Name:

__TEVES,
JONAHG.
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 Scor
e:_
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Sect
ion:
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_SW -21_
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_Ti
me/Day
:__
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__Dat
e:_
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__SEPT.27,
 2020_
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__

EXERCI
SE5
Col
lect
ionofDat
a

1.Di
ff
erent
iat
ethet
wot
ypesofst
ati
sti
cal
dat
aandgi
veexampl
e.

I
'
vel
ear
nedt
hat
,Dat
aty
pesar
eani
mpor
tantaspectofst
ati
sti
calanal
ysi
s,whi
ch
needst
obeunder
stoodt
ocor
rect
lyappl
yst
ati
sti
calmet
hodst
oourdat
a.Ther
ear
e2
mai
nty
pesofdat
a,namel
y;cat
egor
ical
dat
aandnumer
icaldat
a. 

Cat
egor
icaldat
aisat
ypeofdat
athatcanbest
oredi
ntogr
oupsorcat
egor
ieswi
tht
he
ai
d ofnames orl
abel
s.Thi
s gr
oupi
ng i
s usual
l
y made accor
ding t
othe dat
a
char
act
eri
sti
csandsi
mil
ari
ti
esoft
hesechar
act
eri
sti
cst
hroughamet
hodknownas
mat
chi
ng.

Forexampl
e, genderi
sacat
egor
icaldat
abecausei
tcanbecat
egor
izedi
ntomal
eand
f
emal
eaccor
dingt
osomeuni
quequal
i
tiespossessedbyeachgender
. 

Ther
ear
e2mai
nty
pesofcat
egor
ical
dat
a,namel
y;nomi
naldat
aandor
dinaldat
a. 
Nomi
naldat
a.Thi
sist
hedat
aty
peofcat
egor
ical
dat
athatnamesorl
abel
s.Somet
imes
cal
l
ednami
ngdat
a,i
thaschar
act
eri
sti
cssi
mil
art
othatofanoun.
 

Exampl
es:Nameofaper
son,
 gender
,school
graduat
esf
rom,
 et
c.

Or
dinaldat
a.Thi
sty
peofcat
egor
ical
dat
aincl
udesel
ement
sthatar
eranked,
order
edor
hav
ear
ati
ngscal
eat
tached.Onecancountandor
der
,nomi
naldat
a, buti
tcannotbe
measur
ed.
 
Forexampl
e,supposeagr
oupofSoci
alWor
kmaj
orst
udent
sofUdM,wer
easkedt
o
t
ast
ethev
ari
eti
esofaf
oodst
all
'
snewmenuonar
ati
ngscal
eof1t
o5.Wi
theachl
evel
ont
her
ati
ngscal
erepr
esent
ingst
rongl
ydi
sli
ke,
disl
i
ke,
neut
ral
,l
ike,
str
ongl
yli
ke.I
nthi
s
case,ar
ati
ngof5i
ndi
cat
esmor
eenj
oymentt
hanar
ati
ngof4,maki
ngt
hedat
a- 
or
dinal
.

Numer
icaldat
aisat
ypeofdat
athati
sexpr
essedi
nter
msofnumber
srat
her
t
hannat
urall
anguagedescr
ipt
ions.Si
mil
art
oit
sname,numer
ical
,i
tcanonl
ybe
col
l
ect
edi
nnumberf
orm.Al
soknownasquant
it
ati
vedat
a,t
hisnumer
icaldat
a
t
ypecanbeusedasaf
orm ofmeasur
ement
,suchasaper
son’
shei
ght
,wei
ght
,
I
Q,et
c.

Ther
ear
e2t
ypesofnumer
ical
dat
a, namel
y;di
scr
etedat
aandcont
inuousdat
a. 

Di
scr
etedat
a i
sat
ypeofnumer
icaldat
awi
thcount
abl
eel
ement
s.I
.e.t
heyhav
eaone
t
oonemappi
ngwi
thnat
uralnumber
s.Adi
scr
etedat
acanei
therbecount
abl
efi
nit
eor
count
abl
einf
ini
te.Some gener
alexampl
es ofdi
scr
ete dat
a ar
e;age,numberof
st
udent
sinacl
ass,
numberofcandi
dat
esi
nanel
ect
ion,
etc.
 

Cont
inuousi
sanumer
icaldat
aty
pewi
thuncount
abl
eel
ement
s.Theyar
erepr
esent
ed
asasetofi
nter
val
sonar
ealnumberl
i
ne.Si
mil
art
odi
scr
etedat
a,cont
inuousdat
acan
al
sobeei
therf
ini
teori
nfi
nit
e.Cont
inuousdat
acanbef
urt
herdi
vi
dedi
ntoi
nter
valdat
a
andr
ati
odat
a.Someexampl
esofcont
inuousdat
aar
e;st
udent
'sgwa,
hei
ght
,et
c. 

2.Di
ff
erent
iat
ePr
imar
yandSecondar
ysour
ces.

Pr
imar
ysour
cespr
ovi
deaf
ir
st-
handaccountofanev
entort
imeper
iodandar
e
consi
der
ed t
o be aut
hor
it
ati
ve.Theyr
epr
esentor
igi
nalt
hinki
ng,r
epor
ts on
di
scov
eri
esorev
ent
s,ort
heycanshar
enewi
nfor
mat
ion.
Exampl
esofpr
imar
yresour
cesi
ncl
ude:

 di
ari
es

 or
igi
nal
document
se.
g.bi
rt
hcer
ti
fi
cat
es,

  
tr
ial
transcr
ipt
s

 bi
ogr
aphi
es&et
c.

Secondar
ysour
cesof
ferananal
ysi
s,i
nter
pret
ati
onorar
est
atementofpr
imar
y
sour
cesandar
econsi
der
edt
obeper
suasi
ve.Theyof
teni
nvol
vegener
ali
zat
ion,
sy
nthesi
s,i
nter
pret
ati
on,
comment
aryorev
aluat
ioni
nanat
temptt
oconv
incet
he
r
eaderoft
hecr
eat
or'
sar
gument
.Theyof
tenat
temptt
odescr
ibeorexpl
ain
pr
imar
ysour
ces.

Exampl
esofsecondar
ysour
cesi
ncl
ude:

 j
our
nal
art
icl
est
hatcommentonoranal
yzer
esear
ch

 t
ext
books

 di
cti
onar
ies

 bookst
hati
nter
pret
,anal
yze

 cr
it
ici
sm ofl
i
ter
atur
e,ar
twor
ksormusi
c&et
c.

3.Expl
aineachofdi
ff
erentmet
hodsi
ncol
l
ect
ingdat
aforf
urt
hercl
ari
fi
cat
iongi
ve
exampl
es.
 
Pr
imar
ydat
ais 
dat
athati
scol
lect
edbyar
esear
cherf
rom f
ir
st-
handsour
ces,
usi
ngmet
hodsl
i
kesur
vey
s,i
nter
views,
orexper
iment
s.I
tiscol
l
ect
edwi
tht
her
esear
ch
pr
ojecti
nmi
nd,di
rect
lyf
rom pr
imar
ysour
ces.Secondar
ydat
aisdat
agat
her
edf
rom
st
udi
es,sur
vey
s,orexper
iment
sthathav
ebeen r
un byot
herpeopl
eorf
orot
her
r
esear
ch.