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Problemas de circuitos trifasicos
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
591 views8 pagesBalanced Three Phase Circuits Problems
Problemas de circuitos trifasicos
Uploaded by
diego cubillosCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 8
420
Balanced Three-Pase Ceuits
Problems
lll phasor voltages in the following Problems are stated in
terms of the rms value.
Section 111
m4
2
13
Verify that Bq. 11.3 is true for either Eq. 11.1 or
Eq. 11.2.
‘What is the phase sequence of each of the following
sets of voltages?
a) & = 208.c0s (wf + 27°) V,
‘Vy = 208 cos (wt + 147°) V,
1, = 208 cos (wt ~ 93°) V.
b) v, = 4160cos (wt ~ 18°) V,
Uy = 4160.c0s (wt — 138") V.
= 4160.cos (wt + 102°) V.
For each set of voltages, state whether or not the volt-
ages form a balanced three-phase set. If the set is bal-
anced, state whether the phase sequence is positive or
negative. Ifthe set is not balanced, explain winy.
a), = 13908377 V,
vy = 1390s (3771 + 120°) V,
Ne = 139.08 (377 — 120°) V.
b) v, = 38Lcos377 V,
‘yy = 381 cos (3771 + 240°) V,
1. = 381 cos (3771 + 120°) V.
Figure P16
©) % = 2771 sin (377 ~ 30°) V,
vy = 2771 cos 3771 V,
240.0" V
tg = 27M sin (377 + 210°) V.
4) 1 = 170sin (wr + 30°) V.
2 = “1700s wr V,
2 = 170.08 (wt + 60°) V.
©) % = 339 cos ur V,
t= 33905 (wl + 120) V,
1% = 393.c0s (wt — 120°) V.
f) v = 3983sin (wr + 50°) V,
ty = 3983 .c08 (wt ~ 160") V,
2, = 3983.05 (wt + 70°) V.
Section 11.2
14
Refer to the circuit in Fig. 1.5(b). Assume that there
are no external connections to the terminals a,b.
Assume further that the three windings are from a
balanced three-phase generator, How much current
will circulate in the A-connected generator?
Section 11.3
ns
16
019
Ora
240,120" V
240 /-120°V
oa
‘A balanced three-phase circuit has the following
characteristics:
+ ¥-Y connected;
* The line voltage at
2a0V3 /90" V;
+ The phase sequence is negative;
+ The line impedance is 4 + j5 9/4;
* The load impedance is 76 + j35.0/¢.
a) Draw the single phase equivalent circuit for the
a-phase.
') Calculated the line current in the a-phase.
©) Calculated the line voltage at the load in the
the source, Vay, is
a-phase.
Find the rms value of I, in the unbalanced three
phase circuit seen in Fig. PIL.
080 a 04M 320 A 5950 j760
Sb va j320 Bw sos yo
wa
WS ¢ 040 fx20 Cc Ws jo 11.7. The time-domain expressions for three line-to-neutral
voltages at the terminals of a Y-connected load are
Yay = 7620.08 (wt + 30°) V,
py = 7620.c0s (wt + 150°) V,
Yen = 762005 (wt ~ 90°) V.
What are the time-domain expressions for the three
line-to-line voltages vas, Yac. and vey?
118 a) Is the circuit in Fig. P1L.8 a balanced or unbal-
rit” anced three-phase system? Explain
b) Find
Fue Pu.
las 40 4 m0
20 2 i
19 b 40 B “140,
SS
200 /=120°V
+) aon joo
ln ¢ 40 c 70
11.9 The magnitude of the line voltage at the terminals
of a balanced Y-connected load is 6600 V. The load.
impedance is 240 - j70 02/¢. The load is fed from a
lime that has an impedance of 0.5 + j4 Q/é.
a) What is the magnitude of the line current?
b) What is the magnitude of the line voltage at
the source?”
11.10 a) Find I, in the circuit in Fig. P11.10.
rib) Find Vans
mono) Find Van.
4) Is the circuit a balanced or unbalanced three~
phase system?
