Coordinates: 37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.

46″W

Nvidia
Nvidia Corporation[note 1] (/ɛnˈvɪdiə/ en-VID-ee-ə) is an
American multinational technology company incorporated in
Nvidia Corporation
Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California.[2] It designs
graphics processing units (GPUs) for the gaming and professional
markets, as well as system on a chip units (SoCs) for the mobile Logo since 2006
computing and automotive market. Its primary GPU product line,
labeled "GeForce", is in direct competition with Advanced Micro
Devices' (AMD) "Radeon" products. Nvidia expanded its
presence in the gaming industry with its handheld Shield Portable,
Shield Tablet, and Shield Android TV and its cloud gaming
service GeForce Now.

In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel

processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them
Headquarters at Santa Clara in 2018
to efficiently run high-performance applications. They are
deployed in supercomputing sites around the world.[3][4] More Type Public
recently, it has moved into the mobile computing market, where it Traded as NASDAQ: NVDA (http
produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets as s://www.nasdaq.com/s
well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems.[5][6][7] In ymbol/nvda)
addition to AMD, its competitors include Intel and Qualcomm. NASDAQ-100
component
S&P 100 component
Contents S&P 500 component

History Industry Semiconductors

Major releases and acquisitions Artificial intelligence
Class action lawsuit Video games
Apple/Nvidia web driver controversy Consumer electronics
Hardware Unboxed controversy Computer hardware
Finances Founded April 5, 1993
GPU Technology Conference Founders Jensen Huang
Product families Curtis Priem
Open-source software support Chris Malachowsky

Deep learning Headquarters Santa Clara,

DGX California, U.S.
Area served Worldwide
Inception Program
2018 winners[115] Key people Jensen Huang
2017 winners[115] (president & CEO)
Colette M. Kress
See also (CFO)
Notes
Products Graphics processing
References units (GPU)
External links Central processing
units (CPU)
Chipsets
History Drivers
Tablet computers
Nvidia was founded on April 5, 1993,[8][9][10] by Jensen Huang
TV accessories
(CEO as of 2020), a Taiwanese American, previously director of
CoreWare at LSI Logic and a microprocessor designer at Automotives
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Chris Malachowsky, an Revenue US$11.7 billion
electrical engineer who worked at Sun Microsystems, and Curtis (2019)[1]
Priem, previously a senior staff engineer and graphics chip Operating US$3.804 billion
designer at Sun Microsystems. income (2018)[1]

In 1993, the three co-founders believed that the proper direction Net income US$4.141 billion
for the next wave of computing was accelerated or graphics-based (2018)[1]
computing because it could solve problems that general-purpose Total assets US$13.292 billion
computing could not. They also observed that video games were (2018)[1]
simultaneously one of the most computationally challenging
Total equity US$9.342 billion
problems and would have incredibly high sales volume. The two
(2018)[1]
conditions don't happen very often. Video games became the
company's flywheel to reach large markets and funding huge Number of 18,100 (October 2020)[1]
R&D to solve massive computational problems. With only employees
$40,000 in the bank, the company was born.[11] The company Subsidiaries NVIDIA Advanced
subsequently received $20 million of venture capital funding from Rendering Center
Sequoia Capital and others.[12] Nvidia initially had no name and Mellanox Technologies
the co-founders named all their files NV, as in "next version". The After proposed
need to incorporate the company prompted the co-founders to acquisition: Arm Ltd.
review all words with those two letters, leading them to "invidia", (90%)
the Latin word for "envy".[11] Nvidia went public on January 22, Website nvidia.com (http://nvidi
1999.[13][14][15] a.com)
developer.nvidia.com
(http://developer.nvidi
Major releases and acquisitions a.com)

The release of the RIVA TNT in 1998 solidified Nvidia's reputation for developing capable graphics adapters.
In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), most notably introducing on-board transformation and
lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four-pixel pipelines, it
implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation, and hardware sub-picture alpha blending.
The GeForce outperformed existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's
Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project took many of its best
engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the
summer of 2000. In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-
time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from mid 1990s until
2000.[16][17] The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002.[18]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software-rendering tools and the
personnel were merged into the Cg project.[19] In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately
US$70 million.[20] On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high performance TCP/IP
and iSCSI offload solutions.[21] In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the
design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. On December 14, 2005, Nvidia
acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party
southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[22] In
March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[23] In December
2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD
(which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S.
Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the
graphics card industry.[24]

Forbes named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the
accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the
previous five years.[25] On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it
had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[26] In February
2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of the PhysX physics engine
and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to
integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.[27][28]
Aerial view of the new Nvidia
In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World headquarters building and
Congress, Nvidia released its Tegra 3 ARM system-on-a-chip for surrounding campus and area in
mobile devices. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever Santa Clara, California, in 2017.
quad-core mobile CPU. [29][30] In May 2011, it was announced that Apple Park is visible in the distance.
Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company
in the UK, for $367 million.[31] In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the
Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system-
on-chip.[32] On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.[33]

Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business focusing on three markets: gaming, automotive electronics, and
mobile devices.[34] Nvidia is also now focused on artificial intelligence.[35]

On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GPUs of the GeForce 10 series, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on
the company's new Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its Maxwell-
based Titan X model; the models incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16 nm
manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-
projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality
rendering.[36][37][38] Laptops that include these GPUs and are sufficiently thin – as of late 2017, under 0.8
inches (20 mm) – have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.[39]

In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the
models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of RAM due to limitations brought by the design of its
hardware.[40] In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota which will use Nvidia's Drive PX-
series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.[41] In July 2017, Nvidia and Chinese search
giant Baidu announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving,
consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia's Drive
PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.[42]

