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Activity 1.3

The document contains the answers to six questions about transformer protection. 1) It describes how a Buchholz relay works, including that it has two elements - an upper mercury switch float and a lower mercury switch flap, with the upper closing an alarm and the lower tripping the circuit breaker during faults. 2) It lists factors that make applying circulating current protection difficult for power transformers, such as differences in primary and secondary currents and inrush currents. 3) It describes the Merz-Price circulating current system used for transformer earth and phase fault protection, noting it is similar to generator protection but with complicating transformer features. 3) It explains that combined leakage and overload protection uses two overload

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Niño John Jayme
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193 views2 pages

Activity 1.3

The document contains the answers to six questions about transformer protection. 1) It describes how a Buchholz relay works, including that it has two elements - an upper mercury switch float and a lower mercury switch flap, with the upper closing an alarm and the lower tripping the circuit breaker during faults. 2) It lists factors that make applying circulating current protection difficult for power transformers, such as differences in primary and secondary currents and inrush currents. 3) It describes the Merz-Price circulating current system used for transformer earth and phase fault protection, noting it is similar to generator protection but with complicating transformer features. 3) It explains that combined leakage and overload protection uses two overload

Uploaded by

Niño John Jayme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Niño John A.

Jayme; BSEE - 4 October 18, 2020

ELECTIVE 1 (Transformer Protection) 22608


TTH / 3:00 TO 4:30 PM
Activity 1.3

1. Describe the construction and working of a Buchholz relay.

Answer: Buchholz relay is constructed in a way that it takes the form of a domed vessel
placed in the connecting pipe between the main tank and the conservator. The device has
two elements. The upper element consists of a mercury type switch attached to a float. The
lower element contains a mercury switch mounted on a hinged type flap located in the direct
path of the flow of oil from the transformer to the conservator. The upper element closes an
alarm circuit during incipient faults whereas the lower element is arranged to trip the circuit
breaker in case of severe internal faults.

2. What factors cause difficulty in applying circulating current principle to a power


transformer?

Answer: The factors that cause difficulty in applying circulating current principle to a power
transformer are the following; The difference in the magnitude of currents in the primary and
secondary of power transformer, The phase difference between the primary and secondary
currents, The magnetising in-rush current, and the changing of taps in power transformer.

3. Describe the Merz-Price circulating current system for the protection of transformers.

Answer: The Merz-Price circulating current principle is commonly used for the protection of
power transformers against earth and phase faults. The system as applied to transformers is
fundamentally the same as that for generators but with certain complicating features not
encountered in the generator application.

4. What is combined leakage and overload protection for transformers?

Answer: The combined leakage and overload protection for transformers is a system of
protection with two overload relays and one leakage or earth relay; that are sufficient to
protect against phase-to-phase faults. The trip contacts of overload relays and earth fault
relay are connected in parallel. Therefore, with the energising of either overload relay or
earth relay, the circuit breaker will be tripped.

5. Describe earth-fault protection for transformers.

Answer: The earth-fault usually involves a partial breakdown of winding insulation to earth.
The resulting leakage current is considerably less than the short-circuit current. The earth-
fault may continue for a long time and cause considerable damage before it ultimately
develops into a short circuit and removed from the system.

6. How many faults develop in a power transformer? Define each.

Answer: There are five faults that can develop in a power transformer. The following are;
 Earth faults – a fault on a transformer winding will result in currents that depend on
the source, neutral grounding impedance, leakage reactance of the transformer, and
the position of the fault in the windings. The winding connections also influence the
magnitude of fault current.
 Core faults – a fault caused by insulation breakdown can permit sufficient eddy-
current to flow to cause overheating, which may reach a magnitude sufficient to
damage the winding.
 Interturn faults – Interturn faults occur due to winding flashovers caused by line
surges. A short circuit of a few turns of the winding will give rise to high currents in
the short-circuited loops, but the terminal currents will be low.
 Phase to phase faults – Phase to phase faults are rare in occurrence but will result
in substantial currents of magnitudes similar to earth faults.
 Tank faults – Tank faults resulting in loss of oil reduce winding insulation as well as
producing abnormal temperature rises.

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