Figure P11.10
040 0 a 160 Ba
amv
pao
277/=120°V
277/120 V
029 os.
za
Problems 424,
1111 The magnitude of the phase voltage of an ideal
balanced three-phase Y-connected source is
125 V. The source is connected to a balanced
Y-connected load by a distribution line that has an
impedance of 0.1 + j0.8 0/6. The load impedance
is 19.9 + /142.O/d. The phase sequence of the
source is acb. Use the a-phase voltage of the
source as the reference. Specify the magnitude and
phase angle of the following quantities: (a) the
three line currents, (b) the three line voltages at
the source, (c) the three phase voltages at the load,
and (d) the three line voltages at the load.
Section 11.4
11.12 A balanced, three-phase circuit is characterized as
follows:
© ¥-A connected;
‘+ Source voltage in the e-phase is 20/-90° V;
‘+ Source phase sequence is abe;
‘+ Line impedance is 1 + j3 0/6:
‘+ Load impedance is 117 — 799.0/¢.
a) Draw the single phase equivalent for the a-phase,
b) Calculate the a-phase line current.
©) Calculate the a-phase line voltage for the three-
phase load,
11.13 An ach sequence balanced three-phase Y-connected
source supplies power toa balanced, three-phase A-
connected load with an impedance of 12 + /9 0/¢.
‘The source voltage in the bephase is 240/50 V.
‘The line impedance is 1 + j1 /é. Draw the single
phase equivalent circuit for the a-phase and use it
to find the current in the a-phase of the load.
11.14 A balanced A-connected load has an impedance of
‘864 — 252 02/6. The load is fed through a line hav-
ing an impedance of 0.5 + j4 (2/¢. The phase volt-
age at the terminals of the load is 69 kV. The phase
sequence is positive. Use Vay as the reference.
1a) Calculate the three phase currents of the load.
b) Calculate the three line currents,
©) Calculate the three line voltages at the sending
end of the line.
jan. 422 Balance Three-Phase Ccuits
ASA balanced ¥-connected load having an imped
ance of 72 + 21 9/¢ is connected in parallel with
a balanced A-connected load having an imped-
ance of 150/0° 0/6. The paralleled loads are fed
from a line having an impedance of j1 0/6. The
magnitude of the line-to-neutral voltage of the Y-
load is 7650 V.
) Calculate the magnitude of the current in the
line feeding the loads.
) Calculate the magnitude of the phase current in
the A-connected load.
©) Calculate the magnitude of the phase current in
the ¥-connected load.
4) Calculate the magnitude of the line voltage at
the sending end of the line
11.16 In a balanced three-phase system, the source is a bal-
anced Y with an abe phase sequence and a line voltage
Vay = 208/50° V. The load is a balanced Y in paral
Jel with a balanced A. The phase impedance of the Y is,
4+ j3/6 and the phase impedance of the A is
3 = j9.0/d. The line impedance is 1.4 + /0.8 0/4.
Draw the single phase equivalent circuit and use it to
calculate the line voltage at the load in the a-phase.
LL17 The impedance Z in the balanced thr
cuit in Fig, PILL17 is 100 = 75 0. Find
a) Tap, Tyc, and ea,
1) Tha. Iha. and Tec
©) Mow Hem aid The
Figure P11.17
hase cir-
132/120 kV
¢ Z
11.18 For the circuit shown in Fig. PI.18, find
IPP a) the phase currents Tay, Ipc, and Log
b) the line currents I,q, Iyp, and Lee
when Z, = 24 - j0.70, Z + j69, and
%= 20+ joo.
Figure P1118.
as0.120° VI
480,30 V
11.19 A three-phase A-connected generator has an inter-
nal impedance of 9 + j90 m02/¢. When the load is
removed from the generator, the magnitude of the
terminal voltage is 13,800 V. The generator feeds a
A-connected load through a transmission line with
an impedance of 20 + j180 mf2/¢. The per phase
impedance of the load is 7.056 + 3.417 0.
