Scribd
Upload
85 views6 pages

Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding: Fig. 1 Schematic Showing Key Components and

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, was developed in the 1930s to weld magnesium. It uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert gas to create a high temperature arc between the electrode and workpiece, reaching over 2500°C. The inert gas shields the weld from contamination. GTAW can weld nearly all metals including stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, and reactive metals. It produces high quality, low distortion welds but is less economical than other processes for thicker materials.

Uploaded by

rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
85 views6 pages

Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding: Fig. 1 Schematic Showing Key Components and

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, was developed in the 1930s to weld magnesium. It uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert gas to create a high temperature arc between the electrode and workpiece, reaching over 2500°C. The inert gas shields the weld from contamination. GTAW can weld nearly all metals including stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, and reactive metals. It produces high quality, low distortion welds but is less economical than other processes for thicker materials.

Uploaded by

rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding

GAS-TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW), also known as tungsten


inert gas (TIG), and tungsten arc welding, was developed in the late 1930s
when a need to weld magnesium became apparent.Welding process using
the inert gas helium and a tungsten electrode to fuse magnesium. This
joining method replaced riveting as a method of building aircraft with
aluminum and magnesium components.
The melting temperature necessary to weld materials in the GTAW process
is obtained by maintaining an arc between a tungsten alloy electrode and
the workpiece (Fig. 1). Weld pool temperatures can approach 2500 °C
(4530 °F). An inert gas keeps the arc and protects the molten metal from
atmospheric contamination. The inert gas is normally argon, helium, or a
mixture of helium and argon.

FIG. 1 SCHEMATIC SHOWING KEY COMPONENTS AND


PARAMETERS OF THE GTAW PROCESS.

Applications
Gas-tungsten arc welding is used extensively for welding stainless steel,
aluminum, magnesium, copper, and reactive materials (for example,
titanium and tantalum). The process can also be used to join carbon and
alloy steels. The materials welded range from a few thousandths of an inch
to several inches in thickness.

1
Advantages and Limitations

Advantages of GTAW include:-

· Produced high-quality, Low-distortion welds.

· FREE OF THE SPATTER ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER METHODS

· CAN BE USED WITH OR WITHOUT FILLER WIRE

· CAN BE USED WITH A RANGE OF POWER SUPPLIES

· WELDS ALMOST ALL METALS, INCLUDING DISSIMILAR ONES

· GIVES PRECISE CONTROL OF WELDING HEAT

· PRODUCES LOWER DEPOSITION RATES THAN CONSUMABLE


ELECTRODE ARC WELDING PROCESSES

· LESS ECONOMICAL THAN CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ARC


WELDING FOR THICK SECTIONS GREATER THAN 9.5 mm.

Additional problems with the process may include:

· TUNGSTEN INCLUSIONS IF THE ELECTRODE IS ALLOWED TO


CONTACT THE WELD POOL

· CONTAMINATION OF THE WELD METAL, IF THE GOOD


SHIELDING OF THE FILLER METAL BY THE GAS STREAM IS
NOT MAINTAINED

· CONTAMINATION OR POROSITY, CAUSED BY COOLANT


LEAKAGE FROM WATERCOOLED TORCHES

· ARC BLOW OR ARC DEFLECTION, AS WITH OTHER PROCESSES

Note:- Electrodes. The nonconsumable electrodes used in GTAW are


composed of tungsten or alloys of tungsten.
1- The most common electrode is a 2% ThO2-W alloy (EWTh-2).
2- Lanthaniated (EWLa-1) (LANTHANUM LA2O3) and yttriated
tungsten electrodes.

2
3- Ceriated tungsten (EWCe-2) CERIUM CEO2.
4- Alloys of zirconium.

Note:- The shape of the electrode tip can affect the resulting weld shape.
Electrodes with included angles from 60 to 120° are stable and give good
weld penetration depth-to-width ratios. Electrodes with smaller included
angles (5 to 30°) are used for grooved weld joints.

Gas-Metal Arc Welding


GAS-METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW) is an arc welding process that
joins metals together by heating them with an electric arc that is
established between a consumable electrode (wire) and the workpiece. An
externally supplied gas or gas mixture acts to shield the arc and molten
weld pool.
Although the basic GMAW concept was introduced in the 1920s, it was
not commercially available until 1948. At first, it was considered to be
fundamentally a high-current-density, small-diameter, bare-metal electrode
process using an inert gas for arc shielding. Its primary application was
aluminum welding. As a result, it became known as metal-inert gas (MIG)
welding.
Subsequent process developments included operation at low current
densities and pulsed direct current, application to a broader range of
materials, and the use of reactive gases (particularly carbon dioxide) and
gas mixtures. The latter development, in which both inert and reactive
gases are used, led to the formal acceptance of the term gas-metal arc
welding.

Metals, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and nickel
alloys can be welded by this process.

Advantages:-
· WELDING CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED IN ALL POSITIONS, WHEN
THE PROPER PARAMETERS ARE USED, A FEATURE NOT FOUND
IN SUBMERGED ARC WELDING.

3
· WELDING SPEEDS ARE HIGHER THAN THOSE OF THE SMAW
(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) PROCESS.
· DEPOSITION RATES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN
THOSE OBTAINED BY THE SMAW PROCESS.
· CONTINUOUS WIRE FEED ENABLES LONG WELDS TO BE
DEPOSITED WITHOUT STOPS AND STARTS.
· PENETRATION THAT IS DEEPER THAN THAT OF THE SMAW
PROCESS.
· LESS OPERATOR SKILL IS REQUIRED THAN FOR OTHER
CONVENTIONAL PROCESSES.
· MINIMAL POSTWELD CLEANING IS REQUIRED BECAUSE OF
THE ABSENCE OF A HEAVY SLAG.

Limitations

· THE WELDING EQUIPMENT IS MORE COMPLEX, USUALLY


MORE COSTLY.

· THE PROCESS IS MORE DIFFICULT TO APPLY IN HARD-TO-


REACH PLACES BECAUSE THE WELDING GUN IS LARGER THAN
A SMAW HOLDER AND MUST BE HELD CLOSE TO THE JOINT
(WITHIN 10 TO 19 MM ) TO ENSURE THAT THE WELD METAL IS
PROPERLY SHIELDED.

· RELATIVELY HIGH LEVELS OF RADIATED HEAT.

Process Fundamentals

In the GMAW process (Fig. 2), an arc is established between a


continuously fed electrode of filler metal and the workpiece. After proper
settings are made by the operator, the arc length is maintained at the set
value, despite the reasonable changes that would be expected in the gun-to-
work distance during normal operation. This automatic arc regulation is
achieved in one of two ways. The most common method is to utilize a
constant-speed (but adjustable) electrode feed unit with a variable-current
(constant-voltage) power source. As the gun-to-work relationship changes,
which instantaneously alters the arc length, the power source delivers
either more current (if the arc length is decreased) or less current (if the arc

4
length is increased). This change in current will cause a corresponding
change in the electrode melt-off rate, thus maintaining the desired arc
length.
The second method of arc regulation utilizes a constant-current power
source and a variable-speed, voltage-sensing electrode feeder. In this case,
as the arc length changes, there is a corresponding change in the voltage
across the arc. As this voltage change is detected, the speed of the
electrode feed unit will change to provide either more or less electrode
per unit of time. This method of regulation is usually limited to larger
electrodes with lower feed speeds.

Electrodes
LOW-CARBON STEEL
STAINLESS STEEL
ALUMINUM
SILICON BRONZE

5
FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC OF GMAW PROCESS

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy