Maximum Load Minimum Load

a) Reaction due to Self wt of girder+Deck Slab = 1201.49 kN 1201.49 kN
b) Reaction due to SIDL = 101.10 kN 101.10 kN
c) Reaction due to Footpath Live Load = 92.74 kN 92.74 kN
d) Wind load loaded structure = 51.07 kN 51.07 kN
e) Reaction due to live load = 237.96 kN -83.34 kN
Total = 1684.36 kN 1363.06 kN

Calculation of Longitudinal and Tranverse Force

(a)1-lane Class 70R wheeled Loading
1225 kN
0.50 9.00 0.50 1.5 0.50
1.2 2.79

0.86
12.00
Section showing location of 70R wheeled loading
5.124 CG of all loads =5.124m
44.5 13.4 from extreme right
4.324 1225 kN 170kN load.
B 0 A
0.800 33.40 0.800
left free- right fixed 70R Wheel
RA (fixed bearing)= (33.4 - 4.324)/33.4 * 1225 + (33.4 - 44.53)/33.4 * 0 = 1066.4
RB (free bearing)= 1225+0-1066.411 = 158.6
Transverse eccentricity 12/2-0.5-1.2-2.79/2 = 2.905
Horizontal Force, Fh 1225x0.2+0x0.1 = 245
Velocity, V = 60
Radius, R = 10000000
Braking & centrifugal force act at 1.2m above deck level
Height of structure above bearing = 3.78
Centrifugal Force = WV2/127R = 0.0000 W
Total Tranverse Force Centrifugal Force = 0.00
Dead load+SIDL reaction(Rg) at RA or RB = = 4825.29
Value of " µ " = = 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of longer span (RB) =µxR B = 294.58
Horizontal force at fixed bearing of longer span (RA) =Fh-µxRB = -49.58
Horizontal force at fixed bearing of longer span (RA) =Fh/2+µxRB = 417.08
Total Longitudinal horizontal force = 417.08
Sum(r^2) in Tranverse direction = 90.00
Number of Steel composite longitudinal girder
= 4 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.00 m

Horizontal force in pin bearing Longitudinal force = 417.08 kN

Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
Reaction due to horizontal load Longitudinal force = 6.92 kN
Outer girder Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
Inner girder = 0.00 kN
Load Combination As per Clause 706 of IRC:78-2014
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force
2) Dead load +SIDL+Wind load - unloaded strructure
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + wind load - loaded structure
4) Dead load +SIDL+ Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Longitudinal seismic
5) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Tranverse seismic
Load on each bearing
Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation

Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load

DL 1057.33 1057.33 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Wind load 49.55 49.55 32.33 129.32 0.000097
Footpath LL 14.98 14.98 0.001000
Girder2 Live load 791.67 -1.51 0.000200
Braking 6.92 -6.92 104.27
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00
Total 2021.55 1214.52 136.60 129.32 0.00310 0.00120

Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation

Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
DL 1201.49 1201.49 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Wind load 51.07 51.07 32.33 129.32 0.000097
Footpath LL 92.74 92.74 0.00100
Girder4 Live load 237.96 -83.34 0.00020
Braking 6.92 -6.92 104.27
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00
Total 1691.28 1356.13 136.60 129.32 0.00310 0.00120
 Load data of POT-PTFE bearing for Normal case Increased or decreased by 5%
Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation
Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
Fixed bearing 2123 1154 143 0 0.0033 0.0013
Long fixed 2123 1154 143 0 0.0033 0.0013
Tranv fixed 2123 1154 0 0 0.0033 0.0013
Free 2123 1154 0 0 0.0033 0.0013

10.2 Seismic Forces

Seismic forces on the structure are calculated as per IRC : 6 - 2017.  z  S a 
 
 
Horizontal Seismic force,AF  2  g 
h x (Dead Load + Appropriate Live Load) Ah =
 R 
Where, Ah = Horizontal Seismic Coefficient  
 I 

z = zone factor = For Zone III = 0.16

I = Importance factor = = 1.2
R = Response Reduction factor = = 1
2
Young Modulus, E = Grade of concrete for pier = 45 Mpa = 34313 kN/m
Sa/g = Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.0 < T < 0.55 For Medium Soil
= 1.36/T for 0.55 < T < 4.0 D
T = 2.0
T = Fundamental Natural Time Period of Pier/Abutment 1000 F

Total Dead Load + SIDL = 9650.6 kN

Live Load , assume 20% effect to be considered = 140 kN
D = Appropriate Dead Load and Live Load of Superstructure in kN = = 9790.6 kN
F = Horizontal Load Required for one mm deflection = 3EI/L3
Moment of inertia has been calculated based on base section of pier
L = Height of Pier = 15.000 m
Size of pier along Longitudinal direction i.e. width of pier = 1.800 m
Size of pier along Tranverse direction i.e. depth of pier = 3.800 m
For Longitudinal Direction, I = = 1.847 m4
For Transeverse Direction, I = = 8.231 m4
F = Horizontal Load Required for one mm deflection = 3EI/L3 kN
F (For Londitudinal Direction) = 56.3 kN T= 0.834 Sec
F (For Transeverse Direction) = 251.0 kN T= 0.395 Sec
So, Sa/g = = 2.500
Seismic coefficient
Vertical coefficient for longitudinal seismic = 0.160
Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal = 0.16/2x2.500/(1/1.2) = 0.240
Vertical coefficient for tranverse seismic = 0.160
Horizontal coefficient -Transverse = 0.16/2x2.500/(1/1.2) = 0.240

10.2 Longitudinal Seismic case

MAXIMUM Longitudinal moment case or Maximum Reaction
(a)1-lane Class 70R wheeled Loading
245 kN
0.50 9 0.50 1.5 0.50
1.2 2.79

