HYDRAULICS EXCAVATORS

"988P & C"

03 - 1996 Training center

"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

CONTENTS PAGE

ASSISTANCE FOR STARTING..........................................................................................................1.02.00

ELECTRIC ACCELERATION..............................................................................................................1.04.00
AUTOMATIC RETURN TO IDLE ........................................................................................................1.05.00
ENGINE OVERHEATING SAFETY SYSTEM.....................................................................................1.06.00
“SPEED-SENSING” SYSTEM.............................................................................................................1.07.00
SWING BRAKE RELEASE .................................................................................................................1.08.00
SWING BRAKE ...................................................................................................................................1.09.00
TWO SPEED C EXCAVATORS TRAVEL AUTOMATIC
SEQUENCES......................................................................................................................................1.12.00
P EXCAVATORS SPEED RANGE CHANGE .....................................................................................1.14.00

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

ASSISTANCE FOR STARTING

Master Manual push- If does not start

switch button shut- - Safety indicator lamps
down light up
After 30 sec.
Ignition Buzzer Automatic - The hydraulic filter and air
key sounds stop filter indicator lamps
t=2s go out
- Buzzer sounds again

- Use push-button to stop

Starts

Water temp
Temp sensor
lower than
on engine
Servo-motor on 60° C
block
the injection
pump goes to Time with
ECO mode and Engine engine speed
then comes back speed 1200 r.p.m. less
to 1200 r.p.m. than 3 mn

Engine Electronic control

speed 1200 Servo-motor PRE-HEATING LED
on control box housing
r.p.m.
flashes

Water temp Temp sender

higher than on engine
60° C block

Time with
Engine engine speed at
speed 1200 1200 r.p.m. over
r.p.m. 3 mn.

Select desired Electronic control

Servo-motor PRE-HEATING LED on
box
engine speed control box goes out

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

ASSISTANCE FOR STARTING

PURPOSE:
When the engine is switched on, the system provides:
- A pre-opening of the injection pump
- Automatic return of injection pump to the high idle position.

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- When the system is switched on using the ignition key, the buzzer sounds. The buzzer stops automatically after two seconds.
- If the engine does not start, the following warning lamps come on:
battery charge, engine oil pressure, minimum pilot pressure, air filter and oil filter restriction warning.
After 30 seconds, the last two warning lamps go out and the buzzer sounds (the buzzer can be turned off by the push-button on the
instrument panel)
- If the engine starts, the injection pumps servo-motor is in the “ECO” mode, which then changes to an engine speed equal to 1200 rpm
(high idle).

- if the engine coolant water temperature is lower than 60°C or if the time that the motor runs at 1200 rpm is less than 5 minutes, the
electronic system will not permit changing to the FINE, ECO or MAX modes.
This is indicated by the PRE-HEATING indicator which has a flashing indicator lamp (LED).

Location of PRE-HEATING
indicator lamp
STOP PRE
HEATING

FINE ECO MAXI 1 2

TRAVEL

Location of buzzer AUTO LOW PRE

stop push-button IDLE IDLE
HEATING

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

ELECTRIC ACCELERATION (AFTER ASSISTANCE WITH STARTING)

Engine speed
depending
Control box Electronic control Servo-motor mode
box
selected

LOW 950
IDLE r.p.m.

AUTO 1200
IDLE r.p.m.

1600
FINE r.p.m.

1900
ECO r.p.m.

2200
MAX r.p.m.

FINE ECO MAXI 1 2

TRAVEL

AUTO LOW PRE

HEATING
IDLE IDLE

PURPOSE
To set the correct engine speed in accordance with the MODE selection made by the operator.
It provides the following :
• 2 idle modes
- LOW IDLE is the low idle speed at 950 rpm.
- High idle (1200 rpm) cannot be selected and is only obtained automatically during assistance with starting
when
selecting AUTO-IDLE function (see page 1.5.00)

• 3 work modes
- FINE: 1600 rpm for low output work, and for handling
- ECO: 1900 rpm, economical digging is possible
- MAX: 2200 rpm, maximum power, hard work

The mode is selected at the control box which informs the electronic control box. This sends a signal to the
servo-motor which is directly connected to the injection pump lever. In this way engine speed is obtained in
accordance with the selected mode.

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

AUTOMATIC RETURN TO IDLE (AUTO-IDLE MODE)

- Swing and travel

pressure switches not
actived
- Pressure sensor on LS
circuit with P
under 40 bar
more than 5 sec.

AUTO IDLE 1200

Electronic Injection
on control Servo motor r.p.m.
control box pump
box

Pressure sensor on LS Electronic Injection

circuit with P control Servo-motor
pump
over 50 bar box

- Swing pilot
pressure switche
Engine speed
as per mode
selected
- Travel pilot at beginning
pressure switche

PURPOSE
Sets engine speed to idle when none of the various controls for excavator functions are activated. This applies whichever mode has been
selected (FINE, ECO or MAX)

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- The LED lights up as soon as the AUTO-IDLE mode is selected to obtain automatic return to idle.
- When not operating any of the excavators functions, for a period of five seconds the swing and travel pressure switches must be not
activated and the LOAD SENSING information line at a pressure lower than 40 bar.
- In that case, the electronic control box activates the injection pump’s servo-motor and the AUTO-IDLE mode is obtained (idles at 1200 rpm)
- When one or more of the controls is operated again, the engine returns to the speed of the mode which was previously selected (FINE,
ECO or MAX).
This is because information is given to the control box in the following manner:
For attachment and options functions
- When the L-S information pressure sensor detects a pressure greater than 50 bar
For the swing function
- When the pilot pressure switch receives a pressure information of 6 bar
For the travel function
- When the pilot pressure switch receives a pressure information of 6 bar or
- When the L-S information pressure sensor receives a pressure greater than 50 bar

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

ENGINE OVERHEATING SAFETY SYSTEM

Buzzer Push-button
sounds to stop

Temp sensor The LED

Water Temp Instrument
on engine lights up
over 115° C panel
block

115°
MAXI or
ECO
FINE MODES
MODE

STOP
Indicator
lamp lights
up
Water Temp
lower
100° C Servo-motor Electronic control
box

Return to MODE FINE or

selected unchanged LOW IDLE
Mode MODES

PURPOSE
Safeguards the engine as regards temperature

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- If the engine coolant solution reaches a temperature in excess of 115°C, the sensor on the engine block gives
information to the instrument panel
- The buzzer sounds (stopped by push-button)
- The stop warning lamp located at top left of instrument panel lights up.
- The engine temperature gauge needle is in the beginning of the second quadrant.
- The engine temperature gauge LED lights up.
- If the engine is in ECO or MAX, the information is transmitted to the electronic control box which reduces the
engine speed to the FINE mode and the “FINE” LED lights up.
- If the engine is in FINE or LOW IDLE, there is no change
- As from a temperature threshold of 105°C, all modes can be selected again

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

“SPEED-SENSING” SYSTEM

Sensor on engine
(flywheel teeth) Electronic control
Engine speed
box

P 35

Pump power Torque regulator Proportional

(p x qv) valve valve

PURPOSE
It maintains power balance between the available engine power and the demands of the hydraulic system,
regardless of engine speed selected.

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- A sensor located on the teeth of the engine flywheel, detects engine speed and transmits it to the electronic
control box.
- If the hydraulic power which has been consumed causes engine speed to fall, electric information coming from
the electronic control box acts on a hydraulic proportional valve, fed by pressure from the hydraulic assistance
circuit.
- Depending on the intensity of the signal received, which depends itself on the engine speed, this valve delivers
a pilot pressure which acts on the torque regulator valve of the hydraulic pump, to reduce the flow supplied by
the pump so that the hydraulic power consumed is in line with engine speed (depending on mode selected)

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

UPPERSTRUCTURE SWING BRAKE RELEASE

If counter- rotating P 35

solenoid
Pressure Electronic control
Control lever Pressure switch valve
selector box

Brake release

PURPOSE
- Enables the upperstructure swing hydraulic motor brake release to take place

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- When the control lever is tilted, the pilot pressure actuates a pressure selector. The pressure selector closes a
pressure switch which informs the electronic control box
- This in turn activates a solenoid valve, fed by the hydraulic assistance circuit pressure. This pressure arrives at
the hydraulic motor brake and releases the brake.
- Since the hydraulic motor is being fed it drives the upperstructure round by means of a reduction gear
- When counter rotation takes place without stopping at the control lever neutral point, the pressure selector
acts on the other side and informs the pressure switch which in turn informs the electronic control box and
enables the brake to remain released.

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

UPPERSTRUCTURE SWING BRAKE(Sensor on hydraulic motor working correctly)

Control lever Upper structure Sensor on swing n = 0.4 r.p.m.

in neutral swing speed motor
position

Sensor
works
correctly

Solenoid valve Upperstructure Time delay =

at rest stops 0.2 sec.
Electronic control
box

Braking

PURPOSE
- Provides an optimum braking time for the upperstructure swing depending on its speed

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- When the control lever is at neutral position, the upperstructure decelerates
- At a speed less than 0.4 rpm, the hydraulic motor sensor informs the electronic control box
- At that moment, a 0.2 seconds time delay enables the solenoid valve to remain piloted so that the
upperstructure can stop completely before applying the hydraulic motor brake.

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

UPPERSTRUCTURE SWING BRAKE (sensor on hydraulic motor not working correctly)

Sensor
Control lever at Sensor on swing not
Upperstructure
rest position motor working
swing speed
correctly

Electro-control valve No
at rest information

Electronic control
box
5 sec.time
delay
Braking

Pressure Pressure switch

selector

- If the sensor is defective, when the control lever is released the upperstructure swing pilot circuit pressure
switch informs the electronic control box which at that time imposes a 5 second time delay before
disactivating the solenoid valve to provide braking

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

UPPERSTRUCTURE SWING BRAKE (Sensor is good but problems in hydraulic circuit operation)

n greater
Upperstructure
Control lever at Sensor on swing than
swing speed
rest position motor 0.4 r.p.m.

Sensor
working
correctly

If the upper structure does not stop

(damaged safety valve, control
jammed control valve spool, Electronic control
Pressure switch
open force feed valve, etc), box
the hydraulic motor speed
does not decrease

Dynamic Solenoid valve 5 sec

brake at rest time delay
if
necessary

- When there is a problem in the hydraulics (defective safety valve or force feed valve, or a control valve spool
jammed, even though the control valve is at rest position, the upperstructure continues turning. The sensor
which is still being informed, instructs the electronic control box to perform brake release. But the pressure
switch is not being activated. This means that braking * takes place after a time delay of 5 seconds
(* which can be dynamic braking)

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

AUTOMATIC TRAVEL SEQUENCES (TWO-SPEED C EXCAVATORS)

First speed
selected
Electronic Hydraulic
First speed Solenoid valve
control box motors in high
locked at rest
displacement
11 2
mode
TRAVEL

Electronic Hydraulic
command Solenoid valve First speed motors in high
box at rest fixed displacement

1. lit up

1 2 2. flashes
TRAVEL
Electronic
Second control box
speed Hydraulic
selected Solenoid valve Second speed motors in
activated fixed low
1 2
displacement
TRAVEL

1 2
2. lit up

TRAVEL

LS info
sensor

If P. If P.
over lower than
270 bar 130 bar

Travel
pressure
switch

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"988" 1 - INTRODUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

AUTOMATIC TRAVEL SEQUENCES (TWO-SPEED C EXCAVATORS)

PURPOSE
- The TRAVEL 2 mode enables the high speed position and automatic speed change to be obtained by reading
LOAD SENSING information circuit pressures and the travel pilot pressure (activated pressure switch:
pressure greater than 6 bar)
- The TRAVEL 1 mode enables the machine to be locked in first speed.

WORKING PRINCIPLES
- To select first speed, press the TRAVEL key so that LED 1 lights up.
The control box locks the machine in this speed.
The speed change solenoid valve is at rest position, the motors are in high displacement (low speed).
- To select second speed, press the TRAVEL key so as to light up LED 2. The electronic control box
activates the speed change solenoid valve and the hydraulic travel motors are in low displacement (high
speed).

WORKING WITH ATTACHMENTS ONLY IN TRAVEL 2 MODE

LED 2 is still lit, LED 1 has gone out.
The solenoid valve is activated, the motors are in low displacement

WORKING WITH ATTACHMENTS AND TRAVEL OR WITH TRAVEL ALONE.

In this case, if the LOAD SENSING information is higher than 270 bar, whatever may be the functions being
operated, a sensor fitted on this line informs the electronic control box. A pressure switch fitted on the hydraulic
travel motors pilot circuit also informs the control box.
These two information inputs taken together enable the control box to disactivate the solenoid valve and to
obtain the high displacement on the hydraulic travel motor, which gives first speed (LED 2 flashes and LED 1
lights up)

If now the LOAD SENSING information circuit pressure falls to a pressure lower than 130 bar, the control box
activates the solenoid valve, the motors return to low displacement, and so change to second speed (only LED
2 is lit up)

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1 - INTRODUCTION "988"

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR ELECTRONICALLY ASSISTED SYSTEMS

WHEELED EXCAVATORS SPEED RANGE CHANGE

Speed range
selected
Electronic
control box
11 2
TRAVEL

Service
Electronic brake
commande
box Relay Service brake
K52 pressure switch

Alternator

Relay w
K3

Solenoid valves

Y 1 1 or Y 1 2

JOB SITE ROAD

RANGE 2
RANGE
11 2 11
1 lights up 2 lights up
TRAVEL TRAVEL

Relay K3 is activated as soon as the engine is started, via terminal W (12 V) of the alternator.
The service brake pressure switch (40 bars) is in contact with the earth.
If the service brake pedal is depressed and the brake feed circuit pressure reaches 40 bars, the pressure switch
located on this circuit closes.
The electronic control box is in contact with earth via the pressure switch, the diode and the K3 relay.
If the TRAVEL (1 or 2) control is depressed to change the speed range, the electronic control box is informed
which activates or disactivates relay K14 which acts either on solenoid valve Y11 or Y12, depending on the
TRAVEL mode which was selected

NOTA

TRAVEL 1 K14 relay activated Job site range

TRAVEL 2 K14 relay disactivated Road range

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"988" 8 B - HYDRAULICS

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

988 C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................8 B 2 00

LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS ON 988 C ...............................8 B 6 00
988 C SINGLE-SPEED GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.............................8 B 8 00
TWO-SPEED 988 C GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.................................8 B10 00
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE 988 P ...........................................8 B12 00
LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS ON THE 988 P ........................8 B16 00
988 P GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM....................................................8 B18 00

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 C HYDRAULICS GENERAL

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM GENERAL INFORMATION
Power unit.
- Engine:
Idle speed
LOW IDLE : 900 to 1000 rpm
MEDIUM IDLE : 1180 to 1220 rpm
No load speed Speeds under load
MAX mode: 2180 to 2220 rpm MAX mode: 1980 to 2020 rpm
ECO mode: 1880 to 1920 rpm ECO mode: 1680 to 1720 rpm
FINE mode: 1580 to 1620 rpm FINE mode: 1380 to 1420 rpm
- Constant torque variable displacement pump with load sensing, flow cancellation and pressure maintenance systems on the attachment,
travel and options functions
- Fixed displacement pump on the upperstructure swing function.

Servo.
- Low pressure pump

Hydraulic tank.
- Self-pressurized to reduce pollution coming from the outside.

Filtration.
- On general return circuit with by-pass and clogging indicators.
- On Load-Sensing information line.(LS1 and LS2)
- On functional leaks return (without clogging indicator)

Control valves: Attachment, travel, options

- “Closed centre and closed outlets“ parallel type. Proportional effect and load sensing.
- Flow regulator (balance valve) on each receiving component.

Swing control valve.

- “Open centre and closed outlets“ parallel type.

Linear receiving components.

- Double action, single rod cylinders with dashpot and flow limiter on certain chambers.

Rotary receiving components.

- Fixed displacement hydraulic motor on the swing function, fitted with automatic static brake
- Fixed displacement on variable displacement hydraulic motors on the travel function fitted with automatic static brakes.

Forced feed.
- All receiving components are force fed.
- Counter pressure valves on the return circuits for the following functions: attachments, travel, swing, options and servo

Oil cooling.
- On swing and servo pump flows.
- Air cooled by the engine fan.

Connective components.
- A very large number of hoses is used.
- Unions are SAE clamps with ISO seals on ø≥ 20 mm tubes
- Unions with crimped rings with nuts on ø< 20 mm tubes

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 C GENERAL HYDRAULICS

988 C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
- Installed hydraulic power
MAX mode: ...............................................................................................................................................65,5 Kw 89 hp
ECO mode: ..................................................................................................................................................50 Kw 68 hp
FINE mode: ...............................................................................................................................................29,4 Kw 40 hp

- Hydraulic pumps
(axial piston and gear type with external teeth)
• Maximum displacement (variable displacement pump for attachments, travel and options) ............................................2 x 80 cc/rev
• Displacement of the variable displacement swing pump.........................................................................................................28 cc/rev
• Servo pump displacement.......................................................................................................................................................12 cc/rev

•.Maximum flow (variable displacement pump for attachments)..............................................................................................320 l/min

•.Maximum flow (variable flow swing pump)..............................................................................................................................56 l/min
•.Maximum flow servo pump .....................................................................................................................................................24 l/min

• Pressure for attachment, travel and options .............................................................................................................355 to 365 bar

• Servo circuit pressure ...................................................................................................................................................> 34 bar

LOAD SENSING valve setting (LS): ∆p between M1 and M3

- Static and dynamic...................................................................................................................................................20 to 23 bar
- Dynamic ................................................................................................................................................................21 to 23 bar

•.Torque regulation valve setting

Bucket or dipper cylinder large chamber pressure ...............................................................................................................300 bar
Engine speed ..................................................................................................................................................................≥1980 rpm
Variable displacement pump flow .........................................................................................................................................124 I/mn

- Hydraulic filters
Bypass pressure setting .....................................................................................................................................................3,5 bar
Clogging indicator pressure setting .....................................................................................................................................3,1 bar
Degree of filtration ................................................................................................................................................................10 µ

- Attachments control valve (three spool stackable)

• Bore.........................................................................................................................................................................................20
• Low pressure piloted........................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
• Pressure setting (*with spacer on control lever pushrods):
- Relief valve.............................................................................................................................................................390 to 420 bar
- boom cylinder small chamber safety valve ............................................................................................................380 to 410 bar
- boom cylinder large chamber safety valve ............................................................................................................380 to 410 bar
- bucket cylinder small chamber safety valve...........................................................................................................380 to 410 bar
- bucket cylinder large chamber safety valve ...........................................................................................................380 to 410 bar
- dipper cylinder small chamber safety valve ...........................................................................................................380 to 410 bar
- dipper cylinder large chamber safety valve ...........................................................................................................380 to 410 bar

• Flow regulator setting (balance valve)

- Boom cylinder large chambers...............................................................................................................................165 to 185 I/mn
- Dipper cylinders large chambers............................................................................................................................140 to 160 I/mn
- Bucket cylinders large chamber .............................................................................................................................155 to 175 I/mn

- Swing control valve.

• Bore .......................................................................................................................................................................................12
• Low pressure piloted.......................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
• Main relief valve pressure setting .............................................................................................................................375 to 405 bar
• Swing motor secondary relief valve pressure setting................................................................................................345 to 365 bar

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 C HYDRAULICS GENERAL

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED)

• Travel control valve (stackable, two spools).

• Bore ..........................................................................................................................................................................................20
• Low pressure piloted .........................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar.
• Pressure setting:
• Right hand or left hand track secondary relief valve (forward or reverse direction) ....................................................385 to 415 bar.
• Flow regulator setting (balance valve).
• Right or left hand motor, forward or reverse drive (single or two speed ) ..................................................................130 to 150 I/mn.

- Linear receiving components.

• Boom cylinder (quantity 2) .........................................................................................................................................100 x 70 C1030

- fitted with dashpot on large chamber end and a flow limiter in the separator block (large chamber end).

• Bucket cylinder ............................................................................................................................................................100 x70 C130.

- fitted with dashpot on largel chamber side.

• Dipper cylinder ........................................................................................................................................................110 x 80 C 1320.

- fitted with dashpot on the large and small chamber ends and a flow limiter on the feed block (small chamber end).

• Offset backhoe cylinder ............................................................................................................................................110 x 80 C480

- fitted with dashpot on small chamber end

• Articulated boom cylinder ..........................................................................................................................................110 x 70 C775

- fitted with dashpot on large chamber end

• Adjustable boom cylinder ........................................................................................................................................100 x 70 C1625

- fitted with dashpot on small chamber end

- Rotary receiving components.

• Swing motor/Reduction gear.

- Fixed displacement hydraulic motor with axial pistons
• Displacement ...........................................................................................................................................................................40 cc
• Theoretical speed ................................................................................................................................................................1505 rpm.
- Reduction gear fitted with oil-bath multidisc automatic type brake, mechanically braked, with hydraulic brake release.
• Reduction ratio.....................................................................................................................................................................1/ 28
• Theoretical speed at output shaft ........................................................................................................................................53,8 rpm.
• Upperstructure braking torque .........................................................................................................................................XXXXX mdaN.
• Pressure required for brakes to be completely released ........................................................................................................8,6 bar.

• Swing pinion..........................................................................................................................................................13 teeth, module 10

• Turntable...............................................................................................................................................................79 teeth, module 10

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 C HYDRAULICS GENERAL

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED)

• Single speed travel motor/reduction gear assembly:

-Fixed displacement, axial piston hydraulic motor
• Displacement.................................................................................................................................................... .................60 cc
• Theoretical speed ..........................................................................................................................................................2110 rpm
Two speed travel motor/reduction gear assembly:
-Variable displacement, axial piston hydraulic motor.
• Displacement.............................................................................................................................................................. 60/36 cc
• Theoretical speeinfirstspeed..........................................................................................................................................2110 rpm.
• Theoretical speed in second speed .............................................................................................................................3505 rpm
• Displacement change pressure :
- Changing from small to large displacement.......................................................................................... 270 to 275 bar
- Changing from Large to small displacement........................................................................................ 130 to 140 bar
-Reduction gears fitted with oil-bath multidisc automatic type brake, withmechanical braking and hydraulic brake release.
• Reduction ratio ............................................................................................................................................................ 1/75.5
• Theoretical speed at output shaft in first speed...................................................................................................................28 rpm
• Theoretical speed at output shaft in second speed............................................................................................................ 46 rpm
• Output shaft torque .........................................................................................................................................................2268 mdaN
• Pressure required for complete brake release ...................................................................................................................11 bar.

ALL FUNCTIONS ARE FORCE FED

Force feed pressure:
On the attachment, travel, swing and options functions (M3 static) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 12 bar
On swing function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 17 bar.

- Low flow option control valve (stackable, one or two sections).

• Bore .....................................................................................................................................................................................12
• Low pressure piloted ....................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 . bar.
• Clamshell rotation pressure setting .......................................................................................................................130 to 150 . bar.
• Flow regulator setting and authorised flow per section

Control valve type Balance setting Section 1 flow Section 2 flow

1SP12 30 l/min 30 l/min

1SP12 60 l/min 60 l/min

2SP12 60 l/min 60 l/min 30 l/min

- Hydraulic hammer option control valve (stackable, one section).

• Bore ..................................................................................................................................................................................20.
• Low pressure piloted ................................................................................................................................ ................. 8 to 22 bar
• Rated secondary relief valves pressure setting.....................................................................................................190 to 210 bar
• Flow regulator setting (balance valve)..............................................................................................................................130 I/mn
• Flow adjustment using spool mechanical stop ................................................................................................................130 I/mn

NOTE: ALL THESE VALUES SHOULD BE CHECKED WITH THE HYDRAULIC OIL TEMPERATURE AT 50°C.

Caution:
ALL DISPLACEMENTS, PUMP FLOWS, ENGINE SPEEDS ARE THEORETICAL.

To avoid any injury or scalding.

DO NOT ALLOW THE TEMPERATURE TO RISE OVER 60°C during these checks.

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

8
LS

M3
AD

7
RC

90
M27

10

63 22b

82 26
M1

M6
81
22a
M4

42
3

43
M7

101
M17

61b
103

102 104
41
M2

61a
61c 62

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS:

3 - Low flow option control valve (clamshell rotation, articulated boom)

6 - High pressure hydraulic pump:
1 variable flow body for attachments, travel and options,
1 fixed flow body for swing.
7 - Low pressure hydraulic pump for servo circuit
8 - Hose / accumulator on variable flow pump LS information circuit
10 - Anti-surge valve on pump LS circuit, with LS1 filter

22a - Pedal control valve for right hand travel function

22b - Pedal control valve for left hand travel function
26 - Feed and return circuit manifold for servo circuits

41 - Swing control valve

42 - Hydraulic swing motor
43 - Swing function safety and forced feed flange

61 - Solenoid valve block consisting of:

61a - Automatic swing braking and brake release solenoid valve
61b - Arm rest safety solenoid valve
61c - Pressure limiter P35
62 - Hydraulic travel motor displacement change solenoid valve (two-speed excavators)
63 - Electrically controlled proportional reduction valve (DRE4)

81 - Attachments control valve

82 - P10 counter pressure block

90 - Hydraulic swivel

101 - Travel control valve (single-speed excavators)

102 - Fixed displacement hydraulic travel motors (single-speed excavators)
103 - Travel anti bypass block
104 - Variable displacement hydraulic travel motors (two-speed excavators)

M1 - Attachments/travel and options (if any) pressure test point

M2 - Swing pressure test point
M3 - LS circuit pressure test point
M4 - Servo circuits pressure test point
M6 - Pressure test point at manual control travel block outlet
M7 - Swing brake and brake release pressure test point
M17 - Travel pressure test point on speed limiter
M27 - Pressure test point at proportional valve outlet point.

