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Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for babies. It protects babies from infection and disease while promoting emotional bonding between mother and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months has numerous advantages for both baby and mother, including reduced healthcare costs, contraception, and lower risks of certain cancers. Successful breastfeeding requires proper latching and positioning techniques as well as frequent feeding on demand. Factors like maternal stress, separation from baby, or baby refusal can inhibit breastfeeding.

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3K views9 pages

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for babies. It protects babies from infection and disease while promoting emotional bonding between mother and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months has numerous advantages for both baby and mother, including reduced healthcare costs, contraception, and lower risks of certain cancers. Successful breastfeeding requires proper latching and positioning techniques as well as frequent feeding on demand. Factors like maternal stress, separation from baby, or baby refusal can inhibit breastfeeding.

Uploaded by

Priyanjali Saini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BREASTFEEDING:-

INTRODUCTION:-
Breast milk is wholesome food for the baby. Breastfeeding is the most
effective way to provide baby with a caring environment & complete
nutrition. It meets the nutritional needs of the baby. UNICEF & WHO
recommends exclusive Breastfeeding to babies until 6 month of age.
A healthy mother may produce to 500-800 ml of milk a day to feed her
infant about 500kcal/day.
DEFINITION:-
Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk
directly from female human breast ( via lactation) not from a baby bottle
or other container.
PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION:- Human milk is produced due to
interaction between hormones &reflexes. During pregnancy the
glandular tissue of breast is stimulated to produce. Also two reflexes
mediated by these hormones come into play.
That is –
1. Milk secretion reflex ( prolactin reflex)
2. Milk ejection reflex ( oxytocin reflex)
TYPES OF BREAST MILK:-
The composition of breast milk varies at different stages of post natal
period to suit the needs of the baby.
1. Colostrum:- it is the milk secreted during the first three days after
delivery. It is thick and yellow in colour and rich in antibodies and
vitamin A,D,E & K.
2. Transitional milk:- it is the milk secreted during the next two
weeks. The immunoglobulin and protein content decrease while fat
and sugar increases.
3. Mature milk:- it follows transitional milk. It is thinner and watery
but has all nutrients for optimum growth of baby.
4. Fore milk:- it is the milk secreted at the start of a feed. It is s rich
in protein, sugar, vit. And water.
5. Hind milk:- it comes later, towards the end of a feed and is rich in
fat and energy and satisfies the baby's hunger.
INITIATION OF BREASTFEEDING:-
Breastfeeding should be started within first half an hour to one hour of
birth or as soon as possible after normal delivery, with in 4hours.
Rooming-in & bedding-in should be done with mother &baby to prevent
separation & promote Breastfeeding.
TECHNIQUES OF BREASTFEEDING:-
1. Wash hands before Breastfeeding.
2. Support mother’s body:- Help the mother to get into a
comfortable and relaxed position ( sitting or lying down). Use the
back well by pillow, cushion s or footstool to provide comfort.
3. Holds the baby:- Explain the mother to hold the baby keeping in
mind the 4 key points.
 Head and body of baby should be straight.
 Baby nose should be opposite to the nipple.
 Baby’s body should be close to her body.
 Whole body of the baby must be supported.
4. Support the breast:- Mother should than support her breast with
her fingers flat against her chest wall under her breast.
5. Latching or attachment of baby to the breast:- After proper
positioning, the baby’s cheek is touched with the nipple. Due to
rooting reflex, baby quickly turns his face towards the breast& starts
sucking.

Sign of Good attachment:-


 Baby's mouth is wide open.
 Baby’s chin touches the breast.
 Much of the areola is not visible as it is in the baby’s mouth.
 Baby’s cheeks are full and not hollow.
Sign of poor attachment:-
 Only the nipple is in the baby’s mouth not the areola.
 The baby’s tongue is back inside his mouth and can’t reach the
ducts to press them.
 Suckling with poor attachment may be uncomfortable or painful
for the mother.
Breastfeeding position:-
1. Cradle hold position:- hold the baby horizontally facing the
mother. When nursing from the right breast , use the right arm to
hold the baby. Let the baby ‘s head rest on the forearm while
supporting his back with the same forearm &holding his bottom
with the hand. Make sure that the baby’s lower arm doesn’t get in
the way. Support the breast with the left hand . This is the most
common position to used by mother.
2. Cross cradle position:- Hold the baby horizontally facing the
mother. When nursing from the right breast use the left arm to hold
the baby. Support his back with the left forearm while placing the
thumb and fingers at the base of the baby’s head , below his ears.
Make sure that the baby’s lower arm doesn’t get in the way.
Support the breast with the right hand.
3. Clutch (football position):- The baby is positioned at the
mother’s side, with their body & feet tucked under the mother’s
arm. The baby’s head is under the mother's hand. The mother's arm
may also rest on a pillow with this hold. This position may be
advantageous for mother’s who undergone a cesarean section,
since it place no or limited weight on the mother’s chest &
abdomen area.
4. Side lying position:- Baby and mother lying on their sides facing
each other. The mother should be relaxed with no muscles
straining, while keeping her back and hip in a straight line. The
baby need to be well supported &secure. Adjust the baby’s
distance from the lower breast by placing a folded blanket under
his head.
5. Laid-back Breastfeeding position :- Place your baby tummy
down on your stomach. Help baby find it for themselves. With this
position there isn’t an exact way to do it.
Advantages of Breastfeeding:-
Breastfeeding is ideal for the neonates. It has several advantages both for
the baby and mother.
Advantages for baby;-
1. Complete food:- It is a wholesome food for the baby as it
contains all the nutrients that a baby needs in first 6 months of life
for optimum growth and development.
2. Lower risk of infection:- Human milk contains high level of
lysozyme and IgA which offers protection to the baby against
several viral and bacterial diseases. Breast milk especially
colostrum contains numerous host defence factors like
macrophages, granulocytes, T and B lymphocytes. Lactoferrin
present in breast milk protects the baby from enteric infection.
Para-amino benzoic acid( PABA) present in breast milk protects
the baby from malaria.
3. Therapeutic effect:- Breastfeeding protect the baby from E.coli
infection due to high level of bifidus factor in it. Lectoferrin
protect the baby from neonatal hypocalcaemia and tetany. Also,
exclusively breast fed infants are at lower risk of developing
diabetes mellitus, childhood lymphomas, liver diseases and
bronchial asthma later in life.
4. Physiological adaptation:- Mother’s milk is very suitable for the
baby. Milk of mother who has delivered a preterm baby is different
from milk of term baby’s mother. Preterm mother’s milk contains
more energy, protein, fat, sodium, zinc, anti-infective factors and
macrophages and has lower lactose, calcium and phosphorus
content.
5. Economic factors:- Breast milk is available free of cost for the
baby. Also it is safe and free from any contamination so there is no
risk of infection to the baby. This ultimately reduces the cost of
hospitalization and economic burden of illness on family.
6. Emotional bonding:- Breastfeeding promotes emotional and
physical bonding between the mother and the baby. This leads to
better child and mother relationship and fewer behavioural
problems in children.
Advantages of mother
1. Lactation suppresses ovulation in mother who give exclusive
breast feeding to their infants and serves as a natural contraceptive.
2. Breastfeeding lower the risk of ovarian and breast cancer.
3. Breastfeeding is convenient for the mother as she is not required to
clean the bottle and prepare milk whenever she feeds the baby.
4. Breastfeeding the baby helps mother lode extra weight that she had
put during pregnancy.
5. Breastfeeding promotes involution of uterus, thus brings back the
mother in shape after delivery.
Exclusive Breastfeeding:-
Exclusive Breastfeeding means feeding baby with breast milk soon after
birth and continuing until 6 month without giving baby any other food.
The baby is given only breastmilk and nothing else whenever the baby
hungry.
Frequency and Duration of Breastfeeding:-
Since the baby is only given breast milk, the frequency of feeding
depends on the baby; feeding should be done as per the baby’s demand.
This means that you will be feeding your baby at least 8 to 12 times a
day. Night-time breastfeeding should be made possible by co-sleeping
with the baby. The duration of breastfeeding again depends on the
baby’s needs. Each session could last from 20 to 45 minutes. The baby
should be satisfied feeding from one breast before another is offered.

Factors inhibiting breast feeding:-

MATERNAL FACTORS
 Stress / Anxiety (may decrease production and milk ejection
reflex);
 Separation of mother and child (e.g., return to work, school);
 Hormonal imbalance (thyroid gland, polycystic ovary
syndrome, diabetes type 1 or 2);
 New pregnancy;
 Insufficient breast tissue (tube-shaped breasts);
 Surgery to the breast or nipple;
 Mother who does not wake up (drugs, alcohol, medication);
 Breast injury/bad breastfeeding position;
 Misuse of the teat (less efficient stimulation);
 Poor nutrition of the mother (less than 1500 calories per day).

INFANT FACTORS
 Using commercial infant formula and a baby bottle;
 Baby refusing the breast (rapid flow, flat nipple, large nipple);
 Baby sleeping for long periods or that does not wake up
(jaundice, prematurity, certain medication);
 Long periods between feedings (baby does not wake up at
night);
 Weak suction (premature baby, sick baby, trisomy 21);
 Short tongue frenulum.

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