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Ed Mini Project

The document describes a water level indicator circuit project. The circuit uses transistors as switches and LEDs and a buzzer to indicate different water levels in a tank. When water reaches various points in the tank, transistors turn on and light LEDs that are red, yellow and green. A buzzer also sounds when the highest level is reached. The circuit aims to prevent overflow and allow monitoring of water levels.

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Shivanshu Tripathi
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93 views5 pages

Ed Mini Project

The document describes a water level indicator circuit project. The circuit uses transistors as switches and LEDs and a buzzer to indicate different water levels in a tank. When water reaches various points in the tank, transistors turn on and light LEDs that are red, yellow and green. A buzzer also sounds when the highest level is reached. The circuit aims to prevent overflow and allow monitoring of water levels.

Uploaded by

Shivanshu Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University.

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ODD Semester, 2020-21

Lab code & Name : 18ECC201J Electron Devices Lab

Year & Semester : II Year, III semester

Project Title : WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

Lab Supervisor : Ms. G. KALAIMAGAL

Team Members : S Siddhant (RA1911004010175),


Abhishek Kumar Pandit (RA1911004010179)
Shivanshu Tripathi (RA1911004010178)

Reg. No RA1911004 RA1911004 RA1911004


Mark split up 010175 010179 010178
Novelty in the project work
(1 marks)
Level of understanding of the design
formula (2 marks)
Contribution to the project
(1 Marks)
Report writing (1 Marks)

Total (10 Marks)

Date:20/11/2020
Signature of Lab Supervisor

1
WATER LEVER INDICATOR

INTRODUCTION
Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads to the wastage of water. Though
there are many solutions to it like ball valves which automatically stop the water flow once
the tank gets full. But being electronics enthusiastic wouldn’t you like an electronic
solution for it? So here is a simple and handy DIY that will guide you to make a circuit
which will detect the water level and will raise an alarm upon getting the water tank full or
a preset level.

WORKING

Here we are using transistor (of NPN type) as a Switch. Initially there is no voltage applied
to the base of the Transistor Q1 and the transistor is in OFF state and no current is flowing
through collector and emitter and LED is OFF (See below diagram to understand
Transistor Pin structure).

When the water level reaches to Point A in the tank, the positive side of the battery gets
connected to the base of the Transistor Q1 through the water. So when a positive voltage
has been applied to the base of the Transistor Q1, it gets into ON state and current starts
flowing from collector to emitter. And RED LED glows.
You can see resistors (R1, R2, R3) at the base of each transistor, which is used to limit the
maximum Base current. Generally, a transistor gets its ON state fully when a voltage of 0.7
V is applied to the base. There are also resistors (R4, R5, R6) with each of the LEDs, to
drop the voltage across LEDs, otherwise LED may blow up.
Same phenomenon happens when water level reaches to Point B. As soon as water level
reaches to Point B, a positive voltage gets applied to the Transistor Q2, it gets ON and
current started flowing through YELLOW LED, and LED glows. With same principle,
GREEN LED glow when water level reaches to Point C. And finally Buzzer beeps when
water level reaches to D.
Note that Left most wire in the tank must be lengthier than other four wires in the tanks,
because this is the wire which is connected to positive voltage .

2
COMPONENTS
. Transistor

- A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and


electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three
terminals for connection to an external circuit.

. Switch

- an electronic switch is an electronic component or device that can switch an electrical


circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

. LED

A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy
in the form of photons.

. battery –

3
A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric
cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode, and
its negative terminal is the anode.

. Buzzer

- A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,


electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

.wire - A wire is a long thin piece of metal that is used to fasten things or to carry electric
current
. tanks - A water tank is a container for storing water.

Applications of a Water Level Indicator


Water level indicators can be used in Hotels, Pools, Factories, fire protection systems in
buildings and more. Other applications and uses of a water level indicator include:
• Hotels
• Home apartments
• Commercial complexes
• Factories
• Where cooling towers are used
• Residential and commercial swimming pools
• Anywhere water levels need to be controlled
• In vehicles as a fuel level indicator
• In huge containers as a liquid level indicator

4
• Single phase motor
• Single phase submersibles
• Three phase motors
• Open wells
• Bore wells
• Sump Pumps
• Used to start and stop water pumps
• Water level indicator for water tank

Benefits Of Water Level Indicators


• Easy to install
• Very little maintenance
• Compact design
• Automatic water level indicators ensure no overflows or running of dry
pumps
• Saves money by using less water and electricity
• Can help avoid seepage of walls and roofs due to tanks overflowing
• Automatic save you can save manual labor time
• Consumes very little energy, perfect for continuous operation
• Shows incitation of water levels in any type of tank

Water Level Indicator Advantages


Water level indicator advantages include:
• Power Saver
• Money Saver
• Automatic
• Water Maximization
• Reliable Electronic Design
Water Level Indicator Disadvantages
Water level indicator disadvantages include:
• Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years.
• The rust, foul and deteriorate
• Electronics are usually built separately
• More difficult installation
• Most float switches are outdated
• No LED indicator lights
• No Warranty or Guarantee

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