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8.B - 7.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

F5 T
2 3
3,1 bar 16 F3
0,4 bar
P
B2 110 43 F1 82
G1 L M1
F2
9

+
F4
F A 42
B T2
M7 40
81
4 T3
T4
X T1
M2
P3
B
44 9 M1
M
V
B10 G
P4
P1
1 B21 Θ
V B9 P2
11 3bar

R1 S M 87
A2 A1 R2 Ø 2,5 S1 LS
67 A1
6 B1 T1 A1 T
Zb1 B B1
P T2
Za1 A1
28
80 80 A 21 B2
G1
41 T
B1 A A2
46
12
P 88
4

1 2 A2
7 Zb2
B B1

X3 3 B2
Ø 0,8 Za2
85
Ø 0,8
G2
X4
M2 A2
29 B2 A
86
9 A1
Zb1 Za1
P
47
R3 45 T
1 4
A3
66 64 9 Zb3
A B
9
63 2 Za3 83
M 27
Y4 M15 3
M3
209 210 B3
B11 P Z2 Z3 Z1 84
28 C
10
P
LS B7 B A A1 A
213 214
8 9 B
101
65a REAR
FRONT Zb2
A2 ARRIERE A
AVANT

5 C1 C
REAR Za2

89 ARRIERE

B2 FRONT B
8
AVANT
X F
5
7 102
61a 6 LS2
P F 25
1
4 B1 F
61 FRONT B
Y2 B1 REAR Zb1
3,39 3 AVANT
55 S24 2 ARRIERE

9 FRONT Za1
A1 AVANT
49 P0 P11 P2 T8 T5 T7 T0 2
P10 P6 P4
T4 90 A
Y5 B2 T6 22a 24 A1 REAR
26 P9 P1 P7 P8 P5 P3 T9 T2 T3 T1
211 B ARRIERE
61b X1 X
A LS1
M4 15 bar T1 FRONT 215
A2 1 B8 214
17 P3 R 2 REAR Y1
A3 9 + 49 23 M P 1
B3 T1
B3
22b Y2
103 Pp1
61 c 27 F T3 2 REAR 65b Pp2 101c
MP MF P5 L X2
1 FRONT T
B A LS
M M2
R1 : AVANT DROIT
R2 : ARRIERE DROIT P
9 L1 : AVANT GAUCHE
L2 : ARRIERE GAUCHE F Z2
M6 Z1

9 M3

M 17 101b

988 C 101a
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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

988 C SINGLE SPEED GENERAL HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION:

1 - Tank 65a - Swing pilot pressure switch (6 bar)

2 - Hydraulic fluid filler cap with self-pressurising valve and gauze filter 65b - Travel pressure switch (6 bar)
3 - Return manifold with filter elements and clogging indicator 66 - Electronic control box
4 - Magnetic filter 67 - Hydraulic swing motor speed sensor
5 - LS sensor information selector block with filter on LS travel information.
6 - High pressure hydraulic pumps 81 - Attachments control valve block ( boom, bucket, dipper)
- 1 fixed flow body for the swing circuit 82 - P10 pressure limiter
- 2 variable flow bodies for the attachments, travel and options 83 - Dipper cylinder small chamber flow limiter
7 - Fixed flow low pressure pump for the servo circuit 84 - Dipper cylinder (dashpot on small and large chamber)
8 - Accumulator hose 85 - Backhoe / Clamshell selector block
9 - Pressure test points 86 - Bucket cylinder (dashpot on small chamber)
M1 - Attachments/travel and options (if any) circuit pressure 87 - Boom cylinders feed separator block with flow limiter on cylinder largechambers
M2 - Swing circuit pressure 88 - Boom cylinders (dashpot on large chambers)
M3 - Pump LS information circuit pressure 89 - Pressure selector between LS information circuits for attachments/optionsand travel.
M4 - Servo feed circuit pressure 90 - Hydraulic swivel
M6 - Pressure test point at travel manual control block outlet (not fitted)
M7 - Swing braking and brake release pressure test point 101 - Travel control valves block
M15 - Pressure test point for swing pilot (not fitted) 101a - Anti-excess flow valve
M17 - Pressure test point for travel on speed limiter (not fitted) 101b - Hydraulic travel motors automatic brake release valve
M27 - Pressure test point at proportional valve outlet 101c - Speed limiter
10 - Anti-surge valve and filter on LS information line (attachments/options) 102 - Fixed flow hydraulic travel motors (with static brake)
11 - Calibrated orifice (ø2.5 mm) on main pump irrigation circuit 103 - Travel anti bypass block
21 - Boom and bucket (or clamshell) functions manual control block 110 - Hydraulic oil cooler

22b - Left hand travel control block

23 - Manual travel control block
24 - Travel information selector block (AUTO-IDLE function)
25 - Pressure release pump (foot control pedal)
26 - Pilot circuit manifold
27 - Minimum pilot pressure switch
28 - Swing pilot pressure information selector block (automatic swing braking and brake release function +
AUTO-IDLE function)
29 - Manual control block for dipper and swing function

41 - Swing control valve block

42 - Swing function safety flange/forced feed
43 - Hydraulic swing motor with static brake
44 - 3 bar valve block
45 - Braking valves on swing control valve spool pilot circuits
46 - 0.5 bar valve on forced feed circuit (mounted on swing control valve)
47 - Accumulator

61 - Solenoid valve block consisting of:

61a - Arm rest safety solenoid valve
61b - Automatic swing brake and brake release solenoid valve
61c - P35 pressure limiter

63 - Electro-hydraulic proportioning valve (DRE4)

64 - LS information pressure sensor

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8.B - 9.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

F5 T
2 3
3,1 bar 16 F3
0,4 bar
P
B2 110 43 F1 82
L M1
F2
9

+
F4
F A 42
B T2
M7 81
4 40
T3
T4
X T1
M2
M1 P3
B10 G B 44 9 M
V
P4
P1
1 B21 Θ
V B9 P2
11 3bar

A2 R1 S M S1
87
A1 R2 Ø 2,5 LS
67 A1
6 B1 T1 A1 T
Zb1 B B1
P T2
Za1 A1
28
80 80 A 21 B2
G1
41 B1 A A2
T
46
12
P 88
4

1 2 A2
7 Zb2 B1
B

X3 3 B2
Ø 0,8 Za2
85
Ø 0,8
G2
X4
B2 A A2
9 29 86
A1
Zb1 Za1
M2 P

R3 47 45 T A3
66 64 9 1 4 Zb3
A B
9 83
M 27 63 2 Za3

Y4 M15 3
M3
209 210 B3
B11 P Z2 Z3 Z1 C 84
10
28
P B A A1 A
LS B7 æ

213 214 B
8 9
65a 101 X6
REAR
FRONT Zb2
A2 ARRIERE A
5 C1 C
AVANT

REAR Za2
89 ARRIERE

B2 FRONT B
8
AVANT
X F X4 X5
5
7 104
61a 6 LS2
P F 25 1
F X4 X5
61 0 4 B1 FRONT B
Y2 B1 REAR Zb1
3,39 3 AVANT
55 2
S24 ARRIERE

9 FRONT Za1
A1 AVANT
P0 P10 P11 P6 P4 P2 T8 T5 T7 T0 2
T4 90 A
Y5 B2 T6 22a 24 A1 REAR
P9 P1 P7 P8 P5 P3 T9 T3 T1
211 26 T2
B ARRIERE
X1 X
61b M4 15 bar T1 FRONT 215
A LS1
A2 1 B8 214
17 P3 R 2 REAR Y1
+ 49
A3 9 23 M P 1
B3 103
B3
T1 61 c 22b Y2 Pp1

27 T3 2 REAR 65b Pp2 101c

F P5 L 1 FRONT X2 T
Y6 B4 LS
219 B M M2
A
62 R1 : AVANT DROIT
R2 : ARRIERE DROIT P
A4 9 L1 : AVANT GAUCHE
L2 : ARRIERE GAUCHE F Z2
M6 Z1
MP MF
9 M3

M 17 101b

988 C 101a
CASE
8.B - 10.00 Centre de formation
05 - 07 - 95
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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 C GENERAL HYDRAULICS

988 CTWO-SPEED GENERAL HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION:

The only difference between this circuit and that of the single speed circuit is:

62 - Solenoid valve for hydraulic travel motors displacement change

104 - Variable displacement hydraulic travel motors

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8.B - 11.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 P GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Power Unit.
- Engine:
Idle speed:
LOW IDLE : 900 to 1000 rpm
MEDIUM IDLE : 1180 to 1220 rpm

No-load speed Speed under load

MAX mode: 2180 to 2220 rpm MAX mode 1980 to 2020 rpm
ECO mode: 1880 to 1920 rpm ECO mode 1680 to 1720 rpm
FINE mode 1580 to 1620 rpm FINE mode: 1380 to 1420 rpm

- Constant torque power variable displacement pump with load sensing, flow cancellation and pressure maintenance systems on the
attachment, travel, stabiliser and options functions
- Fixed displacement pump on the upperstructure swing function

Servo system
- Low pressure pumps
1 body for servo systems
1 body for steering and brake circuits

Hydraulic tank.
- Self-pressurised for reducing pollution coming from outside.

Filtration.
- On general return circuit with bypass and clogging indicators
- On brake unit feed circuit (with bypass)
- On load-sensing information (LS1 and LS2).
- On functional leaks return (without clogging indicator)

Control valves: attachments, travel, stabilisers, options

- Parallel type with “closed centre and outlets”. Proportional effect and load-sensing.
- Flow regulators (balance valve) on each receiving component.

Swing control valve.

- Parallel type with “open centre and closed outlets”

Linear receiving component

- Single rod, double acting cylinders with dashpot and flow limiter on certain chambers for the attachment function
- Double rod, double acting cylinder for steering
- Single rod, single acting cylinders for front axle locking (with piloted valve)
- Single rod, double acting cylinders for stabilisers and dozer blade function (with piloted valves)

Rotary receiving components.

- Fixed displacement hydraulic motor on swing function, fitted with automatic static brake

Forced feed.
- All receiving components are force fed.
- Counter-pressure valve on the return circuits for attachment and swing functions.

Steering.
- By “ORBITROL” type steering box

Travel braking.
- Fully hydraulic braking on all four wheels
- Two separate circuits

Hydraulic fluid cooling:

- On swing and servo pump flows
- Air cooled by engine fan

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 P HYDRAULICS GENERAL

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Installed hydraulic power

MAX mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 Kw 89 hp
ECO mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 kW 68 hp
FINE mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 kw 40 hp

- Hydraulic pumps(axial piston type and gear type with external teeth)
Maximum displacement (variable displacement pump for attachments, travel and option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 x 80 cc/rev
Fixed displacement swing pump, displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 cc/rev
Servo pump displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 cc/rev
Steering and braking pump displacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 cc/rev

Maximum flow (variable displacement pump) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 l/min

Maximum flow (fixed flow swing pump) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 l/min
Servo system pump maximum flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 l/min
Steering and braking pump maximum flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 l/min

Flow cancellation pressure for attachments, travel and options functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355to 365 bar
Servo system circuit pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ≥ 34 bar

LOAD SENSING (LS)valve setting: (∆ p between M1 and M3)

- Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 25 bar
- Dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 23 bar

Torque regulator valve setting

Bucket or dipper cylinder large chamber pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 bar
Engine speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ≥ 1980 rpm
Variable displacement pump flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ≥ 124 l/min

- Hydraulic filters
By pass pressure setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 bar
Clogging indicator pressure setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 bar
Degree of filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 µ

- Attachments distributor (stackable, three spool)

Bore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Low pressure piloted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 to 22 bar
Pressure setting
- Main relief valve395 to 430 bar
- Boom cylinder small chamber safety valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 to 420 bar
- Boom cylinder large chamber safety valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380o 410 bar
- Bucket cylinder small chamber safety valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 to 410 bar
- Bucket cylinder large chamber safety valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 to 410 bar
- Dipper cylinder small chamber safety valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 to 410 bar
- Dipper cylinder large chamber safety valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 to 410 bar
Flow regulator valves setting (balance valves)
- Boom cylinders large chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 to 185 l/min
- Bucket cylinder large chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 to 160 l/min
- Dipper cylinder large chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 to 175 l/min

8.B - 13 00

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 P GENERAL HYDRAULICS

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (continued)

- Travel control valve (stackable, two spools)
Bore ........................................................................................................................................................................20
Low pressure pilote..................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
Pressure settings
- Travel secondary relief valve (forward or reverse drive)........................................................................................ 380 to 410 bar
- Stabiliser and dozer blades secondary relief valve (lowering) ..............................................................................380 to 410 bar
Flow regulator valves setting (balance valves)
- Travel motor (forward drive) ....................................................................................................................163 to 173 l/min
- 4 stabilisers lowering ......160 to 180 l/min raising.............. 80 to 100 l/min
- 2 stabilisers lowering ............ l/min raising.............. 40 to 50 l/min
- 2 stabilisers and dozer blade lowering ......160 to 180 l/min raising.............. 60 to 80 l/min
Blade only lowering...............60 to 80 l/min raising...............15 to 30 l/min

- Swing control valve.

Bore......................................................................................................................................................................................12
Low pressure piloted ....................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
Pressure settings.:
Main relief valve ........................................................................................................................................375 to 405 bar
Swing motor secondary relief valve pressure setting..................................................................................345 to 365 bar

- Linear receiving components

Boom cylinder (quantity 2) ....................................................................................................................................100 x 70 C1030
- Fitted with dashpot on large chamber and small chamber ends and a flow limiter on the separator block (large chamber end)
Bucket cylinder (fitted with dashpot on small chamber end) ................................................................................100 x 70 C1030
Dipper cylinder ......................................................................................................................................................110 x 80 C1320
-Fitted with dashpot on large chamber and small chamber end and a flow limiter on the feed block (small chamber end)
Offset backhoe cylinder (fitted with dashpot on small chamber end) ..................................................................100 x 80 C 480
Articulated boom cylinder (fitted with dashpot on large chamber) ......................................................................110 x 70 C 775
Adjustable boom cylinder (fitted with dashpot on small chamber) ......................................................................100 x 70 C1625
Stabiliser cylinders (fitted with piloted valves) ......................................................................................................125 x 90 C 520
Dozer blade cylinder (fitted with piloted valves) ..................................................................................................140 x 100 C 233
Steering cylinder .................................................................................................................................................... 90 x 50 C 170
Axle locking cylinder (fitted with piloted valves) ..............................................................................................................70 C 135

- Rotary receiving components

Swing motor/reduction gear assembly
- Fixed displacement, axial piston hydraulic motor.
Displacement ....................................................................................................................................................................40 . . cc
Theoretical speed ........................................................................................................................................................1500 trpm
- Reduction gear fitted with oil-bath multidisc automatic brake, mechanically braked, with hydraulic brake release
Reduction ratio ..................................................................................................................................................................1/28
Theoretical output shaft speed ........................................................................................................................................50 . rpm
Upperstructure braking torque ....................................................................................................................................3342mdaN
Pressure required for full brake release ........................................................................................................................ 8,6 . bar

Swing pinion......................................................................................................................................................13 teeth, module 10

Turntable............................................................................................................................................................79 teeth, module 10

- Hydraulic travel motor:

Variable displacement, axial piston hydraulic motor
Minimum displacement........................................................................................................................................................ 41 ..cc
Maximum displacement ...................................................................................................................................................... 93 ..cc
Displacement change pressure ..............................................................................................................................240 to 260..bar.

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 P GENERAL HYDRAULICS

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Two-speed box
Reduction ratio in first speed................................................................................................................................................1/6
Reduction ratio in second speed ......................................................................................................................................1/1,8
Speed change control pressure ........................................................................................................................................≥ 34 bar

Steering box
-Regulator pressure ..................................................................................................................................................155 to 160 bar
-Safety valves pressure ............................................................................................................................................200 to 220 bar

Brake unit:
-Engagement Disengagement
Engagement pressure ..............................................................................................................................................120 to 135 bar
Disengagement pressure ....................................................................................................................................................160 bar
-Maximum service brake pressure ..................................................................................................................................45 to 60 bar
-Parking brake pressure ................................................................................................................................................120 to 160 bar
-Pressure switch
Minimum braking circuit pressure........................................................................................................................................105 bar
Minimum steering circuit pressure ..........................................................................................................................................5 bar
Stoplights ................................................................................................................................................................................5 bar
Parking brake ....................................................................................................................................................................105 bar

ALL FUNCTIONS ARE FORCE FED

- Forced feed pressure:
On attachments, travel, swing and options functions (M3 static)....................................................................................9 to 12 bar
On swing function ........................................................................................................................................................15 to 17 bar

- Low flow option control valve (stackable one or two sections)

Bore ......................................................................................................................................................................................12
Low pressure piloted ......................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
Clamshell rotation pressure setting ............................................................................................................................130 to 150 bar
Flow regulator setting(balance valve)and flow per section.

Control valve type Balance setting Section 1 flow Section 2 flow

1SP12 30 l/min 30 l/min

1SP12 60 l/min 60 l/min

2SP12 60 l/min 60 l/min 30 l/min

Hydraulic hammer control valve option (stackable, one section)

Bore ........................................................................................................................................................................................20
Low pressure piloted ......................................................................................................................................................8 to 22 bar
Rated safety valves pressure .................................................................................................................................... 190 to 210 bar
Flow regulator setting (balance valve) ..........................................................................................................................50 to 180 l/min
flow control using spool mechanical stop ..............................................................................................................................130 l/min

NOTE: ALL THESE VALUES MUST BE CHECKED WITH THE HYDRAULIC OIL TEMPERATURE AT 50 °C.

Caution:
ALL DISPLACEMENTS, PUMP FLOWS, ENGINE SPEEDS ARE THEORETICAL
To avoid any injury or scalding
DO NOT ALLOW THE TEMPERATURE TO RISE ABOVE 60°C during these checks.

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

8 6 113 203
11
LS

M3
AD

110
7
RC

M11
M27

M12
91

105

102
M1

10
82 103

81
104

M6
23
42

M22
M1
43
61b 26
M7

61a
M4

28
109
29

61e
M5

32a
4 61c
61f
61d
M8
M2

M10

22

101
41 112 203

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS

4 low flow option valve (swing clamshell, articulated boom)

6 High pressure pumps with one fixed flow body for the swing function and two variable flow bodies for the
attachment and travel functions
7 Low pressure pump for steering/brake system
- Low pressure pump for servo circuits
8 Hose / accumulator on pump LS information circuit
10 Anti-surge valve and filter on attachments LS circuit
11 filter on steering / braking circuit
22 Travel control pedal
23 Travel direction inverter (INCHING)
26 Servo circuit manifold
28 Steering box (ORBITROL)
29 Brake unit
32a Travel pilot pressure switch (automatic front axle unlocking)
41 Swing control valve block
42 Fixed displacement hydraulic swing motor
43 Hydraulic swing motor safety flange

61 Hydraulic servo block consisting of:

61a Swing brake and brake release solenoid valve (Y5)
61b Selector bloc / L/H armest safety / front axcel lock
61c Solenoid valve (Y2 and Y13) arm rest raising safety system - front axle beam locking and unlocking)
61d 35 bar pressure limiter (P35).
61e Travel speed change solenoid valve (Y11: job-site speed-Y12: road speed)
61f Stabiliser and dozer blade solenoid valve (Y26: raising-Y27: lowering)

81 Attachment control valve block (boom, bucket, dipper)

82 Counter pressure valve P10
91 16 passage hydraulic swivel
101 Travel and stabiliser/dozer blade control valve block
102 Hydraulic travel motor (with displacement change)
103 Travel motor forced feed flange
104 Speed limiter and safety block
105 Two-speed box with parking brake
109 Brakes on front axle
110 Brakes on rear axle
112 Stabiliser/dozer blades selector valve
113 Connector block on stabilisers or rear blades small chamber feed line

203 Flow limiter on stabiliser cylinders small chambers

M1 Attachments/travel or options circuit pressure

M2 Swing circuit pressure
M3 Pump LS information circuit pressure
M4: Servo feed circuit pressure
M6: Travel manual control block outlet pressure
M7: Swing braking and brake release pressure test point
M8: Brake circuit pressure
M22: Hydraulic travel motor displacement change circuit pressure
M27: Proportional valve outlet pressure test point

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8.B - 17.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

2 T
F5
0,4 bar 3 3,1 bar 16 F3
F1
B2
P
120 43 F L M1 F2
82

+
F4
B A
M7 T2

4 12 9 40 42 T3
T4
T1
X M2
M P3
M1
1 G B 9
B10 V P2 P4

V P1
B9
B21 Θ 3bar
LS 87
A2 R1 S M Ø 2,5 S1 67 44
A1 R2
A1
B1 T1 A1 T Zb1 B B1
6
P A1
28 Za1
80 80 T2 B2
36 88
G1
B1 A A2
T
12 M3
P
4
89
9 10 2
1 A2
12 C Zb2
B B1
B2
X3 Ø 0,8 8 3 Za2
41
Ø 0,8 7 B A 85 86
G2
X4
90
B2 A A2
21
9 A1
Zb1 Za1
M2 P
9 45
46 T A3
R3 64 1 4 Zb3
A B
M15
Za3
83
3 2
Y4
63 84
209 210
B11 P Z2 Z3 Z1 B3

66 35 5
LS P
A
81
M27 B7 A1
9 213 214
65a
B

11 C1

61 61a
P
26 T7
F
F12 P2 P3 P5 T0 T5 T3 T9 T4
55 P0
1(6) 55 B1
58 P1 P7 P4 P8 P6 T11 T2 T8 T1 T10 T6
K9
+ 49 61b
Y13 Y2 9 1
64 A1 108
M4
2,35 22
10
54 105 17 P
F 23
Y5 B2
S24 25 12
211 27 T
B5 A P
61c 7
A2 P B
B3 B A
A3
61d 61e
P
8 B
T 32a
SC 3 106 C
57 105 4 A
53
B4 16
A
Y14 15
107
manu Z
214 B8 9 T 9 MB F G G T G P
SC 2 6 P M
auto Y11 106 M 18 B
P

54 219
A4 52 215 B'
83 M6 B1 B
53
Y26 Y27 B5 B50 29 65b 5 Za1
53
33a P
R Zb1 A
105 SC 4 A4
50 51 24
50 K14 A1 A
A5 49 34 105
51
MP MF 101 A'
53 P3 Y G G'
P B53
49 LS
63 82 MA
B2 X
63 63 2 Za2
49
104 103
Sh 61f Zb2 M 22 110
49 3
B A3' A3 A2' A2 F2 F1 A4 A1 P1 P S
94
9 P 84 P
91 A2
II
B
237
65 102 9h
W
ALTER B12 M8
66
33b I
113
+ B52 III
P

(12V)
98 B51 30c A
62 11 T1 112
F P K3
31 30a II B A III A B
30b I
111 A A
94 9

Y16
60
203 203
60
MF MP
202
B B
P 201
90b 90c 32b L 14
28
T
R 109
988 P 13

CASE
204 204 205 204
Centre de formation 205 204

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"988" 8 B- HYDRAULICS

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

1 Tank 35 Automatic swing brake release swing spool pilot 101 Travel and stabilisers/dozer blade control valve
2 Tank filler cap with self-pressurising valve and selector block block
gauze filter. 36 Manual control block for boom - bucket functions 102 Hydraulic travel motor (with displacement change)
3 Return manifold with filter elements and clogging 41 Swing control valve block 103 Travel motor forced feed flange
indicator 42 Hydraulic swing motor safety / forced feed flange 104 Speed limiter and safety block
4 Magnetic filter on functional leaks returns 43 Fixed flow hydraulic swing motor with static brake 105 Two-speed box with parking brake and speed
5 Information selector block for LS sensor and filter 44 3 bar valve for swing motor forced feed range change cylinder
on travel/stabilisers LS circuit 45 Braking valves on swing control valve pilot 106 Speed range change safety and indexing block
6 High pressure pump (1 fixed flow body for swing circuits 107 Hydraulic travel motor disengagement block (for
function, 2 variable flow bodies for attachments, 46 Spring type accumulator on swing control valve speed range change)
travel and options) spool pilot 108 Calibrated orifice on parking brake circuit
7 Low pressure pump - 1 body for steering/braking 109 Brakes on front axle
circuit+ 1 for servo system 61 Hydraulic servo block, comprising : Steering cylinder
8 Hose / accumulator on pump LS information 61a Solenoid valve for swing braking and brake 110 Brakes on rear axle
circuit release 111 Front axle beam locking cylinder
9 Pressure test points 61b selector block / L/H armest safety / front axte lock 112 Stabiliser/dozer blade selector valve
M1: attachments/travel or options circuit 61c Solenoid valve (Y2 and Y13) arm rest raising 113 Front stabiliser or rear dozer blade small
pressure safety system / front axle locking and unlocking chambers feed connection block
M2: Swing circuit pressure 61d 35 bar pressure limiter (P35)
M3: Pump LS information circuit pressure 61e Travel speed change solenoid valve 201 Dozer blade cylinder
M4: Servo feed circuit pressure (Y11: job site speed-Y12: road speed) 202 Calibrated orifice on dozer blade cylinder large
M6: Travel manual control block outlet pressure 61f Stabilisers and dozer blade solenoid valve chamber
M7: Swing braking and brake release pressure (Y26: raising-Y27: lowering) 203 Flow limiter on stabiliser cylinder small chambers
M8: Brake unit circuit pressure 62 Working brake solenoid valve (Y15) 204 Stabiliser cylinder
M22: Hydraulic travel motor displacement 63 Electro-hydraulic proportioning valve (DRE4) 205 Stabiliser cylinder piloted valve
change 64 LS information pressure sender
circuit pressure 65a Swing pilot pressure control valve spool for swing
M27: Proportional valve outlet pressure brake release and or Auto-Idle function.
10 Anti surge valve and filter on LS circuit 65b Travel control valve pilot pressure switch for Auto-
11 Steering/braking circuit filter Idle function.
12 Calibrated orifice (ø2.5 mm) on main pump 66 Electronic control box
irrigation circuit 67 Swing motor speed sensor

21 Dipper - swing function manual control block 81 Attachments control valve block
22 Travel control pedal (boom, bucket, dipper)
23 Travel direction inverter (INCHING) 82 P10 pressure limiter block
24 Travel spool pilot selector block for AUTO-IDLE 83 Flow limiter on dipper cylinder small chamber
function 84 Dipper cylinder
25 Foot pressure release pump (dashpot on small and large chamber)
26 Servo circuits manifold 85 Backhoe-clamshell selector block (option)
27 Pilot circuit minimum pressure switch 86 Bucket cylinder(dashpot on the large chamber)
28 Steering box (ORBITROL) 87 Boom cylinder feed block with flow limiter on
29 Brake unit cylinder large chambers.
88 Boom cylinders(dashpot on large chambers)
30a Accumulator on parking braking circuit 89 Shut-off valve on boom cylinder large chambers
30b Accumulator on front axle braking circuit (for transport position)
30c Accumulator on rear axle braking circuit
31 Braking pressure switch for travel speed change 90 Pressure selector on attachments and
32a Travel pilot pressure switch (automatic front axle travel/stabiliser LS circuits
unlocking) 90b& Pressure selector on brake circuits
32b Pressure switch (stop lights) 90c (Working brake and dynamic brake)
33a Parking brake pressure switch 91 16 passage hydraulic swivel
33b Braking minimum pressure switch
34 Steering minimum pressure switch

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8.B - 19.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 HYDRAULICS GENERAL

8.B - 20.00 Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization Training Center
"988" 8 D- HYDRAULICS

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

- THE TANK ...........................................................................................................8D .02 00

- SHUT-OFF VALVE - FILTERS .............................................................................8D .04 00
- THE OIL COOLER - THE THERMOSTATIC SHUT-OFF VALVE ........................8D .06.00

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8D - 1.00
8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

HYDRAULIC TANK
The welded tank 1 stores the hydraulic fluid.
It is self-pressurised. 3 9
This self-pressurisation is controlled by a valve set to 0.4
bar. 7

DESCRIPTION: 6
1
1 - Tank
2 - Shut-off valve
3 - Breather and filler cap
4 - Filters (quantity 2).
5 - Filter clogging pressure switch
(3,1 bar standard and 2 bar if the excavator is fitted
with a hydraulic hammer).
6 - Inspection plate
7 - Lifting ring (tank less oil) 4 5
8 - Fluid level sight glass. 8
9 - Tank pressure release cap
10 - Fluid temperature sensor
11 - Filling gauze.

