SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

1. Diagram 4.1 shows a flowchart to form Salt M.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan Garam M.

Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1

Based on Diagram 4.1, answer the following questions:

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

i. State acid V and alkali T.

Nyatakan asid V dan alkali T.

Acid V : ……………………………………………………………………..
Asid V
Alkali T : …………………………………………………………………….
Alkali T [2M]

ii.
i. Name reaction X.
Namakan tindak balas X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………........................

[1M]

ii. Write the chemical equation for reaction X.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas X.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1M]

1
 SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

iii. 25 cm3 of alkali T is needed to neutralize 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 acid V. Calculate the
concentration of alkali T.
25 cm3 alkali T diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 50 cm3 asid V 0.1 mol dm'3.
Hitungkan kepekatan alkali T.

[3M]

iv. Describe briefly how crystals of Salt M is obtained from its solution.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana hablur Garam M diperolehi dari larutannya.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2M]
v. If acid V is replaced with ethanoic acid, state the salt produced from reaction X.
Jika asid V digantikan dengan asid etanoik, nyatakan garam yang terhasil dari tindak balas X.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

2
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Magnesia Milk Apple Juice Liquid Detergent Bleach solution

Susu Magnesia Jus Epal Cecair Detergen Larutan Peluntur
Diagram 5.1 / Raj ah 5.1

2. Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of magnesia milk, a glass of apple juice, liquid detergent and bleach
solution . Aini investigate the pH value of the substance given by using pH paper . She measured 2 cm of
each solution and put into four different test tubes. The results were tabulated in table 5.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol susu magnesia, segelas jus epal, cecair detergen, dan larutan peluntur.
Aini mengkaji nilai pH bagi semua bahan yang diberi dengan menggunakan kertas pH. Beliau menyukat
2cm daripada setiap larutan dan memasukkannya ke dalam empat tabung uji berasingan. Keputusan
dicatatkan dalam Jadual 5.

Solution Bleach Solution Apple Juice Jus Magnesia Milk Liquid detergent
Larutan Larutan Peluntur Epal Susu Magnesia Cecair detergen
pH 1 5 9 13
Table 5 / Jadual 5

(a)
i. From table 5, categorized all the solution given into acid and alkali.
Daripada Jadual 5, kategorikan semua larutan yang diberikan kepada asid dan alkali.

Acid Alkali
Asid Alkali

3
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

ii. Based on your answer in (a) (i), which alkali is strong alkali? Explain why in terms
of concentration of ions in the solution.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (a)(i), alkali manakah merupakah alkali kuat?
Terangkan jawapan anda berdasarkan kepekatan ion di dalam larutan tersebut.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………….....................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2M]

iii. The apple juice contains malic acid, C4H6O5, which is weak acid. What is meant by
weak acid?
Jus epal mengandungi asid malik, C4H6O5, iaitu asid lemah. Apakah yang
dimaksudkan asid lemah?

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

Volumetric flask A Volumetric flask B

Kelalang Volumetrik A Kelalang Volumetrik B

0.1 mol dm -3 potassium hydroxide solution 0.02 mol dm -3 potassium hydroxide solution
-3
0.1 mol dm larutan kalium hidroksida 0.02 mol dm-3 larutan kalium hidroksida
Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

(b) Diagram 5.2 shows standard solution of sodium hydroxide in two volumetric flasks.
Volumetric flask A contain 0.1 mol dm -3 potassium hydroxide solution and
volumetric flask B contain 0.02 mol dm -3 potassium hydroxide solution.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan larutan piawai kalium hidroksida dalam dua kelalang volumetrik.
Kelalang volumetrik A mengandungi larutan kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol
dm -3 dan kelalang volumetrik B mengandungi larutan kalium hidroksida 0.02 mol dm -3 .

4
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

i. Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide needed to prepare 100 cm 3 of 0.1

mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution in volumetric flask A.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; O = 16; K = 39]
Hitung jisim kalium hidroksidayang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 100 cm3
larutan kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dalam kelalang volumetrik A.
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1; O = 16; K = 39]

[2M]

ii. Potassium hydroxide solution in volumetric flask B is prepared using dilution

method.
Calculate the volume of potassium hydroxide solution from volumetric flask A
needed to prepare 200 cm3 of0.02moldm-3 potassium hydroxide solution in
volumetric flask B.
Larutan kalium hidroksida dalam kelalang volumetrik B disediakan melalui kaedah
pencairan. Hitungkan isipadu larutan kalium hidroksida daripada kelalang
volumetrik A yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 200 cm3 larutan
kalium hidroksida 0.02 mol dm-3 dalam kelalang volumetrik B.

[1M]

5
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

After an hour
Selepas satu jam

Kawasan kelenjar gastrik

Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3

(c) Diagram 5.3 shows part of stomach and how the gastric pain occur from our stomach. Gastritis
caused by an imbalance of stomach acid that rises to the upper part of the stomach that causes
inflammation in the mucosal lining of the relevant portion . Under normal circumstances in which
stomach acid secretion is balanced, one does not encounter this problem. However in certain
circumstances where excessive secretion of stomach acid (hyperacidity) overcome the power of the
mucosal layer, the occurrence of irritation or inflammation and cause pain. If excessive
inflammation or mucosal lining of the injured were exposed to excess stomach acid for long periods
of time for example pain comes and goes frequently within a week, this can cause injuries which
known as gastric ulcer.
Diagram 5.3 also shows Pn. Aishah that suffer agastric pain in a meeting. Pn. Aishah tooka sachet
of gastric pain relief. After an hour, Pn. Aishah feels better. In your opinion, how the medicine
relief her pain. Suggest another alternative medication that can be taken by Pn. Aishah to relief her
pain.

6
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan bahagian perut dan bagaimana penyakit gastrik berlaku dalam perut kita.
Gastrik berpunca dari ketidakseimbangan asid perut yang naik ke atas bahagian perut sehingga
menyebabkan berlakunya inflamasi pada lapisan mukosa bahagian berkaitan. Dalam keadaan
normal di mana rembesan asid perut adalah seimbang, seseorang tidak menghadapi masalah ini.
Walau bagaimanapun dalam keadaan tertentu di mana rembesan asid perut berlebihan mengatasi
kekuatan lapisan mukosa, akan berlakunya iritasi atau keradangan dan mengakibatkan rasa sakit
di bahagian tersebut. Jika keradangan melampau atau lapisan mukosa yang tercedera itu
terdedah dengan asid perut yang berlebihan untuk tempoh yang lama sebagai contoh sakit
berulang dengan kerap dalam tempoh seminggu, ini boleh menyebabkan berlakunya luka yang
dikenali sebagai ulser gastrik.
Rajah 5.3 juga menunjukkan Pn Aishah yang mengalami sakit gastrik dalam satu mesyuarat. Pn
Aishah telah mengambil satu uncang ubat gastrik. Selepas satu jam, Pn Aishah berasa lebih baik.
Pada pandangan anda, bagaimana ubat gastrik tersebut mengurangkan rasa sakit gastrik
tersebut. Cadangkan perubatan alternatif yang boleh diambil oleh Pn Aishah untuk
mengurangkan sakit akibat gastrik tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]
3. Diagram 3 shows the flow chart of a series of reactions of copper(II) carbonate salt.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan carta alir bagi satu siri tindak balas bagi garam kuprum(II) karbonat.

reaction W
tindak balas W

Diagram 3/ Rajah 3

7
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(a) Copper(II) carbonate react with sulphuric acid to produced salt L, gas M and water.
Gas M turns lime water chalky.
Kuprum(II) karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik menghasilkan garam L, gas M dan
air. Gas M menukarkan air kapur menjadi keruh.
i. Based on Diagram 3, identify salt L and gas M.
Berdasarkan rajah 3, kenalpasti, garam L dan gas M.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]
ii. Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
(b) When salt L solution is added with sodium hydroxide solution, a blue precipitate
insoluble in excess NaOH formed. Write the formula of the blue precipitate.
Apabila larutan garam L ditambahkan dengan larutan natrium hidroksida,
mendakan biru tidak larut dalam natrium hidroksida berlebihan terhasil. Tuliskan
formula bagi mendakan biru tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]
(c) Salt L can be converted back to copper(II) carbonate through reaction W.
Garam L boleh ditukarkan semula kepada kuprum(II) karbonat melalui tindak
balas W.
i. Suggest a suitable chemical substance that can be used in reaction W.
Cadangkan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai digunakan dalam tindak balas W.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]

ii. State the name of reaction W.

Nyatakan nama tindak balas W.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
.
[1M]

8
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(d)
i. Salt L is soluble in water. Briefly describe a method to obtain the crystal of salt
L from its solution.
Garam L adalah larut dalam air. Terangkan dengan ringkas kaedah untuk
mendapatkan hablur garam L daripada larutannya.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
[3M]
4. Diagram 5.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of heat on lead(II) carbonate.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen iintuk mengkaji kesan haba ke atasplumbum (II) karbonat .

(a) Based on the experiment in Diagram 5.1:

Berdasarkan eksperimen dalam Rajah 5.1:
i. State the gas produced.
Nyatakan gas yang dibebaskan

…………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
ii. State the colour of lead (II) carbonate.
Nyatakan warna kuprum (II) karbonat.

…………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
i. Name the residue formed in the experiment.
Namakan baki yang terbentukdalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………….

9
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

[1M]

(b) Diagram 5.2 shows the reaction scheme of lead (II) carbonate.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan skema tindakbalas bagiplumbum (II) karbonat.

PbC03 Proses I PbO + Co2

Reagent X
ReagenX
Reagent Y
Reagen Y

Pb(N03)2 Pb(OH)2

Process II Add Na2SC>4

Proses II TambahNa2SC>4

White precipitate Z
Mendakan putih Z
Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.2

Based on Diagram 5.2:

Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2:
i. Name the Process I and Process II.
Namakan Proses I dan Proses II

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2M]
ii. Name the Reagent X and Reagent Y.
Namakan Reagen X dan Reagen Y

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2M]
iii. Name the white precipitate Z.
Namakan mendakan putih Z

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]
iv. Write the ionic equation for Process II.
Tulis persamaan ion bagi Proses II

10
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2M]
v. State the ions in lead(II) nitrate solution.
Nyatakan ion-ion yang terdapat dalam larutan plumbum (II) nitrat.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the energy level diagram for the precipitation of lead(II) sulphate.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat.

Diagram 5.1/Rajah 5.1

(a) State the meaning for heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate.

Nyatakan maksud habapemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]
(b) State one information that can be obtained from the energy level diagram in
Diagram 5.1.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi dari gambar rajah aras tenaga dalam Rajah 5.1

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

11
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(c) Diagram 5.2 shows an experiment to determine the heat of displacement of copper
from its salt solution by zinc. The temperature increased by 14 oC.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; density of solution=1.0 g cm-3]
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran kuprum
daripada larutan garamnya oleh logam zink. Kenaikan suhu direkodkan sebanyak 14oC.
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1; Ketumpatan larutan = 1.0 g cm'3]

Diagram 5.2 /Rajah 5.2

i. Calculate the heat change in this experiment.
Hitungkan perubahan haba di dalam eksperimen ini.

[1M]

ii. The chemical equation for the displacement reaction is shown below.
Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas penyesaran tersebut ditunjukkan di bawah.

Zn + Cu(NO3)3  Cu + Zn(NO3)2

Calculate the heat of displacement of copper from copper(II) nitrate solution by zinc.
Hitungkan haba penyesaran kuprum dari larutan kuprum(II) nitrat oleh zink.

12
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

[3M]

(d) Table 5.3 shows the values of heat released for a reaction between excess potassium hydroxide
solution with two different acids.
Jadual 5.3 menunjukkan nilai haba yang dibebaskan bagi tindak balas antara larutan kalium
hidroksida berlebihan dengan dua asidyang berbeza.

Heat released for 1 mol

Experiment Reactants of acid /kJ
Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Haba yang terbebas untuk 1
mol asid / kJ

Potassium hydroxide solution +

I hydrochloric acid - 57
Larutan kalium hidroksida + asid
hidroklorik

Potassium hydroxide solution +

II sulphuric acid - 114
Larutan kalium hidroksida + asid sulfurik

Table 5.3/ Jadual 5.3

Based on Table 5.3, explain why there is a difference in the values of heat released.
Berdasarkan Jadual 5.3, terangkan mengapa nilai haba yang dibebaskan itu berbeza.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]
(e) Table 5.4 shows a list of apparatus and materials.
Jadual 5.4 menunjukkan senarai alat radas dan bahan.

Apparatus and Materials

Alat radas dan bahan

• Ethanol • Copper can

Etanol Bekas kuprum
• Water • Thermometer
Air Termometer

• Spirit lamp • Tripod stand

Pelita Tungku kaki tiga
• Wooden block • Wind shield
Bongkah kayu Penghadang angin
Table 5.4 Jadual 5.4

13
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Using the apparatus and materials listed, draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to determine
the heat of combustion of ethanol.
Menggunakan radas dan bahan yang disenaraikan, lukis gambarajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan
radas bagi menentukan haba pembakaran etanol.

[2M]
6. Table 6 shows the heats of combustion of some common fuels.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan haba pembakaran beberapa bahan api yang biasa digunakan.

Fuel Heat of combustion (kJ mol-1)

Bahan api Haba pembakaran (kJ mol-1)

Methane -890
Metana
-2 230
Propane
Propana
Ethanol -1 376
Etanol
-2 016
Propanol
Propanol
Table 6 / Jadual 6
(a) The combustion of the fuels is an exothermic reaction.
What is meant by exothermic reaction?
Pembakaran bahan api adalah tindak balas eksotermik. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tindak
balas eksotermik?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

14
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(b) Diagram 6 shows the energy profile for the combustion of ethanol.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi pembakaran etanol.

Mark ΔH for the reaction in Diagram 6.

Tandakan ΔH bagi tindak balas dalam Rajah 6

[1M]
(c)
i. Compare the heat of combustion of methane and propane.
Bandingkan haba pembakaran metana dan propana.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
ii. Explain your answer in (c)(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di (c)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]
(d) Calculate the fuel value of propanol.
[Molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 g mol-1]
Hitungkan nilai bahan api bagi propanol.
[Jisim Molar propanol, C3H7OH = 60 g mol1]

15
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

[2M]
(e) During a football game, a player found that his knee was swollen after being hit by the opponent
player.
Semasa perlawanan bola sepak, seorang pemain mendapati lututnya bengkak selepas berlanggar
dengan pemain lawan.

A physiotherapy put ice cubes on his knee to relieve the pain.

As a chemistry student, suggest another method to help the player.
Explain how the method you choose will help the player.
Seorang ahli fisioterapi meletakkan ketulan ais pada lutut pemain itu untuk mengurangkan kesakitan.
Sebagai seorangpelajar kimia, cadangkan kaedah lain untuk membantu pemain itu. Terangkan bagaimana
kaedah yang dipilih dapat membantu pemain itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]

16
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Section B Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question from this section.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini

7.
(a) Diagram 7 shows flow chart of lead(II) carbonate when heated strongly to form
oxide Y and colourless gas Z. Lead(II) carbonate powder is dissolved in nitric acid to form salt X
solution.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan carta alir bagi plumbum(II) karbonat apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat bagi
menghasilkan oksida Y dan gas tanpa warna Z. Serbuk plumbum(II) karbonat larut dalam asid
nitrik untuk menghasilkan larutan garam X.

