MAKALAH

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME

Disusun Oleh:

Aspan Martua 20130002

Bambang Arjuno 20130003
Nur Hajjah 20130009
Risna Hanani 20130015

          DOSEN PEMBIMBING : MR. AMRIZAL, M.HUM

PRODI : TADRIS BAHASA INGGRIS

SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM

NEGERI MANDAILING NATAL
2020/2021
CHAPTER 1
                                                     INTRODUCTION    
1.1    Issue background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2    Problem identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3   Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1  Understanding simple present tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2  Purpose simple present tense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3  Verbal sentence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
2.4  Word order of question with do and does. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
2.5  Question word verbal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
2.6  Nominal sentence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
2.7  Question word nominal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  

CHAPTER III
FINAL
3.1  Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2  Sugestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3  Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION
1.1  Issue Background                                                                                                 
Tenses are important in English education. If someone wants to master the English well,
then he should be able to master the good tenses. Among the forms of tenses we will discuss
the simple present tense.
            Present Tense or also known as Simple Present Tense is a form of time used to
express deeds. Where the Simple Present Tense is used in declaring events that occur today
or is a daily habit, it can also be used to express a general truth.

1.2 Problem
Identification                                                                                                               
1. What is a Simple Present Tense?
2. What are the uses of Simple Present Tense?
3. What is the function and structure of the Simple Present Tense in the Nominal sentence?
4. What is the function and structure of Simple Present Tense in Verbal sentences?
5. What are the uses and types of Negative Simple Present Tense sentences?
6. What are the types and sentences of the Simple Present Tense Question?
7. How is the short answer with Do and Does?

1.3 Purpose
The purpose of writing this paper is:
1.To readers can understand and apply tenses in everyday conversations or formal activities
that
use English as the main language.
2. To know the formula in the use of Simple Present Tense in a sentence.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Understanding Simple Present
Tense                                                                                   
            Simple Present Tense is a simple phrase used to describe a daily activity or daily
habits. The Present tense also states an act or activity that takes place or occurs in the present
time in a simple form.
2.2 Purpose Simple Present Tense  
Simple Present Tense can be used as follows:
2.2.1 Used to express a habit that is done at a certain time Example :    
 -  I only eavegetables                                                                                                  
 -  She drinks tea at breakfast                                                                                                     
 -  He visits my house twice a week

2.2.2 Used to express an activity that is repetitive Example :                                           

 -  I go to market every morning                                                                                            
- My parents are always at home on Sunday

2.2.3 Used to express a general truth, a common truth that happens

continuously   Example :                                                                                               
 - The sun rises in the east and sets in the west                                                                    
- The earthis round
- A week have seven week                                                                                                    
 - Ice is cold (es itu dingin)                                                                                         
- fire is hot (api itu panas)

2.2.4  Used to express an instruction or direction. Example :

- Open the bottle and pour the contents into
glass                                                                    
- I’ll let you enjoy dinner

2.2.5 Used to state situations that do not change  Example :                                     

 -  His father arrives
tomorrow                                                                                                                  
-  Our new year starts on the 1st January

2.3 Verbal Sentence
 + Subject + Verb 1 + Object
- Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
? DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
? Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?
Expressing Simple Present Tense sentences that use verbs
Example:
+ I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday

- I don't speak English

She doesn't speak English
Do you speak English?
? Jawaban: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Jawaban: Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
? Why do you speak English everyday ?

2.3.1 The positive verbal sentence formula used is:

For the subject I, You, We, They :
Subyek + infinitive (Verb
1)
For the subject He, She, It :
Subyek + infinitive (Verb 1) +
s/es
Information : Infinitive is also called the first form verb
(Verb 1)Contoh :                                                  
- I write a letter
everyday                                                                                                                             
- She reads a magazine every
morning                                                                                          
- They visit their grandmother every Friday
There are some rules to watch out for when adding s / es to basic verbs, which are as follows:

2.3.1.1 In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix "-s"

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Addict a Suffix “-s” Meaning

1 Read Reads Membaca
 2 Work Works Bekerja
3 Write Writes Menulis
4 Set Sets Terbenam
5 Shine Shines Bersinar
6 Sing Sings Menyanyi
7 Bring Brings Membawa
8 No Verb 1 (infinitive)
Eat Eats Addict a Suffix “-es”
Makan Meaning
9 1 Teach
Help HelpsTeaches Mengajar
Menolong
10 2 Reach
Give GivesReaches Menjangkau
Memberi
3 Do Does Mengerjakan
2.3.1.2 The verb 4 Go Goes Pergi
(infinitive) which 5 Kiss Kisses Mencium
ends with the letters 6 Discuss Discusses Mendiskusikan
"ch, o, s, sh, x, z" plus 7 Pass Passes Melewati
the suffix "-es" 8 Wish Wishes Mengharapkan
9 Finish Finishes Menyelesaikan
10 Fix Fixes Memperbaiki
  

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Addict a Suffix “-es” Meaning

1 Cry Cries Menangis
2 Carry Carries Membawa
2.3.1.3 The verb
3 Fly Flies Terbang
(infinitive) ends with
4 Study Studies Belajar
the letter "-y" and
preceded by the 5 Reply Replies Menjawab
consonant, then the 6 Try Tries Berusaha
suffix "-y" is changed to "-i" and then "-es" is added.

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Addict a Suffix “-s” Meaning

1 Buy Buys Membeli
2.3.1.4 The verb
2 Play Plays Bermain
(infinitive) ending with
3 Lay Lays Berbaring
the letter "-y"
beginning with the 4 Say Says Berkata
vowel, is sufficiently coupled with the "-s" suffix.