PORT LOCATIONS
A : Variable flow pump inlet
B : Fixed flow pump inlet
E : Hydraulic hammer circuit returned.
on symbol schematic
C : Pilot pump inlet
D : Steering/braking pump inlet for P excavators
F : Swing and P35 pressure limiter returned
A B
G : Attachments/travel general return 10
H : Leaks and magnetic filter return circuit

G
4 2
E X
3,1 bar 16 F
0,4 bar B2
P
3 5
+

B
11
2
1
H

D C
B
9 10 B21 Θ A

8D - 2.00 Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization Training Center
"988" 8 D- HYDRAULICS

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

HYDRAULIC TANK (continued)
LEVEL:
Every 10 hours or every day
- Park the excavator on flat horizontal ground, extend the dipper, open the
bucket and lower the attachment to the ground (on P excavators, raise the
stabilisers and the blade)
- Stop the engine
- Check the tank level. It should be between marks 4 and 5.

FILLING
- Unscrew the pressure release plug 9, remove breather 3, screw in the
funnel delivered with the excavator and top up the hydraulic fluid.
- Re-install breather 3 and retighten plug 10.

REPLACING THE BREATHER (every 2000 hours)

- Stop the engine, lower the attachment to the ground, release pressure in
the tank by unscrewing plug 9, remove breather 3.
- Fit a new breather
- Start the engine, extend all the cylinder rods and check the tank level.

SELF-PRESSURISATION FUNCTION
0,4 bar
The breather is fitted with a valve b which prevents cavitation and a valve c
which limits pressure in the tank to 0.4 bar. Air necessary for the tank to b
be pressurised passes via filter C.
a
- When starting up, if fluid is fed to the cylinder big chambers, the level of
oil goes down. Atmospheric pressure opens valve b and air enters the
tank via filter c
- If the small chambers of the cylinders are fed, the oil level rises.
The air cannot escape via the valves. With the temperature the pressure
increases in the tank and it is limited to 0.5 bar by valve a.

RECOMMENDATION:
When the starting the machine for the first time, extend all the
attachment cylinder rods, check the minimum hydraulic oil level 3
and bring the maximum of air into the hydraulic fluid tank to
ensure correct self-pressurisation function.

FILLER CAP GAUZE 1

- It is located in breather cap 3
- It enables the oil to be filtered when refilling or adding oil 2
(filtration fineness = 10 µ)
- To clean or change the gauze, remove the breather and the
screws 2. When re-installing check that the two seals 4 are
correctly placed. 4

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

THE HYDRAULIC TANK
SHUT-OFF VALVE
Located at the bottom of the tank, the shut-off valve enables
the tank to be isolated when maintenance operations are
taking place on the tank or the hydraulic pumps.

CAUTION:
Before starting up the excavator, make sure that the shut-off
valve is open and that pin A is in its correct housing.

RETURN FILTERS
A
DESCRIPTION
1 - Manifold.
2 - Clogging indicator.
3 - Filter elements
4 - Element by-pass valve

REPLACEMENT:
The filter elements must be replaced when the indicator lamp
on the instrument panel stays on or every 500 hours.
- Unscrew the plug to release the pressure in the tank.
A
- Remove the used elements 3 and replace them by new
elements

1 2

3
4

1
2

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"988" 8 D- HYDRAULICS

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

OTHER FILTERS IN THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

On the brake system of wheeled excavators
This is a filter element (11)which is installed
between the gear pump outlet and the brake unit 11
feed.

LOCATION
It is located under the walkway behind the cab
This filter has no clogging indicator and the
element must be replaced every 500 hours.
The arrow shows the direction of circulation of the
oil.

On the hydraulic pumps “LOAD SENSING” information circuits

They are in the anti-surge valve (10) and also on the information circuit selector block (5) ”LS2”
(see the pumps section )
These filters must be changed every 500 hours

LS1

LS2

10

On the functional leaks return circuit (4)

It is a cartridge-type filter. It filters the leak return circuit
before returning to the reservoir.
It is located by the side of the hydraulic tank on the
engine side
This filter has no clogging indicator and the element must
be replaced every 500 hours. 4

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8 B - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 TANK - FILTERS - COOLER

HYDRAULIC OIL COOLING CIRCUIT
The hydraulic system cooler is fed from the swing return
circuit and from the 3 bar pressure limiter (44).
The hydraulic oil cooler is attached to the engine water
radiator and the cooling air is drawn through the oil cooler
by the engine fan.
The oil cooler is located at the lower part of the radiator. WATER

OIL

THE THERMOSTATIC SHUT-OFF VALVE (Optional fitment)

Purpose:
This valve by-passes the oil cooler when the temperature of oil is under 40oC and directs the oil through the oil cooler at 50oC.

44

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

CONTENTS PAGE

- WORKING PRINCIPLES
- DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM .....................................................................................8F.02.00
- STOPPING THE ENGINE .....................................................................................................8F.04.00
- STARTING THE ENGINE .......................................................................................................8F.05 00
- LOAD SENSING SYSTEM.....................................................................................................8F.07.00
- TORQUE REGULATION.........................................................................................................8F.09.00
- FLOW CANCELLATION AND PRESSURE HOLDING ................................................8F.12.00
ENGINE/PUMPS COUPLINGS ................................................................................8F.14.00
LOCATION OF PORTS AND ADJUSTMENT POINTS.............................................8F.15.00
ASSISTANCE AND STEERING/ BRAKING PUMPS................................................8F.16.00
MAIN PUMP ASSEMBLY..........................................................................................8F.18.00
- VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP BODIES .......................................................8F.19.00
- THE SERVO-CONTROL AND THE VARIOUS REGULATOR VALVES .................8F.20.00
- THE SWING PUMP ................................................................................................8F.22.00
THE ANTI SURGE VALVE IN THE “LOAD SENSING” INFORMATION CIRCUIT ...8F.23.00
THE PROPORTIONAL VALVE ................................................................................8F.24.00
SYMBOLIC SCHEMATIC OF HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT ......................................8F.25.00

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLES
SYSTEM USING LOAD SENSING VALVE, TORQUE REGULATOR, FLOW CUT OFF AND PRESSURE
LIMITING:

A-”LOAD SENSING”
Purpose of “Load Sensing” valve:
- It adjusts the pump flow to correspond to the driver’s requirements.
- It is not sensitive to the different loads.
- It cancels the flow when the control valve spools are in the rest position, or when maximum pressure is
reached at the attachments or travel functions.

Advantage:

- It prevents unnecessary hydraulic fluids circulation and therefore reduces the amount of power lost in heat.

Basic principle:
. Flow passing through a given section depends on:
a) the diameter and the shape of the passage.
b) the power loss for this section.
- The “LOAD SENSING” system maintains a constant power loss
- Flow therefore depends only on the passage section corresponding to the control valve position.

B-TORQUE REGULATION.
Torque regulation is widely used by manufacturers of excavators.
It consists of limiting the resistant torque of the pump.
Current designs enable this torque to be kept constant for all pressure values.

Purpose:
To make the best possible use of the available power.

Advantages:
. An engine of a lower power can be fitted.
. Torque can be regulated between two separate functions.

Basic Principles:
- The resistant torque of the pump is proportional to the displacement and the pressure. We therefore have to
arrive at the product of those values and to keep it constant.
- For this we use a lever to which a force is applied proportional to the pressure, at a distance with an axis
proportional to the displacement. A spring opposes this force.
- The lever forms part of a valve which feeds the pump control cylinder.

C-FLOW CUT OFF AND PRESSURE LIMITING.

Purpose:
- It limits the pressure in the attachment, travel and options circuits.
- It cancels the flow at maximum working pressure, while still maintaining that pressure at its maximum value.

Advantages:

It enables maximum pressure to be used with only a low power consumption.

It reduces the power lost in heat.

Basic Principles:
- At maximum working pressure a valve opens, the LS valve pilots.
This pressure then arrives at the various sections of the variable flow pump displacement control cylinder.
- The pump barrel is tilted to the minimum and supplies a flow which is only equal to the value of the system
functional leaks.

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 "988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

23 20

21
26 25 24
22
LS
27

P35
28

19
1 M1
2 6

18
15 16 17
P10 14
9 13
V
5
7

12

11
A B C D
3 4 8 10

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1 - Variable displacement pump body 15 - Non-return valve
2 - Pistons 16 - Pushrod
3 - Swashplate 17 - Return spring
4 - Shaft 18 - Closed centre control valve
5 - Displacement control cylinder small chamber 19 - Cylinder
6 - Displacement control cylinder large chamber 20 - ”LOAD SENSING” valve
7 - Cylinder return spring 21 - Pushrod
8 - Pilot piston 22 - LS valve adjustment spring
9 - Lever 23 - Shuttle ball:pressure selector between attachment and
10 - Torque regulation valve travel
11 - Push rod 24 - Flow cut off (LS) valve
12 - Return spring 25 - Control lever
13 - Electro-hydraulic proportioning valve (DRE4) 26 - Pilot pump
14 - P10 pressure limiter 27 - P35 pressure limiter
28 - Tank

NOTE:
When the available hydraulic power is exceeded, the torque regulator valve takes over from the “LS” valve and
the flow from the variable flow pump depends on the pressure in the high pressure circuits (attachments/travel
and swing)
At maximum pressure, flow cut off is obtained while still maintaining this pressure in the circuits being fed

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8F.3.00
8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

20

21
22
LS

P35

P10

V
7

12

10

PHASE ONE
With the engine stopped
Valves LS20 and torque regulator 10 are at the rest position, under the action of springs 22 and 12.
The large chamber 6 of the pump displacement control cylinder is in the return to tank position passing via the
torque regulator valve 10 and LS valve 20
The pump barrel is maintained at maximum tilt, under the action of return spring 7

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

20

}
21
} 22

}
LS }

}
}

P35 }

}
}
1
6

} }
P10
}
}

V
}

5
➟

10

PHASE 2
Starting the engine
Variable displacement pump 1 begins to supply flow
Since the control valve has the centre closed at rest position, the pressure at the pump outlet increases.
This pressure arrives at the springless side of LS valve 20.
A pressure differential (∆p) in excess of 20 bar is necessary in order to overcome the force of spring 22 and to move
spool 21.
As soon as this pressure differential ∆ p is reached, spool 21 moves and directs the pump outlet pressure (passing
via torque regulator valve 10) into the displacement control cylinder large chamber 6.
The pump outlet pressure is always in the small chamber 5 other cylinder. The difference in section means that the
displacement control cylinder moves to bring pump swashplate 1 to a displacement produces the minimum flow
necessary to cover the functional leaks.
The flow is very low, the power consumed is very low.

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8F.5.00
8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

20

}
21
} 22

}
LS

}
}

P35 }

} } }
P10
}

14
V
5

PHASE 3
Engine running, all controls at neutral position
The pump outlet pressure stabilizes
The sum of the hydraulic forces and the force of spring 22 bring the LS valve spool 21 into a position of
equilibrium.

Details of forces applied to the LS spool

Spring side = Side without spring
P10 pressure (14) + spring pressure = Pump outlet circuit pressure




∆p
For the system to work correctly, the ∆ p should be about 20 bar

8F.6.00 Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization Training Center
"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟ 20
23
}

}
} 22

}
LS
}
P35
}
}

}
}
19

6
} } }

}
} 16
P10 18
}

5 V
}

PHASE 4
Modifying the flow in relation to the demand (LOAD SENSING)
Engine running, one function is starting to be controlled
Spool 16 of control valve 18 is moved slightly so as to feed cylinder 19
The circuit pressure in the last chamber of cylinder 19 passes via the internal passage of the control valves spool
and presses the selector spool against its seat.
This pressure arrives at the side with spring of LS valve 20 and its force is added to that of spring 22 force.
The outlet pressure of the pump is not sufficient to oppose these forces so spool 22 of LS valve comes back to the
rest position.
When it moves, spool 22 puts large chamber 6 of the displacement control cylinder into the return to tank position
(passing via the torque regulator valve).
The pump outlet pressure is still in the spool chamber 5 of the displacement control cylinder.
Under the action of this pressure, added to the force of return spring 7, the cylinder controls the tilting angle of the
variable flow pump barrel. The barrel increases its flow.
Details of forces applied to the LS valve spool
Side with spring > Side without spring

Pressure of the sealing component circuit + Spring force > Pump outlet circuit pressure
To resume
If ∆p < à 20 bar, the control cylinder large chamber returns to tank, the pump flow increases

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8F.7.00
 8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟
20

}
21
}

}
25

}
LS }
}
}
O

P35 } }

19

} } }

}
P10 15 16 18
}

V
➟

PHASE 5
Modification of flow in relation to demand (LOAD SENSING)
Control valve spool 16 is now being piloted by the control lever 25
The flow supplied by the variable flow pump passes via the non-return valve 15 and through the gradual movement
notches in spool 16 to feed the large chamber of cylinder 19
By passing through spool 16, this flow creates a pressure drop which reduces the pressure upstream in control
valve 18 greater than the downstream pressure.
We therefore have, inthe LS valve (20), a higher pressure on the side without spring than on the side with spring.
This makes spool 21 of the LS valve move again into a position of equilibrium.
In this position of the LS valve, the return to the tank of pump displacement control cylinder 6 large chamber is
partially obstructed.
As a result an equilibrium of forces acting on the large and small chamber of the displacement control cylinder is
arrived at.
This stabilizes the variable flow pump barrel tilting angle.
The flow obtained is constant and is proportional to the control pressure of control valve spool 16
Pump flow (and therefore the speed of movement of the load)depends on the tilting angle of the control
lever (as required by the driver)

To resume
If ∆p = 20 bar , the forces of the large and small chambers of the control cylinder are equal , the pump flow
becomes constant (a function ofthe control pressure of the control valve spool)

8F.8.00 Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization Training Center
"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟
}

}
}
LS }
}
O

} }
P35

}
19

} }
}
P10
}

7 9 V
}

11
}

➟ 10
8

PHASE 6
Torque regulation
Increasing load on cylinder 19 depending upon available hydraulic power
The load gives a greater pressure in cylinder feed circuit 19
The outlet pressure from the pump is also greater
Via the internal passage of control cylinder 7, this pressure is applied to piston 8, which creates a torque on lever 9
greater than that of the spring.
Lever 9 tilts, thus moving spool 11 of torque regulator valve 10.
In moving, spool 11 opens the feed to the displacements control cylinder large chamber by the pressure output
from the pump.
The difference in the forces applied to the large and small chambers of the control cylinder forces the swashplate
to reduce its tilting angle and as a result the flow decreases.

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8F.9.00
8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟ 20

➟
}
} 21

}
LS } }
}
}
O

P35 } }

}
}
19

1
6

} }
P10
16 18
}

9 13
}

V
11
}

12
➟

8
➟ D
10
3

PHASE 7
Torque regulation (continued)
a)The load on cylinder 19 is identical to that of the proceeding phase
The tilting angle of the barrel reduces, which in turn reduces the flow from the pump
The flow passing via spool 16 of control valve 18 is lowered, therefore the delta p is lower than the adjustment
value of LS valve 20.
This makes spool 21 of LS valve 20 move again into the at rest position.
Torque regulator valve 10 partially obstructs the return to tank of large chamber 6 of the pump displacement
control cylinder.
As a result the forces acting on the large and small chambers of the displacement control cylinder are equal.
This stabilizes the tilting angle of swashplate 3 of the variable flow pump 1.
At the same time piston 8 slides on lever 9, closer to the axes of the lever.
The torque on the lever decreases, lever spring 9 is stronger.
This allows, as a result of the action of return spring 12, torque regulator valve 10 spool 11 to move into a position
of equilibrium.
The flow and torque which are obtained are constant.
NOTE:
When pump 1 is at maximum torque, the torque regulator valve spool 11 is in equilibrium.

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

➟ 20

➟
}
} 21

}
LS } }
}
O }
P35 } }

}
}
19

1
6

} }
P10
16 18
}

13
9
}

V
11
}

12
➟

8
➟ D
10
3

PHASE 8
Torque regulation (continued)
b)same configuration but using fixed flow pump body 13
In this case the pressure at fixed flow pump outlet 13 arrives in chamber D of the torque regulation valve 10.
The force applied on the annular section is added tothe force applied by pilot piston 8.
The sum of theseforces makes spool 11 move backwards.
The variable flow pump outlet pressure enters thelarge chamber 6 of the displacement control cylinder and
reduces the tilting angle of the pumpbarrel.
This reduces the variable flow pump flow in relation to the swing circuit pressure.
The torque consumed by variable flow pump 1 plus that of the fixed flow pump 13 gives us the maximum available
torque.
NOTE:
When pump 1 is at maximum torque, the torque regulator valve spool 11 is in equilibrium.

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟
21
}
24

➟
}

}
}
LS }
}
O

P35 } }

19

} }
P10
16 18
}

PHASE 9
Flow cut off and pressure limiting
Spool 16 of control valve 18 is held in the piloted position with a load on the cylinder which is even greater
The pressure in the cylinder 19 feed circuit is a t the maximum and the load is immobile.
This pressure opens the flow cut off valve LS 24
A small flow passes via the calibrated oriface of this valve
The pump outlet flow has a tendency to pass via the internal passage of control valve spool 16.
The delta p is greater than adjustment value of valve LS.
As a result of the flow cut off valve 24 being opened, the pressure on the LS valve side with spring falls.
The pressure on the side without spring is now greater, so the LS valve spool pilots.
Oriface b of the torque regulator valve, in communication with the large chamber 6 of the displacement control
cylinder, is partially pluged and the pressure in the large chamer 6 is equal to the pressure at the pump outlet.

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

WORKING PRINCIPLE

➟
}

}
24

}
LS }
}
}
O

P35 } }

}
6

} } }
P10
9
5 11 V

7
➟
12

8
➟ 10

PHASE 10
Flow cu off and pressure limiting (continued)
The hydraulic force in chamber 6 is greater than the hydraulic and mechanical forces in small chamber 5.
The barrel tilts toward the minimum.
Pilot piston 8 slides on lever 9 and becomes closer to the lever axis.
The spring on lever 9 pushes it back.
When the load on pushrod 11 of torque regulator valve 10 is greater than that of spring 12, pushrod 11 returns to
the rest position.
At that moment the pump outlet pressure arrives directly in the large chamber 6 of the displacement control
cylinder.
The large and the small chamber of the control cylinder are subjected to the same pressure.
As a result of the difference in section, the force in large chamber 6 is greater than the sum of the hydraulic and
mechanical forces in small chamber 5.
This brings the pump barrel back to the minimum tilting, covering only functional leaks and the flow which passes
via the flow cut off valve 24, which is open.
The pressure in the feed circuit is at the maximum, but since the flow is very small, the power consumed is low.

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

UNIT/ENGINE COUPLING

It transmits motion between the engine flywheel and the hydraulic pumps assembly.
It consists of a flexible flange 1 bolted to the engine flywheel and a splined sleeve 2 mounted on the pumps unit
drive shaft

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

Location of ports and of adjustment points

Ports A X3 5 4 X4
- S Variable displacement pump body
inlets
- S1 Fixed displacement pump body inlet 6
- S2 Pilot pump inlet
- A Swing pump outlet
- A1 Attachments, travel and options
pump body outlet
- A2 Attachment travel and options pump
body outlet
- A3 Pilot and irrigation pump outlet S1
A1
T12
On wheeled machines, there is a second pump
body to feed the brakes and steering. A2
Legislation in certain countries (Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy) requires that the brake circuit S
and the steering circuits should be separate. 7
In this case there are two separate gear pump R2
bodies which feed the circuits
- R2 Irrigation for variable flow pumps
- X4 LOAD SENSING valve information circuit inlet
- X3 Swing circuit pressure inlet on torque regulator valve
-T12 Anti-surge valve leaks return circuit

Adjustment points
- 4 Torque regulator valve adjustment
- 5 Flow cut off and pressure holding valve adjustment
- 6 LOAD SENSING valve adjustment
- 7 Variable displacement pump bodies maximum displacement adjustment

4 X3 X4 5 6 4 X4 6

A1
5

A
A A1

A2 S2
A3 S2 S1 R2 S
S
A3 S1

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

Hydraulic servo pumps (P & C excavators) and
steering/braking pumps (P excavator)
C excavators
They are attached to the swing pump
They are of the gear type with external teeth and they
feed : A
C excavators and P excavator 1st body
- the servo circuit
- the piston pump housing irrigation circuit
P excavators : the 2nd body feeds :
- the steering and braking circuit

C excavators
S
Identification of ports
S - Inlet
A - Output
C - Pump direction of rotation

Description
1 - Pinion with shaft
2 - Lip seal
3 - Front flange
4 - Centring studs
5 - Seals
6 - Housingr
7 - Rear flange
8 - Rear block
9 - Pinion
10 - Assembly bolt
11 - Front block

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9
11
10

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

Hydraulic servo pumps (P & C excavators) and steering/braking pumps (P excavators)

P excavators S1 S2

Identification of ports
S1 - Servo circuit inlet
A1 - Output to solenoid valve block
S2 - Steering / braking circuit inlet
A2 - Output to brake unit
C - Pump direction of rotation

Description
The design is identical for both pump bodies and each body
is the same as the description shown on the previous page.
The pinion with shaft of the first body drives the minion in the
second body via splined sleeve 12.
A1 A2

12

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

MAIN TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PISTON PUMPS
Description

1 Housing
2 Servo controle
3 LOAD SENSING, torque regulator, flow cut off valve block
4 Drive shaft
5 Variable displacement pumps second body drive pinion
6 Fixed displacement pump body drive pinion
7 Shaft sealing (flange + lip seal)

(This description also concerns the photos on the following page)

6 3

4
2

5 1

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

PISTON PUMPS MAIN TECHNICAL DETAILS

6 1 5 4

3 2
7

THE VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT DRIVING PUMP

BODY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Description
1 Splined shaft
2 Lip seal contact surface
3 Nut
4 Taper roller bearings
5 Variable displacement pump second body drive
pinion
6 Pistons with rings (quantity 7)
7 Guide piston
8 Barrel

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT DRIVEN PUMP BODY

It is the same as the previous pump except there is no

splined shaft

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PISTON PUMPS
The servo control and the various valve blocks
2 3
Description
1 Torque regulator valve 1
2 LOAD SENSING valve
3 Flow cut off valve
4 Servo control cylinder small chamber
5 Return spring
6 Servo control cylinder
7 Hydromechanical torque regulator pilot piston
8 Servo control cylinder large chamber
9 Hydromechanical torque regulator lever arm 4
10 Torque regulator control rod
11 Sealing sleeve between the valve block and the pump housing
11
12 Barrel drive arm
5
10

6
9
1 10 3
7

12

8
2 5 9

8 6 2 12

6 7

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

VARIOUS VALVE BLOCKS (continued)

LOAD SENSING VALVE A

A

D C

TORQUE REGULATOR VALVE B

FLOW CUT OFF VALVE C

NOTE
LS valve stability is insured by restrictor D (A)

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

MAIN TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PISTON PUMPS
Fixed displacement pump body

Description
1 Pump shaft
2 Housing 11 2 6 5 9 1 3
3 Straight roller bearing
4 Thrust plate
5 Pad holding plate
6 Ball joint
7 Belleville washers
8 Pistons with pads
9 Barrel
10 Distribution plate
11 Pilot pump drive splines
T12 Anti-surge valve leak return orifice
4 8 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 11

T12

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

The anti-surge valve in the LOAD SENSING information circuit
This is located under the hydraulic tank on the left
hand side of the upper structure B
F
It is fitted on the LOAD-SENSING information circuit
of the low flow pumps
Its purpose is to stabilize the LOAD-SENSING valve.

Description
1 Body
2 Spool
3 Cap
4 Pushrod
5 Spring
6 O ring A
7 Fill support
8 Cap (access to filter)
9 Filter retention spring
10 Filter
11 Non-return valve cap
12 Non-return valve spring D
13 Non-return valve
14 Sealing plug M3
15 Bull F
LS VALVE
Port locations
A : Pressure inlet from attachment LS circuits, or
3 ><
options
B : LOAD SENSING valve 5
F : Leak return to the pump(R1)

Working Principles 4 B 1
a) - Feed:
the higher pressure from the LS circuits arrives at A, 2
and passes via filter 9. 7
It pushes non-return valve 13, to inform the pump
11
regulator block C
LOAD SENSING valve (spring end). 6
When the pressure reaches 25 bars, pushrod 2 pilots 12
and blocks passage C.
b) - LOAD SENSING valve stabilization:
If a surge phenomenon appears on LS information 10 13
circuit, the pressure falls at A.
The non-return valve 9 is held against its seat, isolating 9 14
the LS valve from the pump.
The pump is no longer subject to pressure variations.
Hose D absorbs pressure peaks for greater stability in
the LS valve. 8
Pressure test point M3 is located at the end of this hose. A 15

Spécifications
The anti-surge valve filter must be changed every Attachments and options LS information
500 hours

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

THE PROPORTIONAL VALVE
It is located above the engine flywheel. A
T Pst
Its purpose is to supply a variable pressure,
depending on the intensity of information received by
the electronic control box, to the torque regulation
valve.
Description

1 Spring
2 Valve spool
3 Seal
M27
4 Coil
5 Connector
6 Spool sleeve
7 Seals

Port locations
A : Outlet to torque regulation valve
T : Leak return to pump R1
Pst : Assistance pressure inlet (35 bar)

Note:
The M27 pressure test point located on the pilot line of the torque regulation valve enables the pressure supplied
to be controlled by the proportional valve.

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"988 " 8F - HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

THE HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT"988P" SYMBOLISED

V
B9
12
A2 R1 S M Ø 2,5 S1
A1 R2

28
80 80
G1

12
M3
9 10
12
C 5
8
X3 Ø 0,8 A A1 A
Ø 0,8 7 B EQUIP
G2 B
X4

C1
90

C TRA
R3

9 Y4 66
63
M27 209 210

Description
5 - Information selector block for LS sensor and filter on travel/stabilisers LS circuit
6 - High pressure pump (1 fixed flow body for swing function, 2 variable flow bodies for attachments, travel
and options)
7 - Low pressure pump - 1 body for steering/braking circuit+ 1 for servo system
8 - Hose / accumulator on pump LS information circuit
9 - Pressure test points: M3 on the pump LS information circuit pressure, M27 Proportional valve outlet
pressure
10 - Anti surge valve and filter on LS circuit
12 - Calibrated orifice (ø2.5 mm) on main pump irrigation circuit
63 - Electro-hydraulic proportioning valve (DRE4)
66 - Electronic control box
90 - Pressure selector on attachments and travel/stabiliser LS circuits

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8F - HYDRAULICS "988 "

HYDRAULIC PUMPS 988

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

CONTENTS PAGE

C EXCAVATORS ELECTRO-CONTROL VALVE BLOCK.......................................8G.02.00

P EXCAVATORS ELECTRO-CONTROL VALVE BLOCK. ......................................8G.04.00
P35 PRESSURE LIMITER......................................................................................8G.06.00
EMERGENCY FOOT PUMP/MANIFOLD ...............................................................8G.07.00
CONTROL LEVERS ...............................................................................................8G.08.00
C TRAVEL CONTROL BLOCK ...............................................................................8G.10.00
P TRAVEL CONTROL BLOCK. ..............................................................................8G.12.00
P TRAVEL MOVEMENT CONTROL PANEL ..........................................................8G.14.00
CONTROL PEDALS ...............................................................................................8G.16.00

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

C EXCAVATORS ELECTRO-CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

It is located on the control valve partition, on the walkway side, near the fuel tank

Description B1 B2
2 M7
It consists of:
1 - Base
2 - Arm rest safety Y2 electro-control valve 3
3 - Automatic swing brake Y5 electro-control valve
4 - P35 pressure limiter (35 bar)
5 - hydraulic travel motor displacement change
solenoid valve
M7 - Upper structure brake release circuit pressure 4
test point
S24 - Left hand arm rest safety contact switch
T1 1

1
4 1
P F
B1
Y5 2
211

A1
3
Y2 B2
55 S24

A2 49
Y2 Y6
A3
T1 4
B3
B4
Y6
219
3 2 5
A4

MP MF

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

C EXCAVATORS ELECTRO-CONTROL BLOCK
Purpose of the various components:

Arm-rest lifting safety solenoid valve (2)

• When the left hand arm rest is lowered, switch SD5
activates this electro-control valve.The pilots circuits
manifold is fed via B1.
• When the left hand arm rest is lifted, switch SD5
deactivates the electro-control valve.The manifold isno
longer fed. No movement is possible at the receiving
components. This is a safety precaution when the driver
is entering or leaving the camp

The swing brake release solenoid valve (3)

- When at rest, it returns the hydraulic swing brake SD5
chamber to the reservoir. The upperstructure is
mechanically
braked.
- When it is activated electrically by the electronic control box, it provides upperstructure brake release. (See
chapter 8J : swing function)

P35 pressure limiter (4)

• It limits the pressure in allthe pilot circuits to 35 bar.
Its return passes into the P3 valve (6),located on the swing control valve, to give a supplementary flow on the
swing return, thus force feeding that component.and also provides irrigation to the main pumps via a calibrated
orifice ( Ø :2.,5 mm, located on the pump R2 port).

The hydraulic travel motor displacement change solenoid valve (5)

Control box ”TRAVEL 1” position
- When at rest it returns the hydraulic travel motor displacement change selector to the reservoir. the hydraulic
travel motors are in high displacement position (low speed).
Control box ”TRAVEL 2” position
It is electrically activated by the electronic control box and hydraulically pilots the travel motor selector, the travel
motors therefore change to low displacement (high speed).

Port locations
P - Pilot pump inlet
F - Return to tank
A1 - Plug
B2 - Swing brake release circuit
A2 - Plug
B1 - Feed to pilot circuits manifold
A3 - Plug
B3 - Plug
A4 - Plug
B4 - Hydraulic travel motor displacement change pilot (two-speed excavators)
M7 - Swing brake release pressure test point
MP - Plug
MF - Plug
T1 - Return from P35 limiter (35 bar)

NOTE:
Base 1 enables the electro-control valve block , located under the walkway, to be fed so as to certain options

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 8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

P EXCAVATOR ELECTRO CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

2 3 4 5 M7 A4 B4 A3 B3 B2 B1 M7
T1

Y13

6
Y5 A1
Y 11
Y2 7
B5

A5
Y 27

MF
F
MP P
Y 26

Y 14
1 C

1
P F
P F 4
55 B1
1 3

3 Y13 Y2 A1

Y5 B2
7 6 5 3
211 2

B4 B3 B1 A2
5
B3
Y27 Y 11 Y 13 A3 T

T1
T1 Y12
Y14 B4

Y 26 Y12 Y5 Y2
Y11 6
MP A4
A1 MF
A5 B5 A4 A3 A1
Y26 Y27 B5

51 7
50 A5

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

P EXCAVATOR ELECTRO CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
It is located on the control valve partition, on the walkway side near the fuel tank

NOTE:
The second electr-controlvalve block located under the walkway is used for the working brake and for controlling
option control valves if fitted. It is fed in parallel with this block.

Description
It consists of:
1 - Base
2 - The swing brake release solenoid valve Y5
3 - Selector block for circuit between manifold feed and front axle pilot
4 - Arm rest safety (Y2) and arm rest safety and front axal unlocking(Y13 ) electro control valve
5 - P35 pressure limiter (35 bar)
6 - Travel speed range electro-control valve:job range (Y11) and road range (Y12)
7 - Stabilizer and Dozer blade electro-control valve: raising (Y26) and lowering (Y27)
M7 - Upper structure brake release circuit pressure test point

Purpose ofthe various components:

The swing brake release solenoid valve Y5 (2) (See previous page)

The selector block (3)

It enables the hydraulic controls to be fed when solenoid valve Y2 is activated and feed to those same circuits plus
the front axle locking circuit when the solenoid valve Y13 is activated.

The electro-control valve (4)

Disactivated: safety, no pilot circuits are fed
Activated at Y2 : pilot circuits and front axal locking is fed
Activated at Y13 : pilot circuits and front axal unlocking is fed

P35 pressure limiter (5) (see preceeding page)

The electro control valve (6)

Activated at Y11 : selection of job-site range on travel function
Activated at Y12: selection of road range on travel function

The electro control valve (7)

Activated at Y26 : Raising stabilizers and dozer blade
Activated at Y27 : lowering stabilizers and dozer blade

Port locations valve lock leak return

P - Inlet from pilot pump
F - Return to tank A4 - Gear box cylinder large chaber feed
T - P35 limiter (35 bar) B4 - Gear box cylinder small chamber feed
M7 - Swing brake release pressure test point A5 - Pilots the stabilizer/blade control valve to
A1 - Front axal locking cylinders feed feed the small chambers of the stabilizer and
B1 - Pilot circuits manifold feed blade cylinders
A2 - Swing brake release circuit B5 - Pilots the stabilizer/blade control valve to
B2 - Plug feed the large chambers of the stabilizer and
A3 - Feed to working brake and options electro blade cylinders
control valve (located under the walkway) MP - Plug
B3 - Working brake and options electro control MF - Plug

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE P35 PRESSURE LIMITER (35 bar)

It is located on the electro-control valve baser

3 2 1
P3
5 4

7 6 T1

P
F

Purpose
It limits the pressure in the pilot system

Description
1 - Body
2 - Pushrod
3 - Pressure limiter P3
4 - Preset springs
5 - Sealing ring
6 - Adjustments shims
7 - Cap

Port locations
P - Gear pump inlet in base of electro-control valve block
F - Functional leak returns to the tank
T - Return to pressure limiter P3

Working Principles
The hydraulic fluid coming from the gear pump arrives at P in the base and enters the pressure limiter.
When the hydraulic force acting on the front of piston 2 is greater than the force of spring 3, piston 2 moves back,
allowing the fluid to pass.
The pressure setting is adjusted by the use of shims 7 behind the spring.

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE EMERGENCY FOOT PUMP
It is located on the floor of the cab

Purpose
It enables:
- The control blocks: control levers, travel control block and control panels to be activated in case of an engine
failure or a failure in the electro-control valve Y2 and Y13 electrical circuit
- The pressure in the hydraulics circuits to be released so as to perform operations requiring piping or
components to be disassembled.

Operation:
The pump is pressed a number of times with the foot while holding one or other of the controls in the required
position.
The pump takes fluid from the return circuit via oriface T11 in the manifold and then pumps it, via orifice P6 into
the feed circuits ofthe various control blocks.
It is fitted with two non-return valves, one for the inlet the other for the outlet

P6

T5

THE MANIFOLD
It is attached to the floor of the cab

Purpose:
It is a drilled block which collects the feed and returns circuits from the various feed blocks.
Pressure test point M4 and minimum pilot pressure switch B3 are located on this manifold.

T5 B3 M4
P6

3,39

P0 P10 P11 P2 P4 P6 T8 T5 T7 T0
T4
T6
P9 P1 P7 P8 P5 P3 T9 T2 T3 T1

M4 15 bar

17
+ 49
B3

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

1 23

2 24

3 22

21
4
20
5
19
6
18
7
17

10

11

12

13

T U1 U2 P
14

15

16

P Z1

Z2 T

Z4 Z3

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

CONTROL LEVERS
They are located on the seat arm rests

Purpose:
They enable the various control valves to be controlled in a hydraulically assisted manner.
For the attachment functions, each control valve can control four movements of which two can be controlled at the
same time ifnecessary.
The control levers pilot the following functions:

1 5
Right hand control lever A Left hand control lever B
4 6
1 - Boom raising 2 8 5 - Dipper retracting
2 - Bucket closing 6 - Left hand swing
3 - Boom lowering 7 - Dipper extending
4 - Bucket opening 8 - Right hand swing
3 7
A B

Description
1 - Control lever 9 - Half-cup 17 - Seal
2 - Universal joint 10 - Pre set spring 18 - Seal
3 - Cam 11 - Shim 19 - Upper body
4 - Pushrod 12 - Return spring 20 - Retaining plate
5 - Seal 13 - Pushrod 21 - Boot
6 - Pushrod guide 14 - Lower body 22 - Cup
7 - Seal 15 - Seal 23 - Stop
8 - Cup 16 - Screw 24 - Pre set spring

Port locations
P - Feed coming from manifold
T - Return going to manifold

Left hand control lever Right hand control lever

Z1 - Dipper retracting Z1 - Boom lowering
Z2 - Left hand upper structure swing Z2 - Bucket opening
Z3 - Right hand upper structure swing Z3 - Bucket closing
Z4 - Dipper extending Z4 - Boom raising

Working Principle:
Using the feed circuit (P) at 35 bar, the control lever delivers a pilot pressure which is proportional to the tilting of
the lever.
It is a pressure reducer.
This pressure acts on the control valve spool which is to control. The spool moves depending onthe pressure
which it receives. if a function in one direction is controlled, the circuit in the other direction has to be on the leak
return position to facilitate the movement of the control valve spool. This is also done by the control levers, via
oriface T
Onthe drawing opposite, the feed circuit pressure arrives at P and one side of the chosen function is fed at U2 at a
pressure which depends on the tilting angle of lever 1.
The otherside of the function comes back to U1 to return to the tank at T, passing via spool 13.
When the control leve is tilted to the maximum, the pressure delivered by the control lever is regulated to 24 and
28 bar.

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

C TRAVEL MANUEL CONTROL BLOCK (INCHING)

P35

A 4
M4
Y2
Y2 B C
5

S
B324
P
7

T 8

P
B 10

11

12
A
B
13

14
M6

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

C TRAVEL MANUEL CONTROL BLOCK (INCHING)
It is located on the left of the driver’s seat

Purpose:
It enables, depending upon the tilting angle of the lever,
the control pedals to be fed where they reduce pressure
so as to have a lower travel speed even when the control
pedals are pushed fully down.
Examples:
Slow travel-driving on or off a transport trailer

Description:
1 - Lever
2 - Boot
3 - Index block
4 - Notched cam(A - B )
5 - Cam
6 - Lever stiffness adjustment screw
7 - Upper body
8 - Pushrod
9 - Return spring
10 - Pre set spring
11 - Shims
12 - Pushrod
13 - Lower body
14 - Coupling block (located on the cab floor which enables a pressure test fitting M6 to be fitted if
necessary).

DETAILS OF NOTCHES ON NOTCHED CAM (4)

A - Rest position
B - Maximum position

PORT LOCATIONS:
P - Pilot circuit pressure inlet (35 bar)
After the arm rest safety electro-control valve
F - Return to tank
B - Outlet to the two control valve pedals inlets

OPERATION:
When at rest
Control lever 1 is kept in position by indexing system 3. Return spring 9 holds pushrod 8 and spool 11 in the rest
position. There is no communication from B to P but from B to T.
When the lever is tilted,
Cam 5 moves pushrod assembly 8 and spool 11 while compressing spring 9. This brings about communication of
B to P via the passage in spool 12 and it establishes a pressure at the entry of the control pedals.
This pressure will be proportional to the tilting angle of the lever.

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE MANUAL TRAVEL CONTROL BLOCK P (INCHING)

1
2

4
Y 13

T 5
6
P
Y2

C
A B

8
9
T 10
11
12
P
13

14
A C B 54
S 24

15

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE MANUAL TRAVEL CONTROL BLOCK P (INCHING)
Purpose:
Located on the left of the driver it selects the machine travel direction (forward or reverse) and by infinite
graduations it enables the travel control valve spool pilot pressure to be limited even if the travel pedal is in the
maximum position

DESCRIPTION:
1 - Lever.
2 - Boot
3 - Indexing block
4 - Notched cam
5 - Cam
6 - Lever stiffness adjustment screw
7 - Upper body
8 - Pushrod
9 - Return spring
.10 - Regulator spring
11 - Pushrod
12 - Shims
13 - Shuttle ball
14 - Seat cap
15 - Lower body

Port locations:
A - Reverse travel control valve pilot
B - Pressure inlet to travel pedal
P - Forward travel control valve pilot
T - Return to tank
C - Oriface for travel pilot pressure detector switch (B54) for the automatic front axal unlocking function

Operation:
It is a pressure reducer. It limits the outlet pressure at orifaces A and B depending upon the tilting angle of control
lever 1, regardless of the inlet pressure at P.

In the rest position

Control lever 1 is maintained in position by indexing system 3. Return spring 9 maintains pushrods 7 and spool 11
at the high position. There is no communication from P to A or B, but from A and B to T.

Lever tilted:
This makes cam 5 move the pushrod 8 and spool 11 assembly while compressing spring 9. This enables
communication from P to A or B via the passages in spool 11 and creates the pressure in the control valve pilot
circuit which depends on the angle of tilt of the lever.(it is a pressure reducer).
.For the control valve spool to move, the other pilot circuit must be in the return totank position, this is done by the
other spool which has remained in the neutral position and which permits communication with the tank via oriface
T. As soon as there is a pressure in oneof these circuits, via shuttle ball 13, the pressure switch is informed and it
permits the travel function to be detected so as to automatically unlock the front axal if front axal automatic
unlocking function has been selected.

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

TRAVEL MOVEMENT CONTROL PEDAL P

2
T 17

3
P
16
4

15
5
A
14

13

12
6

11 7

T
P

8
10

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

TRAVEL MOVEMENT CONTROL PEDAL P

Purpose:
Placed on the right hand of the pedal assembly, this enables the travel ofthe machine to be controlled (forward or
reverse depending on the position of the manual control block which it is feeding). This action is proportional to the
angle of tilt of the control pedal.

DESCRIPTION:
1 - Lock nut . 9 - Stop ring
2 - Pushrod 10 - Plate
3 - Screw of spring guide 11 - Plate
4 - Sleeve 12 - Body
5 - Boot 13 - Spring guide
6 - Seal 14 - Pushrod return spring
7 - Spool 15 - Regulator spring
8 - Return spring 16 - Seal
17 - Screw

Port locations:
A - Manual control block feed
P - Pilot circuit pressure inlet coming from manifold
T - Return to tank via the manifold

Operation:
It is a pressure reducer. It receives the pilot circuit pressure via the manifold.
Depending upon the angle of tilt of the control pedal 1, it delivers a reduced pressure to feed the manual control
block.
If the pedal is tilted to the maximum, the pressure delivered is between 27 and 29 bar

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE CONTROL PEDALS

P
1 2
T
A B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

P35
9

10

11

12

13

M4
M4
14
Y2
Y2 55 15

U1 P T U2 16
Zb Za

P T
S24
B3
P A

17

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"988 " 8G - HYDRAULICS

988 PILOT SYSTEM

THE CONTROL PEDALS
They are located on the floor of the cab:

Purpose:
For crawler excavators: they give hydraulically assisted control of the travel control valve sections and, located
on either side of these pedals, two other pedals can feed the attachment options control valves (see chapter 8K)
For wheeled excavators: they are only used to control an option control valve section.

On this page we will study the operating principle of the travel control pedals which have a special feature of a
manual control block in their feed circuit.

Control pedal A controls the left hand travel control valve section.
Control pedal B controls the right hand travel control valve section.
When speaking of left hand or right hand hydraulic motors, we mean that the hydraulic travel motors are behind
the cab.

If one pushes on the front of the pedals, the forward travel is fed and if one pushes on the rear, it is reverse travel
which is fed.

Description:
1 - Control pedal 9 - Pushrod guide
2 - Retention plate 10 - Seal
3 - Pivot 11 - Half-cup
4 - Screw 12 - Cup
5 - Adjustment screw 13 - Pre set spring
6 - Protector 14 - Return spring
7 - Pushrod 15 - Spool
8 - Seal 16 - Body

Port locations
P - Pressure inlet coming from Manuel travel control block
T - Return to tank passing via the manifold
U1 -- Forward travel pilot
U2 - Reverse travel pilot

Working Principles:
The control pedals are fed in parallel, passing via the manuel control block
Neutral position: When the pedal isin neutral position, the pilot circuit fluid arriving at P is blocked by spool 15.
The control valve spool pilot circuits U1 and U2 are in communication with the tank via the central passages in
spool 15.

Feed position (depending upon the direction selected, forward or reverse)

One of the spools 15 is pushed downwards, which puts passage P in communication with one of the users U1 or
U2, via the central spool passage 15
Using circuit P (at a maximum pressure of 35 bars) spool 15 delivers a pressure which is proportional to the angle
of tilt of the pedal.
It is a pressure reducer.
This pressure acts on the control valve spool which one wants to control. The spool moves depending upon the
pressure which it receives.
For the control valve spool to be able to move, the pilot circuit opposite to the one that one wishes to feed must be
at the return to tank position.
This is done by the other spool 15 which remains in a neutral position.
When the pedal is pushed to the maximum, there is a pressure of 34 to 36 bar in the control valve spool pilot
circuit.

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8G - HYDRAULICS "988 "

988 PILOT SYSTEM

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

CONTENTS PAGE

- THE ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK ....................................................8H 02.00

- THE INLET PLATE - THE RELIEF VALVE ......................................................8H .04 00
- THE CONTROL VALVE SECTION..................................................................................8H 06.00
- THE SAFETY VALVES - THE PRESSURE SELECTORS ....................................8H 08.00
- THE FLOW REGULATOR (BALANCE VALVE). ......................................................8H 10.00
- OPERATION OF A CONTROL VALVE SECTION ....................................................8H 12.00
- PRESSURE LIMITER BLOCK P10 ..............................................................................8H 16.00

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

D Za3 C Za2 B Za1 A T4 M1

P3

E
P1
A2
F4
A3 T

B3 A1

B2 B1

Za2 Za1 P3 M1
P3
Za3
P4

A2

A3
P1
B3
A1
Zb3

M1

Za3 Zb3 Za2 Zb2 Za1 Zb1 LS P1 P2 M T1 T3

F4 F2 F1 F3

F5

T2 T

B3 A3 B2 A2 B1 A1 P4 P3 T4

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

Za3 Za2 Za1

M1 T4 M1

A3 A2 A1
P3 P1
P4

F1
F1
B3 B2 B1 T2
T1 F4
F6
P2
F3
T3
T

Zb3 Zb2 Zb1

D C B A

LS

P2
E
F5
T4
T
M 1 F2

It is located on the control valve partition

It consists of:
A -- Inlet plate
B - Boom control valve section
C - Bucket control valve section
D - Dipper or clamshell control valve section
E - Pressure limiter block P10

Port identifications

On inlet plate A On boom control valve section B

P1 - Outlet to travel control valve Za1 - Small chambers feed spool pilot
P2 - Variable flow pump inlet Zb1 - Large chambers feed spool pilot
P3 - Low flow options control valve outlet A1 - Cylinder small chambers feed
P4 - High flow options control valve outlet B1 - Cylinder large chambers feed
T1 - Travel control valve return
T2 - Return to tank passing via P10 On bucket control valve section C
T3 - Swing inlet plate 0,5 bar valve return on Za2 - Small chamber feeds spool pilot
C excavators Zb2 - Large chamber feeds spool pilot
Steering return on P excavators A2 - Cylinder small chamber feed
T4 - Low flow options control valve return B2 - Cylinder large chamber feed
M1 - Low flow pump body pressure test point
LS - Pump LS valve information circuit On boom control valve section D
The highest pressure out of boom, bucket Za3 - Small chamber feed spool pilot
and dipper Zb3 - Large chamber feed spool pilot
A3 - Cylinder small chamber feed
B3 - Cylinder large chamber feed
For ports on the P10 block, see the end of this section

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

INLET PLATE

T1 P1

M1
P3

T3 G T2 G1 G T4

P2 P4

LS
P

RELIEF VALVE DETAILS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

INLET PLATE

Purpose:
It receives the fluid coming from the variable flow pump
It feeds the attachment control valve sections, the travel control valve and the stabilizer and option control valves.
It allows the attachment, travel/stabilizer and option functions to return to the tank, passing via pressure limiter P10
which is attached to this plate.
It enables LS circuit information from the attachment function to arrive at the “LOAD SENSING” valve of the pump.
It contains relief valve 5 and it can be used for connecting a pressure gauge at M.

Port locations:

P2 : Inlet from variable displacement pump

P1 : Outlet to travel/stabilizer control valve
P3 : Low flow option control valve outlet
P4 : High flow option control valve outlet
T1 : Return from travel/stabilizer control valve
T2 : Return to tank for attachment, travel/stabilizer functions, passing via pressure limiter P10.
T3 : Return from steering box for wheeled excavators
T4 : Plugged or low flow option control valve return
M : Pressure gauge test point
LS : Attachment function LOAD SENSING information
P : Outlet to the attachment control valve 3 sections.
G : Return from receiving components, from relief valve and safety valves .
G1 : Force feed manifold
A : Direct action relief valve.

RELIEF VALVE A

Purpose:
It protects the circuits between the pump and the control valves spools when these are in the rest position.

Description:

It is in the form of a cartridge which includes:

1 - Primary valve seat 10 - Seal
2 - Seal and seal support 11 - Cartridge
3 - Primary valve 12 - Seal and seal support
4 - Return spring 13 - Pushrod/adjusting screw
5 - Secondary valve seat 14 - Lock washer
6 - Seal and seal support 15 - Protector
7 - Seal
8 - Secondary valve
9 - Pressure setting spring

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

5 15 10 13 8 14 11 12 6

Za

G
1

D
P

2
G1

D 3

E
Zb C

4 15 10 7 8

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES SECTION

Purpose:
Depending upon the position of the control spool, it directs the fluid to the receiving component and enables it to
return to the tank, or it blocks the feed ports and return ports from receiving components when in the neutral
position.

Composition:

1 : Control valve section body

2 : Flow regulator assembly (balance valve)
3 : Control spool assembly
4 : Safety valve on large chamber feed
5 : Safety valve on small chamber feed
6 : Pressure selector on “LOAD SENSING” circuit
(On boom and dipper section only)

The passages communicate with:

P : Variable flow pump inlet protected by the relief valve in the inlet plate.
A&B : Feed and return from cylinders (A large chamber B small chamber)
Za : Large chamber feed pilot
Zb : Small chamber feed pilot
G : Return manifold, safety valves excess.
G1 : Force-feed manifold (at 10 bar from P10).

CONTROL SPOOL ASSEMBLY 3.

Purpose:
In the rest position, it closes off the pump inlet and the outlets to receiving components.
In a piloted position, in either direction, it feeds and accepts return from the cylinder and informs the “LOAD-
SENSING” valve of the variable flow pump; passing via pressure selector 6.

Description:

7 : Cap
8 : cap screw
10 : Cap seal
11 : Cap
12 : Spring
13 : Cap
14 : Washer
15 : Restrictor
- The two circular grooves E enable the pump LS circuit to communicate with the tank, when the control spool is in
the neutral position, passing via limiter P10.
- The spool has two holes C, which bring the feed circuit pressure to the balance valve spool and to pressure
selector 6 to inform the variable flow pump LS valve.
- The control spool has asymmetric gradual notches D
- The force feed pressure at G is used to irrigate the pilot circuits of spool 3, via restrictor 15.

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

Safety valves 4 and 5

4 A B 5

G1

G G

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12
G1

11 13
G

Pressure selector 6

18 19 20 21 22

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES SECTION (CONTINUED)

SAFETY VALVE ASSEMBLIES 4 AND 5:

These are direct action valves with force feed valve.

Purpose:
They protect the hydraulic circuits between the control valve spool when it is in the rest position and the receiving
component.
The force feed valves, in relation with the counter pressure valve P10, are used for sealing purposes between the
low pressure circuits and the receiving component feed.
Whenever cavitation appears, the force feed valve opens communication between the two circuits.

Description:
It is in the form of a cartridge which includes:
1 - Seat
2 - Valve
3 - Spring guide
4 - Seal and seal support
5 - Pressure setting spring
6 - Valve body
7 - Seal and seal support
8 - Pushrod/adjusting screw
9 - Locking ring
10 - Protector
11 - Lock ring
12 - Force feed valve
13 - Return spring

- Body 6 is crimped onto seat 1 of the valve and sealing between the seat of the valve and the control valve
section body is done by metal to metal contact.

PRESSURE ASSEMBLY SELECTOR 6:

It is in the form of a cartridge, screwed into the body.
It is only fitted on the boom and bucket control valve elements.

Purpose:
It selects the greatest pressure between two functions.
1) For the selector located on the bucket section, it selects the greatest pressure between the dipper function
and the bucket function and communicates it to the selector located on the boom section.
2) For the selector located on the boom section, it selects the greatest pressure between boom, bucket and dipper
and informs it to the variable flow pump “LOAD SENSING” valve.

Description:
18 : Seat
19 : Valve
20 : O-ring
21 : Cap
22 : O-ring

On the dipper section, the orifice for the selector is plugged by plug 21 and seal 22.

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

THE FLOW REGULATOR (BALANCE VALVE) 2

PS

∆P2

PA PA
S2
S1 S2
S1
∆P1
PE

PS ∆P2
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
S1

37
S2

39

40

PA ∆P1 PE

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES SECTION (CONTINUED).