Based on the information in Diagram 7 :

Berdasarkan maklumat pada Rajah 7:

i. State the name of oxide Y and gas Z. State the changes of colour when lead(II) carbonate is
heated to form Y oxide.
Nyatakan nama oksida Y dan gas Z. Nyatakan perubahan warna apabila plumbum(II)
karbonat dipanaskan untuk membentuk oksida Y.

[3M]
ii. Write the chemical equation for reaction I.
Describe a chemical test to identify the presence of anion in the salt X solution .
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas I.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenal pasti kehadiran anion di dalam larutan garam X.

17
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

[6M]

iii. Salt are classify into soluble and insoluble salt.

State four types of reaction to prepare soluble salt.
State the name for one suitable soluble salt for each types of reaction.
Nyatakan empat jenis tindak balas bagi penyediaan garam terlarutkan. Nyatakan nama
bagi satu garam terlarutkan yang sesuai bagi setiap jenis tindak balas tersebut.

[8M]

iv. Lead(II) iodide is an insoluble salt.

State the name of the reaction and the reactants to prepare lead(II) iodide.
Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
Plumbum(II) iodide adalah garam tidak terlarutkan.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas tersebut dan bahan tindak balas bagi
penyediaanplumbum(II) iodida.
Tuliskanpersamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[3M]

8.
(a) The smaller sized tapioca will cook faster than the bigger size.
Explain why.
Ubi kayu yang bersaiz kecil akan masak dengan lebih cepat berbanding yang bersaiz
besar. Terangkan.
[3M]

18
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of
reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc.
Table 8.1 shows the results of the experiments.
Sekumpulan pelajar membuat eksperimen bagi mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindakbalas antara asid hidroklorik dan zink.
Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Time taken to collect 40 cm(i) * 3

Experiment Reactants of hydrogen gas (s)
Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Masa yang diambil untuk
mengumpul 40 cm3 gas
hidrogen (s)
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid + zinc granule + a few drops of
copper(II) sulphate solution
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3
I 90
+ ketulan zink + beberapa titis
larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric

acid + zinc granule
II 150
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm'3
+ ketulan zink

50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric

acid + zinc granule
III 270
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm'3
+ ketulan zink

Table 8.1 Jadual 8.1

i. Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II

Hitungkan kadar tindakbalas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Ekperimen II

[2M]

ii. On the same axis , sketch the graph for the three sets of experiments for the liberation of 40 cm 3 of
hydrogen gas
Pada paksi yang sama , lakar graf untuk ketiga-tiga set eksperimen bagi pembebasan 40 cm 3 gas
hidrogen
[3M]

19
 SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

iii. Write the ionic equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas di antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.
[2M]

iv. Based on Table 8.1, compare the rate of reaction between

i. Experiment I and Experiment II
ii. Experiment II and Experiment III
Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara
i. Eksperimen I dan eksperimen II
ii. Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III

Explain the difference in the rate of reaction based on the Collision Theory.
Terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran.
[10M]

20
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
9.
(a)
i. State three different reactions or chemical equations to produce magnesium sulphate.
Nyatakan tiga tindak balas berbeza atau persamaan kimia untuk menghasilkan magnesium
sulfat.

[3M]

ii. Based on one of the reaction above, describe an experiment to prepare a dry sample of
magnesium sulphate.
Berdasarkan salah satu tindak balas di atas, terangkan satu eksperimen bagi menyediakan
sampel kering magnesium sulfat.

21
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

[10M]

(b) A small piece of solid sodium hydroxide pellet was put into ammonium chloride solution and
then heated slowly as shown in the figure below.
Satu kepingan kecil pepejal natrium hidroksida diletakkan ke dalam larutan ammonium
kloridadan dipanaskan secara perlahan seperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.

