MODULE 2, EPISODE 1  Kapag natupad na yung dapat na

Kinds of Obligations: mangyari, titigil na yung

obligasyon.
 Pure Obligations – is one without a term  Example: “I will give you a monthly
or condition and is demandable allowance of P5,000 until you
immediately. graduate.”
 Article 1179. Every obligation - Kapag nagtapos ka na sa
whose performance does not college, titigil na yung
depend upon a future or uncertain obligasyon ng magulang mo na
event, upon a past event unknown bigyan ka ng allowance.
to the parties, is demandable at 3. Potestative – a condition that depends
once. upon the will of one of the contracting
 Example: “Bibigyan kita ng parties.
P20,000.” kapag ganto lang yung  Article 1182. When the fulfillment
sinabi at wala ng iba, immediately of the condition depends upon the
demandable na yung obligation sole will of the debtor, the
 Conditional Obligation – an obligation conditional obligation shall be
where its demandability or creation void.
depends on the fulfillment of a condition. - Nagiging void lang daw ang
 May iba’t ibang conditions sa isang conditional obligation
obligation. kapag ito y nakadepende sa
 A condition must be both a future will ng debtor or nung
and an uncertain event. Period ang nangangako.
tawag kapag certain yung event.  Either will ng debtor or will ng
Classifications of Conditions: creditor.
1. Suspensive – a condition where the  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
happening of which will give rise to the P20,000 kapag gusto ko na.”
obligation, also known as condition - Nakadepende yun sa will ko as
antecedent or condition precedent. a debtor.
 Kapag nangyari pa lang yung - Void kapag ganito.
bagay na dapat mangyari, doon pa  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
lang magririse yung obligation P20,000 kapag gusto mo na.”
 Example: “I will give you P20,000 - Nakadepende sa will ng
if you passed the CPA board exam.” creditor kung gusto niya na ba
- Mabibigay lang sa akin yung kunin yung P20,000.
P20,000 kapag nakapasa na - Hindi ito mavovoid.
ako sa board exam 4. Casual – a condition that depends upon
2. Resolutory – a condition where the chance or upon the will of a third person.
happening of which extinguishes the  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
obligation, also known as condition P20,000 kapag nanalo ngayong sa
subsequent. The obligation is demandable NBA Finals yung Lakers.”
immediately but shall be extinguished - Walang assurance so
upon the happening of the Resolutory nakadepende sa chance yung
condition. obligasyon na bayaran ka.
  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng 8. Positive – a condition that is supposed to
P20,000 kapag sinagot ka na ng happen or occur or something that must
nililigawan mo.” be done.
- Nakadepende sa will ng  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
liligawan mo kung sasagutin ka P20,000 kapag nilinis mo yung
ba niya or hindi. kwarto mo.”
5. Mixed – a condition that depends partly - Positive to kasi it is something
upon the will of one of the parties and that should be done. Nalinis na
partly upon chance or upon the will of a kwarto mo, nagkaroon ka pa ng
third person. pera.
 Example: “Bibigyan kita ng 9. Negative – a condition characterized by
P20,000 kapag nag-apply ka sa an event not supposed to happen or
SGV at natanggap ka.” something that must not be done.
- Nakadepende sayo kung mag-  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
aapply ka ba at saka depende P20,000 kapag hindi ka muna
rin sa SGV kung ihahire ka ba. lalabas ng bahay ngayong week na
6. Possible – one that is capable of to.”
fulfillment by nature or law. - Negative kasi may hindi
 Example: “Bibigyan kita ng pinapagawa sayo na bagay.
P20,000 kapag natapos mo nang  Article 1186. The condition shall be
basahin yung libro ni Atty. De Leon deemed fulfilled when the obligor
sa ObliCon.” voluntarily prevents its fulfillment.
- Although mahirap, kaya mo (1119)
siyang gawin and possible ito  Pag yung obligor, may ginagawang
na mangyari. ikakapigil ng fulfillment, kailangan
7. Impossible – one that is not capable of maging liable na yung obligor
fulfillment in its nature, or impossible in  Pag yung nangako yung siyang
law; the effect would be to nullify both the gumagawa ng paraan para
condition and the obligation. mapigilan yung condition, it is as if
 By its nature na fulfill na yung condition and
 “Bibigyan kita ng P20,000 magiging liable na yung obligor
kapag nakapagdunk ka  Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
mula sa half court line.” P20,000 kapag napasagot mo si
- Imposible na itong Maria.”
mangyari. - Pero yung nangyari siniraan
 Impossible in law kita kay Maria tapos nalaman
 “Bibigyan kita ng P20,000 mo kaya liable na ako and
kapag napatay mo yung kailangan na kitang bayaran ng
kaaway ko.” P20,000
- Possible na mapatay  Rules in case of loss, deterioration or
yung kaaway mo pero improvement of determinate thing before
sa mata ng batas, the fulfillment of a Suspensive condition
impossible kasi hindi (Art. 1189)
yun pwede.
  Example: “Ibibigay ko sayo yung sa Titanic na tinapon sa dagat
kotse ko kapag nakapasa ka sa nung matandang Rose.
October 2021 CPA Board Exam.” - Kapag yung subject matter daw
- Suspensive Condition ito kasi na pinangako ay nawala
kailangan muna pumasa sa through the fault of the debtor.
