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07 Refrigeration

Refrigeration is a method of reducing and maintaining the temperature of a system below its surroundings by continuously removing heat. A refrigeration system consists of four main parts: a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The refrigerant is circulated through these parts, changing states from a gas to a liquid and back to a gas. An ideal refrigerant has favorable thermodynamic and physical properties like low boiling point, latent heat of evaporation, and viscosity to provide efficient refrigeration with a high coefficient of performance.

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65 views11 pages

07 Refrigeration

Refrigeration is a method of reducing and maintaining the temperature of a system below its surroundings by continuously removing heat. A refrigeration system consists of four main parts: a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The refrigerant is circulated through these parts, changing states from a gas to a liquid and back to a gas. An ideal refrigerant has favorable thermodynamic and physical properties like low boiling point, latent heat of evaporation, and viscosity to provide efficient refrigeration with a high coefficient of performance.

Uploaded by

omkardashetwar
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REFRIGERATION

Refrigeration:
It is a method of reducing the temperature of the system
below that of the surroundings & maintain it at that
temperature by continuously abstracting heat from it.

Refrigerant:
The working fluid in a refrigeration system is called as
refrigerant. Widely used refrigerant in domestic applications
is R134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane).

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 1


Refrigeration system

It basically consists of 4 major parts.

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 2


Compressor:
It is used to circulate the refrigerant into the refrigeration cycle.
It increases the pressure & thus temperature of the refrigerant.
Condenser:
In which the heat from the refrigerant is removed thus vapour
is condensed into liquid.
Expansion or Throttle valve:
This reduces the pressure & temperature of the liquid
refrigerant before it passes into evaporator.
Evaporator:
The liquid refrigerant is evaporated by the absorption of heat
from the refrigerator cabinet.
Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 3
Vapour Compression
Refrigeration system
HP, LT Liquid
refrigerant

HP, HT Vapour LP, LT Wet vapour


refrigerant refrigerant

LP, HT Vapor refrigerant

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 4


State & Condition of Refrigerant

INLET OUTLET

Vapour Vapour
Compressor
LP, HT HP, HT
Vapour Liquid
Condenser
HP, HT HP, LT
Liquid Wet vapour
Throttle valve
HP, LT LP, LT
Wet vapour Vapour
Evaporator
LP, LT LP, HT

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 5


Properties of an Ideal Refrigerant
Thermodynamic properties
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Other properties
1. Thermodynamic properties:
a. Boiling point:
An ideal refrigerant should have low boiling temperature to
give better refrigeration effect.
b. Freezing point:
An ideal refrigerant should have low freezing point, because
the refrigerant should not freeze at lower temperature.
Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 6
c. Evaporator & condenser pressure:
To detect the leakage of refrigerant, both the evaporator
& condenser pressures should be slightly above the
atmospheric pressure.

d. Latent heat of evaporation:


This must be very high, because it increases the
refrigeration effect.

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 7


2. Physical properties:
a. Viscosity:
It should be low, as it improves heat transfer, & reduces
the pumping pressure.
b. Thermal conductivity:
For a high heat transfer coefficient a high coefficient of
thermal conductivity is desirable.
c. Specific volume:
It is the volume per unit mass. It must be very low, as it
reduces the size of the compressor.

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 8


3. Chemical properties:
a. Toxicity:
A good refrigerant should be non toxic, because any
leakage of the toxic refrigerants results in poisoning the
atmosphere.
b. Corrosiveness:
A good refrigerant should be non corrosive, to prevent
the corrosion of metal parts of a refrigerator.
c. A good refrigerant should be non flammable & non
explosive.

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 9


4. Other properties:
a. Leakage should be easily detectable.
b. It should be easily available and economical.
c. It should give very high Coefficient Of Performance.
(COP).

Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 10


Coefficient of performance (COP):
It is defined as the ratio of heat absorbed in the evaporator
to the work supplied to the compressor.
Q
COP 
W
Where, Q = heat absorbed in the evaporator
W = work supplied to compressor

Unit of refrigeration (Standard of refrigeration):


It is expressed in “Tons of refrigeration”.
It is defined as the quantity of heat absorbed in order to
form one ton of ice in 24 hours when the initial temperature
of water is 0oC.
Dept. of Mechanical & Mfg. Engg. 11

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