INTRODUCTION

ESTIMATE: An estimate is the anticipated or probable cost of work and is usually prepared before the construction is taken up. It is indeed calculations or
computations of various items of an engineering work.

QUANTITY SURVEY: It is the schedule of all items of work in a building. These quantities are calculated from the drawing of the building. Thus quantity
survey gives quantities of work done in case of each items, when priced gives the total cost. In short, quantity survey means calculations of quantities of materials
required to complete the work concerned

SPECIFICATIONS :Detailed specifications gives the nature, quality and class of work, materials to be used in the various parts of work , quality of the material,
their proportions, method of preparation, workmanship and description of execution of work are required.

RATES: The rates of various items of works, materials to be used in the construction and the wages of different categories of labor (skilled and unskilled) should
be available for preparing an estimate. The cost of transportation charges should also be known. As far as possible sanctioned “Schedule of Rates” shall be
followed or the rates may be worked out by the “Analysis of Rates” method.

SITE PLAN: It is the plan drawn for a particular construction showing its position with respect to approaching roads, main bazars, markets and other permanent
features in a populated area. It shows the location of the area under construction with respect to the other areas and on it generally the names of the owners of
areas or property holders adjoining to it are also denoted. North line is also clearly marked on it.

LINE PLAN: Line plan can be defined as the plan of a particular construction simply showing main features with the help of the single lines of different portions
of the constructions. Details of constructions are not generally shown on this plan. This inside and outside dimensions shown on this plan should necessarily be
corresponding to actual dimensions.

INDEX PLAN :This is the plan of a particular colony showing the positions of different houses in single lines their number if any position of roads, schools,
market, hospitals and other features etc. this plan is generally fixed on the entrance, or at exit or in the central place of the colony, for the guidance of the
inhabitants and outsiders.

Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing the variousquantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work orproject. In case
the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work isdone in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the following requirementare necessary
for preparing an estimate.
1. Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.

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2. Detailed specifications about workmanship& properties of materials etc.

3. Standard schedule of rates of the current year.

UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature, shape and size and for making payments to the contractor and also. The principle of units of
measurements normally consists the following:
a) Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., is expressed in numbers.
b) Works consists linear measurements involve length like cornice, fencing, hand rail, bands of specified width etc., are expressed in running meters (RM)
c) Works consists areal surface measurements involve area like plastering, white washing, partitions of specified thickness etc., and are expressed in square
Meters (m2)
d) Works consists cubical contents which involve volume like earth work, cement concrete, Masonry etc are expressed in Cubic metres

RULES FOR MEASUREMENT

The rules for measurement of each item are invariably described in IS- 1200. However some of the general rules are listed below.

1. Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and description of each item shall include materials, transport, labor, fabrication tools and plant and all
types of overheads for finishing the work in required shape, size and specification.
2. In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, breadth and height or thickness.
3. All works shall be measured subject to the following tolerances.

I. linear measurement shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m. II. Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 sq.m III. Cubic contents shall be worked-out to
the nearest 0.01 cum
4. Same type of work under different conditions and nature shall be measured separatelyunder separate items.
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5. The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials, proportions, workmanships and accurately represent the work to be executed.
6. In case of masonry (stone or brick) or structural concrete, the categories shall be measured separately and the heights shall be described:
a) From foundation to plinth level
b) From plinth level to first floor level
c) From Fist floor to second floor level and so on.

REQUIREMENTS OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING

1. Estimate gives an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be determined i.e. whether the project could be taken up with in the funds available
or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available or not.

PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF ESTIMATING.

Estimating involves the following operations
1. Preparing detailed Estimate.
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate

DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
1. Drawings i.e. plans, elevations, sections etc.
2. Specifications.
3. Rates.

If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the preparation of estimation become very difficult. So, it is very essential before preparing an
estimate.

SPECIFICATIONS
General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and materials in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no form a general
idea of building.

Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the various items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions,
the method of preparation workmanship and execution of work.

RATES
For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are required.
1. for arriving at the unit rates of each item.
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.
3. The cost of transport materials.
4. The wages of labor, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters, Amador, etc.,

COMPLETE ESTIMATE
Most of people think that the estimate of a structure includes cost of land, cost of materials and labor, but many other direct and indirect costs included and are
shown below. L.S.Items.
The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate.
1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements.

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2. Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
3. Architectural features.
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items.