Heat
Ammonium chloride solution
Dipanaskan
Larutan ammonium klorida
The gas given off turned the moist red litmus paper to blue.
Gas yang dibebaskan menukarkan kertas litmus merah yang lembap kepada biru.
sodium hydroxide pellet
22 pellet natrium hidroksid
a
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

i. Name the gas.

Namakan gas tersebut.
[1M]

ii. Write the chemical equation when the gas dissolves in water.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia apabila gas itu dilarutkan ke dalam air.
[1M]

iii. Describe a chemical test to identify the gas given off by using concentrated hydrochloric
acid. [2M]
Terangkan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti gas yg dibebaskan dengan menggunakan
asid hidroklorik.

[2M]

iv. State the observation when the gas is passed through copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila gas itu dialirkan melalui larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

[3M]

23
 SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

10. Maryam helped her mother cleaned the cockles before cooking them. Accidentally she poured
vinegar into the bowl containing cockles. Maryam found effervescence occured. She asked her
mother who is a chemistry teacher why effervescence occur. Her mother explained that cockle
shells contain calcium carbonate that can react with vinegar which is acidic to release carbon
dioxide gas. Therefore, Maryam brought the cockle shells to the school laboratory to carry out an
experiment to investigate the reaction between the cockle shells and hydrochloric acid. Table 9
shows the information for three set of experiments carried out by Maryam.
Maryam menolong ibunya membersihkan kerang yang hendak dimasak. Secara tidak sengaja dia
tercurah cuka ke dalam mangkuk yang berisi kerang. Maryam dapati terdapatpembuakan. Dia
bertanyakan kepada ibunya seorang guru kimia kenapa pembuakan berlaku. Ibunya menjelaskan
bahawa kulit kerang mengandungi kalsium karbonat yang boleh bertindak balas dengan cuka yang
bersifat asid untuk membebaskan gas kabon dioksida. Oleh itu, Maryam membawa kulit kerang ke
makmal sekolah untuk menjalankan ekperimen mengkaji tindak balas antara kulit kerang dengan
asid hidroklorik. Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh
Maryam.

Experiment
Eksperimen Information of the investigation Maklumat penyiasatan

Set I 5g of crushed cockle shell and 50 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 hydrochoric acid at 30oC 5g
serpihan kulit kerang dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 moldm-3 pada 30oC

Set II 5g of crushed cockle shell and 50 cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 hydrochoric acid at 30oC 5g
serpihan kulit kerang dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 moldm-3 pada 30oC

Set III 5g of crushed cockle shell and 50 cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 hydrochoric acid at 40oC 5g
serpihan kulit kerang dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 moldm-3 pada 40oC
Table 9 / Jadual 9

Diagram 9 shows the graph of volume of gas collected against time for experiment Set II sketched by
Maryam.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan graf isi padu gas dikumpul melawan masa bagi eksperimen Set II yang dilakar oleh
Maryam.

Volume of gas / cm3 Isi padu gas / cm3

24
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

Time / s Masa / s

(a) Based on the information in Table 9 and graph in Diagram 9, sketch the curve for the
volume of gas against time for Set I, Set II and Set III on the same axes.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9 dan graf dalam Rajah 9, lakarkan lengkung bagi
isi padu gas melawan masa bagi Set I, Set II dan Set III pada paksi yang sama.
[2M]

(b) Explain how you obtain the curve for Set I and Set III in (a).
Terangkan bagaimana anda memperolehi lengkung bagi Set I dan Set III di (a).
[8M]

25
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

(c) By referring to collision theory, explain the difference in the rate of reaction between
Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas
antara
i. Set I and Set II
Set I dan Set II
ii. Set II and Set III
Set II dan Set III
[10M]

26
SET 1 PECUTAN AKHIR SPM PTIU CHEMISTRY

27