Senior High School

Earth and Life Science

First Quarter – Week 1
Origin and Structure of the Earth
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) – Based Exemplar
Quarter 1 – Week 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this exemplar are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development and Quality Assurance Teams

Writers: TRALOU NIÑO T. SALCEDO
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Language Editor: LORNA O. BIÑAS
Content Evaluator: SHEKAINAH FAITH C. LOZADA
Layout Evaluator:
Management Team: PSDS/DIC
___________________

Rationale

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Project PPE (Portfolio Predicate on Exemplar) is a backup contingency response of the Schools
Division of Surigao del Sur for learning delivery and learning resource which parallel to the on-
going endeavors of the higher offices in the Department. It is the utilization of a lesson exemplar
that is streamlined in a teacher-and-learner-friendly format to cater to the new classroom setup in
light of the COVID-19 health crisis. These exemplars will be paired with a self-contained and
self-instructional portfolio.

The portfolio is a deliberate collection of works that highlight a learner’s effort that would enable
him to see his growth and achievement, ability to reflect on his own work and ability to establish
goals for future learning.

Introductory Message

For the teacher:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science -11–First Quarter Exemplar on Origin and Structure of
the Earth!

This exemplar was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from different
schools in the Division to assist you in helping the learners meet the standards anchored on Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) set by the Department while overcoming the
constraints in schooling brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a teacher, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this exemplar in the most fit
modality. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning through portfolio assessments.

For the learner:

Welcome to Earth and Life Science - 11–First Quarter) Exemplar on Origin and Structure of the
Earth!

This exemplar was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner, either at home or in school. To help you with this,
this exemplar comes with a Weekly Portfolio Assessment. Your teacher will provide you with a
template and you will be given a privilege to organize the portfolio in your own creative way.

This exemplar has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the competencies you are

What I Need to Know
expected to learn in the exemplar and the objectives you
are expected to realize.

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 This part includes an activity that aims to check what
What I Know
you already know about the lesson to take.

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

What is It
This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

This section provides an activity which will help you

What I Can Do (1,2 & 3)
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This task aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

What I Have Learned
achieving the learning objectives.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

This contains instructions about recording your positive,

Portfolio Goal Setting
realistic goals before going through this exemplar.

This contains instructions about completing the

Portfolio Completion -Your
Growth Clue! components of the portfolio. This also includes a rubric
to guide you of how your portfolio will be assessed.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

exemplar.

What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

LO 1. Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and
energy flow. S11/12ES-Ia-e4

Objectives

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After going through this exemplar, you are expected to:

A. Knowledge: understand the Earth’s subsystems and their importance ;

B. Skill: illustrate interaction among the four Earth’s subsystems; and,

C. Attitude: shows behavior and ways to preserve water and other resources.

Portfolio Goal Setting

Using the Portfolio Assessment Template provided by your teacher along with this
exemplar, accomplish now your weekly goal setting. Refer to the objectives above. Think of
positive and realistic goals that you can considerably achieve with this exemplar. List them as
your plans. Remember: Do not proceed with this exemplar unless you have accomplished
your goal setting.

What I Know

Four Pics One Word

Direction:
Analyze and evaluate the similarity of four pictures to form the missing word. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2.

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3. 4.

5.

What is It

The Earth Subsystems

We previously discussed the characteristics why Earth can support life and its internal
structure. Now, we will study the Erath’s subsystems. Earth is made up of 4 subsystems and
these subsystems interact with each other. If one subsystem is missing other subsystem will
be affected. Thus, they are called system because they are interconnected with each other.
The origin of the systems approach to the study of the Earth
1. One of the first scientist to push for a more integrated or holistic approach in the
understanding of the universe (and by extension the Earth) was Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich
Alexander von Humboldt. He considered the universe as one interacting entity.
2. The term "biosphere" was popularized by Vladimir Vernadsky (1863-1945), a
Russian - Ukranian scientist who hypothesized that life is a geological force that shapes the
Earth.

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 3. In the 1970s, the Gaia Hypothesis was jointly developed by James Lovelock, an
English scientist/naturalist, and Lynn Margulis, an American microbiologist. According to
the Gaia Hypothesis, the biosphere is a self-regulating system that is capable of controlling its
physical and chemical environment.
4. In 1983, NASA advisory council established the Earth Systems Science
Committee. The committee, chaired by MoustafaChahine, published a ground breaking
report Earth System Science: A Program for Global Change in 1988. For the first time,
scientists were able to demonstrate how the many systems interact.
The Earth Subsystem

The Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere and contain all
the gases on our Earth. The present atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen (N), 21%
oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, and trace amount of other gases. One of the most important
processes of the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed through atmospheric circulation.
There is also a constant exchange of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and the
hydrosphere through the hydrologic cycle.

Levels of the Atmosphere

1. Troposphere -is the lowest layer of our atmosphere. Starting at ground level, it
extends upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level. We humans
live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear
here, mainly because 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the troposphere.
Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder, as you climb higher in the troposphere.
2. Stratosphere – this extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31
miles) above the ground. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone
molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting
the UV energy into heat. Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the
higher you go! That trend of rising temperatures with altitude means that air in the
stratosphere lacks the turbulence and updrafts of the troposphere beneath. Commercial
passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere, partly because this less-turbulent layer provides a
smoother ride. The jet stream flows near the border between the troposphere and the
stratosphere.
3. Mesosphere - extends upward to a height of about 85 km (53 miles) above our
planet. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere. Unlike the stratosphere, temperatures once
again grow colder as you rise up through the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in Earth's
atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are found near the top of this layer.

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 4. Thermosphere - high-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed
in the thermosphere, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees.
However, the air in this layer is so thin that it would feel freezing cold. Many satellites
actually orbit Earth within the thermosphere. The aurora, the Northern Lights and Southern
Lights, occur in the thermosphere.
5. Exosphere -the "air" in the exosphere is very, very thin. In fact, air in the
exosphere is constantly - though very gradually - "leaking" out of Earth's atmosphere into
outer space. There is no clear-cut upper boundary where the exosphere finally fades away
into space

The Lithosphere or Geosphere

The lithosphere includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic liquid outer
core, and the solid metallic inner core. The Plate Tectonics is an important process shaping
the surface of the Earth. The primary driving mechanism is the Earth's internal heat, such as
that in mantle convection. It includes all the soil, rocks, mountain, all landforms and other
minerals on Earth. It serves as the skeleton of the Earth.

The Biosphere
The biosphere is the set of all life forms on Earth. It covers all ecosystems—from the
soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean
surface to the deep sea. For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the food chain comprises
photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, CO2 is sequestered from the atmosphere,
while oxygen is released as a byproduct. The biosphere is a CO2 sink, and therefore, an
important part of the carbon cycle.

The Hydrosphere
The Hydrosphere includes all water in the Earth such as ocean, rivers, water vapor
and underground water. About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere)
and much of it is in the form of ocean water. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are
in the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.

This four subsystems help in forming the Earth. For Example, the Hydrologic Cycle.

In the picture, it shows the interconnection of the four subsystems. Due to solar radiation,
water evaporates, generally from the sea, lakes, etc. Water also evaporates from plant leaves
through the mechanism of transpiration. As the steam rises in the atmosphere, it is being
cooled, condensed, and returned to the land and the sea as precipitation. Precipitation falls
on the earth as surface water and shapes the surface, creating thus streams of water that result
in lakes and rivers. A part of the water precipitating penetrates the ground and moves

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downward through the incisions, forming aquifers. Finally, a part of the surface
and underground water leads to sea.

What I Can Do 1

Activity I – Sentence Completion

Direction:
Choose a word in the box that can complete the sentence. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.

Earth Interconnected NASA

Biosphere Interacting Geosphere

1. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich

Alexander von Humboldt considered the universe as one ____ entity.
2. ______ published a ground breaking report Earth System Science.
3. The ______ is a self-regulating system that is capable of controlling its physical and
chemical environment.
4. A Russian - Ukrainian scientist who hypothesized that life is a geological force that shapes
the ______.
5. One subsystem is missing other subsystem will be affected. They are ________ with each
other.

What I Can Do 2

Activity: Venn Diagram

Direction:
Write the four subsystems and their functions to complete the diagram. Write
it on your activity notebook.

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 What I Can Do 3

Direction:
Discuss briefly the hydrologic cycle and the interaction of the four
subsystems. Write it on your activity notebook.

What I Have Learned

Activity I - Multiple Choice

Direction:
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following human activity causes Ozone depletion?

A. Reforestation
B. Kaingin System
C. Recycling
D. Use of bicycle

2. The reason why we conserve water.

A. We have plenty of freshwater
B. We have more saltwater
C. More trees in the forest
D. Less freshwater than to saltwater

3. Bacteria, human, animals, insects and _______ belong to biosphere.

A. Corals
B. Falls
C. Oxygen
D. Stone

4. Part of the atmosphere where commercial planes choose to travel to avoid turbulence.
A. Troposphere
B. Mesosphere
C. Exosphere
D. Stratosphere

5. Why trees are important in our environment?

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 A. They produce carbon dioxide
B. They hold soil
C. They make pollute the soil
D. They are worthless

6. Part of the atmosphere where satellites can be found.

A. Stratosphere
B. Thermosphere
C. Exosphere
D. Mesosphere

7. Why air pollution can affect not only the atmosphere but also other system?
A. Air pollution causes acid rain
B. Air pollution carries mineral for plant growth
C. Air pollution makes water taste better
D. Air cannot affect other system

8. What causes global warming?

A. Greenhouse effect
B. Increase pollutants
C. Reforestation
D. Coastal cleaning

9. The process where plants losses water is called?

A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Evaporation
D. Transpiration

10. Soil pollution happens when there is _________.

A. improper waste disposal
B. application of fertilizers and chemicals
C. creation of dumpsites
D. all of the above

Activity 2 – Matching Type

Direction:
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 Identify the appropriate match in Column A to Column B. Write your answer in your
activity notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Ozone layer A. Biosphere

2. Weather takes place B. Hydrosphere

3. Corona virus C. Atmosphere

4. Vaccine D. Geosphere

5. Gold

6. Water vapor

7. Fungi

8. Beach

9. Argon

10. Coconut wine

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 Answers Key

What I Can Do 1 What I Can Do What I Can Do 3

I – What I am? 1. The atmosphere is the thin Due to solar radiation, water evaporates,
gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere generally from the sea, lakes, etc. Water also
1. Interacting and contain all the gases on our Earth. The evaporates from plant leaves through the
2. NASA present atmosphere is composed of 78% mechanism of transpiration. As the steam
3. Biosphere nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% rises in the atmosphere, it is being cooled,
4. Earth argon, and trace amount of other gases. One condensed, and returned to the land and the
5. Interconnected of the most important processes by which sea as precipitation. Precipitation falls on
the heat on the Earth's surface is the earth as surface water and shapes the
redistributed is through atmospheric surface, creating thus streams of water that
circulation. There is also a constant result in lakes and rivers. A part of the water
exchange of heat and moisture between the precipitating penetrates the ground and
atmosphere and the hydrosphere through the moves downward through the incisions,
hydrologic cycle. forming aquifers. Finally, a part of the
2. The lithosphere includes the surface and underground water leads to sea.
rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic
liquid outer core, and the solid metallic
inner core. The Plate Tectonics is an
important process shaping the surface of the
Earth. The primary driving mechanism is
the Earth's internal heat, such as that in
mantle convection. It includes all the soil,
rocks, mountain, all landforms and other
What I Know minerals on Earth. It serves as the skeleton
of the Earth.
1. LIFE 3. The biosphere is the set of all
2. ROUND life forms on Earth. It covers all ecosystems
3. PUZZLE —from the soil to the rainforest, from
4. WATER mangroves to coral reefs, and from the
5. TEAM plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
For the majority of life on Earth, the base of
the food chain comprises photosynthetic
organisms. During photosynthesis, CO2 is
sequestered from the atmosphere, while
oxygen is released as a byproduct. What I Have Learned
4. The Hydrosphere includes all
water in the Earth such as ocean, rivers, Activity 1 Activity 2
water vapor and underground water. About
70% of the Earth is covered with liquid 1. B 1. C
water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the 2. D 2. C
form of ocean water. Only 3% of Earth's 3. A 3. A
water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form of 4. D 4. A
ice, and the remaining one-third is present 5. B 5. D
in streams, lakes, and groundwater. 6. B 6. B
7. A 7. A
8. B 8. D
9. D 9. C
10. D 10. B

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 Portfolio Completion – Your Growth Clue!

You now go back to your portfolio and work on the other components that follow
your Goal Setting. Remember that your portfolio is a deliberate collection of your works
with the help of the exemplar. Highlighting your efforts here enables you to see and reflect on
your growth and achievement and your ability to establish goals just to learn. Upon
completion of your portfolio, please be guided of the rubric below.

Rubric for Portfolio Assessment

Oy, kalimot kaw galing nan rubric?

References

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Senior High School Teaching Guide – Earth and Life Science

https://scied.ucar.edu/atmosphere-layers

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earthandplanetarysciences/hydrological-cycle

https://www.realqunb.com/4-pics-1-word-daily-puzzle-march-7-2020-answer/

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd Surigao del Sur Division – Schools District of _____________

Address: _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Contact Number:
Email Address: