Community

Development
Aspect of Housing
Ar/EnP Junar P. Tablan, PhD, uap, piep
AR174-1_Housing
1st Quarter AY 2020-2021
Mapua University
Definition_Community Development

 "a process where community members come together

to take collective action and generate solutions to
common problems.” (United Nations)
 a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic
leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to
improve various aspects of communities, typically
aiming to build stronger and more resilient local
communities.
Definition_Community Development

 "a practice-based profession and an academic

discipline that promotes participative democracy,
sustainable development, rights, economic opportunity,
equality and social justice, through the organization,
education and empowerment of people within their
communities, whether these be of locality, identity or
interest, in urban and rural settings” (International
Association for Community Development-IACD)
Definition_Community Development

 “both an occupation (such as a community

development worker in a local authority) and a way of
working with communities. Its key purpose is to build
communities based on justice, equality and mutual
respect” (Community Development Exchange:UK )
Definition_Community Development

 A set of values and practices which plays a special role

in overcoming poverty and disadvantage, knitting
society together at the grass roots and deepening
democracy (Community Development Challenge
Report : UK)
Purpose_Community Development

 to work with communities to achieve participative

democracy, sustainable development, rights, economic
opportunity, equality and social justice (IACD)
 To enhance the relationships between ordinary people
and people in positions of power, so that everyone can
take part in the issues that affect their lives
Purpose_Community Development

 to help build relationships with key people and

organizations and to identify common concerns
 To create opportunities for the community to learn new
skills and, by enabling people to act together, help to
foster social inclusion and equality
Purpose_Community Development

 to develop members’ capabilities and potentials to

affect their well- being and quality of life through
maximizing resources utilization to benefit them socially
and economically
Principle_Community Development

 within any community there is a wealth of knowledge

and experience which, if used in creative ways, can be
channeled into collective action to achieve the
communities' desired goals
Elements_Community Development

 1. community members’ well-being or welfare involving

both material sufficiency and non-economic aspects of
living such as health and education
 2. resource development, involving increased
production and efficiency
 3. organizational development, involving the
maintenance and creation of social and economic
structures through which members of the community
may channel their energies for the betterment of
community living
Community Development & Housing

 uses a locally-driven approach to empowering

communities that emphasizes affordable, safe housing
and regionally-based job and economic development
as key strategic elements for sustaining healthy
communities
Community Development & Housing

 Homelessness impacts low-income individuals' and

families' ability to find and maintain employment and
raise their children in a consistent, safe environment.
 Housing supports, such as rent subsidies and emergency
assistance to prevent eviction assist low-income
individuals and families in obtaining affordable housing
and paying rent and other bills on time to avoid eviction.
Community Development & Housing

 Place-based strategies are community-level

approaches to combat homelessness, improve self-
sufficiency, and increase the availability of jobs for low-
income individuals in communities.
Approaches_Community Development

 Community Engagement
focuses on relationships at the core of facilitating
"understanding and evaluation, involvement,
exchange of information and opinions, about a
concept, issue or project, with the aim of building
social capital and enhancing social outcomes
through decision-making”
Approaches_Community Development

 Women Self-help Group

focusing on the contribution of women in settlement
groups
Approaches_Community Development

 Community Capacity Building

focusing on helping communities obtain, strengthen,
and maintain the ability to set and achieve their own
development objectives
Approaches_Community Development

 Large Group Capacitation

an adult education and social psychology approach
grounded in the activity of the individual and the
social psychology of the large group focusing on
large groups of unemployed or semi-employed
participants, many of whom with Lower Levels of
Literacy (LLLs).
Approaches_Community Development

 Social Capital Formation

focusing on benefits derived from the cooperation
between individuals and groups.
Approaches_Community Development

 Non-Violent Direct Action

when a group of people take action to reveal an
existing problem, highlight an alternative, or
demonstrate a possible solution to a social issue
which is not being addressed through traditional
societal institutions (governments, religious
organizations or established trade unions) to the
satisfaction of the direct action participants.
Approaches_Community Development

 Economic Development
focusing on the "development" of developing
countries as measured by their economies, although
it includes the processes and policies by which a
nation improves the economic, political, and social
well-being of its people.
Approaches_Community Development

 Community Economic Development (CED)

an alternative to conventional economic
development which encourages using local
resources in a way that enhances economic
outcomes while improving social conditions. For
example, CED involves strategies which aim to
improve access to affordable housing, medical, and
child care
Approaches_Community Development

 Community Economic Development (CED)

A worker cooperative is a progressive CED strategy
that operates as businesses both managed and
owned by their employees.
They are beneficial due to their potential to create
jobs and providing a route for grassroots political
action. Some challenges that the worker cooperative
faces include the mending of the cooperative’s
identity as both business and as a democratic
humanitarian organization.
They are limited in resources and scale
Approaches_Community Development

 Sustainable Development
seeks to achieve, in a balanced manner, economic
development, social development and
environmental protection outcomes
Approaches_Community Development

 Community-Driven Development (CDD)

an economic development model which shifts
overreliance on central governments to local
communities.
Approaches_Community Development

 Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD)

a methodology that seeks to uncover and use the
strengths within communities as a means for
sustainable development
Approaches_Community Development

 Faith-Based Community Development

utilizes faith-based organizations to bring about
community development outcomes
Approaches_Community Development

 Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)

a partnership approach to research that equitably
involves, for example, community members,
organizational representatives, and researchers in all
aspects of the research process and in which all
partners contribute expertise and share decision
making and ownership, which aims to integrate this
knowledge with community development outcomes
Approaches_Community Development

 Community Organizing
an approach that generally assumes that social
change necessarily involves conflict and social
struggle in order to generate collective power for the
powerless.
Approaches_Community Development

 Participatory planning including Community-Based

Planning (CBP)
involving the entire community in the strategic and
management processes of urban planning; or,
community-level planning processes, urban or rural
Approaches_Community Development

 Town-Making or Machizukuri (まちづくり)

refers to a Japanese concept which is "an umbrella
term generally understood as citizen participation in
the planning and management of a living
environment".[18] It can include redevelopment,
revitalization, and post-disaster reconstruction, and
usually emphasizes the importance of local citizen
participation.
Approaches_Community Development

 Language Revitalization
focuses on the use of a language so that it serves the
needs of a community
this may involve the creation of books, films and other
media in the language
these actions help a small language community to
preserve their language and culture
Approaches_Community Development

 Community-Wide Empowerment
 Methodology focusing on the educational component of
community development that creates increased
educational opportunity
Approaches_Community Development

 Affordable Training and Access to Computers and the

Internet
 Methodologies addressing the issues and challenges of
the Digital divide
 addressing the marginalisation of local communities that
cannot connect and participate in the global Online
community.