) Construct a single-phase equivalent circuit
b) Caleulate the magnitude of the line current.
©) Calculate the magnitude of the line voltage at
the terminals of the load.
4) Calculate the magnitude of the line voltage at
the terminals ofthe source.
¢) Calculate the magnitude of the phase current in
the load,
1) Calculate the magnitude of the phase current in
the source
11.20 A balanced three-phase A-connected source is
shown in Fig. PL120.
a) Find the Y-connected equivalent circuit
b) Show that the Y-connected equivalent circuit
delivers the same open-circuit voltage as the
original A-connected source.
©) Apply an external short circuit to the terminals
‘A,B.and C. Use the A-connected source to find
the three line currents Iya, fun, and Kec
4) Repeat (c) but use the Y-equivalent source to
find the three line currents.
Figure P1120
279
a
4156 /120" V
C
11.21 The A-connected source of Problem 11.20 is con-
nected to a Y-connected load by means of a bal-
anced three-phase distribution line. The load impedance is 1910 ~ j636 /¢. and the line imped
ance is 9.1 + j71.5 2/¢.
a) Construct a single-phase equivalent circuit of
the system.
by) Determine the magnitude of the line voltage at
the Cerminals ofthe load.
©) Determine the magnitude of the phase current
inthe 4-sour
4) Determine the magnitude of the line voltage at
the terminals of the source
Section 11.5
11.22
11.28
11.26
In a balanced three-phase system, the source
has an abe sequence, is Y-connected, and
Van = 120/20° V. The source feeds two loads, both
of which are Y-connected. The impedance of load 1
is 8 + j6 9/6. The complex power for the a-phase
of load 2 is 600/36° VA. Find the total complex.
power supplied by the source,
A balanced three-phase source is supplying 60 kVA
at 0.6 lagging to two balanced Y-connected parallel
loads. The distribution line connecting the source to
the load has negligible impedance. Load 1 is purely
resistive and absorbs 30 kW. Find the per-phase
impedance of Load 2 ifthe line voltage is 1203 V
and the impedance components are in series
‘A three-phase positive sequence Y-connected,
source supplies 14 kVA with a power factor of 0.75
lagging to a parallel combination of a Y-connected
load and a A-connected load. The Y-connected load
uses 9 KVA at a power factor of 0.6 lagging and has.
aan a-phase current of 10/—30° A.
a) Find the complex power per phase of the
A-connected load.
bb) Find the magnitude of the line voltage.
‘The total apparent power supplied in a balanced
three-phase Y-A system is 4800 VA. The line volt-
age is 240 V. Ifthe line impedance is negligible and
the power factor angle of the load is ~50°, deter:
mine the impedance of the load.
Show that the total instantaneous power in a bal-
anced three-phase circuit is constant and equal to
15V ul COS8g, Where Vy, and Ty represent the
maximum amplitudes of the phase voltage and
phase current, respectively.
1127
11.28
1129
11,30
Problems 423
‘The three pieces of computer equipment described
below are installed as part of a computation center.
Each piece of equipment is a balanced three-phase
load rated at 208 V. Calculate (a) the magnitude of
the line current supplying these three devices and
(b) the power factor of the combined load.
+ Hard Drive: 4,864 kW at 0.79 pf lag
+ CDIDVD drive: 17.636 kVA at 0.96 pf lag
+ CPU: line current 73.8 A, 13.853 kVAR
Calculate the complex power in each phase of the
unbalanced load in Problem 11.18,
‘A balanced three-phase distribution line has an
impedance of 1 + j8 0/6. This line is used to sup-
ply three balanced three-phase loads that are con
nected in parallel. The three loads are
Ly = 120kVA at 0.96 pf lead, Ly = I80KVA at
0.80 pf lag, and Ls = 1008KW and 15.6 KVAR
(magnetizing). The magnitude of the line voltage at
the terminals ofthe loads is 2400V3 V.
4) What is the magnitude of the line voltage at the
sending end of the line?
»b) What isthe percent efficiency of the distribution
line with respect to average power?
