Scribd
Upload
101 views5 pages

Trigonometric Ratios: Opposite & Adjacent Sides in A Right Angled Triangle

This document introduces trigonometric ratios and their relationships using right triangles and a unit circle. It defines the six main trig functions (sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant) and describes their values in right triangles based on adjacent, opposite, and hypotenuse side lengths. Standard trig function values are provided for angles from 0 to 90 degrees. Complementary trig function relationships and some basic trig identities are also outlined.

Uploaded by

simran kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
101 views5 pages

Trigonometric Ratios: Opposite & Adjacent Sides in A Right Angled Triangle

This document introduces trigonometric ratios and their relationships using right triangles and a unit circle. It defines the six main trig functions (sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant) and describes their values in right triangles based on adjacent, opposite, and hypotenuse side lengths. Standard trig function values are provided for angles from 0 to 90 degrees. Complementary trig function relationships and some basic trig identities are also outlined.

Uploaded by

simran kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Introduction To Trigonometry

Trigonometric Ratios
Opposite & Adjacent Sides in a Right Angled Triangle

In the ΔABC right-angled at B, BC is the side opposite to ∠A, AC is the hypotenuse and AB
is the side adjacent to ∠A.

Trigonometric Ratios

For the right ΔABC , right angled at ∠B, the trigonometric ratios of the ∠A are as follows:
opposite side BC
sinA = =
hypotenuse AC

adjacent side
AB
cosA = =
hypotenuse AC

opposite side
BC
tanA = =
adjacent side AB

hypotenuse AC
cosecA = =
opposite side BC

hypotenuse AC
secA = =
adjacent side AB

adjacent side
AB
cotA = =
opposite side BC
Visualisation of Trigonometric Ratios Using a Unit Circle

Draw a circle of unit radius with the origin as the centre. Consider a line segment OP joining
a point P on the circle to the centre which makes an angle θ with the x-axis. Draw a
perpendicular from P to the x-axis to cut it at Q.

PQ PQ
sinθ = = = PQ
OP 1

OQ OQ
cosθ = = = OQ
OP 1

PQ sinθ
tanθ = =
OQ cosθ

OP 1
cosecθ = =
PQ PQ

OP 1
secθ = =
OQ OQ

OQ cosθ
cotθ = =
PQ sinθ
Visualisation of Trigonometric Ratios Using a Unit Circle

Relation between Trigonometric Ratios


1
cosecθ =
sinθ
1
secθ =
cosθ

sinθ
tanθ =
cosθ

cosθ 1
cotθ = =
sinθ tanθ

Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles


Range of Trigonometric Ratios from 0 to 90 degrees

For 0
∘
≤ θ ≤ 90 ,
∘

0 ≤ sinθ ≤ 1

0 ≤ cosθ ≤ 1

0 ≤ tanθ < ∞
1 ≤ secθ < ∞

0 ≤ cotθ < ∞

1 ≤ cosecθ < ∞

tanθ and secθ are not defined at  90 ∘


.

cotθ and cosecθ are not defined at 0


∘
.

Variation of trigonometric ratios from 0 to 90 degrees

As θ increases from 0 to 90 ∘ ∘

sinθ increases from 0 to 1.


cosθ decreases from 1 to 0.
tanθ increases from 0 to ∞.
cosecθ decreases from ∞ to 1.
secθ increases from 1 to ∞.
cotθ decreases from ∞ to 0.

Standard values of Trigonometric ratios

30
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
∠A 0 45 60 90

1 1 √3
sin A 0 1
2 √2 2

√3 1 1
cos A 1 0
2 √2 2

1
tan A 0 1 √3 N ot def ined
√3

2
cosec A N ot def ined 2 √2 1
√3

2
sec A 1 √2 2 N ot def ined
√3

1
cot A N ot def ined √3 1 0
√3

Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles


Complementary Trigonometric ratios

If θ is an acute angle, its complementary angle is 90 ∘


− θ. The following relations hold true
for trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.

∘
sin(90 − θ) = cosθ

∘
cos(90 − θ) = sinθ

∘
tan(90 − θ) = cotθ

∘
cot(90 − θ) = tanθ

∘
cosec(90 − θ) = secθ
∘
sec(90 − θ) = cosecθ

Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometric Identities
2 2
sin θ + cos θ = 1

2 2
1 + cot θ = coesc θ

2 2
1 + tan θ = sec θ

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy