7.

4 NOTES: Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities

Page 659: When A=B in the identities for the sum of two angles, the double-angle identities result.

Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities

Double-Angle Identities Product-to-Sum Identities
1
cos 2 A=cos2 A−sin 2 A cos A cos B= [ cos ( A + B ) +cos ( A−B ) ]
2
1
cos 2 A=1−2 sin 2 A sin A sin B= [ cos ( A−B )−cos ( A+ B ) ]
2
1
cos 2 A=2cos 2 A−1 sin A cos B= [ sin ( A+ B ) +sin ( A−B ) ]
2
1
sin 2 A=2 sin A cos A cos A sin B= [ sin ( A+ B )−sin ( A−B ) ]
2
2 tan A
tan2 A=
1−tan 2 A
Sum-to-Product Identities Half-Angle Identities

sin A+sin B=2 sin ( A+2 B )cos ( A−B

2 )
cos
A
2
=±
1+cos A
√ 2

sin A−sin B=2 cos ( A+2 B ) sin ( A−B

2 )
sin
A
2
=±
1−cos A
√2

cos A+ cos B=2 cos ( A+2 B )cos ( A−B

2 )
tan
A
2
=±
1−cos A
√
1+cos A

A sin A
cos A−cos B=−2sin ( A+2 B )sin ( A−B
2 )
tan =
2 1+ cos A

A 1−cos A
tan =
2 sin A

Classroom Example 1: Finding Function Values of 2 θ Given Information About θ

8
Given sin θ= and cos θ< 0, find sin 2 θ, cos 2 θ , and tan2 θ .
17
Classroom Example 2: Finding Function Values of θ Given Information about 2 θ
−12
Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of θ if cos 2 θ= and 180 ° <θ<270 ° .
13

Classroom Example 3: Simplifying Expressions Using Double-Angle Identities

Simplify each expression.
a) 2 cos2 5 x−1 b) sin 165 ° cos 165°

Classroom Example 4: Deriving a Multiple-Angle Identity

Write cos 3 x in terms of cos x .
Classroom Example 5: Determining Wattage Consumption
If a toaster is plugged into a common household outlet, the wattage consumed is not constant. Instead,
it varies at a high frequency according to the model
V2
W=
R
where V is the voltage and R is a constant that measures the resistance of the toaster in ohms.
(Source: Bell, D., Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall.) The voltage V in a
typical European outlet can be expressed by the function V =311 sin100 πt . Find the maximum wattage
W of a European light bulb with R=686.

Classroom Example 6: Using a Product-to-Sum Identity

Write 6 sin 40 ° sin 15° as the sum or difference of two functions.

Classroom Example 7: Using a Sum-to-Product Identity

Write cos 3 θ+ cos 7 θ as a product of two functions.
Classroom Example 8: Using a Half-Angle Identity to Find an Exact Value
Find the exact value of sin 22.5 ° using the half-angle identity for sine.

Classroom Example 9: Using a Half-Angle Identity to Find an Exact Value

A sin A
Find the exact value of tan75 ° using the identity tan = .
2 1+ cos A
 s
Classroom Example 10: Finding Function Values of Given Information about s
2
−3 3π s s s
Given cos s= , with π < s< , find sin , cos ,∧tan .
7 2 2 2 2
Classroom Example 11: Simplifying Expressions Using the Half-Angle Identities
1−cos 8 x 1−cos 9 β
±
√ 2
±
√ 1+cos 9 β

Classroom Example 12: Verifying an Identity

Verity that the following equation is an identity.

tan 2 ( x2 )= secsecx +cos x −2

x−cos x