FLOW REGULATOR ASSEMBLY (BALANCE VALVE) 2:

Purpose:
1) It limits the maximum flow for each function, depending on its adjustment.
2) When the control valve spools are in the partially opened positions, it only allows the passage of a flow which
is in relation to the tilting angle of the control levers.
This enables several functions to be fed simultaneously, even if the pressures required for each are different.

BASIC OPERATION:

PE : Pressure at balance valve spool inlet.

∆ p1 : Pressure drop created by the amount of flow passing via the spool and depending upon the position of
the spool.
PA : Pressure acting on section S1 at the front of the balance valve spool.
∆ p2 : Pressure drop created by the amount of flow passing via the control valve spool and depending upon the
position of that spool.
PS : Outlet pressure after the control valve spool (receiving component feed pressure).

We therefore have:

PE =∆ p1 + ∆ p2 + PS.

PA = PE - ∆ p1.

PS = PA - ∆ p2.

When we have PA x S1 = PS x S2 + the force of the spring, the balance valve is in equilibrium and the required
flow feeds the receiving component.
To increase the flow passing via the balance valve the force of the spring must be increased by tightening
the adjusting screw.

Description:

23 - Cap 32 - Adjustment assembly guide

24 - Seal support 33 - O-ring
25 - O-ring 34 - Seal support
26 - Thrust washer 35 - O-ring
27 - Lock ring 36 - Seal support
28 - Non-return valve spring 37 - Locking ring
29 - Non-return valve 38 - Cap washer
30 - Balance valve spool 39 - Adjustment screw
31 - Balance valve spring 40 - Pushrod

*The control valve non-return valve is incorporated in the balance valve spool

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

OPERATION OF A CONTROL VALVE SECTION:

a) Control valve spool at rest position

B A

Zb Za

In this position the control valve spool blocks the entry of fluid from the pump at P and the feed A and B to the
cylinder.
It opens communication for the pump LS valve circuit with the tank, passing via pressure limiter P10.

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

OPERATION OF A CONTROL VALVE SECTION:

b) Control valve spool piloted in one direction (Zb) with the balance valve in equilibrium.

4
B A 5

Zb Za

P 31

29 30

The fluid delivered by the pump arrives at P, passes through balance spool 30, pushes non-return valve 29, leaves
the balance valve spool, passes through the gradual notches of control valve spool 3, and the end of valve 4,
finally leaving the control valve section at B to feed the cylinder large chamber.
The oil expelled from the small chamber of the cylinder enters the control valve section at A, passes in front of the
safety valve 5, passes through the control valve spool gradual notches 3, arrives at the force feed manifold G,
leaves the control valve section, passes through the inlet plate and opens pressure limiter P10 to end at the tank.
The large chamber feed circuit pressure passes through the axial holes in the control valve spool 3 brings the
pressure information to the balance valve (spring end) and also transmits this pressure to the pump LS valve,
passing through pressure selector 6.
The pressure upstream of control valve spool 3 acts on the rear section (non-return valve end) of the balance
valve spool.
The pressure drop between the two circuits moves the balance valve spool, while compressing spring 31. This
reduces the fluid passage section coming from the pump at P so as to allow only the required flow to pass,
depending upon the adjustment.

c) Control valve spool piloted in the other direction (Za):

The fluid takes the reverse direction so as to feed the cylinder small chamber, which makes the rod return into the
cylinder barrel.
It will be seen that in this feed direction, the gradual notches on the control valve spool 3 have a smaller passage
section, which will therefore give less flow to feed this function.
The balance valve works in the same manner as before.
Special feature of boom control valve spool

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

Special feature of boom control valve spool

B A
5

Zb Za

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

Special feature of boom control valve spool

The gradual notches on control valve spool 3 are asymmetrical. As a result if this spool is piloted for part of its
stroke on the small chamber feed end at Za, it will be seen that the feed on the small chamber end is still blocked,
whereas the return from the large chamber is open.
The load can therefore be lowered without feeding the cylinder small chamber.
Cavitation is prevented by the valve force feed valve 5 as a result of the low pressure existing in the return circuit
(P10 effect).

In this movement, no power is consumed.

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

P10 PRESSURE LIMITER BLOCK

18 19 20 21 22 23

T F1
18
19
20
21
22
23

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"988" 8H - HYDRAULICS

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

PRESSURE LIMITER BLOCK (P10)

Purpose:
- It creates a low pressure in the return circuits from cylinders, travel motors and options so as to insure force
feeding.
-It also collects part of the leak returns from various functions.
- It is bolted to the attachment control valve
- It is fitted standard to the returns on the before mentionedreceiving components and on there feed circuits
safety valveexcess flows.
- It has a pre-set pressure setting of 10 bar.

Description:
18 : Block
19 : Valve
20 : Locking ring (stop)
21 : Spring
22 : O-ring
23 : Cap.

Port locations:
P : Return from attachment, travel and option receiving components
T : Return to tank passing via the filters.
F1 : Functional leak returns from the various hydraulic blocks
to F6

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8H - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 ATTACHMENT CONTROL VALVES BLOCK

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING

CONTENTS PAGE

SWING CONTROL VALVE BLOCK ..........................................................................8J.02.00

RELIEF VALVE..........................................................................................................8J.04.00
CONTROL VALVE SECTION....................................................................................8J.04.00
CLOSING PLATE ......................................................................................................8J.05.00
FORCE FEED AND SAFETY BLOCK .....................................................................8J.06.00
HYDRAULIC SWING MOTOR ..................................................................................8J.08.00
THE AUTOMATIC SWING BRAKE...........................................................................8J.10.00
ACCUMULATOR BLOCK ON CONTROL VALVE CIRCUITS..................................8J.12.00

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8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING

SWING CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

C excavators 6 8 5 P3 : 3bar C excavators
2 M2 4
8
4
7
Za Zb
T

T2 3

7
P
A B 1
2 5
T P
B
3bar
6

B1 T1 A1 T
A M2
P T2

Za T1 3 T2 8 Zb

Zb1 Za1
M2

3bar

B1 T1 A1 T
4
P
T2

Zb1 Za1
M2

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING
SWING CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
It is located on the control valve partition
It is an assembly consisting of one control valve element and one closing plate

Description
1 - Closing plate
2 - Control valve section and inlet plate (one piece)
3 - Plugs
4 - Spool cap
5 - Non-return valve
6 - Relief valve (indirect action)
7 - Non-return valve (C excavators)
8 - Valve 3 bar P3 (P excavators)

Port locations
A : Right hand swing hydraulic motor feed
B : Left hand swing hydraulic motor feed
M2: Pressure test point
P : Fixed flow pump inlet
T : Return to tank passing via valve P3
T2: Orifice receiving the non-return valve 7 for force feeding the attachment and travel functions (C excavators)
Plugged for P excavators
Za: Pilot port (right hand swing)
Zb: Pilot port (left hand swing)
These ports are fitted with two braking valves of ø1 mm. to slow down the movement of the control valve spool in
braking and brake release phases of the hydraulic motor

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8J- 3.00
8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING
THE RELIEF VALVE
It is an insert, screwed into the control valve section
It is the direct action type 9

Purpose:
When the excavator makes a counter-rotation, and the hydraulic motor 8
is acting as a pump, the relief valve helps the safety valve concerned
to evacuate the flow, so as to avoid pressure peaks. 7

6
Description
1 - Cartridge and valve seat 6 - Seal
2 - Seal and seal support 7 - Locking nut 5
3 - Seal 8 - Adjustment screw and spring
4 - Joint guide 4
5 - Pressure settings spring 9 - Nut
10- Protector
3

CONTROL VALVE SECTION

This parallel type section is fed independently that is to say the parallel manifold is plugged.

Purpose:
Depending on the direction of control of the spool, it feeds the swing motor in one direction or the other and
accepts the return from the swing motor.

4 3 2 1 P' T' P&S 3 4

Ra Rb

Za Zb

A B

5 6 7 8 9 10 6 5

Description:
1 - Section body 5 - Plug 9 - Plug
2 - Spool 6 - Seal 10 - Seal
3 - Spool return assembly 7 - Non-return valve
4 - Cap. 8 - Valve return spring.

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING
CONTROL VALVE SECTION

Port locations
P : Flow inlet
P' : Parallel manifold (plugged by the outlet plate)
S : Free passage outlet (via the closing plate)
T' : Outlet to tank (via the closing plate)
A : Upper structure left hand swing feed
B : Upper structure right hand swing feed
Ra: Return manifold from A to tank
Rb: Return manifold from B to tank
Za: Feed spool pilot at A
Zb: Feed spool pilot at B.

Working Principles
a) Free passage: the flow supplied by the fixed flow pump arrives at P and leaves at S, whence it goes to the
cover plate and returns to the reservoir via block P3 and the oil cooler.

b) With the control valve spool piloted

- at ZA it feeds the swing at A (right hand upper structure swing)
- at ZB it feeds swing at B (left hand upper structure swing)
Example: Piloting the spool at ZA. The fluid arrives at P, the passage P to S is blocked by the spool, the fluid lifts
non- return valve 7 by compressing spring 8 and goes to A. The return is done via port B and manifold RB.

THE CLOSING PLATE

It is an insert, screwed into the control valve section

Purpose:
It accepts the return of free passage and return from the hydraulic swing motor and directs them to the tank,
passing via the P3 block and the oil cooler.

Port locations
T’ - Return manofold of orifices A and B
T1 - Outlet from control valve to hydraulic swing motor forced feed flange.
T2 - Return manifold (plugged on P excavators, non-return valve for taking flow for attachments and travel
forced feed on C excavators)

Sealing of the port between the control valve section and the outlet plate is affected by o-rings

T2

T'

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8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING
SAFETY AND FORCED-FEED BLOCK

G M1
1 G A A'

2
G1
L
G2
L

B' B B'
A'
3
M2

A B 1

4 A' B'
5

7 L
8
3
9

10
M1 M2
11

12 13 14

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING
The safety and forced feed block
- It is attached to the hydraulic swing motor

Purpose:
- The safety valves limit the motor feed pressure
- When the control valve spool is in the rest position, they protect the circuit between the spool and the motor
during the deceleration of the
upper structure
- The forced feed valves prevent cavitation in the motor

Description
1 - Block
2 - Forced feed valves with return spring
3 - Safety valves

Port locations
A’-B' - Hydraulic fluid feed or return from hydraulic motor
A-B - Ports in contact with the feed face of the motor
L - Forced feed supplied from P35 valve opening
G - Force feed, fed by P3 block

Technical details of safety valves

They are in the form of a cartridge and they are indirect action type.
4 - Primary valve seat
5 - Seal and back-up ring
6 - Primary valve
7 - Spring
8 - Secondary valve
9 - Secondary valve seat
10 - Seal
11 - Spring
12 - Adjustment screw
13 - Nut
14 - Protector

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8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING
HYDRAULIC SWING MOTOR

C F 1

B A F
G
B
L C
2

3 8
A

4
6 9
5 7
10
11
12
1 2 3 4

A
F

6
C
7

10

11

12

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING
HYDRAULIC SWING MOTOR
- This is a high speed, axial piston, fixed displacement type motor

Purpose:
- It transmits a rotary motion to the reduction gear so as to drive the upper structure swing motion

Description
1 - Upper housing
2 - Distribution plate
3 - Piston with rings (7)
4 - Barrel with teeth
5 - Seal between the two housings
6 - Crown wheel with teeth
7 - Shaft
8 - Taper roller bearings
9 - Straight roller bearings
10 - Lower housing
11 - Locking rings
12 - Shaft output lip seal

Port locations
A - Right hand upper structure swing feed
B - Left hand upper structure swing feed
F - Functional leaks to the tank
C - Swing speed detector port
Working Principles
Depending upon the direction of feed, the fluid enters by one of the ports A or B
Via the orifices in the fixed plate 2, the fluid is injected on three pistons, three others are on the return position and
one piston is neutral.
The pressure makes the three pistons move out of barrel 4, which makes the barrel assembly 4 and shaft 7 rotate,
with the movement synchronized by tooth wheel 6.
The three pistons which were in the return position move back into barrel 4, push the oil out by the other port,
whence it returns to the tank, via the control valve and the P3 block

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8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING

THE AUTOMATIC SWING BRAKE

3 6 7 8 9 3 10
A

2
11

12

13
1

14

15

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"988" 8J - HYDRAULICS

988 SWING
THE AUTOMATIC SWING BRAKE
- It is located on the upper part of the swing reduction gear.
It is a static, multi-disc, oil bath brake, mechanically braked by springs and with automatic brake release by low
pressure, coming from the assistance circuit.

Purpose:
- To immobilize the upper structure when it is not rotating.

Description:

1 - Brake housing
2 - Hydraulic swing motor
3 - Seal between hydraulic motor and spacer
4 - Spacer
5 - Seal between spacer and brake housing
6 - Locking ring
7 - Spacer
8 - Brake piston return springs
9 - Brake piston
10 - Dip stick
11 - Brake pistons seals
12 - Steel and bi-metallic disk stack
13 - Flat drum
14 - Locking ring
15 - Splined sleeve connecting the hydraulic motor, the reduction gear and the brake

Port locations
A - Low pressure hydraulic circuit inlet for brake release

Brake release operation

- See basic working principles for electronic servo functions

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8J - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 SWING
The accumulating bloc on the command circuits of the distributor
- It is located under the swing distributor.
- It is adouble spring accumulator
Purpose :
- It allows a spool control temporisation (of the swing A1
distributor) in order to release completly the brake of the B1
reduction gear before the command of the swing hydraulic
motor.

Description:

1 - Housing
2 - Piston B
A
3 - Composite Seal
4 - Spring
5 - O ring
6 - Cover
7 - Screw

Port locations
A - Pilote circuit inlet for the right rotation control.
A1 - To the pilot circuit for the right rotation control.
B - Pilote circuit inlet for the left rotation control.
B1 - To the pilot circuit for the left rotation control.

Zb1 Za1
M2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A1 B1

A B

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

THE TURNING JOINT 8K.03.00

THE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK 8K.04.00
THE TRAVEL MOTOR AUTOMATIC BRAKE RELEASE VALVE 8K.10.00
THE EXCESS FLOW LIMITATION VALVE 8K.12.00
THE SPEED LIMITER 8K.14.00
THE ANTI-DEVIATION VALVE 8K.16.00
HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON SINGLE-SPEED EXCAVATORS 8K.18.00
THE AUTOMATIC TRAVEL BRAKE 8K.20.00
HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS 8K.22.00
THE TRAVEL PRESSURE SELECTOR BLOCK 8K.26.00

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8

X6
REAR
FRONT Zb2
A2 ARRIERE A
AVANT

REAR Za2
ARRIERE

B2 FRONT B
8
AVANT
9 X F X4 X5
5
7
6 LS2
1
F X4 X5
4 B1 FRONT B
3 REAR Zb1 AVANT
2 ARRIERE
10 FRONT Za1
AVANT
2
A
A1 REAR

B
18 A LS1
ARRIERE
X

1
Pp1 10 9
Pp2
T
LS
M M2 11
17 P
F Z2
Z1 12
M3

13

16 15 14

Components on undercarriage
1 - Right-hand track travel section including:
2 - Balance valve spool
3 - Non-return check valve in balance spool
4 - Automatic flow equalisation system non-return check valve
5 - Control valve spool
6 - Forced-feed check valves
7 - Safety valves
8 - Right-hand hydraulic motor
9 - Left-hand hydraulic motor
(These motors are variable displacement for two-speed excavators and fixed displacement for single-
speed excavators).
10 - Left-hand travel section, including all components of 1 above, plus:
15 - Pressure selector for LS travel information
16 - Control valve spool pilot pressure selector for brake release and anti-excess flow valve
11 - Control valve inlet plate including:
12 - Speed limiter
13 - Travel motor-reduction gear assembly automatic brake release valve
14 - Anti-excess flow valve
17 - Anti-deviation valve
18 - Turning joint

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

THE TURNING JOINT
- It is attached to the undercarriage by its external sleeve and the internal pivot is rotated by the swing at the same
time as the undercarriage, by means of an attaching lug.
Purpose:
- It allows high and low pressure circuits to pass between the undercarriage and the upperstructure.

4
3

10
2 2
3
4
1
1
6
Description
1 - Sleeve 7
2 - Composite seals 5
3 - Central pivot 9
4 - Upper O-ring 7
5 - Plate 8 2/2 8 1/2
6 - Screw 8
7 - Lower O-ring
8 - Lower O-ring 6 5

Passage positions
Pivot Sleeve 05 04 01 02
10 08
10- Motor displacement change pilot ........10
(two-speed excavators)
06 03
02 - Right-hand reverse travel pilot ..............2
03 - Right-hand forwards travel pilot ............3
07
04 - Left-hand forwards travel pilot ..............4
09
01 - Travel LS information circuit ..................1
06 - Travel high pressure feed ....................6 10
07 - Travel low pressure return ....................7 2
05 - Left-hand reverse travel pilot ................5 3
09- Plugged ................................................9
4
08 - Hydraulic motors leak return..................8 1/2
1
08 - Leak return from brake release valve ....8 2/2
and displacement (speed) change valve 6
for two-speed excavators
5
7
8 1/2
9
8 2/2

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

It is attached to the ring of the undercarriage central frame.

Description 3
1 - Speed limiter
2 - Inlet plate
3 - Excess flow limiter valve
4 - Left-hand travel control valve section
5 - Right-hand travel control valve section
6 - Brake release valve
8 - Anti excess flow valve

8 6 1

1 1 2 3 4 5

M T1

Pp2

Z1
Z2

M2
3
F LS Zb1 Zb2
M2 LS T LS2
6 LS1
Pp1
B1
6
M3

B2

M2

P
1

Za1 Za2 A2
Pp2 A1
3

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

Port locations
On speed limiter 1
M2 - Plug (for motor brake release pressure test) On left-hand travel section 4
On brake release valve6 Za1 - Forwards spool pilot
M3 - Plug (for control valve spool pilot pressure test) Zb1 - Reverse spool pilot
On inlet plate2 A1 - Left-hand motor forwards feed
P - Variable displacement pump inlet B1 - Left-hand motor reverse feed
M - High pressure system pressure test point LS1 - To port B on ANTI-DEVIATION valve
T - Return to tank, via block P10 On right-hand travel section5
T1 - Plug Za2 - Reverse spool pilot
LS - Travel pressure information from LS valve Zb2 - Forwards spool pilot
F - Functional leaks return A2 - Reverse right-hand motor feed
Pp1 - ANTI-DEVIATION valve pilot B2 - Forwards right-hand motor feed
Pp2 - ANTI-DEVIATION valve pilot LS2 - To port A on ANTI-DEVIATION valve
Z1 - Travel motors brake release
Z2 - Travel motors brake release

5
REAR
FRONT Zb2
A2 ARRIERE
AVANT

REAR Za2
ARRIERE

B2 FRONT

AVANT

LS2
4
B1 FRONT
REAR Zb1 AVANT
ARRIERE

FRONT Za1
AVANT
2

A1 REAR

B ARRIERE

A LS1

1
Pp1
Pp2 1
T
8 LS
M M2

P
F Z2
Z1
2 M3

3 6

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The inlet plate 2
Description
1 - Body
2 - Plug on return/forced-feed circuit
3 - Spool pilot circuit pressure selector
4 - Travel brakes outlet restriction
5 - Plug
6 - Restrictor in automatic flow distribution system
7 - Plug for acces to restrictor

T P

1 M

2
Z

Pp1 Pp2

4
A
Z1
P’
Z2 B
6

F
LS

5 7

Port locations
P - Variable displacement pump flow inlet
T - Return to tank via P10 block
M - Pressure test point on high pressure circuit (to be installed)
Pp2 - Anti-déviation valve pilot
LS - LS travel circuit information (to pump LS valve)
F - Functional leak returns from brake release valves, displacement change valves (two-speed excavators)
and brake outlet
Z1 & Z2 - Travel motor brake release
Pp1 - Anti-déviation valve pilot
Z- Plugged
A-P’-B - Port communicating with the anti-excess flow valve

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The left-hand control valve section 4

B1 A1

G G1 G 4

Zb1 Za1

10
5

8
C
P 9

Description
1 - Body 6 - Spool return assembly
2 - Safety valve with forced-feeding check valve 7 - Pilot pressure selector
3 - Spool cap irrigation restrictor (warming) 8 - Balance valve spool assembly
4 - Spool stop (reverse) 9 - LS information pressure selector
5 - Spool 10 - Spool stop (forwards)

Port locations
P - Variable displacement pump flow inlet Za1 - Forwards spool pilot
G - Return from motors Zb1 - Reverse spool pilot
G1 - Forced-feeding manifold A1 - Forwards left-hand motor feed
C - Communication with non-return valve from the other B1 - Reverse left-hand motor feed
balance

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The right-hand control valve section 5
Description
This section is the same as the preceding section except that it has
no pilot pressure selectors nor LS information.
Only the ports are used to enable the above-mentioned pressures to
be communicated to the left-hand travel section.

1 - Spool stop (reverse)

2 - Spool stop (forwards)
5

B2 A2

Zb2 Za2

Port locations
D - Communication with non-return valve from the other balance valve
Za2 - Reverse spool pilot
Zb2 - Forwards spool pilot
A2 - Reverse left-hand motor feed
B2 - Forwards left-hand motor feed

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The balance valve spool assembly

Purpose:
These balance valves enable the flow to be shared automatically between the two tracks, even if the demand for
flow exceeds that supplied by the pump.
The same result is achieved if the resistances encountered are different.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

E D C B A

Description
1 - Protector
10 - Locking ring
2 - Lock washer
11 - Non-return valve return spring
3 - Balance valve adjusting screw
12 - Non-return valve
4 - Seal and seal holder
13 - Balance valve spool
5 - Balance valve spring
14 - Push rod
6 - Element
15 - Seals and seal holders
7 - Seals and seal holders
16 - Spacer
8 - Non-return valve
17 - Cap
9 - Push rod

Location of ports or chambers under pressure

A - Pressure delivered by anti excess flow valve
B - LS information pressure
C - Pressure after balance valve 10 and non-return valve 12
D - Pressure after balance valve 10 and non-return valves 12 and 8
E - Pressure after balance valve 10 and non-return valves 12 and 8

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

POSITION AT REST
1 2 3 4 C 5 6 7 8

V
V

Z 12 F A P F 11 10 9

FEED POSITION
∆p 1
V
V

Z F A P F

C D

REGULATION POSITION
V

Z F
V

F P
A

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
Travel motor brake release valve 6
It is attached to the inlet plate of the travel control valve

Purpose:
It reduces the high pressure received from the pump to
low pressure for releasing the brakes on the travel motor -
reduction gear assemblies.

Description
1 - Plug (M3 test point to be installed)
2 - Union
3 - Seal 6
4 - Mono-block sleeve and piston
5 - Stop
6 - Spool
7 - Thrust washer Location of ports or chambers under pressure
8 - Block C - Chamber between sleeve and spool
9 - Spring guide P - High pressure pump pressure information
10 - Pre-set spring A - To the brake chambers
11 - Seal F - Brake outlet and functional leaks return
12 - Brake outlet restrictor Z - Control valve spool pilot pressure

OPERATION:

a) POSITION AT REST (no feed to travel)

Z is connected to the tank via the pressure selectors and the control pedals.
Under the action of spring 10, the pressure reduction valve is at rest.
This position enables the brake pilot chambers to be in communication with the tank via the same valve. (A to F)
The brakes are locked mechanically.
b) FEED POSITION (feed passes to travel)
When one of the control pedals is pressed, the pressure arrives at one of the control valve spools and
simultaneously presses against their seats the two pressure selectors which correspond to the travel and the
direction desired.
This pressure arrives at Z and acts on piston 4.
At 5 bar, the valve assembly is piloted, which enables port F to be closed and port P to be opened towards A with
a pressure drop of ∆ p1.
The pressure is then in the brake circuit.
c) REGULATION POSITION
The brake circuit pressure also is in chamber C, via the functional play between sleeve 4 and spool 6.
By its movement, the spool compresses spring 10.
When the hydraulic and mechanical forces are equal, spool 6 no longer moves and passage D is closed.
At that moment a maximum pressure of 25 bar is applied to the brake.
d) No feed to travel.
As soon as the control pedal is released, pilot pressure at Z falls and spring 10 brings spool assembly 6 and sleeve
4 back to the position at rest.
The passage of the circuit between A and F is open. There is no longer any pressure in the brake chambers.
The brake chambers lock mechanically.

NOTE:
. There is a hydraulic shock-absorber for the return to rest of spool 6, since the hydraulic fluid contained in
chamber C has to evacuate via the functional play between spool 6 and sleeve 4.
. Calibrated orifice 12 is put in place to slow down the emptying of the brake chambers, since the machine has to
stop completely before mechanical braking can take place.

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

A1 REAR
B ARRIER

LS1

Pp1
Pp2
T
LS
M M2

P
F Z2
Z1

M3

3
3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

P’ 10

Za2
A1

Za1 11
15
LS
12
P B1

13
LS1
C

14
LS2

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The excess flow limitation valve 3
It is attached to the inlet plate of the travel control valve

Purpose:
It reduces the pressure which acts on pilot C of the balance valve, so as to avoid having a greater flow than the
value given by the setting of the balance valve, when using only one track, for example when removing mud from
the track.

Description
1 - Protector
2 - Cap
3 - Adjustment screw
4 - Seal
5 - Pressure setting spring
6 - Seal
7 - Body
8 - Spool
9 - Cap

Circuit description
10 - P10 pressure limiter block
11 - Control valve spool
12 - Non-return valve
13 - Non-return valve in balance valve
14 - Balance valve
15 - Variable displacement pump body

Port locations
P - Inlet pressure into control valve
P’ - Inlet pressure into valve
A - Pressure after balance valve 14, and non-return valve 13 and 12, on the spring end
B - Valve outlet to balance valve 14, pilot C
T - Return to P10 block
LS - LS information from variable displacement pump (spring end)

A1 et
B1
}- Hydraulic travel motor feed or return

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The speed limiter 1
AVANT
2

A1 REAR
B ARRIERE

LS1
1

Pp1
Pp2
T
LS
M M2

P
F Z2
Z1

M3
1

THE MACHINE ON THE FLAT OR AN UPWARDS SLOPE THE MACHINE ON A DOWNWARDS SLOPE

13

12

11

10

8
E E
7
➱ ➱ ➱
➱
➱

C C
➱

➱➱

➱
B ➱ ➱ ➱
B ➱ ➱
5
➱

F
➱
➱

➱
➱
➱
➱
➱

➱
A ➱ ➱➱ D ➱ ➱
A ➱ D
4
5
3

2 M2
1

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The speed limiter 1
It is attached to the entry plate of the travel control valve.
Purpose:
It ensures that speed is maintained at a correct level when on a downwards slope.
Description
1 - Stop plug
2 - Seal
3 - Plug
4 - Spool
5 - Calibrated orifice
6 - Spring
7 - Element
8 - Seal and seal holder
9 - Spool stop
10 - Spring adjusting screw
11 - Stop adjusting screw
12 - Lock washer
13 - Protector

Port locations
A - Return from travel motors after speed limiter
B - Return from travel motors before speed limiter
C - Blocked off by the inlet plate
M2 - Plugged (for brake release circuit pressure test point)

Operation
The machine on the flat or an upwards slope
The rotation speed of the travel motors results from the ratio of flow to displacement.
Return flows from the motors arrive at B, pass via spool 4 and calibrated orifice 5.
The pressure before this orifice enters chamber D.
The pressure after the calibrated orifice enters chamber E (spring end).
The hydraulic and mechanical forces in E are greater than those in D.
Spool 4 is at rest and the hydraulic fluid can pass freely through the return circuits.

Place the machine on a downwards slope

The motors work as pumps.
Return flows at B increase.
The pressure before calibrated orifice 5, which enters chamber D, also increases the hydraulic force in chamber D
which is greater than that in chamber E.
The spool pilots and “strangles” the passage at F, thus enabling the travel motors to have a correct rate of rotation,
and thus a normal speed of descent for the machine.

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The ANTI-DEVIATION valve

LS2

REAR Zb1
ARRIERE
2 FRONT Za1
AVANT
2

B
A LS1
1
1
B A Pp1
Pp2
T
LS
M
2 B A 1 P
F

10
9 2
Z b2 A2
Za2

8
B2

D 12
Ø 0,5 mm
7 LS2

11

6
B Z b1 B1
C
Z a1
D
A1
5
A

LS1

4
Pp1

Pp2
T
3 LS
1
P

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
The anti-déviation valve
It is attached on the travel control valve bracket.

Purpose:
When the machine is travelling, in forwards or reverse direction, and the control valve spool pilots do not have a
difference of pressure greater than 2 bars, the valve enables the two tracks to act in parallel by means of a
restrictor.

Description
3 - Connector/stop
4 - Seal
5 - Body
6 - Spool
7 - Pre-set spring
8 - Seal
9 - Connector/stop

Circuit description
10 - Travel control valve
11 - Pressure selector
12 - Pressure selector

Port locations
A - Pressure inlet from travel control valve section LS1
B - Pressure inlet from the other travel control valve section LS2
C - Restriction ø 1,2 mm
D - Restriction ø 0,5 mm
1 - Inlet of front right-hand or rear left-hand pilot pressure (Pp1) (via the pressure selectors)
2 - Inlet of front left-hand or rear right-hand pilot pressure (Pp2) (via the pressure selectors)

Operation

Travelling forwards (for example, control valve sections Za1 and Za2 are piloted)
Via pressure selectors 11 and 12, pressure Za1 arrives at 1 in the valve and the pressure at Zb2 arrives at 2.
If these two pressures do not have a pressure differential greater than 2 bar, the valve remains at rest, the two
travel motors are fed in parallel by restrictor C: this prevents the machine from drifting off a straight line.
Now the tracks are counter-rotated (for example the control valve sections at Za1 and Za2 are piloted)
Via pressure selector 1, the pressures arrive at 1 in the valve and 2 goes to return via the control pedals. The valve
pilots, and the motors are only run in parallel via restrictor D. This is to ensure automatic flow sharing system.

NOTE:
The results obtained are the same, when one travels in reverse or when the machine is counter-rotated in the
other direction.
In the latter case, the valve is piloted in the opposite direction.

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

Hydraulic travel motors on single-speed excavators
Left-hand track
B
1

A F
B
8
2

3
A
F

4
6 9
5 7
10
11
12
1 2 3 4

A
F

10

11

12

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON SINGLE-SPEED EXCAVATORS
- They are attached to each travel reduction gear.
- These are high speed axial piston type motors of fixed displacement, of the same design as that of the swing
motor.

Purpose
They transmit a rotary movement to the reduction gears to drive the track chain sprockets.

Description
1 - Upper housing
2 - Distribution plate
3 - Piston with rings (5)
4 - Barrel with teeth
5 - Seal between the two housings
6 - Crown wheel with teeth
7 - Shaft
8 - Taper roller bearing
9 - Straight roller bearing
10 - Lower housing
11 - Stop rings
12 - Lip seal at shaft outlet

Port locations

Left-hand track Right-hand track

A - Forwards feed Forwards feed
B - Reverse feed Reverse feed
F - Functional leaks to the tank Functional leaks to the tank

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL MOTOR AND REDUCTION GEAR ASSEMBLIES

10

6 7 8 9

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“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

TRAVEL MOTOR AND REDUCTION GEAR ASSEMBLIES
Automatic travel brake

- The automatic travel brake is incorporated in both travel reduction gears.

- It is a static, multi-disc, oil bath brake, mechanically braked by spring and with low pressure hydraulic brake
release.

Purpose:
- To immobilise the machine travel when the travel function is no longer activated

Description:
1 - Reduction gear body
2 - Stop ring
3 - Seal
4 - Stop
5 - Piston
6 - Springs
7 - Seal
8 - Disc stack
9 - Motor shaft/reduction gear shaft coupling sleeve
10 - Spacer with seals.

Port locations:
A - Brake release port

Operation:
- At rest position
There is no pressure in brake release circuit A, the springs 6 press piston 5 against disc stack 8. The reduction
gear is braked.
- In travel position
The pilot pressure at the travel spools moves the brake release valve spool which enables low pressure to enter
the chamber of piston 5
When this pressure reached 13 bars, the force applied on this piston is sufficient to compress springs 6.
The piston moves back from the disc stack and the reduction gear brake is released.
The pressure at the beginning of brake release is lower than the starting pilot pressure of the control valve spools.
As a result, the reduction gears have their brakes released before the travel motor feed starts.
The reduction gears are braked after the machine comes to a complete stop, by the presence of a restrictor on the
brake outlet return, located on the control valve inlet plate.

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS
Variable displacement travel motor

RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE

C

A A

B B

1 2 3
C

D
X6

X4 X5

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“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS
Variable displacement travel motor

Description
1 - Shaft
2 - Housing
3 - Servo-control

Port location

A - Feed (left-hand track forwards, right-hand track reverse)

B - Feed (left-hand track reverse, right-hand track forwards)
C - Functional leaks return
D - Plug for accés to no return valves
X4 - Feed link pressure test point(( small and large displacement)
X5 - Arrival of pressure from solenoid valve Y6
X6 - Plugged (Servo-control large chamber pressure test point).

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“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS(Variable displacement travel motor)

17 16 15 14

X5

E D
F
19 18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

10

11

12

13

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"988 " 8K - HYDRAULICS

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL MOTORS ON TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS
Variable displacement travel motor

Description
1 - Servo-control
2 - Servo-control large piston
3 - Distribution plate
4 - Ball joint
5 - Small servo-control piston
6 - Counter plate
7 - Barrel fitted with pistons and rings
8 - Connection shaft
10 - Taper roller bearing
11 - Straight roller bearing
12 - Sealing assembly
13 - Shaft
14 - Non-return valves
15 - Valve insert seat
16 - Restrictor
17 - Restrictor
18 - Selector spring
19 - Selector spool

Passages
D - Passage to servo-control large piston
E - Passage to tank
F - Motor feed pressure information

Operation
Selector 19is at rest
The motor feed pressure, via one of the non-return valves (14) and channel (F) entered the small piston chamber
(5). Via restriction (17) it arrives at selector (19). Since the selector is at risk position, the large piston chamber is
returned to tank, via canal (D) restrictor (16) and channel (E). The motors are in large displacement position.

Selector 19)is piloted

In this case, the position of selector (19) opens communication to passages (F) and (D) via restrictors (16) and
(17). The large piston chamber (2) is subject to the same pressure as that on small piston (5). The motors are in
small displacement position.

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8K - HYDRAULICS "988 "

“988” C TRAVEL FUNCTION

THE TRAVEL PRESSUREE SELECTOR BLOCK
- It is attached to the rear of the cab floor.
M
Purpose : B8
For all types of travel work , three shuttle balls give
information to a pressure switch B8, to keep the engine in the
selected mode, when the excavator is going down a slope
and when the AUTO-IDLE mode is selected and to obtain
automatic displacement change on variable displacement
hydraulic motors by means of the LS info pressure sensor.

Description
1 - Block
2 - Plug X2
3 - Shuttle balls X2
4 - Plug
B8 - Pressure switch Y2 X1
Identification of ports
M - B8 port for the pressure switch command
Y1 - Arrival of pilot pressure from RH reverse travel pilot
Y2 - Arrival of pilot pressure from LH reverse travel pilot
X1 - Arrival of pilot pressure from RH front travel pilot
X2 - Arrival of pilot pressure from LH front travel pilot

3 2 1

X1 X2

M Y1 Y2
4

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

CONTENU PAGE

TURNING JOINT ......................................................................................................8N 02.00

TRAVEL/STABILISER CONTROL VALVE BLOCK ...................................................8N 04.00
INLET PLATE .......................................................................................................8N 05.00
TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE ELEMENT ................................................................8N 06.00
STABILISER/DOZER BLADE CONTROL VALVE ELEMENT...............................8N 07.00
HYDRO-MECHANICAL TRAVEL GROUP. ..............................................................8N 08.00
VARIABLE CAPACITY HYDRAULIC MOTOR .....................................................8N 10.00
FORCE-FEED AND IRRIGATION BLOCK ...........................................................8N 14.00
SPEED LIMITER AND SAFETY BLOCK ..............................................................8N 16.00
DRIVE TRAIN .........................................................................................................8N 18.00
TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX ....................................................................................8N 19.00
FRONT AND REAR AXLES..................................................................................8N 26.00
ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC OF AXLE LOCKING, TWO-SPEED TRAVEL
AND STABILISERS/DOZER BLADE ........................................................................8N 28.00
HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC OF STABILISER/DOZER BLADE FUNCTIONS............8N 30.00
STABILISER/DOZER BLADE SELECTION TAP ......................................................8N 32.00
PILOTED VALVE ON STABILISER CYLINDERS .....................................................8N 33.00
STABILISER CYLINDERS ........................................................................................8N 34.00
FLOW CHECK ON STABILISERS ............................................................................8N 36.00
DOZER BLADE CYLINDER......................................................................................8N 37.00
PILOTED VALVE ON DOZER BLADE CYLINDER...................................................8N 38.00

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TURNING JOINT

05 02 09 03 08 010 011 012

04 07
01
016
013
015
014
7 2
06
3
3
4 2/2 4 1/2
4
1 1/2 1 1/2
6 7 1/3

8 1/3 7 2/3
9
8 2/3
11
7 3/3
10 1/2
10 2/2
12 1/2
12 2/2
13

5 1/2
14
8 3/3
15 1/2 15 2/2 5 2/2 16

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TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TURNING JOINT
- The male part of the hydraulic swivel is attached to the upperstructure (rotating part)
- The socket part is part of the undercarriage (fixed part)

Purpose:
It permits passage of the high and low pressure hydraulic circuits between the upperstructure
and the undercarriage

Description:
1 - Pin
2 - Bushing
3 - Lubrication washer
4 - Screw
5 - O-ring
6 - Composite seals
7 - O-rings

Port Markings
On the pivot (upperstructure) On the outer sleeve (undercarriage)
02 - Stabilisers and/or dozer blade raising pilot 2 - Stabilisers and/or dozer blade raising control valve spool pilot
03 - Stabilisers and/or dozer blade lowering pilot 3 - Stabilisers and/or dozer blade lowering control valve spool pilot
04 - Reverse travel pilot 4 1/2 - Reverse travel control valve spool pilot
4 2/2 - Outlet to two-speed gear box selector indexing t
01 - Travel or stabilisers/dozer blade L-S information circuit 1 1/2 - Travel or stabilisers/dozer blade L-S information circuit
06 - Travel/stabilisers/dozer blade control valve feed 6 - Travel/stabilisers/dozer blade control valve feed
07 - Return to tank via P10 7 1/3 - Return to tank via P10
7 2/3 - Not used (plug)
7 3/3 - Not used (plug)
08 - Leak return from hydraulic travel motor and flow from s 8 1/3 - Hydraulic travel motor leak-off
opened secondary check valves in 8 2/3 - Not used (plug)
travel secondary relief valve 8 3/3 - Not used (plug)
09 - Front axle unlocking circuit 9 - Front axle unlocking circuit
010 - Rear axle service and working brake circuit 10 - Rear axle service and working brake circuit
011 - Front axle service and working brake circuit 11 1/2 - Front axle service and working brake circuit
11 2/2 - Not used (plug)
012 - Parking brake circuit (two-speed gear box) 12 1/2 - Parking brake circuit (two-speed gear box)
12 2/2 - Not used (plug)
05 - Forward travel pilot 5 1/2 - Forward travel control valve spool pilot
5 2/2 - Outlet to two-speed box safety selectot
013 - Steering circuit (left-hand side) 13 - Steering circuit (left-hand side)
014 - Steering circuit (right-hand side) 14 - Steering circuit (right-hand side)
015 - Two-speed gear box change cylinder large chamber 15 1/2 - Alimentation de la grande chambre du vérin de crabot
feed de la boite bi-vitesse
15 2/2 - Not used (plug)
016 - Two-speed gear box change cylinder small chamber 16 - Two-speed gear box change cylinder small chamber feed
feed

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TRAVEL/STABILISERS CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
This is located in the case on the right-hand side of the undercarriage

Purpose:
It provides :
- feed for forward and reverse travel
- supply for raising or lowering the stabilisers (and/or) the 3
blade
- selection between travel and stabilisers of the highest
”load sensing” pressure to inform the pump LS valve.
2
Description
1 Inlet plate
2 Travel control valve element
3 Stabilisers or dozer blade control valve element 1

Port Markings
P Variable flow pump flow intake
T Return to tank via P10 T
P M
LS “LOAD SENSING” information circuit for the variable flow
1
pump B1
M Plug Za1
Zb1
Za1 Forward travel spool pilot
Zb1 Reverse travel spool pilot A1

A1 Forward travel hydraulic motor feed 2

Y
B1 Reverse travel hydraulic motor feed
LS
Za2 Stabilisers or dozer blade lowering spool pilot
B2
Zb2 Stabilisers or dozer blade raising spool pilot Za2

A2 Stabilisers/Dozer blade lowering circuit feed

Zb2
B2 Stabilisers/Dozer blade raising circuit feed
Y Hydraulic travel motor displacement change pilot A2
3
T1

Zb
Za

Y
1 2 3 A2
B2
LS Za1 Za2 Za2

Zb2
Za1
Zb1 A1

B1 LS
M
T
P

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TRAVEL/STABILISERS CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

INLET PLATE

Purpose:
It enables feed to and return from the travel and stabilisers/dozer
blade control valves
It informs the variable flow pump LS valve via the LS port.

Port Markings
P Variable flow pump flow intake
T Return to tank via P10
LS Pump LS valve information circuit
M Plug
G Travel and stabiliser functions forced-feed
R1 Valve overflow manifold
R1 G U
R2 Valve overflow manifold
U Travel and stabilisers/dozer blade travel control valve feed LS
T

R2
P M

P10

T P

M
R1 G R2

LS
U

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TRAVEL/STABILISERS CONTROL VALVE BLOCK
TRAVEL CONTROL VALVE ELEMENT
Purpose:
- By means of its balance spool it checks flow on the travel function
- Depending on the direction in which the spool is piloted, it feeds the hydraulic travel motor either in forward or
reverse direction of travel.
- It allows the pilot to be informed for hydraulic travel motor displacement changing (Y)
- By means of the pressure selector it informs the regulation of the variable flow pump
(selection of the highest pressure between travel and the stabilisers)

Description 11 Cap 20 Front balance plug

1 Cap on spring side 12 Control valve spool return to 21 O-ring
2 Cap O-ring neutral assembly 22 Balance setting screw
3 Control valve spool 13 Balance plug O-ring 23 Balance adjusting push rod
4 Forced-feed valve plug (2) 14 Rear balance plug 24 Shuttle ball
5 Forced-feed valve (2) 15 Back-up seal 25 O-ring
6 Back-up seal 16 Balance spool 26 Shuttle ball seat
7 O-ring 17 Balance spring 27 Pressure selector plug
8 Control valve body 18 O-ring
10 Cap O-ring 19 Back-up seal

6 7 5 8

B1 A1
4

3 R2
R1

2 10

G 11
1

Za1
Zb1

23
12 Y
22
14
P 21
15
20

13 19

16 17 24 25 26 27 18

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TRAVEL/STABILISERS CONTROL VALVE BLOCK

STABILISERS/DOZER BLADE CONTROL VALVE ELEMENT
Purpose:
- By means of its balance spool it checks flow on the stabilisers/dozer blade function
- Depending on the direction in which the control valve spool is piloted, it feeds the raising or lowering of the
stabilisers or the blade (depending which is fitted on the excavator).
- It is fitted with two safety valves to protect the feed circuits for the stabilisers or dozer blade cylinders

Description
- It is different from the travel element due to the presence of:
- two safety valves 1 and 2 of identical design to that on the attachment control valve
- on the cap (springless side) a spool stroke adjusting screw 4 to adjust the flow on the stabiliser or dozer blade
raising
- the shut-off valve 5 in the balance spool
- a different shaped spool 3

B2 A2
1 2

R1 R2

G 3

Za2
Zb2 4

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

HYDRO-MECHANICAL TRAVEL GROUP

Description
1 - Speed limiter block
1 2 3 5 6 7
2 - Forced-feed and irrigation block
3 - Variable displacement hydraulic motor
4 - Mechanical two-speed gear box
5 - Gear box safety indexing selector
6 - Circuit pressure release selector
7 - Parking brake
8 - Rear axle service brake

B
1 2 3 4 5 C
A

A
6
RB F Z
MB F RA
F TG H
G T G P
B
B'
B L

A
7
A'
G G'

MA
X

M 22

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

HYDRAULIC TRAVEL ASSEMBLY

Description
1 - Variable displacement pump
2 - P10 pressure check
3 - Travel control valve 2
4 - Direction inverter (INCHING)
5 - Feed pedal 4
6 - Engagement indexing and safety
3
selector
7 - Pressure release selector 1
8 - Speed limiter and safety block
9 - Forced-feed and irrigation block
5
10 - Variable displacement
hydraulic travel motor

10

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC MOTOR

7
8

5
9

4
10

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC MOTOR

This is attached to the two-speed gear box

Purpose
It transforms the hydraulic power into mechanical power

Description
1 - Shaft fitted with taper roller bearings
2 - Shaft output sealing assembly
3 - Housing
4 - Barrel fitted with ringed pistons
5 - Control valve mirror
6 - Minimum motor displacement adjusting screw
7 - Displacement change servo-control
8 - Displacement change selector
9 - Displacement change adjusting screw
10 - Maximum motor displacement adjusting screw

Port Markings
A et B - Motor feed and return
F - Function leak-off
G - To the pressure release selector
G' - Motor feed pressure information circuit for displacement change
X - LS pressure information circuit from the control valve for displacement change
L - Feed irrigation flow
M - Pressure take-off (large chamber on servo-control) M22

M
G

A
G

B G' X

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC MOTOR
SERVO-CONTROL

A G’

C D E L G’

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC MOTOR
SERVO-CONTROL

The calibrated orifice 1

Purposes:
- It causes pressure to rise gradually in the large chamber C on the servo-control to obtain a gentler
deceleration of the machine
- It makes the pressure drop quickly in the same chamber to obtain faster acceleration of the machine

Internal lines
A et B - Motor feed and return ports
C - Servo-control large chamber
D - Servo-control small chamber
E - Channel connecting motor feed pressure intake to servo-control small chamber and displacement
change selector
H - To the pressure release selector
L - Motor irrigation circuit
X - Travel LS pressure intake

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

MOTOR FORCED-FEED AND IRRIGATION BLOCK

B' G T A'

B G' L A

B' A'

B G' L A

G'
L

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

MOTOR FORCED-FEED AND IRRIGATION BLOCK
This is located between the hydraulic motor and the speed limiter

Purpose
It prevents the motor from cavitating and overheating

Description
1 - Seals between the forced-feed block and the motor
2 - Forced-feed valve assembly
3 - Seals between the forced-feed block and the speed limiter
4 - Motor irrigation restrictor

Port Markings
A et B - Motor feed and return (motor side)
A' et B' - Motor feed and return (speed limiter side)
T - Pressurised return circuit from P10
G et G' - Motor feed pressure information circuit for displacement change
L - Motor irrigation circuit

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

SPEED LIMITER AND SAFETY BLOCK

1 2 3 4 5 6
A B

RA RB

MA MB

A' G B'
7

A B

A' MA G MB B'

RA RB

A B

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

SPEED LIMITER AND SAFETY BLOCK

This is fixed to the forced-feed and irrigation block and is fitted with two safety valves

Purposes
Speed limiter
It enables the machine to maintain a steady downhill speed in any direction

Safety valves
These limit the pressure between the motor and the control valve, when the latter is out of use, with a view to
slowing down and then stopping the machine

Description
1 - Bleeder screw
2 - Pre-set spring
3 - Braking valve
4 - Shut-off valve
5 - Speed limiter spool
6 - Shuttle valve
7 - Safety valves (indirect action)

Port Markings
A et B - Motor feed and return (control valve side)
A' et B' - Motor feed and return (forced-feed block side)
RA&RB - Return circuit (safety valve overflow)
MA&MB - Plugs (any pressure take-off)
G - Motor feed pressure information circuit for displacement change

Purposes of auxiliary elements

Shuttle valve 6
In any direction, this enables the motor feed pressure to be continually delivered in the
servo-control small chamber of the hydraulic motor and on the displacement change selector

Braking valve 3
This ensures that the speed limiter spool 5 opens gradually
and is put out of use

Shut-off valve 4
As long as the pump outlet pressure does not exceed that of the hydraulic motor, it prevents
the two being related

NOTE: The safety valves are indirect action and intercommunication type with an external secondary relief valve
drain

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

DRIVE TRAIN

This is hydraulically driven by the variable displacement hydraulic motor flanged onto the two-speed gear box.
This gear box ensures:
- selection of two speed ranges
- a low range for jobsite travel
- a high range for road travel
- the parking brake
The range is selected electro-hydraulically, with the engine running, the machine at a standstill and the
transmission braked
The parking brake acts on the two-speed gear box inlet shaft
The two universal joints continually transmit the movement on the front and rear axles
The brake circuits (service brake and working brake) are composed of integrated single-disc brakes in each front
and rear wheel reduction gear
The front axle is steering, driving and oscillating. The steering control is hydraulic and feeds a double-rod cylinder
fitted on the front axle
Front axle oscillation can be locked hydraulically by means of two locking cylinders to ensure good machine
stability in operation.

Description

1 - Variable displacement hydraulic motor

2 - Two-speed gear box with integral parking brake
3 - Rear universal joint
4 - Rear axle
5 - Rear wheel reduction gear with mono-disc brake
6 - Front universal joint
7 - Steering cylinder
8 - Front wheel reduction gear with single-disc brake
9 - Oscillating front axle
10 - Locking front axle cylinders

3
4
2
1

5
6
10 7
9 8

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX

Fixed to the undercarriage, this is driven by the hydraulic
motor and controlled by means of solenoid valves

Purpose-
Depending on the type of feed to the control cylinder, it
provides:
- Selection of the low range (jobsite travel speed) when
Y11 is activated and the control cylinder is supplied
simultaneously on the large and small chambers
- Selection of the high range (road travel speed) when
Y14 is activated and the is supplied on the small
chamber side only
- It provides the machine’s parking brake
- It is a multi-disc oil-bath brake, mechanically applied
through “belleville” washers
RANGE CHANGE CONTROL CYLINDER
NOTE :
The gear box is fitted with a range change safety selector LARGE CHAMBER SMALL CHAMBER
which locks the control cylinder in one or other of the
positions
This selector is released using the rear axle service
brake circuit pressure
This makes any change of range impossible unless
the machine is at a standstill

CIRCUIT PRESSURE
SAFETY SELECTOR RELEASE SELECTOR

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX

5 6 7 7a
B

4
7b

A
3 Z
G P 7c

FRONT REAR
AXLE AXLE
10
1

11

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TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX

Purpose:
It enables two speed ranges to be selected:
- a jobsite range
- a road range

Description
1 - Front axle universal joint connecting tulip
2 - Half-shaft receiving the hydraulic motor outlet shaft
3 - Single-rod dual-effect control of speed range change engagement cylinder
4 - Dog fork
5 - Indexing and safety selector
6 - Dog
7 - Parking brake, consisting of:
7a - Multi-disc oil-bath assembly
7b - Piston
7c - “BELLEVILLE” washers
8 - Half-shaft
9 - Shaft
10 - Rear axle connecting flange
11 - Filler plug and gear box oil level

Port Markings
G - Pilot on control cylinder large chamber side
P - Pilot on control cylinder small chamber side
Z - Rear axle service brake pressure
A et B - Ports enabling the two travel control valves pilot circuits to be set to by-pass position so that the
travel control valve is in neutral position when changing speed range.
C Parking brake release pilot

Characteristics
Reduction ratios
-jobsite range : 6
-road range : 1,8

Oil capacity of housing

- gear box : 2,3 l
Oil type : S A E 90P

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX
SAFETY INDEXING AND CIRCUIT PRESSURE RELEASE SELECTORS FOR RANGE CHANGE

A
B

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TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX

SAFETY INDEXING AND CIRCUIT PRESSURE RELEASE SELECTORS FOR RANGE CHANGE

Description of the circuit

1 - Shuttle valve in speed limiter
2 - Direction inverter (INCHING)
3 - P10 pressure check block
4 - Circuit pressure release selector
5 - Rear axle service brake
6 - Spool in central braking system for rear axle service brake
7 - Indexing and safety selector

ENGAGEMENT SAFETY INDEXING SELECTOR

B
This is fixed to the two-speed gear box
Purpose: 1
- It keeps the engagement fork in place in each speed range
- It prevents travel if the engagement dog is not properly
engaged

Description
1 - Return spring
2 - Spool 2
3 - Indexing assembly
A
Port Markings
A - By-pass on forward gear pilot
B - By-pass on reverse gear pilot Z
Z - Arrivée de la pression du frein de service

CIRCUIT PRESSURE RELEASE SELECTOR

A
This is fixed to the two-speed gear box bracket

Purpose:
- It enables pressure to be released in the two hydraulic motor
feed circuits, in the P10, at each change of speed range

Description
2
1 - Return spring
2 - Spool
B
C
Port Markings
A - Rear axle service brake pressure inlet
B - In connection with the P10 pressure check
C - In connection with the two hydraulic motor feed
circuits, via the shuttle valve located in the speed
limiter
1

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX (jobsite range position)
Operation
When the solenoid valve is activated at Y11, the two chambers on
cylinder 3 are supplied at 35 bars
The sliding dog 6 unites the two half-shafts 2 and 8
For every 6 turns made by half-shaft 2, shaft 9 turns once B2

T T1 A2

A3 106
52

B3 Y 11 Y12

B4 Y 27 Y 26

51
A4 50
3
6

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

TWO-SPEED GEAR BOX (road range position)
Operation
When the solenoid valve is activated at Y12, the small chamber on
cylinder 3 is supplied at 35 bars
The large chamber is drained
B2
The sliding dog 6 unites the two half-shafts 2 and 8
For every 1.8 turns made by half-shaft 2, shaft 9 turns once T T1 A2

A3 106
52

B3 Y 11 Y12

B4 Y 27 Y 26

51
3 A4 50

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

DRIVE TRAIN
REAR AXLE 4
Description
1 - Right-hand hub
2 - Differential
3 - Service brake 3
4 - Axle

FRONT AXLE
Description
1 - Steering pivot
2 - Axle
3 2
3 - Articulating pivot
4 - Left-hand hub
5 - Steering cylinder
6 - Differential 1
7 - Right-hand hub

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

Training Center Any reproduction of this document, either total or partial, is forbidden without special authorization 8N - 27.00
8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC OF FUNCTIONS: FRONT AXLE LOCKING, TWO-SPEED TRAVEL, STABILISERS

P B57

K3

W
4(4)

D+
2
37(3)

G2
237

14

1
5

B+
24
V2

3
4
219
A2

K52

0
106
gear de
de la for
Sélection
Impulse

change

2
vitesse

37(4)
Travel
gamme
device

S22

5
49
1

37(5)
4

52

1
Y27
51
Y11
Y2
37(2)

1
2

2
2(3)
55
S24
105

2(4)
64
49

50
3
(10A)

1
S4

2
5

2
1

1
58
F12

Y12
Y13

Y26
2

1
54 54

K9

2
57

V18

A6

B3
H16
58

4
57

B54
P
54

53
V15

V14
51
105

SC4

50
105

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC OF FUNCTIONS:

FRONT AXLE LOCKING, TWO-SPEED TRAVEL, STABILISERS

DESCRIPTION

On Steering column box

SC2 : Automatic / manual selection switch for the axle locking function.
SC3 : Manual axle locking switch
SC4 : Stabilisers and dozer blade control switch
V14 : Front axle automatic unlocking diode when using stabiliser lowering control
V15 : Front axle automatic unlocking diode when using stabiliser raising control

On instrument panel
H16 : Front axle unlocking indicator light (on control panel)

On gear inverter
B54 : Travel pressure switch, for front axle automatic unlocking with travel.

