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Water Its Properties and Purifications

The document describes an experiment to purify water using simple filtration methods. Students will construct a water purification device using a plastic bottle and various filtering materials like gravel, sand, charcoal and cotton balls. They will run dirty water through three different filtration setups (A, B, C) and test the purified water for color, odor and clarity. The goal is for students to understand how different materials remove physical and chemical contaminants from water and produce the cleanest water possible.

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Kent Lewis Gornez
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196 views5 pages

Water Its Properties and Purifications

The document describes an experiment to purify water using simple filtration methods. Students will construct a water purification device using a plastic bottle and various filtering materials like gravel, sand, charcoal and cotton balls. They will run dirty water through three different filtration setups (A, B, C) and test the purified water for color, odor and clarity. The goal is for students to understand how different materials remove physical and chemical contaminants from water and produce the cleanest water possible.

Uploaded by

Kent Lewis Gornez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 4

SIMPLE WATER PURIFICATION

Water is Earth’s most precious resource. All living things needs water to survive.
Humans being drink eight to ten glasses of fresh water each day to stay healthy and
hydrated. In addition, all residence needs water for bathing, washing, and cooking. Large
amounts of water are also necessary for energy production, as well as for growing the
crops, fruits, vegetables, and animals needs. The Earth is abundant of water, 71% is
covered by water and 99% of Earth water is not fitted for drinking. Out of all of Earth’s
available water, only 0.62% is ground water. This is the reason that drinking water is
scare. With the increasing population, the need to conserve and purifying water is
desperately needed.
In this activity, you will construct a device that will help you “purify” dirty water. It
will guide you how to construct an assembly and design it to remove Physical and some
chemical contaminants and including ions except for bacteria. One way of eliminating
bacteria is to disinfect contaminated water is thru Chlorination.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this activity, the students will be able to:
1. Comprehend the properties of materials and its function in water purification.
2. Identify which Filtration set-up is more effective in purifying water.
3. Determine if the water is clean by simple test.

II. Theoretical Concepts

A. Purification Methods
You will use a variety of methods to purify your water sample. You should
consider the order in which you will perform these steps in your filtration column.

1. Filtration
Filtration is the simplest and oldest form of water purification. The filtering
materials are readily available around us. The process could help remove solid
impurities suspended in water that make it unclean. In this experiment You will use
three different types of materials to filtering your water sample.

2. Chemical adsorption
In general water sources are often contaminated with chemicals from industrial
waste, agricultural waste, acid rain and others. These contains gas or liquid
molecules and ions that could be detrimental to human health. This gas molecules
or solutions could not be removed by filtration nor precipitation. One of the best
methods of achieving this is using activated carbon or charcoal. Every granule of
activated carbon has an immense surface area compared to its volume and can
adsorb (adhere) to chemicals through van der Waals dispersion forces.

II. Assessment of the Purification Process

For water to be considered drinkable, it must pass mandatory Chemical, Physical and
Microbial testing as Mandated by the Philippines National Standard for Drinking Water
(PNSDW). In this activity you will perform some tests on your water sample to determine
its purity for simple demonstration purposes only. Note never taste the water used in this
experiment.

1. Color
Water is colorless. The purified water must not exhibit Tyndall effect.
2. Odor
One of the physical properties of water is odorless. It must not have any smell.

3. Tyndall Effect
This is a is light scattering by fine particles suspended in water. The student may
use a flashlight to check the presence of fine solid in filtered water. A clean water
does not exhibit Tyndall effect. 

Materials

One clear 1.5-L plastic (soda) 5 cup distilled/Clean water


bottle Stirring rod
Cheesecloth /Sackcloth (flour) Measuring cup
Two cups each of the following Stand with hole (to support the
filtration materials: gravel, sand, set up)
charcoal, marbles, cotton balls Flashlight
Rubber bands / string Ruler
Dirty water
SAFETY
 Note never taste the water used in this experiment.

III. Procedure

A. First Trial.

1. Select four filtering materials.


2. Prepare/improvise a stand with ring to support the 1.5 cola bottle set-up for
filtration.
3. Using a scissor/knife, cut the bottom of 1.5 cola bottle. Discard the bottom.
4. Place the 1.5 L bottle upside down on the ring- stand set-up with its mouth over
the measuring cup to catch the filtered water.
5. Select and decide from the prepared materials on the order in which to layer
your material. Choose four materials.
6. Fill the bottle with two cups of the first filtering material, using a spatula make
sure it is flattened and have an even surface. Place another 2 cups of the
second filtering material on top of the first material and continue until all the four
materials are assembled in the plastic bottle. (Label this as set-up A)
7. Feed a clean water through your filtering system. Continue running water until
the filtrate is clear.
8. Draw and label your diagram to match your filtration system.
9. Get two cups of clean water. Observe the properties before you filter it. Collect
and record data.
a. Use wafting technique to smell the water.
b. Use stirring/wooden stick to mix the water.
10. Take 2 cups of unclean water. Observe its properties before you filter.
a. Use wafting technique to smell the water.
b. Use stirring/wooden stick to mix the water.
11. Pour the unclean water into the filtering system. Observe its properties after it
has been filtered.
a. Count the number of drops per minute. Continue counting for 3 minutes.
b. Measure the total volume of the filtered water using measuring cup.
c. Use a flashlight to observe Tyndall effect.
12. Discard the material in the open pit for recyclable materials. Never Dispose in the
sink.
B. Using the same procedure use replace the filtrating materials, using different
material (You may use the same materials but make sure you must interchange the
position/ layer). You will make another two trials and label this as set-up B and C,

Assessment:
A. Data sheet (30%)
B. Laboratory result. (70%)
a. 20% of the grade, based on quantity of purified water collected
b. 80% of the grade, based on the quality of purified water collected

Reference:
Chemistry 3012 Foundational Chemistry Laboratory Manual (n.d.) Retrieve from https://
https://studylib.net/doc/8522775/labs%20August%2013

Activity

SIMPLE WATER PURIFICATION


DATA SHEET

Name of Teacher: ______________________________ Score: _____________


Name of School: _____________________________ Date: _____________
A. Filtration Set-up (5 pts)

B. Properties of Water (5 pts)

Clean Gray
Parameter
Water Water
BEFORE Filtration:
Color
Odor
AFTER Filtration:
Color
Odor
Tyndall Effect (yes/no)
Precipitation (yes/no)

C. Quantity of Filtered Water


Time (mins) No. Of Drops
1
2
3
Total Volume (mL)

Questions:
1. Identify the materials in the filtration system and their respective functions?

2. What is the function of charcoal / activated charcoal? Explain.

3. What material would you use to separate coarse impurities? Explain.

4. Identify which Filtration set-up is more effective in producing good quality and
quantity purified water? Explain.

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