0.86
12.00
Section showing location of 70R wheeled loading

44.530 5.124 CG of all loads =5.124m

13.4 from extreme right

4.324 245 kN 170kN load.
B 0 A
0.800 33.40 0.800
left free- right fixed 70R Wheel Class-A
RA (fixed bearing)= (33.4 - 4.324)/33.4 * 245 + (33.4 - 44.53)/33.4 * 0 = 213.3 KN
RB (free bearing)= 245+0-213.283 = 31.7 KN
Transverse eccentricity 12/2-0.5--1.2-2.79/2 = 2.905 m
Horizontal Force, Fh 245x0.2+0x0.1 = 49 KN
Velocity, V = 60 kmph
Radius, R = 10000000 m
Braking & centrifugal force act at 1.2m above deck level
Height of structure above bearing = 3.78 m
2
Centrifugal Force = WV /127R = 0.000 W
Total Tranverse Force Centrifugal Force = 0.0 KN
Dead load+SIDL reaction(Rg) at RA or RB = = 4825.29 KN
Value of " µ " = = 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of longer span (RB) =µxR B = 251.93 KN
Horizontal force at fixed bearing of longer span (RA) =Fh-µxRB = -202.93 KN
Horizontal force at fixed bearing of longer span (RA) =Fh/2+µxRB = 276.43 KN
Total Longitudinal horizontal force = 276.43 KN
Sum(r^2) in Tranverse direction = 90.00 m2
 Number of steel longitudinal girder = 4 Nos. Spacing of longitudinal girder = 3.00 m
Horizontal force in each bearing Longitudinal force = 276.43 kN
Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
Reaction due to horizontal load Longitudinal force = 1.38 kN
Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
= 0.00 kN

Vertical coefficient = 0.160

Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal = 0.240
Horizontal seismic force for fixed bearings 2316.14 + 58.8 = 2374.9 KN
Verical seismic force for all bearing 1544.09184 + 39.2 = 1544.1 KN
C,G. of superstructure = 1.646 m
Horizontal seismic force bearings = 593.7 KN
Reaction due to Vertical load = 193.0 KN
Vertical load due to horizontal load = 29.26 KN

Load Combination As per Clause 706 of IRC:78-2014

1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force
2) Dead load +SIDL+Wind load - unloaded strructure
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + wind load - loaded structure
4) Dead load +SIDL+ Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Longitudinal seismic
5) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Tranverse seismic
Load on each bearing
Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation
Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
DL 1057.33 1057.33 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Footpath LL 3.00 0.00100
Live load 158.33 -0.30 0.00020
Girder3 Braking 1.38 -1.38 69.11
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00

long seismic 222.28 -222.28 593.7

Total 1543.41 934.46 662.84 0.00 0.00300 0.00120

Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation

Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
DL 1201.49 1201.49 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Footpath LL 18.55 18.55 0.00020
Live load 47.59 -16.67 0.00004
Girder4 Braking 1.38 -1.38 69.11
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00

long seismic 222.28 -222.28 593.73

Total 1592.38 1080.80 662.84 0.00 0.003000 0.000240

Load data of POT-PTFE bearing for Normal case Increased or decreased by 5%

Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation
Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
Fixed bearing 1672 888 696 0 0.0032 0.0013
Long fixed 1672 888 696 0 0.0032 0.0013
Tranv fixed 1672 888 0 0 0.0032 0.0013
Free 1672 888 0 0 0.0032 0.0013

10.3 Tranverse Seismic case

Horizontal force in each bearing Longitudinal force = 276.43 kN
Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
Reaction due to horizontal load Longitudinal force = 1.38 kN
Tranverse force = 0.00 kN
= 0.00 kN
Vertical coefficient = 0.160
Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal = 0.240
Horizontal seismic force for fixed bearings 2374.9 + 58.80 = 2433.7 KN
Verical seismic force for all bearing 1544.1 + 39.20 = 1583.3 KN
C,G. of superstructure = 1.646 m
C,G. of live load = 3.775 m
Horizontal seismic force for each bearings = 608.4 KN
Reaction due to Vertical load = 197.9 KN
Vertical load due to horizontal load = 206.58 KN
= 68.86 KN
Load Combination As per Clause 706 of IRC:78-2014
1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force
2) Dead load +SIDL+Wind load - unloaded strructure
3) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + wind load - loaded structure
4) Dead load +SIDL+ Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Longitudinal seismic
5) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force + Tranverse seismic
Load on each bearing
Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation
Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
DL 1057.33 1057.33 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Footpath LL 3.00 0.00 0.00100
Live load 158.33 -0.30 0.00020
Girder1 Braking 1.38 -1.38 69.11
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00

tran seismic 404.49 -404.49 608.43

Total 1725.63 752.24 69.11 608.43 0.00300 0.00120

Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation

Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
DL 1201.49 1201.49 0.002
SIDL 101.10 101.10 0.001
Footpath LL 18.55 18.55 0.00020
Live load 47.59 -16.67 0.00004
Girder4 Braking 1.38 -1.38 69.11
Centrifugal
force 0.00 0.00

long seismic 404.49 -404.49

Total 1774.60 898.59 69.11 0.00 0.003000 0.000240

Load data of POT-PTF/Pin /metalic guide bearing for Long seismic case
Vertical load Horizontal force Rotation
Max Min Long. Trans. DL+SIDL Live load
Fixed bearing 1863 715 73 639 0.0032 0.0013
Long fixed 1863 715 73 0
Tranv fixed 1863 715 0 639
Free 1863 715 0 0
11.0 Staad Analysis

151152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185186
1.750
12 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4142

3.000

4344 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 7778

3.000

7980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113114

3.000

115116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149150
1.750
187188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221222

0.8 33.40 0.8

2.0875 2.0875

Node No & Dimensions

165 of 178
141142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174175
500
505 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 506
507
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

501
540 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 543 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 544 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 541
542

36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

502
575 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 578 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 579 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 576
577

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104105

503
610 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 613 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 614 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 611
612

106107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139140
504
645 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 646
647
176177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209210

