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Paper-2: Redox

1. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. 2. One reactant gets oxidized by losing electrons while the other gets reduced by gaining electrons. 3. Common oxidizing agents are bromine, chlorine, nitric acid and oxygen. Common reducing agents include hydrogen, carbon monoxide and metals.

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81 views5 pages

Paper-2: Redox

1. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. 2. One reactant gets oxidized by losing electrons while the other gets reduced by gaining electrons. 3. Common oxidizing agents are bromine, chlorine, nitric acid and oxygen. Common reducing agents include hydrogen, carbon monoxide and metals.

Uploaded by

AbdulBasitBilalSheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PAPER-2

REDOX
 NOTES
There are two types of reactions:

The examiner may ask you the oxidation number of the


compound. 

First, let’s learn the basic rules of finding the oxidation


number:

1. The atoms present in its element form have 0 oxidation


number. Such as O2 or S. 
2. For the mono-atomic ions, their ionic charge is their
oxidation number. 
Such as in NaCl, Na+, and Cl- 
3. The formula unit of a compound has an oxidation number
of 0.
4. Some compounds have a variable oxidation number in
different compounds.
For example, iron in its free form is 0

While, when it forms a compound with chlorine; FeCl2 its


oxidation number is +2, and FeCl3 its oxidation number is +3 

5. The oxidation numbers of some of the groups are


mentioned below:

Group (I): +1 


Group (II): +2 
Group (VI): -1 

Hydrogen: +1 with non-metals


                      -1 with metals and boron

Oxygen:      -1 in peroxides 
                      -2 in all other compounds except fluorine

Q1: Determination of the oxidation number of carbon in CaCO 3(s)

Ca= +2,  O= -2 à O3= 3x(-2)= -6

Solution:
As the oxidation number of the whole compound should be
equals to 0, hence, 
+2 + C + (-6) = 0
C = 0 – (+2) – (-6) = +4

Redox Reaction:

A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction take place


side by side is a redox reaction.
Source: https://brainly.in/question/1215610

> An oxidized substance becomes a reducing agent for the


substance that is being reduced.
> A reduced substance becomes an oxidizing agent for the
substance that is being oxidized.

In the example above:


Methane is the reducing agent.

Oxygen is the oxidizing agent. It has a decrease in its


oxidation number, but it has oxidized hydrogen.

It can also be seen that neither carbon nor hydrogen faces


change in their oxidation number. However, because
hydrogen and carbon both have formed bonds with oxygen,
we say that they are being oxidized. 

On the other hand, the oxygen, which initially had 0 oxidation


number as it is a molecule, when binds with hydrogen and
carbon, its oxidation number decreases. This shows that
oxygen is being reduced. 

A list of oxidizing and reducing agents:

Bromine
Chlorine 
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Nitric acid
Oxygen
Potassium manganate (VII)
Potassium di-chromate (VI)
Hydrogen peroxide

• The examiner may give you a reaction in which you will be


asked to tell which reactants are acting as reducing and
oxidizing agents. Such example is mentioned below:

H2 + F2 à2HF

Example:  In the reaction above, which reagent is the


reducing agent, and which one is the oxidizing agent?

Answer. H2 is being oxidized, and it is reducing F2, which


makes it a reducing agent.
               F2 is being reduced, and it is oxidizing H2, which
makes it an oxidizing agent.

• Test to check the Oxidizing Agents:

1. Potassium dichromate VI changes from orange to green


precipitates.
2. Potassium manganate VII changes from purple to
colorless.
3. Chlorine oxidizes the lesser reactive elements such as
Iodine and bromine in a displacement reaction. The color of
chlorine changes from green-yellow to colorless. 

• Test to check the Reducing Agents:

1. Potassium iodide which changes color from colorless to


brown
2. Carbon monoxide which reduces metal oxide to metal in
the heat
3. Hydrogen reduces copper(II) oxide to copper 
4. Sulfur dioxide is used as a bleach and in the preservation
5. Metals displace less reactive metals.

> There are other types of reactions besides redox reactions


too. For example:

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