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Variables and Data Variables and Data: Variable Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable Discrete Variable Data

This document discusses variables and data. It defines a variable as something that varies from object to object, and distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative variables. Qualitative variables are non-numerical while quantitative variables are numerical. Quantitative variables can be discrete or continuous. The document also defines different types of data, including qualitative nominal and ordinal data, and quantitative interval and ratio data. It concludes by distinguishing between primary and secondary data.

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Muhammad Ishaq
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257 views3 pages

Variables and Data Variables and Data: Variable Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable Discrete Variable Data

This document discusses variables and data. It defines a variable as something that varies from object to object, and distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative variables. Qualitative variables are non-numerical while quantitative variables are numerical. Quantitative variables can be discrete or continuous. The document also defines different types of data, including qualitative nominal and ordinal data, and quantitative interval and ratio data. It concludes by distinguishing between primary and secondary data.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ishaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variables and Data Variables and Data

 1. Variable
 A characteristic that varies from object to object  1. Data
 2. Qualitative Variable  Information obtained by observing values of
 A non numerically valued variable variables
 3. Quantitative Variable  2. Qualitative Data
 A numerically valued variable  Nominal and Ordinal Data
 4. Discrete Variable  3. Quantitative Data
 A quantitative variable whose possible values form a finite (or
countable infinite) set of numbers  Interval and Ratio Data
 5. Continuous Variable  4. Discrete Data and Continuous Data
 A quantitative variable whose possible values form some
interval of numbers

R. Ali |Introduction 20 R. Ali |Introduction 21

Qualitative Data Quantitative Data


Interval Data
Nominal Data Measurements that enables comparison of the sample (or population)
Measurements that simply classify the units of the units according to the difference between values
sample (or population) into categories Always numerical Examples:Temperature, Time etc.
 Often uses labels rather than numbers Only addition and subtraction are meaningful

 No arithmetic operation or comparison is possible Zero point on the scale does not denote absence of measuring
characteristic
Ordinal Data Ratio Data
Examples: gender, blood groups,
Measurements thatvoters
enable distribution(45
the units of the sample (or Measurements that enables comparison of the sample (or population)
population) to be ordered w.r.t the variable of interest units according to the multiple of the values
Democrats,80Republicans,90
May be verbal labels or numbers
Independent etc Always numerical Examples:Weight, Length, Distance,etc.
No arithmetic operation is possible Examples: Rating, Pay
All arithmetic operation are meaningful
Comparison is possible Scales, Shirt Sizes,
Educational Qualification Zero point on the scale indicates an absence of measuring
R. Ali |Introduction etc. 22 characteristic R. Ali |Introduction 23

1
Statistical Data Primary Data

 Raw Data, Collected for the first time


 Has not undergone any kind of statistical treatment
Statistical
DATA  Collection methods involve
• Survey
• Interviews
Primary Secondary • Questionnaires
Data Data
• Recording events

R. Ali |Introduction 24 R. Ali |Introduction 25

Secondary Data Conclusion


 Previously Collected and Recorded Data  Defined Statistics
 Has undergone some kind of statistical treatment  Described the Uses of Statistics
 Collected from  Distinguished Descriptive & Inferential Statistics
 Defined Population, Sample, Parameter,
• Previous Records & Statistic
• News Papers  Defined variables and data
• Publications  Distinguished Qualitative & Quantitative variables
 Distinguished Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
Data

R. Ali |Introduction 26 R. Ali |Introduction 27

2
CA-01 Thank you for your
Attention 

 Questions and Comments . . .

R. Ali |Introduction 28 R. Ali |Introduction 29

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