EIGRP

Agus Setiawan, CCNA, CCNP,

CCIE Written, CCAI

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
 Objectives
 Describe the background and basic features of OSPF
 Identify and apply the basic OSPF configuration commands
 Describe, modify and calculate the metric used by OSPF

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 Introduction

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 Introduction to OSPF
Background of OSPF
 Began in 1987
 1989 OSPFv1 released in RFC 1131
This version was experimental & never deployed
 1991 OSPFv2 released in RFC 1247
 1998 OSPFv2 updated in RFC 2328
 1999 OSPFv3 published in RFC 2740

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 Introduction to OSPF
OSPF Message Encapsulation
 OSPF packet type
There exist 5 types
 OSPF packet header
Contains - Router ID and
area ID and Type code for
OSPF packet type
 IP packet header
Contains - Source IP
address, Destination IP
address, & Protocol field
set to 89

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 Introduction to OSPF
OSPF Packet Types

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 Introduction to OSPF
Hello Protocol
 OSPF Hello Packet
–Purpose of Hello Packet
 Discover OSPF neighbors & establish adjacencies
 Advertise guidelines on which routers must agree to become
neighbors
 Used by multi-access networks to elect a Designated Router and
a Backup Designated Router

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Introduction to OSPF
 Hello Packets continued
Contents of a Hello Packet
router ID of transmitting router
 OSPF Hello Intervals
–Usually multicast (224.0.0.5)
–Sent every 30 seconds for NBMA segments and every 10 on
multi-access segments
 OSPF Dead Intervals
–This is the time that must transpire
before the neighbor is considered
down
–Default time is 4 times
the hello interval

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 Introduction to OSPF
 Hello protocol packets contain information that is used
in electing
-Designated Router (DR)
 DR is responsible for updating all other OSPF routers
-Backup Designated Router (BDR)
 This router takes over DR’s responsibilities if DR fails

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 Introduction to OSPF
OSPF Link-state Updates
 Purpose of a Link State Update (LSU)
Used to deliver link state advertisements
 Purpose of a Link State Advertisement (LSA)
Contains information about neighbors & path costs

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 Introduction to OSPF
OSPF Algorithm
 OSPF routers build &
maintain link-state
database containing LSA
received from other routers
–Information found in
database is utilized upon
execution of Dijkstra SPF
algorithm
–SPF algorithm used to
create SPF tree
–SPF tree used to populate
routing table

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 Introduction to OSPF
Administrative Distance
 Default Administrative Distance for OSPF is 110

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 Introduction to OSPF
 OSPF Authentication
–Purpose is to encrypt & authenticate routing
information
–This is an interface specific configuration
–Routers will only accept routing information from
other routers that have been configured with the
same password or authentication information

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
The router ospf command
 To enable OSPF on a router use the following
command
R1(config)#router ospf process-id
Process id
 A locally significant number between 1 and 65535
-this means it does not have to match other OSPF
routers

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
 OSPF network command
-Requires entering: network address
wildcard mask - the inverse of the subnet
mask
area-id - area-id refers to the OSPF area.
OSPF area is a group of routers that
share link state information
-Example: Router(config-router)#network network-address
wildcard-ask area area-id

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
 Router ID
–This is an IP address used to identify a router
–3 criteria for deriving the router ID
Use IP address configured with OSPF router-id command
-Takes precedence over loopback and physical interface
addresses
If router-id command not used then router chooses highest
IP address of any loopback interfaces
If no loopback interfaces are configured then the highest IP
address on any active interface is used

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
OSPF Router ID
 Commands used to verify current router ID
–Show ip protocols
–Show ip ospf
–Show ip ospf interface

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
OSPF Router ID
 Router ID & Loopback addresses
-Highest loopback address will be used as router ID if router-id command
isn’t used
-Advantage of using loopback address
the loopback interface cannot fail  OSPF stability
 The OSPF router-id command
–Introduced in IOS 12.0
–Command syntax
Router(config)#router ospf process-id
Router(config-router)#router-id ip-address
 Modifying the Router ID
–After that you should use the command Router#clear ip ospf process
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 Basic OSPF Configuration
Verifying OSPF
 Use the show ip ospf command to verify & troubleshoot
OSPF networks
Command will display the following:
 Neighbor adjacency
-No adjacency indicated by -
Neighboring router’s Router ID is not displayed
A state of full is not displayed
-Consequence of no adjacency-
No link state information exchanged
Inaccurate SPF trees & routing tables

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
Verifying OSPF - Additional Commands

Command Description

Displays OSPF process ID,

router ID, networks router is
Show ip protocols
advertising & administrative
distance
Displays OSPF process ID,
router ID, OSPF area information
Show ip ospf
& the last time SPF algorithm
calculated
Displays hello interval and dead
Show ip ospf interface interval

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
Examining the routing table
 Use the show ip route command to display the routing
table
-An “O’ at the beginning of a route indicates that the router
source is OSPF
-Note OSPF does not automatically summarize at major
network boundaries

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 OSPF Metric
 OSPF uses cost as the metric for determining the best route
-The best route will have the lowest cost
-Cost is based on bandwidth of an interface
Cost is calculated using the formula
108 / bandwidth
-Reference bandwidth
defaults to 100Mbps
can be modified using
Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth

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 OSPF Metric
 Cost of an OSPF route
Is the accumulated value from one router to the next

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 OSPF Metric
 Usually the actual speed of a link is different than the
default bandwidth
–This makes it imperative that the bandwidth value reflects
link’s actual speed
Reason: so routing table has best path information
 The show interface command will display interface’s
bandwidth
-Most serial link default to 1.544Mbps

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Basic OSPF Configuration
Modifying the Cost of a link
 Both sides of a serial link should be configured with the
same bandwidth
–Commands used to modify bandwidth value
Bandwidth command
–Example: Router(config-if)#bandwidthbandwidth-kbps
ip ospf cost command – allows you to directly specify
interface cost
-Example:R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 1562

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