Scribd
Upload
74 views17 pages

Lora and Nb-Iot: Gagan Gupta, Darshan Patil 13 October 2016

This document compares LoRa and NB-IoT low-power wide area network (LPWA) technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. It outlines that LoRa uses chirp spread spectrum modulation in unlicensed spectrum, while NB-IoT modifies 3GPP LTE standards to operate in licensed cellular bands. Both aim to connect low-data rate devices over long ranges using less power compared to traditional cellular networks. The document reviews the background, motivation, specifications and features of LoRa and NB-IoT, concluding that LoRa is a new proprietary technology while NB-IoT reuses existing cellular infrastructure.

Uploaded by

bkrishna.n.a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views17 pages

Lora and Nb-Iot: Gagan Gupta, Darshan Patil 13 October 2016

This document compares LoRa and NB-IoT low-power wide area network (LPWA) technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. It outlines that LoRa uses chirp spread spectrum modulation in unlicensed spectrum, while NB-IoT modifies 3GPP LTE standards to operate in licensed cellular bands. Both aim to connect low-data rate devices over long ranges using less power compared to traditional cellular networks. The document reviews the background, motivation, specifications and features of LoRa and NB-IoT, concluding that LoRa is a new proprietary technology while NB-IoT reuses existing cellular infrastructure.

Uploaded by

bkrishna.n.a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

LoRa and NB-IoT

Gagan Gupta, Darshan Patil


gagan@kth.se, darshan@kth.se
13 October 2016
OUTLINE

● Background

● Motivation

● LoRa

● NB-IoT

● Conclusion
Background
Radio Access ??
Different Applications have different set
of Requirements
● Cost
● Data Rate
● Latency
● Energy Consumption

IoT- Billion of Connected Devices

● Voice, Multimedia (high data rate) → Legacy cellular


licensed solutions, unlicensed WLAN solutions

● Industrial, commercial, sensors and IoT (low data


rate) → IEEE 802.15.4, LPWA, BT, ZigBee
Motivation
● IOT devices have requirements of wide area
connectivity for low power and low data rate
devices at economical cost
● Legacy cellular solutions- high throughput,
long range, but high power and costly
● WLAN 802.11 a-n- high throughput, short
range, moderate-high power and cost
● LPWA- Tradeoff between above (Some
technologies like LoRa and NB-IoT)

● LPWA- For applications that require


multi-year batteries and send small
amount of data less frequently
● Also, involving long range
communications with low power
● Applications like Smart meter, seismic
sensors, environmental monitoring,
smart grid etc.
LPWA standards

Reference: Course textbook

● LoRa / LoRaWAN-
○ Set up by industrial
consortia
○ Unlicensed
● NB-IoT- Narrow band IoT
○ Set up by 3gpp
○ licensed
LoRa ( Long Range)
● LoRa is the proprietary physical layer or
the wireless modulation technique
utilized to create long Range
Communication Link
● Based on chirp spread spectrum
modulation
● A single gateway or base station can
cover entire cities or hundreds of
square kilometers

Chirp Signal
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)

● Star of Stars Topology


● Nodes connect to multiple
gateways.
● No handover needed from
gateway to gateway
● Nodes are asynchronous and
communicate when they have
data to send

● Device Classes-All nodes are not


equal
● Division based on tradeoff between
communication latency versus
battery life time.
● Class A -Battery powered sensors
● Class B- Battery powered actuators
● Class C- Main Powered actuators
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)
NB-IoT (Narrow band IoT)

● Technology standardized by the 3GPP standards body


● Narrow band Technology designed for IoT which can be deployed in GSM
and LTE Spectrum
● Also termed as cellular based IoT
● Standardization of NB-IoT completed with Release 13 of 3GPP published
on 22 June 2016
● To be launched in early 2017
NB-IoT (Narrow band IoT)
● Transmission schemes:
○ minimum system bandwidth for
both downlink and uplink - 180
kHz
○ GSM carrier of 200 kHz,
○ 1 PRB (Physical Resource Block)
inside an LTE carrier/ guardband
could be replaced by NB-IoT
carrier.
○ 12 subcarriers of 15 kHz in
downlink using OFDM and 3.75/
15 kHz in uplink using SC-FDMA
○ Various deployment options
❖ Highest modulation scheme used- QPSK
REDUCED
❖ Minimal noise level inside a single narrowband POWER
❖ Receiver does not require to add processing gain to decode &
❖ Simple and inexpensive transceiver design LOW COST
NB-IoT (Narrow band IoT)
● Physical Channel/ Resource mapping
○ Extensive reuse of current LTE
N/W (Long Term Evolution)
specifications
1 3 ○ Few changes to physical channels
2
4 used in LTE (detailed review)
UE
● Random Access :
1. Preamble
○ *Contention based algorithm
2. Response containing advance
similar to LTE [*Source- A Primer
command and scheduling of the uplink
on 3GPP Narrowband Internet of
resources for the UE to use
Things (NB-IoT)]
3. Identity to the network
4. Contention resolution message

● To enable low-complexity UE implementation, NB-IoT allows only one HARQ


process in both downlink and uplink, and allows longer UE decoding time

● Asynchronous, adaptive HARQ procedure is adopted to support scheduling


flexibility.
NB-IoT (Narrow band IoT)

● Time acquisition and synchronization


○ Critical- (Low cost Oscillators, deployment style introduces additional frequency
offsets)
○ Changes to the design of synchronization sequences in LTE
● Various pedagogical estimations and signal processing schemes are considered to estimate
time delay and synchronization in LTE (detailed review and reference for figure)
NB-IoT (Narrow band IoT)

Source: NB-IoT, Accelerating Cellular IoT, Huawei


LoRa and NB-IoT overview
Feature LoRa NB-IoT

Licensed/Unlicensed Unlicensed Band Licensed Band


Spectrum

Reuse of Cellular Network No Yes

Development Status Existing Yet to develop

Modulation SS chirp QPSK

Bandwidth 500 Hz - 125 KHz 180 KHz

Data Rate 290 bps- 50 kbps 250 kbps max

Device cost/ complexity 1-5 $ (Ref- LPWA survey) < 5$ per module (Ref-IETF)

Latency and Battery Lifetime > 10 years <10 seconds, >10 years battery
(Ref-IETF)

Type of Standard Proprietary open


Conclusion

● We have studied -
○ Why?
■ IoT is need of the time.
○ How it can be achieved?
■ LPWA standards like NB-IoT and LoRa were discussed and
compared.
○ What?
■ Is LoRa: Entirely new technology adapted to the need of IoT
platform
■ Is NB-IoT: Use of existing cellular infrastructure
References

NB-IOT:
Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Energy-Efficient Timing Acquisition in NB-IoT
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.02427.pdf

A Primer on 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT)


https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.04171.pdf

NB-IoT by IETF
https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/96/slides/slides-96-lpwan-7.pdf
Thank You !!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy