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Pressure Surge Due To Closure of Motorized or Solenoid Vlves in The Pipeline

The document discusses water hammers, or pressure spikes, that can occur in pipes due to sudden changes in water flow. Water hammers are caused when valves open or close too fast, pumps suddenly stop or start, or parts of the pipeline burst. This converts the flow's velocity energy into pressure energy. A shock wave then travels through the incompressible water in the pipe, potentially causing physical damage due to the high pressure. Two specific events that can cause pressure surges are the sudden closure of motorized or solenoid valves in a pipeline, and the sudden starting or stopping of positive displacement pumps.

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37 views2 pages

Pressure Surge Due To Closure of Motorized or Solenoid Vlves in The Pipeline

The document discusses water hammers, or pressure spikes, that can occur in pipes due to sudden changes in water flow. Water hammers are caused when valves open or close too fast, pumps suddenly stop or start, or parts of the pipeline burst. This converts the flow's velocity energy into pressure energy. A shock wave then travels through the incompressible water in the pipe, potentially causing physical damage due to the high pressure. Two specific events that can cause pressure surges are the sudden closure of motorized or solenoid valves in a pipeline, and the sudden starting or stopping of positive displacement pumps.

Uploaded by

Captain hopi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Surge or "Water Hammer" in pipe or tube is a pressure spike caused by sudden variation of flow rate.

Water hammers can be created if

 valves opens or closes to fast


 pumps suddenly stops or starts
 parts of the pipeline bursts
and velocity energy is converted to pressure energy. Since the water flow is restricted inside a pipe, a
shock wave will travel forth and back through the incompressible water in the pipeline deflecting
everything in its path.

Since liquids have a very low compressibility the resulting pressure energy can be very high. If the
intensity in the shock wave is high, physical damage to the system can occur.

For the sake of analysis, following two events are considered.

2). Pressure surge due to sudden start/ stop of positive displacement pumps.

1). Pressure surge due to closure of motorized or solenoid vlves in the pipeline.

Pressure surge due to closure of motorized or solenoid vlves in the pipeline.

When a control valve in piping network closes, it causes a sudden change in momentem and velocity of
the flow creating a pressure surge / water hammer. The impact is directly proportional to the speed at
which the valve close.

Since we are using motorized valves and solenoid valves, Condition for instant valve closure is rare and
so we will analyse the impact based on rigid column theory relations (s;ow valve closure: incompressible
flow.).

Force acting on components due to water hammer /


sudden change in momentum =

Assuming constant deceleration of the water column (dv/dt = v/t), this gives,

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