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE

a) Plinth area method
b) Cubical contents methods
c) Unit base method.
a) Plinth area method: The cost of construction is determined by multiplying plinth area with plinth area rate. The area is obtained by multiplying length and
breadth (outer dimensions of building). In fixing the plinth area rate, careful observation and necessary enquiries are made in respect of quality and quantity
aspect of materials and labour, type of foundation, height of building, roof, wood work, fixtures, number of storeys etc.,
As per IS 3861-1966, the following areas include while calculating the plinth area of building.
a) Area of walls at floor level.
b) Internal shafts of sanitary installations not exceeding 2.0m2, lifts, air-conditioning ducts etc.,

c) Area of barsati at terrace level: Barsati means any covered space open on one side constructed on one side constructed on terraced roof which is used as shelter
during rainy season.
d) Porches of non-cantilever type.

Areas which are not to include

a) Area of lofts.
b) Unenclosed balconies.
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c) Architectural bands, cornices etc.,
d) Domes, towers projecting above terrace level.
e) Box louvers and vertical sun breakers.

b) Cubical Contents Method: This method is generally used for multistoried buildings. It is more accurate that the other two methods viz., plinth area method
and unit base method. The cost of a structure is calculated approximately as the total cubical contents (Volume of buildings) multiplied by Local Cubic Rate. The
volume of building is obtained by Length x breadth x depth or height. The length and breadth are measured out to out of walls excluding the plinth off set. The
cost of string course, cornice, corbelling etc., is neglected. The cost of building= volume of buildings x rate/ unit volume.

c) Unit Base Method: According to this method the cost of structure is determined by multiplying the total number of units with unit rate of each item. In case
schools and colleges, the unit considered to be as 'one student' and in case of hospital, the unit is 'one bed'. The unit rate is calculated by dividing the actual
expenditure incurred or cost of similar building in the nearby locality by the number of units.

FACTORS TO BE CONSISDERED WHILE PREPARING DETAILED ESTIMATE

i) Quantity and transportation of materials:
For bigger project, the requirement of materials is more. Such bulk volume of materials will be purchased and transported definitely at cheaper rate.

ii) Location of site:

The site of work is selected, such that it should reduce damage or in transit during loading, unloading, stocking of materials.

iii) Local labor charges:

The skill, suitability and wages of local labors are considered while preparing the detailed estimate.

DATA
The process of working out the cost or rate per unit of each item is called as Data. In preparation of Data, the rates of materials and labor are obtained from current
standard scheduled of rates and while the quantities of materials and labor required for one unit of item are taken from Standard Data Book.

FIXING OF RATE PER UNIT OF AN ITEM

The rate per unit of an item includes the following:
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1) Quantity of materials & cost:
The requirement of materials is taken strictly in accordance with standard data book (S.D.B). The cost of these includes first cost, freight, insurance and
transportation charges.

2) Cost of labour:
The exact number of labourers required for unit of work and the multiplied by the wages/ day to get of labour for unit item work.

3) Cost of equipment (T&P):

Some works need special type of equipment, tools and plant. In such case, an amount of 1 to 2% of estimated cost is provided.

4) Overhead charges:
To meet expenses of office rent, depreciation of equipment salaries of staff postage, lighting an amount of 4% of estimate cost is allocated.

METHODS OF TAKING OUT QUANTITIES

The quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinth and super structure etc., can be workout by any of following two methods:
a) Long wall - short wall method
b) Centre line method.
c) Partly Centre line and short wall method.

a) Long wall-short wall method: In this method, the wall along the length of room is considered to be long wall while the wall perpendicular to long wall is
said to be short wall. To get the length of long wall or short wall, calculate first the Centre line lengths of individual walls. Then the length of long wall, (out
to out) may be calculated after adding half breadth at each end to its Centre line length. Thus the length of short wall measured into in and may be found by
deducting half breadth from its Centre line length at each end. The length of long wall usually decreases from earth work to brick work in super structure
while the short wall increases. These lengths are multiplied by breadth and depth to get quantities.
b) Centre line method: This method is suitable for walls of similar cross sections. Here the total Centre line length is multiplied by breadth and depth of respective
item to get the total quantity at a time. When cross walls or partitions or verandah walls (20cm thick wall) join with main wall (30cm thick wall), the Centre
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
line length gets reduced by half of breadth for each junction. Such junction or joints are studied carefully while calculating total Centre line length. The
estimates prepared by this method are most accurate and quick.

c) Partly Centre line and partly cross wall method: This method is adopted when external (i.e., all-round the building) wall is of one thickness and the internal
walls having different thicknesses. In such cases, Centre line method is applied to external walls and long wall-short wall method is used to internal walls.
This method suits for different thicknesses walls and different level of foundations. Because of this reason, all Engineering departments are practicing this method.