Member No

166 of 178
12.1 Analysis of Girder
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 01-Nov-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 1.75; 2 0.8 0 1.75; 9 1.81212 0 1.75; 10 2.82424 0 1.75;
11 3.83636 0 1.75; 12 4.84849 0 1.75; 13 5.86061 0 1.75; 14 6.87273 0 1.75;
15 7.88485 0 1.75; 16 8.89697 0 1.75; 17 9.90909 0 1.75; 18 10.9212 0 1.75;
19 11.9333 0 1.75; 20 12.9455 0 1.75; 21 13.9576 0 1.75; 22 14.9697 0 1.75;
23 15.9818 0 1.75; 24 16.9939 0 1.75; 25 18.0061 0 1.75; 26 19.0182 0 1.75;
27 20.0303 0 1.75; 28 21.0424 0 1.75; 29 22.0545 0 1.75; 30 23.0667 0 1.75;
31 24.0788 0 1.75; 32 25.0909 0 1.75; 33 26.103 0 1.75; 34 27.1152 0 1.75;
35 28.1273 0 1.75; 36 29.1394 0 1.75; 37 30.1515 0 1.75; 38 31.1636 0 1.75;
39 32.1758 0 1.75; 40 33.1879 0 1.75; 41 34.2 0 1.75; 42 35 0 1.75;
43 0 0 4.75; 44 0.8 0 4.75; 45 1.81212 0 4.75; 46 2.82424 0 4.75;
47 3.83636 0 4.75; 48 4.84849 0 4.75; 49 5.86061 0 4.75; 50 6.87273 0 4.75;
51 7.88485 0 4.75; 52 8.89697 0 4.75; 53 9.90909 0 4.75; 54 10.9212 0 4.75;
55 11.9333 0 4.75; 56 12.9455 0 4.75; 57 13.9576 0 4.75; 58 14.9697 0 4.75;
59 15.9818 0 4.75; 60 16.9939 0 4.75; 61 18.0061 0 4.75; 62 19.0182 0 4.75;
63 20.0303 0 4.75; 64 21.0424 0 4.75; 65 22.0545 0 4.75; 66 23.0667 0 4.75;
67 24.0788 0 4.75; 68 25.0909 0 4.75; 69 26.103 0 4.75; 70 27.1152 0 4.75;
71 28.1273 0 4.75; 72 29.1394 0 4.75; 73 30.1515 0 4.75; 74 31.1636 0 4.75;
75 32.1758 0 4.75; 76 33.1879 0 4.75; 77 34.2 0 4.75; 78 35 0 4.75;
79 0 0 7.75; 80 0.8 0 7.75; 81 1.81212 0 7.75; 82 2.82424 0 7.75;
83 3.83636 0 7.75; 84 4.84849 0 7.75; 85 5.86061 0 7.75; 86 6.87273 0 7.75;
87 7.88485 0 7.75; 88 8.89697 0 7.75; 89 9.90909 0 7.75; 90 10.9212 0 7.75;
91 11.9333 0 7.75; 92 12.9455 0 7.75; 93 13.9576 0 7.75; 94 14.9697 0 7.75;
95 15.9818 0 7.75; 96 16.9939 0 7.75; 97 18.0061 0 7.75; 98 19.0182 0 7.75;
99 20.0303 0 7.75; 100 21.0424 0 7.75; 101 22.0545 0 7.75; 102 23.0667 0 7.75;
103 24.0788 0 7.75; 104 25.0909 0 7.75; 105 26.103 0 7.75; 106 27.1152 0 7.75;
107 28.1273 0 7.75; 108 29.1394 0 7.75; 109 30.1515 0 7.75; 110 31.1636 0 7.75;
111 32.1758 0 7.75; 112 33.1879 0 7.75; 113 34.2 0 7.75; 114 35 0 7.75;
115 0 0 10.75; 116 0.8 0 10.75; 117 1.81212 0 10.75; 118 2.82424 0 10.75;
119 3.83636 0 10.75; 120 4.84849 0 10.75; 121 5.86061 0 10.75;
122 6.87273 0 10.75; 123 7.88485 0 10.75; 124 8.89697 0 10.75;
125 9.90909 0 10.75; 126 10.9212 0 10.75; 127 11.9333 0 10.75;
128 12.9455 0 10.75; 129 13.9576 0 10.75; 130 14.9697 0 10.75;
131 15.9818 0 10.75; 132 16.9939 0 10.75; 133 18.0061 0 10.75;
134 19.0182 0 10.75; 135 20.0303 0 10.75; 136 21.0424 0 10.75;
137 22.0545 0 10.75; 138 23.0667 0 10.75; 139 24.0788 0 10.75;
140 25.0909 0 10.75; 141 26.103 0 10.75; 142 27.1152 0 10.75;
143 28.1273 0 10.75; 144 29.1394 0 10.75; 145 30.1515 0 10.75;
146 31.1636 0 10.75; 147 32.1758 0 10.75; 148 33.1879 0 10.75;
149 34.2 0 10.75; 150 35 0 10.75; 151 0 0 0; 152 0.8 0 0; 153 1.81212 0 0;
154 2.82424 0 0; 155 3.83636 0 0; 156 4.84849 0 0; 157 5.86061 0 0;
158 6.87273 0 0; 159 7.88485 0 0; 160 8.89697 0 0; 161 9.90909 0 0;
162 10.9212 0 0; 163 11.9333 0 0; 164 12.9455 0 0; 165 13.9576 0 0;
166 14.9697 0 0; 167 15.9818 0 0; 168 16.9939 0 0; 169 18.0061 0 0;
170 19.0182 0 0; 171 20.0303 0 0; 172 21.0424 0 0; 173 22.0545 0 0;
174 23.0667 0 0; 175 24.0788 0 0; 176 25.0909 0 0; 177 26.103 0 0;
178 27.1152 0 0; 179 28.1273 0 0; 180 29.1394 0 0; 181 30.1515 0 0;
182 31.1636 0 0; 183 32.1758 0 0; 184 33.1879 0 0; 185 34.2 0 0; 186 35 0 0;
187 0 0 12.5; 188 0.8 0 12.5; 189 1.81212 0 12.5; 190 2.82424 0 12.5;
191 3.83636 0 12.5; 192 4.84849 0 12.5; 193 5.86061 0 12.5; 194 6.87273 0 12.5;
195 7.88485 0 12.5; 196 8.89697 0 12.5; 197 9.90909 0 12.5; 198 10.9212 0 12.5;
199 11.9333 0 12.5; 200 12.9455 0 12.5; 201 13.9576 0 12.5; 202 14.9697 0 12.5;
203 15.9818 0 12.5; 204 16.9939 0 12.5; 205 18.0061 0 12.5; 206 19.0182 0 12.5;
207 20.0303 0 12.5; 208 21.0424 0 12.5; 209 22.0545 0 12.5; 210 23.0667 0 12.5;
211 24.0788 0 12.5; 212 25.0909 0 12.5; 213 26.103 0 12.5; 214 27.1152 0 12.5;
215 28.1273 0 12.5; 216 29.1394 0 12.5; 217 30.1515 0 12.5; 218 31.1636 0 12.5;
219 32.1758 0 12.5; 220 33.1879 0 12.5; 221 34.2 0 12.5; 222 35 0 12.5;
223 0.8 -0.25 1.75; 224 34.2 -0.25 1.75; 225 0.8 -0.25 4.75;
226 34.2 -0.25 4.75; 227 0.8 -0.25 7.75; 228 34.2 -0.25 7.75;
229 0.8 -0.25 10.75; 230 34.2 -0.25 10.75;
MEMBER INCIDENCES

167 of 178
1 1 2; 2 2 9; 3 9 10; 4 10 11; 5 11 12; 6 12 13; 7 13 14; 8 14 15; 9 15 16;
10 16 17; 11 17 18; 12 18 19; 13 19 20; 14 20 21; 15 21 22; 16 22 23; 17 23 24;
18 24 25; 19 25 26; 20 26 27; 21 27 28; 22 28 29; 23 29 30; 24 30 31; 25 31 32;
26 32 33; 27 33 34; 28 34 35; 29 35 36; 30 36 37; 31 37 38; 32 38 39; 33 39 40;
34 40 41; 35 42 41; 36 43 44; 37 44 45; 38 45 46; 39 46 47; 40 47 48; 41 48 49;
42 49 50; 43 50 51; 44 51 52; 45 52 53; 46 53 54; 47 54 55; 48 55 56; 49 56 57;
50 57 58; 51 58 59; 52 59 60; 53 60 61; 54 61 62; 55 62 63; 56 63 64; 57 64 65;
58 65 66; 59 66 67; 60 67 68; 61 68 69; 62 69 70; 63 70 71; 64 71 72; 65 72 73;
66 73 74; 67 74 75; 68 75 76; 69 76 77; 70 78 77; 71 79 80; 72 80 81; 73 81 82;
74 82 83; 75 83 84; 76 84 85; 77 85 86; 78 86 87; 79 87 88; 80 88 89; 81 89 90;
82 90 91; 83 91 92; 84 92 93; 85 93 94; 86 94 95; 87 95 96; 88 96 97; 89 97 98;
90 98 99; 91 99 100; 92 100 101; 93 101 102; 94 102 103; 95 103 104;
96 104 105; 97 105 106; 98 106 107; 99 107 108; 100 108 109; 101 109 110;
102 110 111; 103 111 112; 104 112 113; 105 114 113; 106 115 116; 107 116 117;
108 117 118; 109 118 119; 110 119 120; 111 120 121; 112 121 122; 113 122 123;
114 123 124; 115 124 125; 116 125 126; 117 126 127; 118 127 128; 119 128 129;
120 129 130; 121 130 131; 122 131 132; 123 132 133; 124 133 134; 125 134 135;
126 135 136; 127 136 137; 128 137 138; 129 138 139; 130 139 140; 131 140 141;
132 141 142; 133 142 143; 134 143 144; 135 144 145; 136 145 146; 137 146 147;
138 147 148; 139 148 149; 140 150 149; 141 151 152; 142 152 153; 143 153 154;
144 154 155; 145 155 156; 146 156 157; 147 157 158; 148 158 159; 149 159 160;
150 160 161; 151 161 162; 152 162 163; 153 163 164; 154 164 165; 155 165 166;
156 166 167; 157 167 168; 158 168 169; 159 169 170; 160 170 171; 161 171 172;
162 172 173; 163 173 174; 164 174 175; 165 175 176; 166 176 177; 167 177 178;
168 178 179; 169 179 180; 170 180 181; 171 181 182; 172 182 183; 173 183 184;
174 184 185; 175 185 186; 176 187 188; 177 188 189; 178 189 190; 179 190 191;
180 191 192; 181 192 193; 182 193 194; 183 194 195; 184 195 196; 185 196 197;
186 197 198; 187 198 199; 188 199 200; 189 200 201; 190 201 202; 191 202 203;
192 203 204; 193 204 205; 194 205 206; 195 206 207; 196 207 208; 197 208 209;
198 209 210; 199 210 211; 200 211 212; 201 212 213; 202 213 214; 203 214 215;
204 215 216; 205 216 217; 206 217 218; 207 218 219; 208 219 220; 209 220 221;
210 221 222; 500 151 1; 501 1 43; 502 43 79; 503 79 115; 504 115 187;
505 152 2; 506 185 41; 507 186 42; 508 9 153; 509 10 154; 510 11 155;
511 12 156; 512 13 157; 513 14 158; 514 15 159; 515 16 160; 516 17 161;
517 18 162; 518 19 163; 519 20 164; 520 21 165; 521 22 166; 522 23 167;
523 24 168; 524 25 169; 525 26 170; 526 27 171; 527 28 172; 528 29 173;
529 30 174; 530 31 175; 531 32 176; 532 33 177; 533 34 178; 534 35 179;
535 36 180; 536 37 181; 537 38 182; 538 39 183; 539 40 184; 540 2 44;
541 41 77; 542 42 78; 543 19 55; 544 30 66; 545 9 45; 546 10 46; 547 11 47;
548 12 48; 549 13 49; 550 14 50; 551 15 51; 552 16 52; 553 17 53; 554 18 54;
555 20 56; 556 21 57; 557 22 58; 558 23 59; 559 24 60; 560 25 61; 561 26 62;
562 27 63; 563 28 64; 564 29 65; 565 31 67; 566 32 68; 567 33 69; 568 34 70;
569 35 71; 570 36 72; 571 37 73; 572 38 74; 573 39 75; 574 40 76; 575 44 80;
576 77 113; 577 78 114; 578 55 91; 579 66 102; 580 45 81; 581 46 82; 582 47 83;
583 48 84; 584 49 85; 585 50 86; 586 51 87; 587 52 88; 588 53 89; 589 54 90;
590 56 92; 591 57 93; 592 58 94; 593 59 95; 594 60 96; 595 61 97; 596 62 98;
597 63 99; 598 64 100; 599 65 101; 600 67 103; 601 68 104; 602 69 105;
603 70 106; 604 71 107; 605 72 108; 606 73 109; 607 74 110; 608 75 111;
609 76 112; 610 80 116; 611 113 149; 612 114 150; 613 91 127; 614 102 138;
615 81 117; 616 82 118; 617 83 119; 618 84 120; 619 85 121; 620 86 122;
621 87 123; 622 88 124; 623 89 125; 624 90 126; 625 92 128; 626 93 129;
627 94 130; 628 95 131; 629 96 132; 630 97 133; 631 98 134; 632 99 135;
633 100 136; 634 101 137; 635 103 139; 636 104 140; 637 105 141; 638 106 142;
639 107 143; 640 108 144; 641 109 145; 642 110 146; 643 111 147; 644 112 148;
645 116 188; 646 149 221; 647 150 222; 648 117 189; 649 118 190; 650 119 191;
651 120 192; 652 121 193; 653 122 194; 654 123 195; 655 124 196; 656 125 197;
657 126 198; 658 127 199; 659 128 200; 660 129 201; 661 130 202; 662 131 203;
663 132 204; 664 133 205; 665 134 206; 666 135 207; 667 136 208; 668 137 209;
669 138 210; 670 139 211; 671 140 212; 672 141 213; 673 142 214; 674 143 215;
675 144 216; 676 145 217; 677 146 218; 678 147 219; 679 148 220; 680 2 223;
681 44 225; 682 80 227; 683 116 229; 684 41 224; 685 77 226; 686 113 228;
687 149 230;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 3.4313e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 25
ALPHA 5.5e-006

168 of 178
DAMP 0.05
ISOTROPIC DUMMY
E 3.4313e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 0
ALPHA 5.5e-006
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
6 TO 30 41 TO 65 76 TO 100 111 TO 135 PRIS AX 1.7563 IX 0.045 IY 0.559 IZ 1.23
1 TO 3 33 TO 38 68 TO 73 103 TO 108 138 TO 139 -
140 PRIS AX 2.48 IX 0.2335 IY 0.62 IZ 1.5
4 5 31 32 39 40 66 67 74 75 101 102 109 110 136 -
137 PRIS AX 2.1 IX 0.088 IY 0.575 IZ 1.355
141 TO 210 PRIS YD 0.225 ZD 0.2
500 TO 504 507 542 577 612 647 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 0.3
505 506 645 646 PRIS YD 0.225 ZD 1.51
540 541 575 576 610 611 PRIS AX 1.53 IX 0.1211 IY 0.1189 IZ 0.72
543 544 578 579 613 614 PRIS AX 1.097 IX 0.024 IY 0.1751 IZ 0.528
508 TO 539 545 TO 574 580 TO 609 615 TO 644 648 TO 679 PRIS YD 0.225 ZD 1.01
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
680 TO 687 PRIS YD 1 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 1 TO 140 540 541 543 544 575 576 578 579 610 611 613 -
614 680 TO 687
MATERIAL DUMMY MEMB 141 TO 210 500 TO 539 542 545 TO 574 577 580 TO 609 612 -
615 TO 679
SUPPORTS
225 227 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ
223 229 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ
226 228 FIXED BUT FX MX MY MZ
224 230 FIXED BUT FX FZ MX MY MZ
DEFINE MOVING LOAD
TYPE 1 LOAD 94.325 94.325 94.325 94.325 94.325
DIST 0.914 0.914 0.914 0.914 WID 2.06
*70R Wheeled LOADING
TYPE 2 LOAD 54.6 81.9 81.9 116 116 116 116
DIST 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 WID 1.93
*CLASS-A LOADING
TYPE 3 LOAD 18.4 18.4 77.8 77.8 46.4 46.4 46.4 46.4
DIST 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3 WID 1.8
DEFINE 1893 LOAD
ZONE 0.16 RF 3 I 1.2 SS 1 ST 3 DM 0.05 PX 0.255 PZ 0.152 DT 0
**** Zone Factor-0.16
**** Responce reduction factor-3
**** Importance Factor-1.2
**** PX- 0.09*10/(12.5)^0.5=0.255
**** PZ- 0.09*10(35)^0.5=0.152
JOINT WEIGHT
1 WEIGHT 23.571
2 223 WEIGHT 152.58
9 WEIGHT 80.974
10 WEIGHT 75.328
11 WEIGHT 71.141
12 WEIGHT 67.384
13 WEIGHT 62.593
14 WEIGHT 63.596
15 WEIGHT 63.412
16 WEIGHT 63.288
17 WEIGHT 62.897
18 WEIGHT 62.164
19 WEIGHT 125.636
20 WEIGHT 62.255
21 WEIGHT 63.079
22 WEIGHT 63.562
23 WEIGHT 63.872
24 WEIGHT 64.017
25 WEIGHT 64.017

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26 WEIGHT 63.872
27 WEIGHT 63.562
28 WEIGHT 63.079
29 WEIGHT 62.255
30 WEIGHT 125.636
31 WEIGHT 62.164
32 WEIGHT 62.895
33 WEIGHT 63.29
34 WEIGHT 63.414
35 WEIGHT 63.593
36 WEIGHT 62.592
37 WEIGHT 67.381
38 WEIGHT 71.143
39 WEIGHT 75.331
40 WEIGHT 80.971
41 224 WEIGHT 152.579
42 WEIGHT 23.571
43 WEIGHT 21.441
44 225 WEIGHT 167.461
45 WEIGHT 73.136
46 WEIGHT 66.765
47 WEIGHT 61.779
48 WEIGHT 57.166
49 WEIGHT 51.684
50 WEIGHT 52.223
51 WEIGHT 51.997
52 WEIGHT 52.217
53 WEIGHT 52.571
54 WEIGHT 53.184
55 WEIGHT 110.641
56 WEIGHT 53.09
57 WEIGHT 52.372
58 WEIGHT 51.888
59 WEIGHT 51.584
60 WEIGHT 51.442
61 WEIGHT 51.442
62 WEIGHT 51.584
63 WEIGHT 51.888
64 WEIGHT 52.372
65 WEIGHT 53.09
66 WEIGHT 110.641
67 WEIGHT 53.184
68 WEIGHT 52.57
69 WEIGHT 52.219
70 WEIGHT 52
71 WEIGHT 52.221
72 WEIGHT 51.684
73 WEIGHT 57.163
74 WEIGHT 61.781
75 WEIGHT 66.767
76 WEIGHT 73.134
77 226 WEIGHT 167.461
78 WEIGHT 21.442
79 WEIGHT 21.487
80 227 WEIGHT 183.108
81 WEIGHT 73.278
82 WEIGHT 67.004
83 WEIGHT 62.217
84 WEIGHT 57.748
85 WEIGHT 52.449
86 WEIGHT 53.082
87 WEIGHT 52.867
88 WEIGHT 53.016
89 WEIGHT 53.216
90 WEIGHT 53.579
91 WEIGHT 128.612
92 WEIGHT 53.537
93 WEIGHT 53.123