The line-to-neutral voltage at the terminals of the
balanced three-phase load in the circuit shown in
Fig. P11.30 is 1200 V. At this voltage, the load is
absorbing S00 kVA at 0.96 pf lag.
8) Use Vay as the reference and express Ig in
polar form
b) Caleulate the complex power associated with
the ideal three-phase source.
©) Check that the (otal average power delivered
equals the total average power absorbed.
4) Check that the total magnetizing reactive power
delivered equals the total magnetizing reactive
power absorbed.
Figure P13.30
a oasa js
A
=/180.0 500 kVA
oysn j1sea
B
1 096 pf
1 lag
ose 14a | 426 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits
11.31 a) Find the rms magnitude and the phas
ree cq in the circuit shown in Fig. P1131.
b) What percent of the average power delivered by
the three-phase source is dissipated in the three-
phase load?
Figure P1131
po ais A
1365108 V 8550
740
c
4132, AL full toad, a commercially avattable 100 hp, mnree-
phase induction motor operates at an efficiency of
97% and a power factor of 0.88 lag. The motor is Sup
plied from a three-phase outlet with a line-voltage
rating of 208 V.
a) What is the magnitude of the line current drawn
from the 208 V outlet? (1 hp = 746 W.)
b) Calculate the reactive power supplied
the motor.
11.33 Three balanced three-phase loads are connected in
parallel. Load 1 is Y-connected with an impedance
of 400 + j300 9/6; load 2 is A-connected with an
of 2400 ~ 1800 0/; and load 3 is
1728 + j22032 KVA. The loads are fed from a dis
tribution line with an impedance of 2 + j16 0/4.
‘The magnitude of the line-to-neutral voltage at the
impedanc
load end of the line is 24V3 kV.
) Calculate the total complex power at the send:
ing end of the line,
b) What percentage of the average power at the
sending end of the line is delivered to the loads?
11.34 A three-phase line
0.1 + j08 0/6.
has an impedance
is Y-connected and has an impedance
15.36 ~ [4.48 2/¢. The line-to-neutral voltage at
the load end of the line is 4000 V. What is the
‘magnitude of the line voltage at the source end of
the line?
angle of
The line feeds two balanced
three-phase loads connected in parallel. The first
load is absorbing a total of 630 kW and absorbing
840 KVAR magnetizing vars. The second load
11.38
1137
11.38
‘A balanced three-phase load absorbs 96 KVA at a
lagging power factor of 0.8 when the line voltage at
The total power delivered to a balanced three-
phase load when operating at a line voltage of
24003 V is:720 kW at a lagging power factor of
0.8. The impedance of the distribution line sup-
plying the load is 08 + j64/¢. Under these
operating conditions, the drop in the magnitude
of the line voltage between the sending end and
the load end of the line is excessive. To compen-
sate, a bank of A-connected capacitors is placed
in parallel with the load. The capacitor bank is
designed to furnish 576 KVAR of magnetizing
reactive power when operated at a line voltage
of 2400V3 V.
) What is the magnitude of the voltage at the
sending end of the line when the load is operat-
ing at a line voltage of 2400V3 V and the capac-
itor bank is disconnected?
') Repeat (a) with the capacitor bank connected.
©) What is the average power efficiency of the line
in (a)?
d) What is the average power efficiency in (b)?
€) Ifthe system is operating ata frequency of 60 Hz,
‘what is the size of each capacitor in microfarads?
A balanced bank of delta-connected capacitors is
connected in parallel with the load described in
Assessment Problem 11.9. The effect is to place a
capacitor in parallel with the load in each phase,
‘The line voltage at the terminals of the load thus
remains at 2450 V. The circuit is operating at a fre-
quency of 60 Hz. The capacitors are adjusted so that
the magnitude of the line current feeding the paral-
Tel combination of the load and capacitor bank is at
its minimum,
a) What is the size of each capacitor in microfarads?
b) Repeat (a) for wye-connected capacitors.
©) What is the magnitude of the line current?