DETAILS OF MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES

The complete work is divided into various items of work such as earth work, concreting, brick work, R.C.C. Plastering etc., the details of measurements are taken
from drawings and entered in respective columns of prescribed proforma. The quantities are calculated by multiplying the values that are in numbers column to
Depth column as shown below:

(i) Details of measurements form

S.No. Description/Particulars No Length (L) in Breadth (B) in Depth/ Height Quantity Explanatory Notes
‘m’ ‘m’ (D/H) in ‘m’
1
2
3
4

ii) Abstract of Estimated Cost:

Item Description/ Particulars Quantity Unit Rate Amount

No.

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 2
3

PROBLEMS:
1. Figure shows the plan and cross section for a wall 5metres in length. Prepare quantity estimate for the following items.

(i) Earthwork in excavation in foundation.

(ii) Lime concrete (1:4:8) in foundation
(iii) 1st Class brickwork in 1:4 in foundation and plinth.
(iv) 1st Class brickwork 1:6 in superstructure wall
(v) 2.5cm thick DPC

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 SI. Description of Item No Unit Length Breadth Depth/ Quantity Explanatory Notes
No. (L) in (B) in Height (D/H)
‘m’ ‘m’ in ‘m’

1 Earthwork in excavation in 1 m3 5 0.70 0.90 3.15 From Plan 5m Length, c/s 0.70
foundation. breadth and Depth upto GL from
C/s its 0.90
2 Lime concrete (1:4:8) in 1 m3 5 0.70 0.20 0.70 From Plan 5m Length, c/s 0.70
foundation breadth and Depth from C/s its 0.20
st
3 1 Class brickwork in 1:4 in
foundation and plinth.
(i) 1st Footing 1 m3 5 0.50 0.20 0.50

(ii)2nd Footing 1 m3 5 0.40 0.20 0.40

(iii)plinth wall 1 m3 5 0.30 0.90 1.35

2.25
4 1st Class brickwork 1:6 in 1 m3 5 0.20 3.5 3.50
superstructure wall
5 2.5cm thick DPC 1 Sqm 5 0.30 - 1.00

2. Figure represents the plan of superstructure wall of a single room building of 5m x 4m and sections represent the cross-sections of the walls with foundation.
Estimate the quantities of
(i) Earthwork in excavation in foundation
(ii) Concrete in Foundation
(iii) Brickwork in foundation and plinth
(iv) Brickwork in Superstructure

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DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 SI. Description of Item No Unit Length Breadth (B) Depth/ Height Quantity Explanatory Notes
No. (L) in ‘m’ in ‘m’ (D/H) in ‘m’

1 Earthwork in excavation in
foundation

(i) Long wall 2 m3 6.20 0.90 0.90 10.04 L= 5.30+0.45+0.45 =6.20m

(ii) Short wall 2 m3 3.40 0.90 0.90 5.51 L= 4.30-0.45-0.45 =3.40m
15.55m3
2 Concrete in foundation

(i) Long wall 2 m3 6.20 0.90 0.30 3.35 L= 5.30+0.45+0.45 =6.20m

(ii) Short wall 2 m3 3.40 0.90 0.30 1.83 L= 4.30-0.45-0.45 =3.40m
5.18 m3
3 Brickwork in foundation and
plinth

(i) Long wall

(a) 1st footing 2 m3 5.90 0.60 0.30 2.13 L= 5.30+0.30+0.30 =5.90m
(b) 2nd footing 2 m3 5.80 0.50 0.30 1.74 L= 5.30+0.25+0.25 =5.80m
(c) Plinth Wall 2 m3 5.70 0.40 0.60 2.74 L= 5.30+0.20+0.20 =5.70m

(ii) short wall

st
(a) 1 footing 2 m3 3.70 0.60 0.30 1.33 L= 4.30-0.30-0.30 =3.70m
(b) 2nd footing 2 m3 3.80 0.50 0.30 1.14 L= 4.30-0.25-0.25 =3.80m
(c) Plinth Wall 2 m3 3.90 0.40 0.60 1.87 L= 4.30-0.20-0.20 =3.90m
10.95 m3

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 4 Brickwork in superstructure

Long wall 2 m3 5.60 0.30 3.50 11.76 L= 5.30+0.15+0.15=5.60m

Short wall 2 m3 4.00 0.30 3.50 8.40 L= 4.30-0.15-0.15 =4.00m
20.16m3

3. Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two rooms building from the given plan and section.
(i) Earthwork in excavation in foundation
(ii) Lime Concrete in Foundation
(iii) 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth
(iv) 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4 in Superstructure
(v) 2.5cm DPC

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 SI. Description of Item No Unit Lengt Bread Depth/ Quantity Explanatory Notes
No h (L) th (B) Height (D/H)
. in ‘m’ in ‘m’ in ‘m’