Board Exam bago mabigay sayo - Example: “Ibibigay ko sayo
yung kotse. yung kotse ko kapag pumasa ka
Article 1189. When the conditions have sa 2021 CPA Board Exam.”
been imposed with the intention of Tapos biglang nabangga ko
suspending the efficacy of an obligation to yung kotse and nasira talaga
give, the following rules shall be observed yung kotse. Meron pa rin akong
in case of the improvement, loss, or obligation na bayaran yung
deterioration of the thing during the damages which is equal dapat
pendency of the condition: sa halaga ng bagay na
1) If the thing is lost without the fault pinangako ko sayo.
of the debtor, the obligation shall 3) When the thing deteriorates
be extinguished; without the fault of the debtor, the
- Example: Isang araw, biglang impairment is to be borne by the
nasunog yung kotse kasi creditor;
nakidlatan nang sunod-sunod - Example: “Ibibigay ko sayo
kaya ang mangyayari sa yung kotse ko kapag pumasa ka
October 2021 at pumasa ka, sa 2021 CPA Board Exam.”
wala na akong obligation sayo. Habang hindi ka pa pumapasa
2) If the thing is lost through the sa board exam, gagamitin ko
fault of the debtor, he shall be muna yung kotse para hindi
obliged to pay damages; it is masira. Inalagaan kong mabuti
understood that the thing is lost pero yung value niya dati siya
when it perishes, or goes out of P500,000 pero as time passed
commerce, or disappears in such a by, naging P400,000 na lang
way that its existence is unknown siya. Nagdepreciate siya ng
or it cannot be recovered; P100,000. If ever na pumasa ka
- Physical Loss – “When a thing ng Board Exam, may obligation
perishes as when a house is pa rin ako na ibigay ang kotse
burned.” sayo. Dahil wala naman akong
- Legal Loss – Example for this is kasalanan para magdepreciate
dati pwede pang magbenta ng yung kotse, wala ka nang
marijuana kaso biglang magagawa doon and hindi ko
nagkaroon ng batas na hindi na kailangan mag-abono ng
siya pwede ibenta kaya legal P100,000.
loss na yun. 4) If it deteriorates through the fault
- Civil Loss – Ito yung bagay na of the debtor, the creditor may
mahirap na irecover. Example choose between the rescission of
for this is yung blue diamond the obligation and its fulfillment,
 with indemnity for damages in - Any improvement na ginawa sa
either case; bahay ay pwedeng i-offset sa
- Example: Pag bumaba daw mga nasira sa bahay.
yung value ng kotse pero ako  Article 1191. The power to rescind the
yung may kasalanan like obligations is implied in reciprocal ones,
nagkaroon ng scratches, either in case one of the obligors should not
macacancel na lang yung comply with what is incumbent upon him.
obligation or kukunin mo yung  The injured party may choose
kotse pero with indemnity for between the fulfilment and the
damages in either case. recession of the obligation, with
5) If the thing is improved by its the payment of damages in either
nature, or by time, the case. He may also seek rescission,
improvement shall inure to the even after he has chosen
benefit of the creditor; fulfillment, if the latter should
- Example: Naging uso na become impossible.
kunyari yung kotse tapos  Article 1192. In case both parties have
biglang naging collector’s item committed a breach of the obligation, the
na siya so yung nangyari, liability of the first infractor shall be
tumaas na yung value ng kotse equitably tempered by the courts. If it
from P500,000 to P2,000,000. cannot be determined which of the
Kapag ganito, ikaw pa rin yung parties first violated the contract, the
makikinabang sa kotse pag same shall be deemed extinguished, and
binigay ko na sayo yung kotse each shall bear his own damages. (n)
at wala akong karapatan para - Example: May contract of sale
singilin kita. wherein yung seller nadelay sa
6) If it is improved at the expense of pagdeliver ng order. Noong
the debtor, he shall have no other nadeliver na, nadelay naman
right than granted to the yung pagbayad ni buyer.
usufructuary. Parehas na may injury na
- usufruct – the right to use a nacause sa isa’t isa kaya
certain property, but at the parehas silang may liability sa
same time, hindi lang isa’t isa. Pag parehas sila
pagpapahiram, but rather sayo mahirap kausap, papabayaan
rin mapupunta fruit/s ng na lang sila ng korte.
subject matter 10.Divisible – one that is capable of partial
- Example: Kapag inimprove ko performance.
yung bahay na ipinahiram sa 11.Indivisible – one that is not capable of
akin or nirent ko, then after partial performance based on the nature
some time, umalis na ako, sa of the obligations or by law or by
may owner na yung agreement of the parties.
improvements na yun and
hindi siya liable to pay
MODULE 2, EPISODE 2
Kinds of Obligations:
 Pure Obligations terminate upon arrival of the day
 Conditional Obligations certain.
 Obligations with a Period A day certain is understood
 An obligation with a period is one to be that which must necessarily
whose demandability or come, although it may not be
extinguishment depends on the known when. If the uncertainty
arrival of a period that is certain to consists in whether the day will
come. If a condition is a future and come or not, the obligation is
uncertain event, a period is a conditional, and it shall be
future and certain event. regulated by the rules of the
- Parehas ang condition at preceding Section.
period na future event pero sa
condition, walang assurance na
mangyayari yung bagay na yun
while sa period, sure na
mangyayari yun or dadating
yun.
- Example: Sure na darating ang
December 31, 2020; sisikat at
lulubog ang araw.
- May mga obligation na
kailangan munang hintaying
dumating ang isang certain
period bago mangyari yung
obligation.
- Example: “Bibigyan kita ng
P20,000 kapag namatay na si
Rodrigo.”
 Article 1180. When the debtor
binds himself to pay when his
means permit him to do so, the
obligation shall be deemed to be
one with a period, subject to the
provisions of article 1197.
- Example: “I will pay you P5,000
when my means permit me to
do so.” ~ “Babayaran na kita
kapag kaya ko na.”
 Article 1193. Obligations for
whose fulfillment a day certain has
been fixed, shall be demandable
only when that day comes.
Obligations with a resolutory
period take effect at once, but