2.3.1.5 If the verb (infinitive) begins with an auxiliary verb, it does not get an extra "s / es".
No Example Word Mean
 1 Must try Harus mencoba
2 Must work Harus bekerja
3 Can speak Dapat bicara
4 Can write Dapat menulis
               

2.3.2 The negative verbal sentence formula used is:

For subject I, You, We, They :

Subyek + do + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

For subject He, She, It :

Subyek + does + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

Information :
a. To form a negative verbal sentence should be added "do / does + not" which is placed
before the verb (infinitive).
b. Do is used when the subject is I, You, We, They
c. Does used when the subject is He, She, It
d. In the form of a negative verbal sentence, the addition of "s / es" to the verb is omitted.
Example :
- I do not write a letter everyday
- She does not read a magazine every morning
- They do not visit their grandmother every Friday

2.4 Word Order of Question with Do and Does                                                                 

  The verbal sentence formula used is:
For subject I, You, We, They :

Do + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?

 
For subject He, She, It :
Does + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?
Information :
The verbal sentence question is formed by putting the do / does at the beginning of the
sentence so the addition of "s / es" to the verb (infinitive) is also omitted (not required).
Example :                                                                                                                                   
  - Do I write a letter everyday?                                                                                                -
Does She read a magazine every morning?         
- Do they visit their grandmother every Friday?

2.5 Question Word Verbal   

If in a verbal sentence question is used along with a question word like: What, Where, When,
Who, Why, Which, How, then the pattern of the sentence is                 
1. When the question word (question word) is used does not ask the subject, for example:
Where, What, When, Why, Which, How can be used formula:
For subject I, You, We, They :

Question Word (QW) + do + Subyek + Infinitive ?

For subject He, She, It :

Question Word (QW) + does + Subyek + Infinitive ?

Example of sentence:
- Where do you live?               = I live in Jakarta
  (Dimana kamu tinggal?)        = (Saya tinggal di Jakarta)
  Jawabannya tidak Yes atau No tapi :
- What does she write?           = She writes a letter.
  (Apa yang dia tulis?)             = (Dia menulis sebuah surat.)

2. When the question word is used asks the subject, eg Who, then the formula as is:

Question Word (QW) + infinitive + s/es?

Information :
In the form of this question, the verb (infinitive) is added with "s / es" in accordance with the
preceding rules.
Example :
- Who always helps your father?                    
= My brother always helps my father.

2.6 Nominal

Sentence Expressing Simple Present Tense sentences that do not use verbs

+ Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object Example :
? To be 1 + Subject++ Non
I amVerb
a teacher.
+ Object?
She is a teacher.
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
- I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
Are you a teacher?
? Jawaban: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes She is, atau No, She is not
What are you ?
? Jawaban: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Jawaban: She is here

1. The formula of positive nominal sentences used is:

2.
Subyek + To be + Noun Adjective/Adverb
Information :
Non verb or not verb (verb), can be noun (noun), adjective (adjective) or adverb (adverb).
To be (is, am, are) tailored to the subject of a sentence.
- is for the subject He, She, It
- are for the subject We, You, They
- am for subject I
Example :
- You are sad = kata sifat
  (Kamu sedih)
- We are in the library = kata keterangan
  (Kami ada di perpustakaan)
- She is a teacher.
  (Dia seorang guru)
But if before to be preceded by a verb, the form to be (is, am, are) changed to be for all
subjects.
Example :
- I must be there
- He can be ill
2. The nominal negative sentence formula used is

Subjek + To be + not +Noun

Adjective/Adverb
Information :
Negative nominal sentences are formed by adding notes back to
be.                                             - You are not sad.
  (Kamu tidak sedih)
- We are not in the library.
  (Kami tidak ada di perpustakaan)
- She is not a teacher.
  (Dia bukan seorang guru)
3. The nominal sentence formula formula used is:

To be + Subjek + Noun Adjective/Adverb

Information :
Kalimat nominal ini dibentuk dengan to be di awal kalimat.
Contoh :
- Are you sad?
- Are we in the library?
- Is she a teacher?
2.7 Question Word
Nominal                                                                                                      If the nominal
sentence in question used the question word (question word), then the formula used is
Question Word (QW) + To be + subyek ?

Example:
- Where is your
mother ?                                                                                                                   
- What is your occupation?

CHAPTER III
FINAL
3.1 Conclusion    
                                                                                                               
Simple Present Tense is the Time Form used to express deeds. Simple Present Tense is used
to express a habit that is performed at a certain time (habits), declares general truths, states a
repeated actions, states an instruction or directions), states a fixed arrangement, declaring
with future construction. Simple Present Tense is divided into: 
1. Simple Present Tense Verb (verbal sentence) is a sentence in which there is a verb (main
verb), which shows an activity. Can be a positive sentence, negative and sentence question.
2. Simple Present Tense Non Verb (sentence nominal) is a sentence in which there is no verb
but the bias of noun (noun), adjectives (adjectiva), and adverbs (adverb). Can be a positive
sentence, negative and sentence Question. 
3. Questions in the Simple Present Tense with Do and Does (sentence) is a sentence used in
the sentence asked verbal and nominal forms using do and does.

3.2 Suggestion  

Discussion about Simple Present Tense not only limited to this paper alone, because we can
dig more about Simple Present Tense. The goal for us as the successor of the Indonesian
nation can                                                                                                                             

3.3 Reference  nurlin23.blogspot.co.id/2016/09/makalah-simple-present
tense.html