1 Earthwork in excavation in foundation

0.15+4.00+0.30+6.00+0.15=10.60

(i) Long wall 2 m3 11.70 1.10 1.00 25.74 L=10.60+0.55+0.55=11.70m

(ii) Short wall 3 m3 5.20 1.10 1.00 17.16 L= 6.30-0.55-0.55 =5.20m
42.90m3
2 Lime Concrete in Foundation

(i) Long wall 2 m3 11.70 1.10 0.30 7.72 L=10.60+0.55+0.55=11.70m

(ii) Short wall 3 m3 5.20 1.10 0.30 5.15 L= 6.30-0.55-0.55 =5.20m
12.87m3

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 3 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in
foundation and plinth

(i) Long wall

st
(a) 1 footing 2 m3 11.40 0.80 0.20 3.65 L=10.60+0.40+0.40=11.40m
(b) 2nd footing 2 m3 11.30 0.70 0.10 1.58 L=10.60+0.35+0.35=11.30m
(c) 3rd footing 2 m3 11.20 0.60 0.10 1.34 L=10.60+0.30+0.30=11.20m
(d) 4th footing 2 m3 11.10 0.50 0.10 1.11 L=10.60+0.25+0.25=11.10m
(e) Plinth Wall 2 m3 11.00 0.40 0.80 7.04 L=10.60+0.20+0.20=11.00m

(ii) short wall

(a) 1st footing 3 m3 5.50 0.80 0.20 2.64 L= 6.30-0.40-0.40 =5.50m
(b) 2nd footing 3 m3 5.60 0.70 0.10 1.18 L= 6.30-0.35-0.35 =5.60m
(c) 3rd footing 3 m3 5.70 0.60 0.60 1.03 L= 6.30-0.30-0.30 =5.70m
(d) 4th footing 3 m3 5.80 0.50 0.50 0.87 L= 6.30-0.25-0.25 =5.80m
(e) Plinth Wall 3 m3 5.90 0.40 0.40 5.66 L= 6.30-0.20-0.20 =5.90m
26.20m3

4 Damp proof course 2.5cm thick

Long wall 2 m2 11.00 0.40 - 8.80

Short wall 3 m2 5.90 0.40 - 7.08
15.88m3
5 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4
in Superstructure
Long wall 2 m3 10.90 0.30 4.20 27.47
Short wall 3 m3 6.00 0.30 4.20 22.68

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 50.15m3 L=10.60+0.15+0.15=10.90m
L= 6.30-0.15-0.15 =6.00m
DEDUCT
Door (D) 2 m3 1.20 0.30 2.10 1.51
Window (W) 4 m3 1.00 0.30 1.50 1.80
Shelves (S) 2 m3 1.00 0.20 1.50 0.60 Back of shelves is 10cm thick wall

Lintel over (D) 2 m3 1.50 0.30 0.15 0.14 Bearing 15cm

Lintel over (W) 4 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.23 Bearing 15cm
Lintel over (S) 2 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.12 Bearing 15cm

4.40m3
TOTAL 45.75m3

Centre line method: This method is suitable for walls of similar cross sections. Here the total Centre line length is multiplied by breadth and depth of respective
item to get the total quantity at a time. When cross walls or partitions or verandah walls join with main wall, the Centre line length gets reduced by half of
breadth for each junction. Such junction or joints are studied carefully while calculating total Centre line length. The estimates prepared by this method are
most accurate and quick.

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 Figure represents the foundation trench plan

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 From the above figure, the total length of walls = AB+BC+CD+DA = 5.30+4.30+5.30+4.30 = 19.20m
If the total centre length is multiplied by the breadth and the depth we get the quantity of earthwork in excavation. By doing so we take certain portion
twice and leave an equal portion but this does not affect the quantity.
The quantity of excavation =
AB X 90cm X 90cm + BC X 90cm X 90cm + CD X 90cm X 90cm + DA X 90cm X 90cm.

It may be noticed that portions P, Q, R & S marked with double hatch lines come twice while the portions K, L, M, N left blank do not come at all, but
these portions being equal in magnitude, we get the correct quantity.
The same principle applies to foundation concrete, footings, plinth wall and superstructure wall.

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 SI. Description of Item No Unit Length Breadth Depth/ qty Explanatory Notes
No (L) in (B) in ‘m’ Height
‘m’ (D/H) in ‘m’

1 Earthwork in excavation in foundation 1 m3 19.20 0.90 0.90 15.55

2 Concrete in foundation 1 m3 19.20 0.90 0.30 5.18
3 Brickwork in foundation and plinth
1st footing 1 m3 19.20 0.60 0.30 3.46
2nd footing 1 m3 19.20 0.50 0.30 2.88
3rd footing 1 m3 19.20 0.40 0.60 4.61
10.95m3
4 Brickwork in superstructure 1 m3 19.20 0.30 3.50 20.16 m3 Door & window openings,
lintel etc.. to be deducted

Estimate by CENTRE LINE METHOD the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building shown in figure.
(i) Earthwork in excavation in foundation
(ii) Lime Concrete in Foundation
(iii) 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth
(iv) 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4 in Superstructure
(v) 2.5cm DPC

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
In the above figure there two junctions of the inter wall with the main wall.
Total centre length of wall = 2 x C to C of long wall + 3 x C to C of short wall.
= 2 x 10.60 +3 x 6.30 = 40.10 m

If the total centre length is multiplied by the breadth and depth, at the junction the portion A and portion B shown by hatch lines in above figure comes twice, and
get the quantity in excess by these portions and these excess shall have to be deducted. The deduction may be effected reducing the centre length by half breadth
for each junction.

Thus the quantity of earthwork in excavation

= [Total centre length – (2 x ½ breadth)] x breadth x depth

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
= (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 1.10) =39.00 x 1.10 x1.10 = 42.90 m3
SI. Description of Item No Unit Length Breadth Depth/ Quantity Explanatory Notes
No (L) in (B) in Height (D/H)
‘m’ ‘m’ in ‘m’

1 Earthwork in excavation in foundation 1 m3 39.00 1.10 1.10 42.90 (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 1.10) =39.00

2 Lime Concrete in Foundation 1 m3 39.00 1.10 0.30 12.87 (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 1.10) =39.00

3 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in

foundation and plinth

(a) 1st footing 1 m3 9.30 0.80 0.20 6.29

(b) 2nd footing 1 m3 39.40 0.70 0.10 2.76 (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.80) =39.30
(40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.70) =39.40
(c) 3rd footing 1 m3 39.50 0.60 0.10 2.37 (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.60) =39.50
(40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.50) =39.60
(d) 4th footing 1 m3 39.60 0.50 0.10 1.98 (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.40) =39.70

(e) Plinth Wall 1 m3 39.70 0.40 0.80 12.70

26.20
4 Damp proof course 2.5cm thick
1 m2 39.70 0.40 - 15.88
15.88
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 5 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4
in Superstructure 1 m3 39.70 0.30 4.20 50.15 = (40.10 – 2 x ½ x 0.30) =
39.70

DEDUCT
Door (D) 2 m3 1.20 0.30 2.10 1.51
Window (W) 4 m3 1.00 0.30 1.50 1.80
Shelves (S) 2 m3 1.00 0.20 1.50 0.60 Back of shelves is 10cm thick
wall
Lintel over (D) 2 m3 1.50 0.30 0.15 0.14
Lintel over (W) 4 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.23 Bearing 15cm
Lintel over (S) 2 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.12 Bearing 15cm
4.40m3 Bearing 15cm

Total 45.75m3

Estimate the quantities of the following items of a residential building from the given drawings by LONG WALL and SHORT WALL METHOD.
1. Earthwork in excavation in foundation
2. Lime Concrete in Foundation
3. 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth
4. 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4 in Superstructure
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 5. 2.5cm DPC
6. 12mm plastering for inside walls
7. 6mm Ceiling plastering

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
Centre to centre length of walls-
a) Drawing and left hand side bed room combined:
0.30 0.30
C to C long walls = +6.00 +0.30+4.00+ = 10.60m
2 2
0.30 0.30
C to C short walls = + 5.00 + = 5.30m
2 2

b) Bed rooms right side (both combined):

0.30 0.30
C to C long walls = +5.00 +0.30+4.00+ = 9.60m
2 2

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 0.30 0.30
C to C short walls = + 4.50 + = 4.80m
2 2

c) Front verandah:
0.30 0.20
Front wall (long wall) C to C length = + 5.00 + 0.30 + 4.00 + 0.10 + = 9.65m
2 2
0.20 0.30
Side wall (short wall) C to C length = + 2.00 + = 2.25m
2 2

d) Back verandah including bath room:

0.30 0.20
C to C long wall (rear wall including bathroom) = + 5.00 + 0.30 + 4.00 + 0.10 + = 9.65m
2 2
0.20 0.30
C to C length short wall (Side wall) of bathroom = + 2.50 + = 2.75m
2 2

SI. Description of Item No Unit Length (L) Breadth Depth/ Qty Explanatory Notes
No in ‘m’ (B) in ‘m’ Height
(D/H) in
‘m’
1 Earthwork in excavation in foundation
a) Drawing and left hand side bed room
combined:
Long wall 2 m3 11.50 0.90 1.00 20. 70 L= 10.60+0.90=11.50