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94 WEIGHT 52.853
95 WEIGHT 52.686
96 WEIGHT 52.612
97 WEIGHT 52.612
98 WEIGHT 52.686
99 WEIGHT 52.853
100 WEIGHT 53.123
101 WEIGHT 53.537
102 WEIGHT 128.612
103 WEIGHT 53.579
104 WEIGHT 53.214
105 WEIGHT 53.019
106 WEIGHT 52.87
107 WEIGHT 53.08
108 WEIGHT 52.448
109 WEIGHT 57.746
110 WEIGHT 62.219
111 WEIGHT 67.007
112 WEIGHT 73.275
113 228 WEIGHT 183.108
114 WEIGHT 21.487
115 WEIGHT 25.2
116 229 WEIGHT 148
117 WEIGHT 86.429
118 WEIGHT 80.606
119 WEIGHT 76.327
120 WEIGHT 72.399
121 WEIGHT 67.517
122 WEIGHT 68.435
123 WEIGHT 68.245
124 WEIGHT 68.181
125 WEIGHT 67.918
126 WEIGHT 67.43
127 WEIGHT 119.711
128 WEIGHT 67.489
129 WEIGHT 68.033
130 WEIGHT 68.351
131 WEIGHT 68.553
132 WEIGHT 68.651
133 WEIGHT 68.651
134 WEIGHT 68.553
135 WEIGHT 68.351
136 WEIGHT 68.033
137 WEIGHT 67.489
138 WEIGHT 119.711
139 WEIGHT 67.43
140 WEIGHT 67.915
141 WEIGHT 68.184
142 WEIGHT 68.248
143 WEIGHT 68.433
144 WEIGHT 67.516
145 WEIGHT 72.396
146 WEIGHT 76.329
147 WEIGHT 80.61
148 WEIGHT 86.426
149 230 WEIGHT 148
150 WEIGHT 25.2
LOAD 1 SEISMIC X DIR
JOINT LOAD
1 FX 23.571 FY 23.571 FZ 23.571
2 223 FX 152.58 FY 152.58 FZ 152.58
9 FX 80.974 FY 80.974 FZ 80.974
10 FX 75.328 FY 75.328 FZ 75.328
11 FX 71.141 FY 71.141 FZ 71.141
12 FX 67.384 FY 67.384 FZ 67.384
13 FX 62.593 FY 62.593 FZ 62.593
14 FX 63.596 FY 63.596 FZ 63.596
15 FX 63.412 FY 63.412 FZ 63.412

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16 FX 63.288 FY 63.288 FZ 63.288
17 FX 62.897 FY 62.897 FZ 62.897
18 FX 62.164 FY 62.164 FZ 62.164
19 FX 125.636 FY 125.636 FZ 125.636
20 FX 62.255 FY 62.255 FZ 62.255
21 FX 63.079 FY 63.079 FZ 63.079
22 FX 63.562 FY 63.562 FZ 63.562
23 FX 63.872 FY 63.872 FZ 63.872
24 FX 64.017 FY 64.017 FZ 64.017
25 FX 64.017 FY 64.017 FZ 64.017
26 FX 63.872 FY 63.872 FZ 63.872
27 FX 63.562 FY 63.562 FZ 63.562
28 FX 63.079 FY 63.079 FZ 63.079
29 FX 62.255 FY 62.255 FZ 62.255
30 FX 125.636 FY 125.636 FZ 125.636
31 FX 62.164 FY 62.164 FZ 62.164
32 FX 62.895 FY 62.895 FZ 62.895
33 FX 63.29 FY 63.29 FZ 63.29
34 FX 63.414 FY 63.414 FZ 63.414
35 FX 63.593 FY 63.593 FZ 63.593
36 FX 62.592 FY 62.592 FZ 62.592
37 FX 67.381 FY 67.381 FZ 67.381
38 FX 71.143 FY 71.143 FZ 71.143
39 FX 75.331 FY 75.331 FZ 75.331
40 FX 80.971 FY 80.971 FZ 80.971
41 224 FX 152.579 FY 152.579 FZ 152.579
42 FX 23.571 FY 23.571 FZ 23.571
43 FX 21.441 FY 21.441 FZ 21.441
44 225 FX 167.461 FY 167.461 FZ 167.461
45 FX 73.136 FY 73.136 FZ 73.136
46 FX 66.765 FY 66.765 FZ 66.765
47 FX 61.779 FY 61.779 FZ 61.779
48 FX 57.166 FY 57.166 FZ 57.166
49 FX 51.684 FY 51.684 FZ 51.684
50 FX 52.223 FY 52.223 FZ 52.223
51 FX 51.997 FY 51.997 FZ 51.997
52 FX 52.217 FY 52.217 FZ 52.217
53 FX 52.571 FY 52.571 FZ 52.571
54 FX 53.184 FY 53.184 FZ 53.184
55 FX 110.641 FY 110.641 FZ 110.641
56 FX 53.09 FY 53.09 FZ 53.09
57 FX 52.372 FY 52.372 FZ 52.372
58 FX 51.888 FY 51.888 FZ 51.888
59 FX 51.584 FY 51.584 FZ 51.584
60 FX 51.442 FY 51.442 FZ 51.442
61 FX 51.442 FY 51.442 FZ 51.442
62 FX 51.584 FY 51.584 FZ 51.584
63 FX 51.888 FY 51.888 FZ 51.888
64 FX 52.372 FY 52.372 FZ 52.372
65 FX 53.09 FY 53.09 FZ 53.09
66 FX 110.641 FY 110.641 FZ 110.641
67 FX 53.184 FY 53.184 FZ 53.184
68 FX 52.57 FY 52.57 FZ 52.57
69 FX 52.219 FY 52.219 FZ 52.219
70 FX 52 FY 52 FZ 52
71 FX 52.221 FY 52.221 FZ 52.221
72 FX 51.684 FY 51.684 FZ 51.684
73 FX 57.163 FY 57.163 FZ 57.163
74 FX 61.781 FY 61.781 FZ 61.781
75 FX 66.767 FY 66.767 FZ 66.767
76 FX 73.134 FY 73.134 FZ 73.134
77 226 FX 167.461 FY 167.461 FZ 167.461
78 FX 21.442 FY 21.442 FZ 21.442
79 FX 21.487 FY 21.487 FZ 21.487
80 227 FX 183.108 FY 183.108 FZ 183.108
81 FX 73.278 FY 73.278 FZ 73.278
82 FX 67.004 FY 67.004 FZ 67.004
83 FX 62.217 FY 62.217 FZ 62.217