A balanced three-phase source is supplying 150 kVA
at 08 pf lead to two balanced Y-connected parallel
loads The distribution line connecting the source to
the load has negligible impedance. The power associ
ated with load 18 30 + j30KVA
4) Determine the types of components and their
impedances in each phase of load 2 if the line
voltage is2500-V3 V and the impedance compo-
nents are in series
bb) Repeat (2) with the impedance components in
parallel 11.39 The output of the balanced positive-sequence
three-phase source in Fig, P1I.39 is 41.6 kVA at a
lagging power factor of 0.707. The line voltage at
the source is 240 V.
8) Find the magnitude of the line voltage atthe load.
) Find the total complex power at the terminals of
the load.
Figure 11.39
| oo4a j0.03.0
Balanced — | 0040 70032 | — Balanced
three-phase three-phase|
source : Toad
0949 [0.030
Section 11.6
1140 Derive Eqs 11.56 and 11.57.
TAL In the balanced three-phase circuit shown in
Fig. PILL, the current coil of the wattmeter is con-
nected in line aA, and the potential coil of the
wattmeter is connected across lines b and c. Show
thatthe wattmeter reading multiplied by V3 equals
the total reactive power associated with the load.
The phase sequence is positive.
Problems 425
1143 The two wattmeters in Fig. 11.20 can be used to
compute the total reactive power of the load.
a) Prove this statement by showing that
V3(W2 — Wy) = V3V LI sin 8g
b) Compute the total reactive power from the
wattmeter readings for each of the loads in
Example 11.6, Check your computations by cal
culating the total reactive power directly from
{he given voltage and impedance.
11.44 The two.wattmoter method is used to measure the
power at the load end of the line in Example 11.1.
Calculate the reading of each wattmeter.
1145 ‘The watimeters in the circuit in Fig. 11.20 read as
follows: W, = 40,823.09 W, and W = 103,17691 W
The magnitude of the line voltage is 2400V3 V.
The phase sequence is positive. Find Z,,
11.46 a) Calculate the reading of each wattmeter in the
circuit shown in Fig. P1146, The value of Z,, is
40/30" 0.
b) Verify that the sum of the wattmeter readings
equals the total average power delivered to the
A-connected load.
Figure 711.46
Figure P11.61 S Zs
eocTTT1
: 13% }
1 © 1
\ ! = Zi
' i +) 2/120 V
1 c
be+ Zs N +
'
I {
' rt
\ i LAT The twoewattmeter method is used to measure
cot ! % the power delivered to the unbalanced load in
1.42 The line-to-neutral voltage in the circuit in
Fig. P11.41 is 680 V, the phase sequence is positive,
and the load impedance is 16 ~ j12 0/4.
) Calculate the wattmeter reading.
) Calculate the total reactive power associated
with the load,
Problem 11.18. The current coil of wattmeter 1 is
placed in line aA and that of wattmeter 2 is
placed in line bB.
a) Calculate the reading of wattmeter 1
b) Calculate the reading of wattmeter 2.
©) Show that the sum of the two wattmeter read-
ings equals the total power delivered to the
unbalanced load, 426 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits
11.48 a) Calculate the reading of each wattmeter in the
circuit. shown in Fig. P1148 when Z=
13.44 + 46.08.
'b) Check that the sum of the two wattmeter read:
ings equals the total power delivered to the load.
©) Check that V3(W, ~ W2) equals the total mag-
netizing vars delivered to the load.
Figure P11.48,
11.49 a) Calculate the complex power associated with
each phase of the balanced load in
Problem 11.17.
») If the two-wattmeter method is used to measure
the average power delivered to the load, specify
the reading of each meter.
11.50 a) Find the reading of each wattmeter in the circuit
shown in Fig. PISO if Zs = 20/30",
Zp, = 60 £0" Nand Ze = 40 /=30" 0.
') Show that the sum of the wattmeter readings
‘equals the total average power delivered to the
unbalanced three-phase load
Figure P11.50
*) 20/0 v
2a0/120° vi ~~
|
+) o/-ra0v |