ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

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CONDUCTION:
1. The wall of a house is 7 m wide and 6 m high is made from 0.3 m thick brick with 𝑘 = 0.6 W/m-K. The
surface temperature inside of the wall is 16oC and that on the outside is 6oC. Find the heat flux through
the wall and the total heat loss through it.
A. 𝑞=25 W/m2 and 𝑄=750 W
B. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=840 W
C. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=650 W
D. 𝑞=20 W/m2 and 𝑄=740 W
2. Consider a solid cylindrical rod of length 0.15 m and diameter 0.05 m. The top and bottom surfaces of
the rod are maintained at constant temperatures of 20°C and 95°C, respectively, while the side surface
is perfectly insulated. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the rod if it is made of (a) copper, k
=380 W/m · K, (b) aluminum, 237 W/m · K, (c) steel, k =18 W/m · K
A. (a) 373.1 W, (b) 17.7 W, and (c) 1.2 W
B. (a) 251.3 W, (b) 25.8 W, and (c) 3.5 W
C. (a) 852.2 W, (b) 16.5 W, and (c) 1.2 W
D. (a) 373.1 W, (b) 19.2 W, and (c) 1.2 W
3. A laminated wall is made up to 0.1 m thickness with k = 3 kcal-m/hr-m2-K. It has two insulations on each
side of it with 0.10 m thickness with k = 1.2 kcal-m/hr-m2-K. The effective surface area of wall is 1.5 m 2
and temperature difference is 600K, then the heat transfer rate is _________.
A. 4500 kcal/hr
B. 992 kcal/hr
C. 8810 kcal/hr
D. 81.8 kcal/hr
4. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the wall as shown in the figure below is __________. Consider
L1=L2.
Q
𝑘1 𝑘2
𝐿1 𝐿2
𝑘1 + 𝑘2
A. 2
𝑘 𝑘
B. 𝑘 1+ 𝑘2
1 2
2𝑘 𝑘
C. 𝑘 +1 𝑘2
1 2
D. √𝑘1 𝑘2
5. Heat flows through a composite slab as shown in the figure. The depth of the slab is 1 m. The values
of 𝑘 are in W/m-K. The overall thermal resistance in K/W is __________.

k2 = 0.1 x=0.5 m
k1 = 0.02
k3 = 0.04 x=0.5 m

x=0.5 m x=0.25 m
A. 17.2
B. 21.9
C. 28.6
D. 39.2
6. An electrically heated brick house (k = 0.40 Btu/h · ft · R) whose walls are 9 ft high and 1 ft thick. Two of
the walls of the house are 40 ft long and the others are 30 ft long. The house is maintained at 70°F at all
times while the temperature of the outdoors varies. On a certain day, the temperature of the inner
surface of the walls is measured to be at 55°F while the average temperature of the outer surface is
observed to remain at 45°F during the day for 12 h and at 35°F at night for 12 h. Determine the amount
of heat transferred from the house (considering the walls only) that day and the cost of that heat loss to
the homeowner for an electricity price of $0.1/kWh.
A. 321,440 Btu; $ 6.32
B. 181,440 Btu; $ 7.45
C. 181,440 Btu; $ 4.32
D. 181,440 Btu; $ 5.32
7.A 1-meter length wire is kept is a hollow tube having radius of 8-cm and thermal conductivity 0.2 W/m-
K. Diameter of wire is 1 cm and electric current flows through 𝐼𝑜 = 0.5 A, 𝑉1 = 10 V, 𝑉2 = 4 V. Find the
temperature of the wire if 𝑇𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 20oC?

𝐼𝑜

A. 28.2oC
B. 35.8oC
C. 32.2oC
D. 24.9oC
8. A flat plate has thickness 5 cm, thermal conductivity 1 W/m-K, convective heat transfer coefficients on
its two flat faces of 10 W/m2-K and 20 W/m2-K. The overall heat transfer resistance is __________.
A. 5 W/m2-K
B. 6.33 W/m2-K
C. 20 W/m2-K
D. 30 W/m2-K
9. A copper tube with 8 cm outer diameter, 6 cm inner diameter and k = 15 W/m-K is covered with an
insulation covering of thickness 2 cm and k = 0.2 W/m-K. A hot gas at 300oC with hg = 400 W/m2-K flow
inside the tube. The outer surface of insulation is exposed to cool air at 30oC with ha = 50 W/m2-K. Find
the over-all heat transfer coefficient based on the outer surface of insulation.
A. 6.75 W/m2-K
B. 10 W/m2-K
C. 5.6 W/m2-K
 D. 7.25 W/m2-K
10. A spherical shaped vessel has a diameter of 1.2 m and 100 mm thick. Find the rate of heat leakage, if
the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces is 200 Co. Thermal conductivity of
material is 0.0833 W/m-K.
A. 879.12 W
B. 253.34 W
C. 632.32 W
D. 952.3 W

CONVECTION:
1. A thin plate 2 m x 2 m is hanging freely in air. The temperature of the surrounding is 25°C. Solar radiation
is falling on one side of the plate at the rate of 500 W/m2. What should be the convective heat transfer
coefficient in W/m2-K of air, if the temperature of the plate is to remain constant at 30oC? Consider
convection on both sides of the plate.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 100
D. 200
2. A square isothermal chip is of width w=5 mm on a side and is mounted in a substrate such that its side
and back surfaces are well insulated, while the front surface is exposed to the flow of a coolant at
T=15°C. From reliability considerations, the chip temperature must not exceed T=85°C. If the coolant is
air and the corresponding convection coefficient is h=200W/m2-K, what is the heat transfer? If the
coolant is a dielectric liquid for which h=3000 W/m2-K, what is the heat transfer?
A. Qa = 0.35 W and Ql = 5.25 W
B. Qa = 0.58 W and Ql = 3.25 W
C. Qa = 1.37 W and Ql = 5.55 W
D. Qa = 0.48 W and Ql = 5.15 W
3. In a brazed plate heat exchanger (counter flow), hot fluid enters at 60 oC and cold fluid leaves at
30 oC. Mass flow rate of the hot fluid is 1 kg/s and that of the cold fluid is 2 kg/s. Specific heat
of the hot fluid is 10 kJ/kg-K and that of the cold fluid is 5kJ/kg-K. Consider the leaving
temperature of cold liquid to be 35oC, determine mean temperature difference.
A. 25
B.30
C.35
D.45
4. A shell & tube condenser is designed to condense 0.76 kg/min of steam with cooling water entering at
20oC and leaving at 65oC. Overall heat transfer coefficient = 3400 W/m2 –K. The surface area required
for this heat exchanger is (saturation temperature of steam = 95.6 oC, hfg steam = 2270 kJ/kg)
A. 0.17 cm2
B. 0.27 m2
C. 0.17 m2
D. 0.15 m2
5. The flow rates of hot and cold-water streams running through a spiral-parallel flow heat exchanger are
0.2 kg/s and 0.5 kg/s respectively. The inlet temperatures on the hot and cold sides are 75 oC and 20oC
respectively. The exit temperature of hot water is 45oC, if the individual heat transfer coefficients on
both sides are 650 W/m2 – K, calculate the area of the heat exchanger.
A. 2.66 m2
 B. 3.25 m2
C. 4.25 m2
D. 1.25 m2
6. A condenser dealing with 25000 kg of saturated steam per hour at a pressure of 0.5 bar. Temperature
of condensing water is 25oC. Cooling water is heated from 15oC to 25oC while passing through the
condenser. Assume a heat transfer coefficient of 10 kW/m2 –K. Assume velocity of water 1 m/s. At 0.5
bar, saturation temperature is 32.55oC and latent heat is 2560 kJ/kg. Specific heat of water is 4.18
kJ/kg-K and density is 1000 kg/m3. Find the mass flow rate of cooling water.
A. 430 kg/s
B. 510 kg/s
C. 395 kg/s
D. None of these
7. Based on the problem above, find the length of the tubes if there are 100 tubes (d = 20 mm).
A. 6.1 m
B. 15.3 m
C. 32.8 m
D. 19.2
8. Calculate the Prandtl number of air at 20oC and 1 bar. R = 287 J/kg-K, 𝜇𝑘 =1.563x10-5 m2/s; Cp = 1005
J/kg-K and 𝑘 = 0.02624 W/m-K.
A. 0.712
B. 0.252
C. 2.25
D. 1.25
9. Calculate the appropriate Reynolds number and state if the flow is laminar or turbulent for a 10 m (water
line length) long yacht sailing at 13 km/hr in seawater 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3 and 𝜇𝑑 = 1.3 x 10-3 kg/m-s.
A. turbulent
B. laminar
C. transition
D. none of the above
10. The velocity of water flowing through a tube of 22 mm diameter is 2 m/s. Steam condensing is 150 oC
on the outside surface of the tubes heats the water from 15oC to 60oC over the length of the tube.
Neglecting the tube and steam side film resistance, calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient.
Note:
𝜌 = 990 kg/m3; Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg-C
𝑘 = 0.5418 W/m-K; 𝜇𝑑 = 700 x 10-6 kg/m-s
A. 7021.8 W/m2-K
B. 3526.8 W/m2-K
C. 2562.8 W/m2-K
D. 6771.8 W/m2-K

RADIATION
1. A 20-mm diameter copper pipe is used to carry heated water, the external surface of the pipe is subjected
to a convective heat transfer coefficient of h = 6 W/m2-K. what is the heat loss by radiation per meter
length of the pipe when the external surface temperature is 80 oC and the surroundings are at 20oC?
Assuming black body radiation.
A. 25.2 W
B. 52.3 W
C. 29.1 W
 D. 462 W/m2
2. Consider a person whose exposed surface area is 1.7 m2, emissivity is 0.85, and surface temperature is
30°C. Determine the rate of heat loss from that person by radiation in a large room whose walls are at
a temperature of (a) 300 K and (b) 280 K.
A. (a) 26.9 W, (b) 187 W
B. (a) 29.2 W, (b) 210 W
C. (a) 35.2 W, (b) 321 W
D. (a) 30.2 W, (b) 420 W
3. A thermocouple used to measure the temperature of hot air flowing in a duct whose walls are maintained
at Tw = 500 K shows a temperature reading of Tth = 850 K. Assuming the emissivity of the thermocouple
junction to be 𝜀 = 0.6 and the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h = 60 W/m2 ·K, determine the
actual temperature of air.
A. 402 K
B. 850 K
C. 1021 K
D. 1111 K
4. The air temperature on a clear night is observed to remain at about 4°C. Yet water (𝜀 = 0.95) is reported to
have frozen that night due to radiation effect. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be 18 W/m2
· K, determine the value of the maximum effective sky temperature that night.
A. 302.2 K
B. 302.2 K
C. 288.2 K
D. 254.8 K
5.The absorber surface of a solar collector is made of aluminum coated with black chrome 𝛼𝑠 =0.87
and 𝜀= 0.09). Solar radiation is incident on the surface at a rate of 600 W/m2. The air and the
effective sky temperatures are 25°C and 15°C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 10 W/m2 - K. For an absorber surface temperature of 70°C, determine the net rate
of solar energy delivered by the absorber plate to the water circulating behind it.
A. 30.2 W/m2
B. 25.2 W/m2
C. 36.5 W/m2
D. 18.2 W/m2
6. If transmissivity of body is 0.25 and 35% is reflected, then the absorbed energy is ________.
A. 0.40
B. 0.45
C. 0.65
D. 0.75
7. A plate 0.3 m long and 0.1 m wide, with a thickness of 12 mm is made from stainless steel (k = 16 W / m
K), the top surface is exposed to an airstream of temperature 20OC. In an experiment, the plate is heated
by an electrical heater (also 0.3 m by 0.1 m) positioned on the underside of the plate and the
temperature of the plate adjacent to the heater is maintained at 100OC. A voltmeter and ammeter are
connected to the heater and these read 200 V and 0.25 A, respectively. Assuming that the plate is
perfectly insulated on all sides except the top surface, what is the convective heat transfer coefficient?
A. 8.25 W/m2-K
B. 15.5 W/m2-K
C. 20.2 W/m2-K
D. 12.7 W/m2-K