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84 FX 57.748 FY 57.748 FZ 57.748
85 FX 52.449 FY 52.449 FZ 52.449
86 FX 53.082 FY 53.082 FZ 53.082
87 FX 52.867 FY 52.867 FZ 52.867
88 FX 53.016 FY 53.016 FZ 53.016
89 FX 53.216 FY 53.216 FZ 53.216
90 FX 53.579 FY 53.579 FZ 53.579
91 FX 128.612 FY 128.612 FZ 128.612
92 FX 53.537 FY 53.537 FZ 53.537
93 FX 53.123 FY 53.123 FZ 53.123
94 FX 52.853 FY 52.853 FZ 52.853
95 FX 52.686 FY 52.686 FZ 52.686
96 FX 52.612 FY 52.612 FZ 52.612
97 FX 52.612 FY 52.612 FZ 52.612
98 FX 52.686 FY 52.686 FZ 52.686
99 FX 52.853 FY 52.853 FZ 52.853
100 FX 53.123 FY 53.123 FZ 53.123
101 FX 53.537 FY 53.537 FZ 53.537
102 FX 128.612 FY 128.612 FZ 128.612
103 FX 53.579 FY 53.579 FZ 53.579
104 FX 53.214 FY 53.214 FZ 53.214
105 FX 53.019 FY 53.019 FZ 53.019
106 FX 52.87 FY 52.87 FZ 52.87
107 FX 53.08 FY 53.08 FZ 53.08
108 FX 52.448 FY 52.448 FZ 52.448
109 FX 57.746 FY 57.746 FZ 57.746
110 FX 62.219 FY 62.219 FZ 62.219
111 FX 67.007 FY 67.007 FZ 67.007
112 FX 73.275 FY 73.275 FZ 73.275
113 228 FX 183.108 FY 183.108 FZ 183.108
114 FX 21.487 FY 21.487 FZ 21.487
115 FX 25.2 FY 25.2 FZ 25.2
116 229 FX 148 FY 148 FZ 148
117 FX 86.429 FY 86.429 FZ 86.429
118 FX 80.606 FY 80.606 FZ 80.606
119 FX 76.327 FY 76.327 FZ 76.327
120 FX 72.399 FY 72.399 FZ 72.399
121 FX 67.517 FY 67.517 FZ 67.517
122 FX 68.435 FY 68.435 FZ 68.435
123 FX 68.245 FY 68.245 FZ 68.245
124 FX 68.181 FY 68.181 FZ 68.181
125 FX 67.918 FY 67.918 FZ 67.918
126 FX 67.43 FY 67.43 FZ 67.43
127 FX 119.711 FY 119.711 FZ 119.711
128 FX 67.489 FY 67.489 FZ 67.489
129 FX 68.033 FY 68.033 FZ 68.033
130 FX 68.351 FY 68.351 FZ 68.351
131 FX 68.553 FY 68.553 FZ 68.553
132 FX 68.651 FY 68.651 FZ 68.651
133 FX 68.651 FY 68.651 FZ 68.651
134 FX 68.553 FY 68.553 FZ 68.553
135 FX 68.351 FY 68.351 FZ 68.351
136 FX 68.033 FY 68.033 FZ 68.033
137 FX 67.489 FY 67.489 FZ 67.489
138 FX 119.711 FY 119.711 FZ 119.711
139 FX 67.43 FY 67.43 FZ 67.43
140 FX 67.915 FY 67.915 FZ 67.915
141 FX 68.184 FY 68.184 FZ 68.184
142 FX 68.248 FY 68.248 FZ 68.248
143 FX 68.433 FY 68.433 FZ 68.433
144 FX 67.516 FY 67.516 FZ 67.516
145 FX 72.396 FY 72.396 FZ 72.396
146 FX 76.329 FY 76.329 FZ 76.329
147 FX 80.61 FY 80.61 FZ 80.61
148 FX 86.426 FY 86.426 FZ 86.426
149 230 FX 148 FY 148 FZ 148
150 FX 25.2 FY 25.2 FZ 25.2
SPECTRUM CQC 1893 X 0.032 ACC DAMP 0.05

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SOIL TYPE 1
LOAD 2 SEISMIC Y DIR
SPECTRUM CQC 1893 Y 0.022 ACC DAMP 0.05
SOIL TYPE 1
LOAD 3 SEISMIC Z DIR
SPECTRUM CQC 1893 Z 0.032 ACC DAMP 0.05
SOIL TYPE 1
LOAD 4 DL1
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 LIST 1 TO 140 540 541 543 544 575 576 578 579 610 611 613 614
LOAD 5 DL2
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 35 UNI GY -7.5
1 TO 35 UMOM GX -11.4
106 TO 140 UNI GY -7.5
106 TO 140 UMOM GX -3.64
106 TO 140 UNI GY -3.3
106 TO 140 UMOM GX 1.65
106 TO 140 UNI GY -7
106 TO 140 UMOM GX 10.5
LOAD 6 REMOVAL OF SHUTERING
MEMBER LOAD
36 TO 105 UNI GY 6.5
1 TO 35 106 TO 140 UNI GY 6.875
***************************
LOAD 7 SIDL
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 35 UNI GY -6.05
1 TO 35 UMOM GX 0.756
36 TO 105 UNI GY -6.6
106 TO 140 UNI GY -1.2
106 TO 140 UMOM GX -1.63
*******************************
LOAD 8 FOOTPATH LL
MEMBER LOAD
106 TO 140 UNI GY -5.8
106 TO 140 UMOM GX 2.165
***************************************
LOAD 9 LOADTYPE None TITLE WIND UNLOAD
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 35 106 TO 140 UNI GY 3.5
36 TO 105 UNI GY 3.2
***********************************
LOAD 10 LOADTYPE None TITLE WIND LOADED
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 35 106 TO 140 UNI GY -3
36 TO 105 UNI GY -2.75
LOAD 11 LOADTYPE None TITLE LATERAL WIND UNLOADED
MEMBER LOAD
106 TO 140 UNI GZ -17
LOAD 12 LOADTYPE None TITLE LATERAL WIND LOADED
MEMBER LOAD
106 TO 140 UNI GZ -14.5
************************************
*********************************
*ONE LANE 70R TRACKED
LOAD GENERATION 90
TYPE 1 -4 0 4.18 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 90
TYPE 1 -4 0 5.715 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 90
TYPE 1 -4 0 7.88 XINC 0.5
**********************************

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 *ONE LANE 70R WHEELED
LOAD GENERATION 100
TYPE 2 -13.4 0 4.06 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 100
TYPE 2 -13.4 0 5.715 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 100
TYPE 2 -13.4 0 7.87 XINC 0.5
********************************
*TWO LANE CLASS-A
LOAD GENERATION 120
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 2.7 XINC 0.5
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 6.2 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 120
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 5.6 XINC 0.5
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 9.1 XINC 0.5
*ONE LANE CLASS-A
LOAD GENERATION 120
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 2.7 XINC 0.5
LOAD GENERATION 120
TYPE 3 -18.8 0 9.1 XINC 0.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH

12.1.1 Support Reaction for Dead Load

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment

Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 10001 DL 0 1041 0 0 0 0
41 10001 DL 0 1041 0 0 0 0
44 10001 DL 0 1057 0 0 0 0
77 10001 DL 0 1057 0 0 0 0
80 10001 DL 0 1082 0 0 0 0
113 10001 DL 0 1082 0 0 0 0
116 10001 DL 0 1201 0 0 0 0
149 10001 DL 0 1201 0 0 0 0

12.1.2 Support Reaction for SIDL

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 2 SIDL 0 120.89 0 0 0 0
41 2 SIDL 0 102.728 0 0 0 0
44 2 SIDL 0 101.096 0 0 0 0
77 2 SIDL 0 33.16 0 0 0 0
80 2 SIDL 0 120.89 0 0 0 0
113 2 SIDL 0 102.728 0 0 0 0
116 2 SIDL 0 101.096 0 0 0 0
149 2 SIDL 0 33.16 0 0 0 0

12.1.3 Support Reaction for Footpath Live load

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 -18.181 0 0 0 0
41 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 -18.181 0 0 0 0
44 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 14.977 0 0 0 0
77 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 14.977 0 0 0 0
80 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 11.96 0 0 0 0
113 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 11.96 0 0 0 0
116 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 92.744 0 0 0 0
149 3 FOOTPATH LL 0 92.744 0 0 0 0

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12.1.4 Support Reaction for Wind load of Unloaded structure
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 4 WIND LOAD 0 -59.535 0 0 0 0
41 4 WIND LOAD 0 -59.535 0 0 0 0
44 4 WIND LOAD 0 -57.715 0 0 0 0
77 4 WIND LOAD 0 -57.715 0 0 0 0
80 4 WIND LOAD 0 -57.715 0 0 0 0
113 4 WIND LOAD 0 -57.715 0 0 0 0
116 4 WIND LOAD 0 -59.535 0 0 0 0
149 4 WIND LOAD 0 -59.535 0 0 0 0

12.1.5 Support Reaction for Wind load of loaded structure

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 5 WIND LOAD 0 51.071 0 0 0 0
41 5 WIND LOAD 0 51.071 0 0 0 0
44 5 WIND LOAD 0 49.554 0 0 0 0
77 5 WIND LOAD 0 49.554 0 0 0 0
80 5 WIND LOAD 0 49.554 0 0 0 0
113 5 WIND LOAD 0 49.554 0 0 0 0
116 5 WIND LOAD 0 51.071 0 0 0 0
149 5 WIND LOAD 0 51.071 0 0 0 0

12.1.6Support Reaction for Live load

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node Env Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
2 +ve 0 589.316 0 0 0 0
- 609 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #609,
- (30 of 120)-
2 -ve 0 -21.721 0 0 0 0
- 198 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #198,
- (9 of 90)-
41 +ve 0 617.87 0 0 0 0
- 350 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #350,
- (71 of 100)-
41 -ve 0 -19.529 0 0 0 0
- 262 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #262,
- (73 of 90) -
44 +ve 0 722.215 0 0 0 0
- 399 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #399,
- (20 of 100)-
44 -ve 0 -1.522 0 0 0 0
- 940 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #940,
- (1 of 120) -
77 +ve 0 791.671 0 0 0 0
- 450 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #450,
- (71 of 100)-
77 -ve 0 -1.51 0 0 0 0
- 380 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #380,
- (1 of 100) -
80 +ve 0 633.206 0 0 0 0
- 499 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #499,
- (20 of 100)-
80 -ve 0 -56.531 0 0 0 0
- 18 LOAD GENERATION,
- -LOAD #18,- (9 of 90) -
113 +ve 0 693.756 0 0 0 0
- 550 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #550,
- (71 of 100)-
113 -ve 0 -50.335 0 0 0 0
- 80 LOAD GENERATION,
- -LOAD #80,- (71 of 90) -
116 +ve 0 235.371 0 0 0 0
- 519 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #519,
- (40 of 100)-
116 -ve 0 -83.343 0 0 0 0
- 871 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #871,
- (52 of 120)-
149 +ve 0 237.959 0 0 0 0
- 531 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #531,
- (52 of 100)-
149 -ve 0 -80.968 0 0 0 0
- 879 LOAD GENERATION,
- - LOAD #879,
- (60 of 120)-

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12.2 Analysis of End Cross Girder
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 02-May-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0.9 0 0; 3 3 0 0; 4 3.9 0 0; 5 5.1 0 0; 6 6 0 0; 7 8.1 0 0; 8 9 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 3.43e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 25
ALPHA 1.17e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 7 PRIS YD 1.75 ZD 0.6
SUPPORTS
2 4 5 7 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ
LOAD 1 DL
JOINT LOAD
1 FY -1040
6 FY -1057
3 FY -1081
8 FY -1201
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2 SIDL
JOINT LOAD
1 FY -120
3 FY -102
6 FY -102
8 FY -33
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT MAXFORCE ENVELOPE ALL
FINISH
FINISH
12.3 Analysis of Deck slab
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 15-April-18
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 1.5 0 0; 3 4.5 0 0; 4 7.5 0 0; 5 10.5 0 0; 6 12 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 3.4e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 25
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 5 PRIS YD 0.225 ZD 1

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SUPPORTS
2 TO 5 FIXED BUT MX MY MZ
LOAD 1 SELFWEIGHT
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2 SIDL
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -7.5 0.235
1 UNI GY -1.43 0.5 1.5
2 3 UNI GY -1.43
4 UNI GY -1.43 0 2
4 UNI GY -1.43 2.5 3
4 CON GY -7.5 2.265
5 UNI GY -1.43 0 1
5 CON GY -7 1.25
LOAD 3 70R TRACKED LIVE LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -46.3 0.79 2.21
2 UNI GY -52.4 2.85 3
3 UNI GY -52.4 0 1.27
1 TO 5 UNI GY -2.5
LOAD 4 70R WHEELED LIVE LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -49.1 0.78 2.22
2 UNI GY -68.3 2.71 3
3 UNI GY -68.3 0 1.15
1 TO 5 UNI GY -1.25
LOAD 5 CLASS A LIVE LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY -49 0.96 2.04
2 UNI GY -69.4 2.76 3
3 UNI GY -69.4 0 0.84
3 UNI GY -47.8 1.46 2.54
4 UNI GY -51 0.26 1.34
1 TO 5 UNI GY -1.25
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST ALL
PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST ALL
FINISH

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