Short wall 3 m3 4.40 0.90 1.00 11.88 L= 5.30-0.90=4.40

b) Bed rooms right side (both

combined): 2 m3 9.60 0.90 1.00 17.28 0.90 0.90
L= 9.60- + =9.60m
Long wall 2 2

2 m3 3.90 0.90 1.00 7.02 0.90 0.90

Short wall L= 4.80- - =3.90m
2 2

c) Front verandah: 0.90 0.60

1 m3 9.50 0.60 0.50 2.85 L= 9.65- 2
+ 2
=9.50m
Front wall (long wall)
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 1 m3 1.50 0.60 0.50 0.45
Side wall (short wall) 0.90 0.60
L= 2.25- - =1.50m
2 2
1 m3 9.50 0.60 0.50 2.85 0.90 0.60
L= 9.65- + =9.50m
d) Back verandah including bath room: 2 2
0.90 0.60
long wall (rear wall including bathroom) 2 m3 2.00 0.60 0.50 1.20 L= 2.75- - =2.00m
2 2

short wall (Side wall) of bathroom Total 64.23m3

2 Lime Concrete in Foundation

a) Drawing and left hand side bed room
combined:

Long wall 2 m3 11.50 0.90 0.30 6.21 L= 10.60+0.90=11.50

Short wall 3 m3 4.40 0.90 0.30 3.56 L= 5.30-0.90=4.40

b) Bed rooms right side (both

combined): 0.90 0.90
2 m3 9.60 0.90 0.30 5.18 L= 9.60- + =9.60m
2 2
Long wall
2 m3 3.90 0.90 0.30 2.11 0.90 0.90
L= 4.80- - =3.90m
Short wall 2 2

0.50 0.60
c) Front verandah: 1 m3 9.70 0.60 0.20 1.16 L= 9.65- + =9.70m
2 2

Front wall (long wall) 1 m3 1.70 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.60
L= 2.25- - =1.70m
2 2

Side wall (short wall)

0.50 0.60
d) Back verandah including bath room: 1 m3 9.70 0.60 0.20 1.16 L= 9.65- + =9.70m
2 2

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 long wall (rear wall including bathroom) 2 m3 2.20 0.60 0.20 0.53 0.50 0.60
L= 2.75- - =2.20m
2 2

short wall (Side wall) of bathroom Total 20.11m3

3 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in

foundation and plinth
a) Drawing and left hand side bed room
combined:
Long walls 2 m3 11.20 0.60 0.20 2.69 0.60 0.60
L=10.60+ + =11.20
1st footing 2 2
0.50 0.50
L=10.60+ + =11.10
2 m3 11.10 0.50 0.20 2.22 2 2
2nd footing
0.40 0.40
Plinth wall above footing 2 m3 11.00 0.40 0.90 7.92 L=10.60+ + =11.00
2 2

short walls
3 m3 4.70 0.60 0.20 1.69 0.60 0.60
st
1 footing L=5.30- − = 4.70
2 2

3 m3 4.80 0.50 0.20 1.44

2nd footing 0.50 0.50
L=5.30- − = 4.80
2 2
Plinth wall above footing 3 m3 4.90 0.40 0.90 5.29 L=5.30-
0.40
−
0.40
=4.90
2 2

b) Bed rooms right side (both 0.60 0.60

combined): 2 m3 9.60 0.60 0.20 2.31 L= 9.60- + =9.60m
2 2
Long walls
1st footing 2 m3 9.60 0.50 0.20 1.92 0.50 0.50
L= 9.60- + =9.60m
2 2
0.40 0.40
2nd footing L= 9.60- + =9.60m
2 m3 9.60 0.40 0.90 6.91 2 2

Plinth wall above footing 0.60 0.60

L= 4.80- - =4.20m
2 2
short walls 2 m 3
4.20 0.60 0.20 1.01
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 0.50 0.50
L= 4.80- - =4.30m
2 2
1st footing 2 m3 4.30 0.50 0.20 0.86
0.40 0.40
2nd footing L= 4.80- - =4.40m
2 m3 4.40 0.40 0.90 3.17 2 2

Plinth wall above footing

0.40 0.40
1 m3 9.65 0.40 0.20 0.77 L= 9.65- + =9.65m
2 2
c c) Front verandah:
Front wall (long wall) 1 m3 9.60 0.30 0.70 2.02 0.40 0.30
L= 9.65- + =9.60m
1st footing 2 2

0.40 0.40
Plinth wall above footing 1 m3 1.85 0.40 0.20 0.15 L= 2.25- - =1.85m
2 2

Side wall (short wall) 1 m3 1.90 0.30 0.70 0.40 0.40 0.30
L= 2.25- - =1.90m
1st footing 2 2

Plinth wall above footing

d) Back verandah including bath room:

long wall (rear wall including bathroom) 1 m3 9.65 0.40 0.20 0.77 0.40 0.40
L= 9.65- + =9.65m
2 2

1st footing 1 m3 9.60 0.30 0.70 2.02

0.40 0.30
L= 9.65- + =9.60m
2 2
3
Plinth wall above footing 2 m 2.35 0.40 0.20 0.38
0.40 0.40
3
L= 2.75- − =2.35m
Side wall (short wall) 2 m 2.40 0.30 0.70 1.01 2 2

1st footing 0.40 0.30

44.95m3 L= 2.75- − =2.40m
2 2
Plinth wall above footing

4 2.5cm DPC
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 a) Drawing and left hand side bed room
combined:
Long walls 2 m2 11.00 0.40 - 8.80 Length same as plinth wall
short walls 3 m2 4.90 0.40 - 5.88 Length same as plinth wall

b) Bed rooms right side (both

2 m2 9.60 0.40 - 7.68 Length same as plinth wall
combined):
Long walls 2 m2 4.40 0.40 - 3.52 Length same as plinth wall
short walls
4 m2 0.50 0.30 - 0.60 5cm extra on all sides
c) Front verandah:
verandah pillars
1 m2 2.50 0.30 - 0.75 L=2.20 + 2 x 0.15 = 2.50m
d) Back verandah including bath room: 2 m2 2.40 0.30 - 1.44
Rear wall
28.67sqm
Side wall and inter wall

5 1st class Brickwork in cement mortar 1:4 in

Superstructure

a) Drawing and left hand side bed room

combined:
Long walls 0.30 0.30
2 m3 10.90 0.30 4.00 26.16 L=10.60 + + =10.90
short walls 2 2
3 m3 5.00 0.30 4.00 18.00 0.30 0.30
L=5.30 - - =5.00
2 2
b) Bed rooms right side (both 0.30 0.30
combined): 2 m3 9.60 0.30 4.00 23.04 L=9.60 - + =9.60
2 2
Long walls 2 m3 4.50 0.30 4.00 10.80 0.30 0.30
L=4.80 - - =4.50
2 2
short walls

c) Front verandah: 1 m3 9.60 0.20 0.65 1.24 0.30 0.20

Front wall (long wall) 1 m3 2.00 0.20 0.65 0.26 L=9.65 - + =9.60
2 2
Side wall (short wall)
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 1 m3 7.20 0.20 0.65 0.93
d) Back verandah including bath room: 1 m3 2.40 0.20 3.05 1.46
Rear wall 2 m3 2.50 0.20 3.05 3.05 9.60-2.40 = 7.20
Rear bathroom wall
Side wall and inter wall
84.94m3

DEDUCT 6 m3 1.20 0.30 2.10 4.54

Door openings 2 m3 1.00 0.30 2.00 1.20
D1 1 m3 0.75 0.30 1.80 0.27
D2
D3
11 m3 1.00 0.30 1.50 4.95
Window openings 1 m3 2.00 0.30 1.50 0.90
W1
2 m3 0.75 0.20 1.20 0.36
W2

W3 18 m3 0.75 0.30 0.60 2.43

Clerestory Window openings
5 m3 1.00 0.20 1.50 1.50
CW

Shelves opening 6 m3 1.50 0.30 0.15 0.40

2 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.11
Lintels
1 m3 0.95 0.30 0.15 0.02
D1
D2
D3 11 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.64
1 m3 2.30 0.30 0.15 0.10
2 m3 0.95 0.20 0.15 0.05
W1
W2 18 m3 0.95 0.30 0.15 0.77
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 W3
5 m3 1.30 0.30 0.15 0.29

CW

Shelves opening 1 m3 9.75 0.20 0.15 0.29

1 m3 2.15 0.20 0.15 0.06
Verandah lintels 1 m3 7.50 0.20 0.15 0.225
Front
Side 19.105
Back NET Total 63.44m3

Estimate the quantities for the following items of work using long wall – short wall method
(i) 12mm thick interior plastering with CM 1:4
(ii) 12mm thick exterior plastering with CM 1:4
(iii) 1:2:4 Cement concrete in slabs
NOTE: DEDUCTION FOR DOORS, WINDOWS and LINTELS are compulsory.

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
Solution:
SI No Description Unit No Length Breadth Depth Qty Explanatory note
in ‘m’ in ‘m’ in ‘m’

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 1 12mm thick interior plastering with
CM 1:4
(i) Drawing room Sqm 2 4.2 - 3.00 25.2
Sqm 2 3.5 - 3.00 21.00

(ii) bed room Sqm 2 4.2 - 3.00 25.2

Sqm 2 3.2 - 3.00 19.2

(iii) Dining room Sqm 2 4.2 - 3.00 25.2

Sqm 2 3.5 - 3.00 21.00

(iv) Kitchen Sqm 2 3.2 - 3.00 19.2

Sqm 2 2.1 - 3.00 12.6

(v) Toilet Sqm 2 1.80 - 3.00 10.80

Sqm 1 2.40 - 3.00 7.2
Sqm 2 1.70 - 3.00 10.2

196.4 sqm

Deduction

D Sqm 10 1.2 - 2.1 25.2

D1 Sqm 2 0.9 - 2.1 3.78
W Sqm 6 1.5 1.4 12.6
V Sqm 3 0.60 0.45 0.81

42.39 sqm

149.01sqm

2 12mm thick exterior plastering with

CM 1:4
Long walls Sqm 2 9.3 4.45 82.77

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 Short walls Sqm 2 7.6 4.45 67.64
150.41 Sqm

Deduction
D Sqm 2 1.2 2.1 5.04
W Sqm 6 1.5 1.4 12.6
v Sqm 3 0.60 0.45 0.81
18.45sqm
131.96sqm

3 1:2:4 Cement concrete in chejja and

lintels
W m3 6 1.8 0.30 0.15 0.486
D m3 6 1.5 0.30 0.15 0.405
D1 m3 1 1.20 0.30 0.15 0.054
0.945m3

4 1:2:4 Cement concrete in slabs m3 1 9.30 7.60 0.15 10.60m3

Estimate by Centre line method the quantities of the following items of a residential building.
(i) Earthwork excavation in foundation
(ii) Lime concrete in foundation
(iii) I class brickwork in 1:6 cement sand mortar in foundation and plinth
(iv) 2.5cm DPC
(v) I class brickwork in lime mortar in superstrucutre.

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
Total centre length of all 30 cm walls
= (2 x 10.60 + 3 x 5.30) + (2 x9.60 + 2 x 4.80) = 65.90m
Number of junctions = 6 (walls of 30cm)
Total centre length of all 20 cm walls
= (9.65 + 2.25) + (9.65 + 2 x 2.75) = 27.05m
Number of junction 5 no with 30 cm and 1 no with 20 cm wall

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 SI. Description of Item No Unit Length Breadth Depth/ Qty Explanatory Notes
No (L) in (B) in Height
‘m’ ‘m’ (D/H)
in ‘m’
1 Earthwork in excavation in foundation

Wall of 30 cm main room (six junctions) 1 m3 63.20 0.90 1.00 56.88 0.90
65.90 – 6 x = 63.20
2

Walls of verandah including bath 20cm 1 m3 24.50 0.60 0.50 7.35 0.90 0.60
27.05 – 5 x - = 24.50
(five and one junction) 2 2
64.23m3
2 Lime concrete in foundation

Walls of main rooms 30cm 1 m3 63.20 0.90 0.30 17.06 0.90

65.90 – 6 x = 63.20
2
Walls of verandah and bath 20cm 1 m3 25.50 0.60 0.20 3.06 0.50 0.60
27.05 – 5 x - = 25.50
2 2
20.12m3
3 I class brick work in foundation and plinth

Walls of main rooms 30cm

0.60
65.90 – 6 x = 64.10
2
1st footing 1 m3 64.10 0.60 0.20 7.69 0.50
65.90 – 6 x = 64.40
2nd footing 1 m3 64.40 0.50 0.20 6.44 2
0.40
Plinth wall above footing 1 m3 64.70 0.40 0.90 23.29 65.90 – 6 x = 64.70
2

Walls of verandah and bath 20cm

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
 Footing 1 m3 25.85 0.40 0.20 2.07 0.40 0.40
27.05 – 5 x - = 25.85
2 2
Plinth wall above footing 1 m3 25.90 0.30 0.70 5.44 0.40 0.30
27.05 – 5 x - = 25.90
2 2
44.93m3
4 2.5cm DPC

Walls of main rooms 30cm 1 m2 64.70 0.40 - 25.88 0.40

65.90 – 6 x = 64.70
2
Verandah pillars 3 m2 0.50 0.30 - 0.55
L= (2.20 + 2x0.15 ) + 2 x(2.75
Bathroom portion 1 m2 7.30 0.30 - 2.19 0.40 0.30
- − = 7.30
2 2
28.63m2

5 I class brick work in superstructures

0.30
65.90 – 6 x = 65.00
2
Walls of main rooms 30cm 1 m3 65.00 0.30 4.00 78.00 0.30 0.20
27.05 – 5 x - = 26.20
Walls of verandah and bath 20cm 1 m3 26.20 0.20 3.05 15.98 2 2
93.98m3

DEDUCTION 19.105m3

DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B
DARSHAN M K / SHARATH B