Exercise 7C

1 a 3i  4 j  32  42  2 3 5
2 a =   , b =   and c =  
= 9  16  3  4   1 
 2  3 
= 25 a a + b =   
=5  3   4 
5
= 
b 6i  8 j  62  82  1 
36  64 a  b  52   1
2
=
= 100
= 26
= 10
 2  5 
c 5i  12 j  52  122 b 2a − c = 2     
 3   1
= 25  144  1 
= 169 = 
7
= 13
 1
2
2a  c   72
d 2i  4 j  22  42 = 50
= 4  16 =5 2
= 20
= 4.47 (3 s.f.)  3 5
c 3b − 2c = 3    2  
 4   1
e 3i  5 j  32  52  1 
= 
= 9  25  10 
 1   10
2 2
= 34 3b  2c 
= 5.83 (3 s.f.)
= 101

f 4i  7 j  42  72 a
3 a The unit vector is
= 16  49 a
= 65  4
= 8.06 (3 s.f.) a=  
 3
a  42  32
g 3i  5 j  32  52
= 25
= 9  25
=5
= 34
a 1  4   54 
= 5.83 (3 s.f.)    
a 5  3   53 
h 4i  j  42  12
= 16  1
= 17
= 4.12 (3 s.f.)

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 b 4 a 3i + 4j
3 b The unit vector is
b
 5 
b=  
 12 
b  52   12 
2

= 169
= 13
b 1 5 
  
b 13  12  tan−1  43  = 53.1° above (3 s.f.)
 5 
=  1312 
  13  b 6i – 8j

c
c The unit vector is
c
 7 
c=  
 24 
 7 
2
c  242
= 625
= 25
c 1  7 
  
tan−1  86  = 53.1° below (3 s.f.)
c 25  24 
c 5i + 12j
  257 
=  24 
 25 

d
d The unit vector is
d
1
d=  
 3 
d  12   3
2

d 1 1
  
d 10  3  tan−1  125  = 67.4° above (3 s.f.)
 1010 
= 
  3 10 
 10 

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4 d 2i + 4j 5 c −3i + 5j

tan−1  42  = 63.4° above (3 s.f.)

5 a 3i − 5j
90° – tan−1  35  = 90° – 31.0°
= 59° (3 s.f.) to the left

d −4i – j

90° + tan−1  53  = 90° + 59°

= 149° (3 s.f.) to the right 90° + tan−1  14  = 90° + 14°
= 104° (3 s.f.) to the left
b 4i + 7j
x
6 a cos 45° =
15
x = 15cos 45°
15 2
=
2
y
sin 45° =
15
y = 15sin 45°
15 2
=
2
90° – tan−1  74  = 90° – 29.7°
= 60.3° (3 s.f.) to the right
15 2 15 2
The vector is i+ j
2 2
 15 2 
 
or  2 
 15 2 
 
 2 

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 x 7 a
6 b cos 20° =
8
x = 8cos 20°
= 7.52
y
sin 20° =
8
y = 8 sin 20°
= 2.74
The vector is 7.52i + 2.74j
 7.52 
or   magnitude = 32  4 2
 2.74 
= 25 = 5
4
x tan θ = 3
c cos 25° =
20 θ = tan−1 43
x = 20 cos 25° = 53.1° above the positive x-axis
= 18.1
y b
sin 25° =
20
y = 20 sin 25°
= 8.45
The vector is 18.1i − 8.45j
 18.1 
or  
 8.45  2 2   1  5
2
magnitude =
1
tan θ = 2
x
d cos 30° = θ = tan−1  12 
5
x = 5 cos 30° = 26.6° below the positive x-axis
5 3
= c
2
y
sin 30° =
5
y = 5 sin 30°
= 2.5
5 3
The vector is i − 2.5j
 5 
2
2 magnitude =  22  29
5 3 tan θ = 2
5
or  2  θ = tan−1  25 
 
 2.5 
  = 21.8° above the negative x-axis
= 158.2° above the positive x-axis

8 2i  kj  22   k   4  k 2
2

4  k 2  2 10  40
4 + k2 = 40
k2 = 36
k = ±6

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9 pi  qj  10 11
Adding the information and using
Pythagoras’ theorem

p = ± 8 and q = 6

10
a Angle QPR = x + y
tan x = 14
x = tan−1 14
= 14.0362...
tan y = 43
y = tan−1 43
= 53.1301...
Angle QPR = 67.2° (1 d.p.)

1
b Area = 2 rq sin P
r = 42  12
= 17

3
q = 62  82
a tan x = 4
= 100 = 10
x = tan−1 34
Area = 12 × 17 × 10 × sin 67.2°
= 36.8699°
= 19.0 units2 (3 s.f.)
b tan y = 23
y = tan−1 23
= 33.6901°

c Angle BAC = x + y
= 70.6° (1 d.p.)

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