On left-hand control arm

S24 : Left-hand lever raising safety switch

On right-hand control arm

S22 : Impulse device for gear change with
indicator light diode 1 : low speed indicator
indicator light diode 2 : high speed indicator

Inside electric fuse box.

F12-10A. Fuse in electric fuse box.
K3 : Alternator relay.
K9 : Axle unlocking relay
S4 : Lever safety cut-out circuit shunt
V2 : Diode
V18 : Front axle unlocking indicator light diode

On electro hydraulic valves block

Y2 : Left-hand lever raising safety solenoid valve.
Y13 : Front axle unlocking solenoid valve
Y11 : Low speed travel solenoid valve.
Y12 : High speed travel solenoid valve
Y26 : Stabiliser/dozer blade raising solenoid valve.
Y27 : Stabiliser/dozer blade lowering solenoid valve

Overs

A2 : Electronic control box

G2 : Alternator
B57 : Brake pressure switch for gear change

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

P 2AL P 4A

HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC OF STABILISER/DOZER BLADE FUNCTIONS

1 2

P T

LS
P
B2
Za2 7 8 9

Zb2

II A
A2 C
C B
I
D B I
III
B C
D III A I I A
T1
A
A
3 II D

4
B

P2A + PL 10

6
P2AL
+

P4A

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

The modular design of the stabiliser/dozer blade

assemblies makes 5 assembly configurations possible
Thanks to this design, it is possible to modify the basic
machine to adapt it to different jobsite conditions

HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC OF STABILISER/DOZER

BLADE FUNCTIONS
The stabilisers are assemblies fitted with a beam and two (FRT or
pads that can be installed at the front and /or rear of the
machine
REAR)
The dozer blade beam can also be installed at the front or
rear of the machine
Description:
1 - Control valve (FRT or
2 - Stabiliser/dozer blade circuit selection tap REAR)
Stabiliser circuit
3 - Flow check for feed to two small chambers
4 - Piloted valve on feed to each large chamber
5 - Pad cylinder
6 - Piloted valve on feed to two small chambers (FRT or
Dozer blade circuit REAR)
7 - Dozer blade cylinder
8 - Double piloted valve on cylinder supplies
9 - Restrictor to limit feed flow to large chamber
10 - Braking valve on cylinder small chamber

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

SELECTION TAP ON STABILISER/DOZER BLADE CIRCUITS
This is located in the undercarriage box, on the right-hand side of the
machine

Purpose:
Depending on the position of the control lever, the raising functions at
the front and rear of the machine are fed simultaneously, or one is
separated from the other

Description of lever positions POSITION 1

1 - Feed at C on machine front circuit
2 - Feed at B on machine rear circuit
1+2 - Feed at A on machine front and rear circuits

Description
1 - Control lever
2 - Studs/control stop
3 - Body
4 - Connector
5 - Bushings
6 - Flange
7 - Selection sphere with O-rings POSITION 1+2
8 - Drive square

7 8 1 2

3
POSITION 2
4

B 2 1 C

1+2

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TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

PILOT VALVE BLOCK ON FEED TO STABILISER CYLINDER SMALL CHAMBERS

This is fitted inside the beam apron (undercarriage side)

Purpose:
It prevents any raising movement of the stabilisers that
might be mechanically engendered when the stabilisers
are lowered

Description
1 - Block
2 - Plug with seal
3 - Primary valve
4 - Secondary valve
5 - Spring
6 - Pilot piston
G
Port Markings
A - Cylinder large chamber feed circuit inlet
B et C - Feed to cylinder large chambers
D - Cylinder small chamber feed circuit inlet
E et F- Feed to small chambers

B C
6

5 D

4 E F

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

STABILISER CYLINDERS
These are double acting single rod cylinders. They are fitted with a piloted valve on each large chamber
A piloted valve, installed on the circuit, locks the small chambers of both cylinders

Description of cylinder
1 - Rod and monoblock piston 6 - Single-acting seal
2 - Scraper seal 7 - Seal and back-up seal
3 - Bearing 8 - Tube
4 - Carrier bearings 9 - Dual-acting seal
5 - Thread protection seal 10 - Plug assembly
11 - Piloted valve
Port Markings
A - Feed to small chamber feed (stabiliser raising)
B - Feed to large chamber (stabiliser lowering)

1 2 3 4 5 6 4 7 8 9 10 11

A
1
5
2
4
3
C B
6

7
8

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TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

STABILISER CYLINDERS

Purpose of piloted valve

It isolates the cylinder large chamber from functional leaks from the control valve spool to prevent the stabilisers
from rising

Description of piloted valve

1 - O-ring
2 - Pilot
3 - Seat
4 - Seal and back-up seal
5 - Primary valve
6 - Secondary valve
7 - Spring
8 - Plug with seal

Port Markings
A - Small chamber feed pressure inlet
B - Large chamber feed pressure inlet before piloted valve
C - Large chamber feed after piloted valve

Operation
Static: When the stabilisers are lowered, the weight of the machine tends to make the cylinder rods retract. The
pressure in the large chambers acts on the rear of valves 5 and 6 via channel C; This combines with the pressure
of spring 7 to lock the valves. This isolates the control valve spool cylinder large chambers
Dynamic (stabiliser raising): Oil arrives from the control valve at A to feed the small chambers and inform pilot 2
under pressure, which opens valves 5 and 6; The return from the large chambers goes from C to B

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

FLOW CHECK ON STABILISER PAD RAISING
This is located on the feed line to the cylinder small
chambers

Purpose:
It checks the flow that supplies the stabiliser raising

Description
1 - Body
2 - Washer - restrictor
3 - Spool
4 - Shut-off valve return spring
5 - Shut-off valve
6 - Pre-set spring
7 - Locking ring
8 - Cup
Internal pipe markings
9 - Block
C - Flow intake to be checked
10 - Plugs
D - Feed to cylinder small chambers
E - Front chamber of spool
Port Markings
F - Rear chamber of spool
A - Small chamber feed flow intake
B - Feed to cylinder small
chambers
10 F C A D 9
Operation
Stabiliser raising (flow checked)
Oil arrives at A, passes through ports C
and D on spool 3 to feed the cylinder
small chambers at B
The power loss between ports C and D E
passes through the non-return valve 5 B
restrictors and the washer 2 restrictor
and stops in chamber F. Spool 3 moves,
compressing spring 6
When the hydraulic force in chamber F is
equal to the hydraulic force in chamber E 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 7 8
and
the mechanical force of spring 6, the
spool is stabilised. Port C is partially
obstructed, which limits flow
Stabiliser lowering
Oil draining from the cylinder small
chambers arrives at B, passes through C A B A
and opens shut-off valve 5. Under the
influence of spring 6, spool 3 is at rest,
and this enables ports C to be fully open
to ensure free return

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

DOZER BLADE CONTROL CYLINDER

Purpose:
It enables the dozer blade to be lowered or raised

Description
1 - Rod and monoblock piston
2 - Scraper seal
3 - Bearing
4 - Carrier bearing
5 - Thread protection seal
6 - Single-acting seal
7 - Carrier bearingsr
8 - Seal and seal carrier
9 - Piloted valve + braking valve assembly
10 - Dual-acting seal
11 - Cylinder barrel

Port Markings
A - Feed to small chamber (dozer blade raising)
B - Feed to large chamber (dozer blade lowering)

9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B
A

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8N - HYDRAULICS "988 "

TRAVEL - STABILISATORS/BLADE P EXCAVATORS

DOZER BLADE CONTROL CYLINDER DOUBLE PILOTED VALVE BLOCK
This is flanged to the dozer blade cylinder and consists of a braking valve and double piloted valve assembly
Purpose:
It prevents any movement of the cylinder (rod extension or retraction) which might be brought about either by the
weight of the machine or by a mechanical blockage of the blade when being lowered
Description
1 - Block 7 - Seal and back-up seal
2 - Valve plug 8 - Plug
3 - Valve seat 9 - Braking valve
4 - Secondary valve 10 - Pilot
5 - Primary valve 11 - Plug
6 - Spring
Port Markings
A et C - Feed to large chamber (dozer blade raising)
B et D - Feed to small chamber (dozer blade lowering)

10 D
11
9

13
3
12
A B
2 1 C

Operation
Static
With the beam lowered, the weight of the machine tends to make the cylinder rod retract and the pressure in the
large chamber acts on the rear of valves 4 and 5.This combines with the pressure of spring 6 to lock the valves on
their seat 7 preventing any oil from coming out
The need for the valve on the small chamber will be seen when the cylinder is fed in the other direction
Dynamic example (dozer blade raising)
The oil coming form the control valve arrives at B, opens valves 12 and 13, passes through valve 9 which opens
under the action of the pressure, comes out at D to feed the cylinder small chamber. The cylinder rod cannot
retract, since valves 4 and 5 are shut. The oil increases in pressure which is applied to the section of pilot 10
which moves to the left and opens valve 5, compressing spring 6. The oil imprisoned behind valves 4 and 5
escapes through the operating clearance, towards port A. The pressure acts on the annular section of check-
valve 4, which opens and the hydraulic fluid which is in C can pass through the check-valve and come out at A,
going to the control valve. Movement is possible, the dozer blade rises
Braking valve 9 on the small chamber side, ensures good stability of the piloted valve during dozer blade lowering

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

CONTENTS PAGE

THE BRAKE UNIT ...................................................................................................8Q 02.00

SERVICE AND WORKING BRAKES .....................................................................8Q 06.00
PARKING BRAKE ....................................................................................................8Q 08.00
POSITION OF SOLENOID - VALVES ON SUPPORTS............................................8Q 09.00
STEERING BOX ......................................................................................................8Q 10.00
STEERING CYLINDER ...........................................................................................8Q 14.00

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE BRAKE UNIT

6 R

7 5 4 3 2 1

A3'

P2 P4 P1 P3

A3

A2 A1

F2 B F1

8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16

A1

A2 R
S
P B

F1
P4 P3 A3 P1 P2 F2 A3'

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE BRAKE UNIT
It is under the cab floor and it is feeded by 1body of gear
pump
Purpose :
- Feed the service brake and parking brake.

Description:
1 - Brake unit feed pump 10 - Service brake accumulators
2 - Flow divider 11 - Parking brake accumulators
3 - Engagement/Disengagement cut-out 12 - Non-return valve on theparking brake control
4 - Isolator valves solenoid
5 - Service brake control spools valve ciorcuit
6 - Tank 13 - Service brake mini pressure switch
7 - Parking brake control solenoid valve 14 - Non-return valve
8 - Parking brake pressure switch 15 - Steering system mini pressure switch
9 - Stop light pressure switch 16 - Oribtrol steering system.

Port locations:
P - Inlet fromgear pump
S - Outlet to steering box
R - To tank by the collector
A1 - To one service breake accumulator
A2 - To the other service breake accumulator
A3 - To parking breake accumulator
A'3 - Pressure test M8
B - To parking brake
F1 - To one breake service circuit
F2 - To the other service breake circuit
P1 - To service brake mini pressure switch
A4 - To parking brake pressure switch
P3 - To steering mini pressure switch
P4 - To stop light pressure switch

Pressure switches:
P1 - Closes at a pressure of 105 bar. The service break( minimum pressure) indicator lamp lights up on
instrument panel.
P2 - Opens at a pressure of 105 bar. The parking breake indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
P3 - Closes at a pressure of 5 bar. The steerind (minimum pressure) indicator lamp lights up on the
instrument panel.
P4 - Closes at a pressure of 5 bar, when the service brakes are used, to turn on the stop lamps.

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE BRAKE UNIT

6 R

7 5 4 3 2 1

A3'

P2 P4 P1 P3

A3

A2 A1

F2 B F1

8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16

83

A4 R

P3 B

63 82

B A3' A3 A2' A2 F1 F2 A4 A1 P1 P S
84

65
66

B
B
M8

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE BRAKE UNIT

Operation

- Engagement
When the pressure is between 120 and 135 bar, spool 3 is in the neutral position.
This position of the spool enables the pressure to arrive behind the flow divider 2, on the spring end, to prevent it
piloting and thus avoiding all the flow from the pump 1 going to the Orbitrol steering 16.
In point of fact, the majority of this flow goes to the accumulators.
- To inflate accumulator 10, it passes via the flow divider 2, the non-return valve 14 and the isolator valves 10.
- To inflate accumulator 11 it does not pass via the isolator valves, but rather via the non-return valve12.
The pressure is present on a continuous basis on the service brake spool 5 and the parking brake solenoid valve
spool 7, which are closed centre in neutral position.

Disengagement :
When the pressure reaches 160 bar, spool 3 pilots and directs the spring side flow divider to the tank.
The flow divider pilots and causes pump flow 1 to feed the Orbitrol steering system.

Service brake
When the service brake pedal is pressed, the two spools 5 are moved. The pressure of 160 bar is reduced to
about 50 bar maximum, which feeds each of the front and rear axles.

Parking brake:
Solenoid valve 7 is disactivated. The spool is in the neutral position. The brake chamber is emptied. The machine
cannot move.
Solenoid valve 7 is activated. The spool moves, the brake chamber receives pressure. The brake is released. The
machine can move.

Isolator valves 14:

These valves close when the pressure is below 100 bar, thus isolating the service brake circuit.

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

SERVICE AND WORKING BRAKES service and working brakes
(on front and rear axles) on the front axle
These are single disc oil-bath brakes, activated
hydraulically and released mechanically.

Purpose:
They are fed hydraulically by two separate circuits (one for
the front axle, the other for the rearaxle).
They brake the excavator when travelling on all four wheels
when the service brake foot control(central brake system)
or the electro-hydraulic working brake (Y16) is applied.
Warning:
Regulations in some countries require a double working
brake circuit
service and working brakes
- One for the front axle brakes
on the rear axle
- The other for the rear axle brakes
In this situation, the electro-hydraulic control is
doubhbacked up by solenoid valves (Y17 andY18)

The working brake solenoid valves are located under the

walkway between the cab and theengine compartment.

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

SERVICE AND WORKING BRAKES

(on front and rear axles) A 1
Description 8
1 - Brake piston
2 - Outer spring retaining rod 2
3 - Inner spring retaining rod
4 - Brake disc
5 - Brake piston return springs 3
6 - Seals
7 - Swing retaining studs (for brake plate
and disc)
8 - Brake plate
4
Port
A - Service and working brake pressure
inlet

11
2
3 10
4
5
6
7
3
8
9

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

PARKING BRAKE
(on two-speed gear box) PARKING BRAKE
This is fitted at the end of the inlet half-shaft on the two-
speed gear box
It is a multi-disc oil-bath brake

Purpose:
It provides mechanical braking by opposing a resistant
torque greater than that of the hydraulic travel motor
The brake is released by means of an electro-hydraulic
control located on the brake unit (see previous pages)

Description 1 2 3
1 - Cover
2 - Seals
3 - Splined sleeve C
4 - Piston
5 - “Belleville” washers
6 - Screws
7 - Housing
8 - Castellated nut 4
9 - Half-shaft
10 - Disc assembly
11 - Thrust washer
12 - Screw
5

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Operation
Parking brake position:
- Under the action of the “BELLEVILLE” washers 5 the piston 4 puts pressure on the discs 10 which immobilise
the whole excavator transmission
Brake released position:
- By means of the switch (Sh), the solenoid valve is activated and pressure builds up through port C in the piston
4 chamber. This piston moves back, compressing the “BELLEVILLE” washers to free all the discs 10 and the
transmission is released.
NOTE : It is a positive brake.
In the event of a failure on the parking brake electrical circuit or on the hydraulic circuit, the machine is braked
mechanically.

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"988 " 8N - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

POSITION OF THE SOLENOID VALVES ON THE SUPPORTS

ALL COUNTRIES STANDARD

SUPERRIOP SUPPORT INFERIOR SUPPORT

Y13 Y11 Y26 Y52

Y16 Y8

Y2 Y5 Y12 Y27
Y50 Y51

Description
Y 2 : Left-hand control raising safety solenoid
valve. GERMANY
Y 13 : Feed pilot circuit and front axle unlocking
solenoid valve.
Y 5 : Swing break solenoid valve
Y 11 : Low-speed travel solenoid valve
Y 12 : High-speed travel solenoid valve
Y 26 : Stabiliser and dozer blade raising solenoid Y17 Y18 Y8 Y52
valve
Y 27 : Stabiliser and dozer blade lowering solenoid
valve. Y50 Y51

Y8 : Electrically-controlled hydraulic option

Y 50 : Electrically-controlled hydraulic option

Y 51 : Quick tool disassembly option INFERIOR SUPPORT

Y 52 : Quick tool disassembly option.
ITALY
Y 14 : Neutralisation of hand controls in 2nd gear
travel option (ITALY)
Y 16 : Working brake solenoid valvel
Y 17 : Working brake solenoid valve on 1st dynamic
brake circuit (GERMANY)
Y 18 : Working brake solenoid valve on 2nd
dynamic brake circuit (GERMANY) Y14 Y16 Y8 Y52

Y50 Y51

INFERIOR SUPPORT

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

STEERING BOX
It is located under the cab floor on the brake unit side
It is operated by means of the steering wheel

Purpose
- From an auxiliary circuit it provides servo hydraulic supply to the
steering
cylinder which provides the required force for turning the drive wheels.
- Ensures emergency steering in the event of a problem above the
control box

Description
1 - Steering column sleeve (selection drum)
2 - Locating springs
3 - Housing
4 - Forced-feed valve
5 - Non-return valve
6 - Measuring device (inner teeth rotor)
7 - Transmission shaft
8 - Drive pin (between 1-7-9)
9 - Supply sleeve
10 - Seals
11 - Relief valve on steering box supply circuit
12 - Safety valve on each steering cylinder supply circuit
13 - Seals

13 1 2 3 4

12 5

11

10

9
8 7 6

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

STEERING BOX
Purpose of the Various Parts
a) Rotary Control Valve: (composed of the selection drum 1, the supply sleeve 9 and the measuring device 6)
- This enables three positions to be obtained: neutral position, right-hand steering and left-hand steering

Description
- The steering column drives the selection drum 1 round.
- This drum is inside the supply sleeve 9 (These two parts rotate +/-8° in relation to each other)
- When the steering wheel is not in use (neutral position), the springs 2 bring the feed sleeve back into a central
position in relation to the
selection drum 1.
- The transmission shaft 7 is fixed to the feed sleeve 9 by a pin 8. .
In neutral position
- It enables the oil to pass freely between the pump and the tank
- It locks the steering cylinder feeds
- It locks the metering device feed.
In feed position
- It directs the oil from the pump to the metering device
- It directs the oil from the metering device to the steering cylinder and the return from the cylinder to the tank

b) Metering device 6:
Operating normally:
- It works as a motor and a pump and releases a flow of oil equal to that which it receives.
In the event of a breakdown:
- - It only works as a pump, manually controlled by the steering wheel (emergency steering)

c) Relief Valve 11:

- It limits the pressure in the steering box feed circuit

d) Relief Valves 12:

- They eliminate any over-pressure applied to the steering cylinder when the control box is not being used.
- They protect the steering cylinder feed circuits

e) Shut-off Valve 5:
- It links the steering box return and feed to enable use as
emergency steering.
T L

Port Markings and Safety Parts R

P
P - Feed from the central braking unit
(or from the supplementary gear pump in some countries)
L - Return to the tank via the P10
R - Feed to the cylinder (right-hand steering)
L - Feed to the cylinder (left-hand steering)
5 - Safety valves on each cylinder feed circuit 5
6 - Relief valve

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

STEERING BOX
Operation
- Turning right
Turning the steering wheel causes the selection drum (1) to
rotate in relation to the feed sleeve (9).
The pin (8) which is held tightly in the sleeve (9), passes
through the drum (1) through a hole larger than the diameter of
the pin (this enables a rotation of 8° on either side of the drum
pin).
As a result, the cylinder feed canals open gradually, the tank
return ports close and the oil is directed to the metering device
(6) which carries the oil to the steering cylinder.
As of 8° the drum and the sleeve turn at the same speed and
form a follow-my-leader system.
If steering is stopped, the locating springs (2) push the feed
sleeve (9) into neutral position. The oil from the pump is once
again directed to the tank and the cylinder chambers are locked.

- Neutral position
The drum and the sleeve are centred in relation to each other by
the springs. Matching ports direct the oil from the pump to the
tank (open centre). The cylinder ports are closed (non-reaction)
so that the shocks caused by the reaction of the undercarriage to
an obstacle are not transmitted to the steering wheel.

- Manual control
If there is a failure or operating incident (Engine shut-down
during travel, damaged part, burst pipe) above the device, the
metering device automatically changes into a manual emergency
pump which supplies the steering cylinder as a closed circuit.
Turning the steering wheel causes the selection drum to rotate.
When it reaches 8°, the pin drives the feed sleeve and the
metering device via the transmission shaft. In these conditions,
the metering device works as a hand pump and pushes the oil
back to the steering cylinder. The pressure depends on the
torque developed by the operation of the steering wheel.

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

STEERING BOX
Shimming the metering device
Disassembly
- Before disassembling for checks, mark the position of
the different components.
Assembly
- Place the elements in front of you.
- install the set of gears 1 -2 so that a tooth base 4 of the
rotor 1 is in the position shown in the diagram opposite in
relation to the slot in the transmission shaft 3.
If the shimming is not done correctly, the steering tends to
turn on its own in the opposite direction to the action
required by the steering wheel (the box works as a motor).

The steering box symbolised

P
L

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

STEERING CYLINDER
- This is a two-rod cylinder.
- The cylinder drum is part of the front axle housing.
- It is connected at each end to the drive wheel hubs by
lever arms

Purpose
Depending on feed direction, it turns the excavator
drive wheels to the right or left.

Description:
1 - Drum

2 - Double rod piston

3 - Piston seal
4 - Bearing seal
5 - Scraper seal
6 - Bearing
7 - Bolt

1 5
2

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

FREINAGE / DIRECTION - BLOCAGE DE PONT PELLES P
LE BLOCAGE DE PONT AVANT

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE FRONT AXLE BEAM LOCKING AND UNLOCKING SYSTEM

11 12 13 14 15a 15b A
10

9
A
8

6
16
B

Y 13 Y2

17

18
2

19

20
1
22 21

Position 1 MANU Position 3

Position 4
Position 2 AUTO

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"988 " 8Q - HYDRAULICS

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

THE FRONT AXLE BEAM LOCKING AND UNLOCKING SYSTEM

Description of single-acting, single rod cylinder

1 - Wiper seal
2 - Sealing ring
3 - Barrel
4 - Rod
5 - Bleed assembly (screw and ball)
6 - Seal
7 - Seat for needle valve
8 - Needle valve
9 - Seal
10 - Piston
11 - Cap
12 - Pre-tensioned spring

System components
13 - Hydraulic swivel passage N°.10
14 - Control lever
15a and b - Non-return valves
16 - Solenoid valve for servo feed and front axle locking/unlocking
17 - 35 bar pressure limiter
18 - 3 bar pressure limiter
19 - Oil cooler
20 - Servo pump
21 - Reservoir
22 - Return filter

Chambers
A - Inlet from pilot circuit
B - Pressure inside cylinder chamber

Electric controls for front axle beam locking and unlocking The function is controlled by two 2-position switches
(located on the right of the steering column)

a) Select manual control / front axle beam locking (of switch positions 1 and 3) the solenoid valve 16 is
activated at Y2.
The servo pressure passes through solenoid valve 16, pushes non-return valve 15b, presses valve 15a against its
seat and feeds the servo controls. Chambers A of both cylinders are returned to the reservoir. Needle valves 8
are pressed against their seats 7 by spring 12 which pushes against pistons 10. Chambers B are closed off and
the front axle beam is locked continuously.

b) Manual control selection / front axle beam unlocking (switch positions 1 and 4) the solenoid valve is
activated at Y13.
The servo pressure passes through solenoid valve 16, pushes non-return valve 15a, presses valve 15b against its
seat and feeds the servo controls and the A chambers of both cylinders. Pressure acts on pistons 10 and
compresses springs 12. Needle valves 8 are no
longer pressed against their seats 7. Chambers B are intercommunicating and the front axle beam is unlocked
continuously. (In this case a warning lamp lights up on the instrument panel).

c) Select automatic front axle beam locking and unlocking (switch position 2. Positions 3 and 4 in this
case have no effect).
If the operator uses the attachments, Y12 is activated and the axle beam is locked.
If the operator uses travel or stabilisers, Y13 is activated, the axle beam is unlocked
automatically and the warning light on the instrument panel comes on.

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8Q - HYDRAULICS "988 "

STEERING/BREAK - LOCKING FRONT AXEL P EXCAVATORS

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS................................................................................................................8.T 2.00

ADJUSTING THE AUTOMATIC FLOW DIVIDER (AFD) on the 988C ....................................................8.T 8.00

988 P PRESSURE SETTINGS ................................................................................................................8.T 12.00

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 8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS

Tools required :
LS
22

Multitester kit.........................................E 37444-74

M3
Flow turbine 18-270 l/min ......................D31444-71
One high pressure hose DN25 .............W54319-76
360
AD

One minimess pressure test point .........A32375-49

One pressure test point union...............W12372-13
RC

One pressure test point union................U12372-11

Two minimess hoses .............................U76319-70
Plug ..................................Q33374-52 + T38436-39
M27

One spacer for Delta P L.S. (Ø 12.3 mm - Ø 10.2 mm - height 9 mm)

Tooling to lock the travel.

Location of the various pressure test points fitted on the machine.

415

M1 on the attachment control valve

A

M2 on the swing control valve

M3 on the anti-surge hose
M1
175

M4 on the manifold
B

M6
M7 on the swing brake feed hose
M27 on the proportioning valve
150
C

Location of pressure test points to be fitted.

400
U
M6 on the manifold
405

M17 on the speed limiter

D

395
K

Fitting the flow turbine on the A1 pump body (attachments and travel).

400
165

W
E

M4

Disconnect the variable flow A1 pump body outlet hose from the union block fitted on the power module side member,

140
earthing side.

Y
395
395

370

Fit the flow turbine (D31444-71) with the hose (W54319-76) recommended in the tool list.
A1
J
F

395
H

Bringing the hydraulic system up to temperature between 50 and 55°C.

395
G

Raise the excavator using the stabilisers and dozer blade.

Operate travel, with bucket or clamshell against the stops.
370

Checking the engine speeds with no load and the pressures supplied by the proportioning valve.
Z

Install the revolution counter and connect the multitester at M27.

M7
140
140

R
L

M17

MODES Speeds Pressures

400
X
380
Q

MEDIUM-IDLE 1180 to 1220 rpm 23 to 27 bar

140
380

190

T
190

LOW-IDLE 900 to 1000 rpm 27 to 30 bar

M

400
P

FINE 1580 to 1620 rpm 20 to 23 bar

ECO 1880 to 1920 rpm 15 to 19 bar
MAX 2180 to 2220 rpm 8 to 11 bar
M2

If the speeds are outside the tolerances, first check the geometry of the servo-motor connecting rod (length end to end
= 171 + or - 1 mm) and do the calibration again.
390
S

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS (continued)

CAUTION! ALL TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS MUST BE PERFORMED AT THE VARIOUS ENGINE SPEEDS
AND AT A TEMPERATURE OF 50¯C

Checking the pilot pressure with the armrest lowered.

Connect the multitester to the manifold at M4.

Put the machine in MAX mode.
The pressure should be greater than 34 bar.
If it is not, check the P35 or the electrical circuit.

AFTER EACH CHECK, IF THE PARAMETERS ARE WRONG, THE COMPONENT CONCERNED MUST BE
ADJUSTED OR REPLACED.

Pressure setting of L.S. valve

Static test with one pressure gauge 0/40 bar:

CAUTION! Start the engine before connecting the pressure gauge at M1.

Raise the left-hand armrest as a safety measure.

Put the machine in FINE mode.
Connect the pressure gauge at M3. The pressure should be between 8 and 12 bar. If it is not, check the P10.
Connect the pressure gauge at M1. The difference between M1 and M3 should be from 20 to 25 bar.

Dynamic test with multitester:

Fit the spacer on the control lever push rod on the boom raising function.
Connect the two multitester outlets at M1 and M3.
Operate the boom raising function.
The pressure difference (Delta P) should be between 20 and 23 bar.

Checking maximum flow on the variable displacement pump, using one single flow turbine.

Put the machine in MAX mode.

Connect the multitester to measure the flow.
Operate dipper retract and bucket close simultaneously.
The flow should be over 157 l/min and the pressure at M1 less than 100 bar.

Checking the balance flows.

Attachment control valves.

Feed, one after another, the large chambers of the boom, bucket and the dipper.
The flows should be between : 83 and 94 l/min for the boom.
: 71 and 81 l/min for the bucket.
: 78 and 89 l/min for the dipper.

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS (continued)

Travel control valve.

CAUTION! The difference between the flows noted on the right and left tracks must not exceed 4 l/min.

Forward direction.

Select speed 1 (Two-speed ecavator).

Raise each track using the attachment. With the inching valve control lever at maximum, operate each track in
forward travel.
Flows noted should be between 66 and 76 l/min.
If the values noted are between 61 and 81 l/min, adjust.the balance valves.
If not, check the adjustment of the automatic flow divider.

Using stopwatch

The sprockets should turn between 28 and 32 (rpm).

If the rpm noted is between 27 and 33 (rpm), adjust the balance valves.
If not, check the adjustment of the automatic flow divider (AFD) (See page : 8T-8).

Reverse travel

The procedure is the same as for forward travel.

If the flow values noted are between 61 and 81 l/min, or the sprocket revolutions between 27 and 33 rpm, adjust
the mechanical stops in the control valve caps.
LH travel (Section next to inlet plate) : small cap.
RH travel : Large cap.
If the flow values noted are below or above those shown above, adjust the automatic flow divider (AFD) (See
page : 8T-8).

Checking the hydraulic and power and pressures supplied by the proportioning valves, with the engine
under load.

Connect the multitester at M1 and M2.

Put the machine in MAX mode.
Block one attachment and the swing so as to check their maximum pressures which should be between 355 and
365 bar for the attachments and between 345 and 365 bar for the swing.
Adjust the secondary relief valve on the dipper cylinder large chamber to 300 bar.
Feed the dipper retracting function alone.
a) The pressure supplied by the proportioning valve should be between 12 and 17 bar.
b) The flow from the pump should be greater than 63 l/min.
c) The engine speed should be between 1980 and 2020 rpm.
Feed the dipper retracting and the swing functions simultaneously.
The pressure supplied by the proportioning valve should be between 21 and 27 bar.
The engine speed should be at least between 1980 and 2020 rpm.

WHEN THESE ADJUSTMENTS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED, REMOVE THE TURBINE.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS (continued)

Checking or adjusting all valves.

Connect the multitester at M1.

Set the machine in MAX mode.
Overtighten the relief valve by one turn.
Overtighten the attachments and travel flow cancellation valve by two turns.

Secondary relief valves on attachment control valve

Install plugs Q33374-99 + T 38436-39 at the outlet feeding the boom cylinder small chambers.
Put the machine in MAX mode.
The pressures noted, with the boom and dipper cylinders against the stops in both directions and with bucket
closing against
the stop, should be between 380 and 410 bar.
The pressure on bucket opening should be between 395 and 410 bar.
If the small chamber of the dipper is fitted with a safety valve or load holding valve and the pressure cannot be
reached, check those valves.

Travel control valve secondary relief valves.

Block the tracks mechanically in both travel directions.

Put the machine in MAX mode, with the inching valve lever at maximum.
Operate each track one after another, in both directions.
The pressures noted should be between 385 and 415 bar.

Adjusting the main relief valve

Operate the bucket opening function.

Untighten the relief valve until the same pressure as the bucket secondary relief valve is obtained.

Adjusting the attachment and travel flow cancellation valve.

Untighten this valve by two turns.

Operate the bucket against the stops.
Adjust to a value between 355 and 365 bar.

Checks or adjustments on the swing.

Circuit pressure without load

Connect the multitester at M2.

Put the machine in MAX mode.
The pressure noted should be between 15 and 17 bar.

Main relief valve

Lock the upperstructure mechanically.

Overtighten one secondary relief valve one turn.
Operate the swing direction concerned.
the pressure noted should be between 375 and 405 bar.

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

988 C PRESSURE SETTINGS (continued)

Swing secondary relief valves

Operate the swing in both directions.

the pressure noted should be between 345 and 365 bar.

Checking the swing brake release

Connect the two multitester outlets at M2 and M7.

With the upperstructure immobilised, operate the swing control valve gently. The pressure at M7 should be 35
bar before the pressure increases at M2.
If not, check the brake release circuit.

Checking the travel brake release

Install a pressure test point at M17.

Connect the two multitester outlets at M1 and M17.
Lock one track mechanically.
Press fully down on the foot control valve concerned. Operate the inching control gently. The pressure at M17
should show 11 bar before the pressure increases at M1.
If not, check the brake release circuit.

Checking the boom and dipper flow limiters.

Dipper retraction pressure at M1 should be between 40 and 70 bar.

if not, adjust the limiter spring to L = 17 mm.
If the boom lowering speed is not correct, adjust the spring to L = 26.5 mm.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

COMPLETE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE SETTING PROCEDURE 688B - 888B AND 988C
SINGLE AND TWO-SPEED EXCAVATORS (in case of troubleshooting)

This method enables a complete adjustment of the balance valves abd anti-excess flow valves to be made.

This procedure should be applied when the control valve has become completely out of adjustment or during
extensive overhauls.

It can be applied using the following means of measurement:

- Flow measurement using a flow turbine
- Measuring the number of revolutions of the sprocket in one minute.

HYPOTHESES

- The foloowing values are correct :

a) engine at maximum speed
b) servo pressures
c) L.S. Delta P
d) Main pump maximum flow.
- The circuits are completely bled
- The hydraulic fluid is at 50¯ C

METHODS

Raise each track one after the other using the attachment.
Control lever at maximum position for single speed and at indexing for two-speed.
Operate each track in each direction of travel.
read the flows on the turbine or count the number of revolutions of the sprockets.

Flows should be between

- 110 and 120 l/min for the 688
- 69 and 74 l/min for the 888 and 988

The number of sprocket revolutions should be between

- 33 and 36 rpm for the 688
- 29 and 31 rpm for the 888 and 988

IF THE FLOWS OF NUMBER OF SPROCKET REVOLUTIONS ARE INCORRECT

Overtighten the anti-excess flow valve

Remove that valve.

Remove the adjustment protection ring.
Overtighten by screwing the adjustment screw to its maximum position.

Checking excess flows on each track

Operate each track in each direction of travel.

Read the flows at the turbine or count the number of revolutions of the sprockets.

the flows should be between

- 115 and 125 l/min for the 688
- 89 and 94 for the 888 and 988

The number of sprocket revolutions should be between

- 34 and 38 rpm for the 688
- 38 and 40 rpm for the 888 and 988

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

COMPLETE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE SETTING PROCEDURE (continued).

IF THE FLOWS OF NUMBER OF SPROCKET REVOLUTIONS ARE INCORRECT

Cancel the effect of the spool stops

Disconnect the pilot lines.

Unscrew the spool mechanical stops, which are in the spool caps, and put them in contact with the assemblies.
Reconnect the pilot lines.

Cancel the action of the balance springs.

Remove the springs and push-rods.

Find the flow values for each track.

Raise each track, one after the other by means of the attachment.
Operate each track in both directions of travel.
Read the flows at the turbine or count the number of revolutions of the sprockets.
Note these values.

Adjustment to obtain symmetrical flows.

TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE LOWEST FLOW VALUE OR SPROCKET SPEED.

For the other three flows :

Disconnect the pilot line opposite to the spool travel direction.

Operate the direction of travel concerned.
read the flow or count the number of revolutions of the sprocket.
Tighten the stop until the flow or the number of revolutions of the sprocket is equal to the value found on the
slowest track.
Reconnect the pilot line.

NOTE : Leaks at the spool caps during adjustments are normal.

They are due to the pilot warming-through system.

Adjusting the speed of tracks in forward travel

Re-install the balance springs and pushrods on each section.

Operate each forward travel function.

Adjust the flows between

- 115 and 125 l/min for the 688
- 89 and 94 l/min for the 888.

The number of sprocket revolutions between :

- 34 and 38 rpm for the 688.
- 38 and 40 rpm for the 888.

CAUTION! Unscrew to increase flow and vice-versa.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

COMPLETE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE SETTING PROCEDURE (continued).

Adjusting the anti-excess flow valve

Remove that valve.

Untighten it a quarter of a turn.
Re-install the valve.
Operate in forward direction.

The flows should be between

- 110 and 120 l/min for the 688
- 69 and 74 l/min for hte 888 and 988.

The number of revolutions of the sprockets should be between

- 33 and 36 rpm for the 688.
- 29 and 31 rpm for the 888 and 988.

If not, adjust the anti-excess flow valve again.

CAUTION! Screw in to increase flow and vice-versa.

Then make a complete verification.

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 COMPLETE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE SETTING
PROCEDURE
(In case a section has to be changed due to the fact that the sprocket revolutions do not correspond to the values
shown, or in case of a complete rebuild).

This method enables the balance valves and the anti-excess flow valve to be fully adjusted.
This procedure should be applied when a control valve has become completely out of adjustment or as part of a
thorough overhaul.

It can be applied using one of the following measurement methods:

- flow measurement by means of a flow turbine
- measurement of the number of revolutions of a sprocket in one minute.

HYPOTHESES

- The following values are correct :

a) engine at maximum speed
b) servo pressures
c) L.S. Delta P
d) Main pump maximum flow.
- The circuits are completely bled
- The hydraulic fluid is at 50¯ C

METHODS

Preparation for the various adjustments

Tighten the anti-excess flow valve fully home.

Remove the springs and pushrods from the balance valves.
Disconnect the pilot lines.
Unscrew the spool mechanical stops, which are in the spool caps, and put them in contact with the assemblies.
Reconnect the pilot lines.

Evaluate the flow on each track

Raise each track one after the other using the attachment.
Operate each track in each direction of travel.
Read the flows on the turbine or count the number of revolutions of the sprockets.
Note these values.

Adjustment to obtain symmetrical flows.

TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE LOWEST FLOW VALUE OR SPROCKET SPEED.

For the other three flows :

Disconnect the pilot line opposite to the spool travel direction.

Operate the direction of travel concerned.
Read the flow or count the number of revolutions of the sprocket.
Tighten the stop until the flow or the number of revolutions of the sprocket is equal to the value found on the
slowest track.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

COMPLETE TRAVEL CONTROL VALVES PRESSURE SETTING PROCEDURE (continued).

NOTE : Leaks at the spool caps during adjustments are normal.

They are due to the pilot warming-through system.

Adjusting the speed of tracks in forward travel

Re-install the balance springs and pushrods on each section.

Operate each forward travel function.

Adjust the flows between

- 115 and 125 l/min for the 688
- 89 and 94 l/min for the 888.

The number of sprocket revolutions between :

- 34 and 38 rpm for the 688.
- 38 and 40 rpm for the 888.

CAUTION! Unscrew to increase flow and vice-versa.

Adjusting the anti-excess flow valve

Remove that valve.

Untighten it a quarter of a turn.
Re-install the valve.
Operate in forward direction.

The flows should be between

- 110 and 120 l/min for the 688
- 69 and 74 l/min for hte 888 and 988.

The number of revolutions of the sprockets should be between

- 33 and 36 rpm for the 688.
- 29 and 31 rpm for the 888 and 988.

If not, adjust the anti-excess flow valve again.

CAUTION! Screw in to increase flow and vice-versa.

Then make a complete verification

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 8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 P

A3
45
Tools required :
LS
22

M3
Multitester kit.....................................E 37444-74
Flow turbine 18-270 (l/min) ................D31444-71
360
AD

One high pressure hose DN25 .........W54319-76

One minimess pressure test point .....A32375-49
One pressure test point union...........W12372-13
RC

M11
One pressure test point union............U12372-11
Two minimess hoses .........................U76319-70
M27

One spacer for the L.S. Delta P (Ø 12.3 mm - Ø 10.2 mm - height 9 mm)

M12
Location of the various pressure test points fitted on the machine.

M1 on the attachment control valve

415

250
A

A4
M2 on the swing control valve
M3 on the anti-surge hose
M4 on the manifold

395
175

W
B

M6 on the shuttle ball block (behind the bottom of the cab)

M1

M7 on the swing brake feed hose

M8 on the brake unit
150
C

M22 on the travel motor

M27 on the proportioning valve

395
Location of pressure test points to be fitted.

X
405
D

M5 on the Orbitrol steering

395
K

M10 on the front axle

M6
165

M11 on the rear axle

E

370

M12 on the parking brake

Z

M22
370
Y

Fitting the flow turbine on the A1 pump body (attachments and travel).
395
395
F

Disconnect the variable flow A1 pump body outlet hose from the union block fitted on the power module side
member, earthing side.
M7
395
H

Fit the flow turbine (D31444-71) with the hose (W54319-76) recommended in the tool list.
395
G

M4

Bringing the hydraulic system up to temperature between 50 and 55°C.

158
A2
Raise the excavator using the stabilisers and dozer blade.
Operate travel, with bucket or clamshell against the stops.
M5

Checking the engine speeds with no load and the pressures supplied by the proportioning valve.
140

395
140

U
L

Install the revolution counter and connect the multitester at M27.

380
Q

MODES Speeds Pressures

168
380

190

190

S
M

MEDIUM-IDLE 1180 to 1220 rpm 23 to 27 bar

LOW-IDLE 900 to 1000 rpm 27 to 30 bar
M8

FINE 1580 to 1620 rpm 20 to 23 bar

ECO 1880 to 1920 rpm 15 to 19 bar
M2

170

MAX 2180 to 2220 rpm 8 to 11 bar

M10
T

If the speeds are outside the tolerances, first check the geometry of the servo-motor connecting rod (length end to
end = 171 + or - 1 mm) and do the calibration again.
395
V
390
A1

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 P (continued)

CAUTION! ALL INSPECTIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS MUST BE MADE WITH THE VARIOUS ENGINE SPEEDS
AND THE TEMPERATURE OF 50°

Checking the pilot pressure with the armrest lowered.

Connect the multitester to the manifold at M4.

Put the machine in MAX mode.
The pressure should be above 34 (bar).
If it is not, check the P35 or the electrical circuit.

AFTER EACH CHECK, IF THE PARAMETERS ARE WRONG, THE COMPONENT CONCERNED MUST BE
ADJUSTED OR REPLACED.

Pressure setting of L.S. valve

Static test with one pressure gauge 0/40 bar:

CAUTION! Start the engine before connecting the pressure gauge at M1.

Raise the left-hand armrest as a safety measure.

Put the machine in FINE mode.C
Connect the pressure gauge at M3. The pressure should be between 8 and 12 (bar). If it is not, check the P10.
Connect the pressure gauge at M1. The difference between M1 and M3 should be from 20 to 25 (bar).

Dynamic test with multitester:

Fit the spacer on the control lever push rod on the boom raising function.
Connect the two multitester outlets at M1 and M3.
Operate the boom raising function.
The pressure difference should be between 20 and 23 (bar).

Checking maximum flow on the variable capacity pump, using only one flow turbine.

Put the machine in MAX mode.

Connect the multitester to measure the flow.
Operate dipper retract and bucket close simultaneously.
The flow should be over 157 (l/min) and the pressure at M1 should be lower than 100 (bar).

Checking the balance flows.

Attachment control valves.

Feed, one after another, the large chambers of the boom, bucket and the dipper.
The flows should be between :
- 83 and 94 (l/min) for the boom.
- 71 and 81 (l/min) for the bucket.
- 78 and 89 (l/min) for the dipper.

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 P (continued)

Travel control valve.

Connect the multitester at M6 to check the pilot pressure of the travel control valve spool in forward direction.
Lift the excavator using the stabilisers and the dozer blade.
Select job site speed. Operate travel in forward and reverse direction.
The pressures noted should be 24 (bar) minimum.
If not, the pressure regulator must be adjusted or shims must be added under the spring or springs of the spool
or spools of the direction inverter.
Operate travel in forward direction. The flow shown should be between 82 and 88 (l/min).
If not, the balance valve must be adjusted.
Operate travel in reverse direction. The flow noted should be between 81 and 88 (l/min).
The drive shaft speeds in job-site range should be between 649 and 659 (rpm) in forward travel and between 627
and 659 (rpm) in reverse travel.
The drive shaft speeds in road range should be between 2166 and 2196 (rpm) in forward travel and between
2091 and 2196 (rpm) in reverse travel.

Stabiliser and dozer blade control valve.

When being lowered, the flow should be between, for:

- 2 pads : between ? (l/min)

- 1 pad : between 31 and 41 (l/min)
- 2 pads + blade : between 81 and 91 (l/min).
- 4 pads : between 81 and 91 (l/min)
If not, the balance valve must be adjusted or for the blade, see the restrictor at the large chamber inlet.

When raising, the flow should be between, for:

- 2 pads : between 21 and 26 (l/min).

- 1 blade : between 8 and 16 (l/min)
- 2 pads + dozer blade : between 30 and 40 (l/min).
- 4 pads : between 41 and 51 (l/min).
If it is not so, for pads, see the flow limiter(s) at the front or rear of the chassis.

Checking the hydraulic and power and pressures supplied by the proportioning valves, with the engine
under load.

Connect the multitester at M1 and M2.

Put the machine in MAX mode.
Block one attachment and the swing so as to check their maximum pressures which should be between 355 and
365 (bar) for the attachments and between 345 and 365 (bar) for the swing.
Adjust the secondary relief valve on the dipper cylinder large chamber to 300 bar.
Feed the dipper retracting function alone.
a) The pressure supplied by the proportioning valve should be between 12 and 17 (bar).
b) The flow from the pump should be greater than 63 (l/min).
c) The engine speed should be between 1980 and 2020 (rpm).
Feed the dipper retracting and the swing functions simultaneously.
The pressure supplied by the proportioning valve should be between 21 and 27 (bar).
The engine speed should be mi,imum between 1980 and 202 (rpm).

WHEN THESE ADJUSTMENTS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED, THE FLOW TURBINE MUST BE REMOVED.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 P (continued)

Checking or adjusting all valves.

Connect the multitester at M1.

Set the machine in MAX mode.
Overtighten the relief valve by one turn.
Overtighten the attachments and travel flow cancellation valve by two turns.

Secondary relief valves on attachment control valve.

Close the valve lever on the boom section

Put the machine in MAX mode.
The pressures noted, with the boom and dipper cylinders against the stops in both direction and with the bucket
cylinder in retracted position, should be between 380 and 410 (bar).
The pressure noted with the bucket in the opened position should be between 395 and 410 bar.
If the small chamber of the dipper is fitted with a safety valve or load holding valve and the pressure cannot be
reached, adjust those valves.

Secondary relief valves on the travel (speed limiter)

Disconnect cable 94 (brown colour) at ˛28, behind the cabinet

printed circuit.
S7 V17 V19
Set the machine in MAX mode. F31 F4 F3 F10 F11 F27
15A 5A 7,5A 15A 7,5A 5A
a1
N° 1
Engage the parking brake.
Select road speed range. ∆ 7 ∆ 11 ∆12 ∆ 13 ∆14 ∆ 15 ∆ 17 ∆ 19 ∆ 19 ∆19 ∆19 ∆ 22 ∆28 ∆ 42 ∆ 8

Operate the direction of travel inverter in one direction. 94

Press on the travel pedal (accelerator). Ø4 N° 2 ∆27

Repeat the operation in the opposite direction of travel.

The pressures noted should be between 380 and 410 bar. 1 2 3 4 5 20 30 38

N° 3
6 7 9 11 12 14 16 28 42 8

∆28

Stabiliser control valve secondary relief valves.

Operate against the stops on raise and on lower.

The pressures noted should be between 380 and 410 (bar).

Adjusting the relief valve.

Operate the bucket function.

Untighten the relief valve until the same pressure is obtained as at the bucket secondary relief valve.

Adjusting the attachment and travel flow cancellation valve.

Untighten this valve by two turns.

Operate the bucket against the stops.
Adjust to a value between 355 and 365 (bar).

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 (continued)

Hydraulic travel motor displacement change.

Connect the two outlets of the multitester at M1 and M22.

Release the direction of travel inverter brake.
Put the machine in FINE mode.
With cable 94 still disconnected, apply the parking brake.
Select road speed.
Press down slightly on the travel pedal.
Keep the direction of travel inverter just beginning to move.
At a pressure between 240 and 260 (bar) at M1, the pressure at M22 should begin to rise.
If it does not, the motor must be adjusted.
CAUTION! The screw must be untightened to increase the pressure.
Re-apply the direction inverter brake.
Re-connect cable 94.

Orbitrol housing relief valve.

Fit a pressure test point union (W12372-13) at M5 at P inlet of the housing.

Connect the multitester.
Operate the control against the stops in both directions.
The pressures noted should be between 155 and 160 (bar).
If they are not, disassemble the housing and check all the valves.

Brake unit engagement and disengagement pressures.

Connect the multitester at M8 on the brake unit.

Operate the parking brake several times.
The minimum engagement pressure should be between 120 and 140 (bar).
The maximum disengagement pressure should be between 150 and 165 (bar).
If it is not, check the brake unit.

Parking brake pressure.

Fit a pressure test union (U 12372-11) at M12.

Bleed the parking brake circuit.
Connect the multitester.
With the parking brake control in the released position, the pressure noted should be between 125 and 165 (bar).
With the control in the braked position, the pressure should not be greater than 0.5 (bar).
If it is not, check the circuit.

Service brake pressures.

On the front axle.

Fit a minimess pressure test point (A 32375-49) at M10 in place of the bleed screw support.
Bleed the circuit. Connect the multitester.
Press down on the brake pedal.
The pressure read should be between 45 and 60 (bar).
Release the brake pedal. The pressure should fall to a value lower than 0.5 (bar).
If it does not, check the circuit or the brake unit.

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"988" 8 T - HYDRAULICS

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988 (continued)

On the rear axle.

Same as on the front axle at M11.

Checks or adjustments on the swing.

Checking the relief valve

Lock the upperstructure mechanically.

Overtighten the secondary relief valve one turn.
Operate the swing direction concerned.
The pressure noted should be between 375 and 405 bar.

Checking the secondary relief valves.

Operate the swing in both directions. The pressure should be between 345 and 365 (bar).

Checking the swing brake release.

Connect the two multitest outlets at M2 and M7.

With the upperstructure blocked, just start to operate the swing control lever.
The pressure at M7 should show 35 (bar) before the pressure rises at M2.
If it does not, check the brake release circuit.

Checking the boom and dipper flow limiters.

Pressure on dipper retraction at M1 should be between 40 and 70 bar.

If it is not, adjust the limiter spring to Length = 17 mm.
If boom lowering speed is not correct, adjust the spring to Length = 26.5 mm.

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8 T - HYDRAULICS "988"

SETTING PRESSURES ON THE 988

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