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Lipids

Lipids are a group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. They function as secondary energy sources and make up most of the structure of cell membranes. Lipids are composed of fatty acids, which are the building blocks. Fatty acids can be saturated without double bonds or unsaturated with double bonds. Triglycerides are the most common lipid, consisting of three fatty acid molecules bonded to a glycerol backbone. Phospholipids are similar but have a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid. Other lipids include waxes from fatty acids combined with alcohols, and steroids without fatty acids characterized by a four ring structure.

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1K views3 pages

Lipids

Lipids are a group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. They function as secondary energy sources and make up most of the structure of cell membranes. Lipids are composed of fatty acids, which are the building blocks. Fatty acids can be saturated without double bonds or unsaturated with double bonds. Triglycerides are the most common lipid, consisting of three fatty acid molecules bonded to a glycerol backbone. Phospholipids are similar but have a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid. Other lipids include waxes from fatty acids combined with alcohols, and steroids without fatty acids characterized by a four ring structure.

Uploaded by

Jam Aica
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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II.

LIPIDS

 group of compounds that are insoluble in water but are soluble in nonpolar solvents (hexane
and ether)
 Function as secondary sources of immediate and stored energy.
 Make up most of the structure of the cell membrane.
 Lipids are not polymers with repeated monomer subunits
 Composed of fatty acids (building blocks of lipids)
 FATTY ACIDS- long chain of carboxylic acids
 SATURATED fatty acids- fatty acids without double bonds
 UNSATURATED fatty acids – fatty acids with double bonds

 Fatty acids can be named using shorthand notations.


o Ex. 1 Shorthand for “Palmitic acid” is 16:0, number 16 represents the number of
carbon atoms. The number zero refers to number of double bonds
o Ex. 2 Shorthand for “Oleic acid” is 18:1Δ9, 18 means 18 carbon atoms, 1 means 1
double bond, superscript Δ9 corresponds to the position of the double bond (C9
and C10)

 Triglycerides
o Fatty acids are most often bonded to a molecule called “glycerol” ( a 3 carbon
atom molecule, each containing a hydroxyl group)
o Esters of glycerol with 3 fatty acid molecules are called triglycerides or triglycerols
(TAGS)
General structure of a triglyceride showing
glycerol as backbone and 3 molecules of fatty
acids

 Phospholipids
o Important types of lipids that are found in large quantities in cell membranes
o Structure is somewhat similar to that of a triglyceride except 1 fatty acid is
replaced by a polar phosphate group.

 Waxes
o Made up of fatty acids combined with long chain alcohols.
o Soft, solid fats with low melting points
o
 Steroids
o Lipids that do not contain fatty acids.
o Characterized by the presence of four ring system
o Ex. Cholesterol (important component of cell membrane)
o Ex. Some sex hormones (testosterone and progesterone)

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