Nvidia officially released the Titan V on December 7, 2017.[43][44]

Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.[45] Nvidia officially released RTX
2080GPUs September 27, 2018. In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards would be
integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence.[46]

On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to buy Mellanox Technologies for $6.9 billion[47] to
substantially expand its footprint in the high-performance computing market. In May 2019, Nvidia announced
new RTX Studio laptops. The creators say that the new laptop is going to be seven times faster than a top-end
MacBook Pro with a Core i9 and AMD's Radeon Pro Vega 20 graphics in apps like Maya and RedCine-X
Pro.[48] In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official Nvidia-developed patch for the game
Minecraft adding real-time DXR raytracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version of the game. The whole
game is, in Nvidia's words, "refit" with path tracing, which dramatically affects the way light, reflections, and
shadows work inside the engine.[49]

In May 2020, Nvidia's top scientists developed an open-source ventilator in order to address the shortage
resulting from the global coronavirus pandemic.[50] On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced their
Ampere GPU microarchitecture and the Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator.[51][52] In July 2020, it was reported
that Nvidia was in talks with SoftBank to buy Arm, a UK-based chip designer, for $32 billion.[53]

On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series based on the company's new
Ampere microarchitecture.[54][55]

On September 13, 2020, it was announced that Nvidia would buy Arm Holdings from SoftBank Group for
$40 billion, subject to the usual scrutiny, with the latter retaining a 10% share of Nvidia.[56][57][58][59]

In October 2020, Nvidia announced its plan to build the most powerful computer in the United Kingdom in
Cambridge. Named Cambridge-1, the computer will employ AI to support healthcare research, with an
expected completion by the end of 2020, at a cost of approximately £40 million. According to Jensen Huang,
"The Cambridge-1 supercomputer will serve as a hub of innovation for the UK, and further the
groundbreaking work being done by the nation’s researchers in critical healthcare and drug discovery."[60]

Class action lawsuit

In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after
reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due to
manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia
became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been
incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP. In September 2010, Nvidia
reached a settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases,
replacement.[61][62] On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement
with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.[63]

Apple/Nvidia web driver controversy

In May 2018, on the Nvidia user forum, a thread was started[64] asking the company to update users when
they would release web drivers for its cards installed on legacy Mac Pro machines up to mid-2012 5,1 running
the macOS Mojave operating system 10.14. Web drivers are required to enable graphics acceleration and
multiple display monitor capabilities of the GPU. On its Mojave update info website, Apple stated that macOS
Mojave would run on legacy machines with 'Metal compatible' graphics cards[65] and listed Metal compatible
GPUs, including some manufactured by Nvidia.[66] However, this list did not include Metal compatible cards
that currently work in macOS High Sierra using Nvidia developed web drivers. In September, Nvidia
responded, "Apple fully control drivers for Mac OS. But if Apple allows, our engineers are ready and eager to
help Apple deliver great drivers for Mac OS 10.14 (Mojave)."[67] In October, Nvidia followed this up with
another public announcement, "Apple fully controls drivers for Mac OS. Unfortunately, Nvidia currently
cannot release a driver unless it is approved by Apple,"[68] suggesting a possible rift between the two
companies.[69] By January 2019, with still no sign of the enabling web drivers, Apple Insider weighed into the
controversy with a claim that Apple management "doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS".[70] The following
month, Apple Insider followed this up with another claim that Nvidia support was abandoned because of
"relational issues in the past",[71] and that Apple was developing its own GPU technology.[72] Without Apple
approved Nvidia web drivers, Apple users are faced with replacing their Nvidia cards with a competing
supported brand, such as AMD Radeon from the list recommended by Apple.[73]

Hardware Unboxed controversy

On December 10, 2020, Nvidia told popular YouTube tech reviewer Steven Walton of Hardware Unboxed
that it would no longer supply him with GeForce Founders Edition graphics card review units.[74] In a Twitter
message, Hardware Unboxed said, "Nvidia have officially decided to ban us from receiving GeForce
Founders Edition GPU review samples. Their reasoning is that we are focusing on rasterization instead of ray
tracing. They have said they will revisit this 'should your editorial direction change.'"[75]

In emails that were disclosed by Walton from Nvidia Senior PR Manager Bryan Del Rizzo, Nvidia had said:

...your GPU reviews and recommendations have continued to focus singularly on rasterization
performance, and you have largely discounted all of the other technologies we offer gamers. It is
very clear from your community commentary that you do not see things the same way that we,
gamers, and the rest of the industry do.[76]

TechSpot, partner site of Hardware Unboxed, said, "this and other related incidents raise serious questions
around journalistic independence and what they are expecting of reviewers when they are sent products for an
unbiased opinion."[76]

A number of prominent technology reviewers came out strongly against Nvidia's move.[77] Linus Sebastian,
of Linus Tech Tips, titled the episode of his popular weekly WAN Show, "NVIDIA might ACTUALLY be
EVIL..."[78] and was highly critical of the company's move to dictate specific outcomes of technology
reviews.[79] The popular review site Gamers Nexus said it was, "Nvidia's latest decision to shoot both its feet:
They've now made it so that any reviewers covering RT will become subject to scrutiny from untrusting
viewers who will suspect subversion by the company. Shortsighted self-own from NVIDIA."[80]

Two days later, Nvidia reversed their stance. Hardware Unboxed sent out a Twitter message, "I just received
an email from Nvidia apologizing for the previous email & they've now walked everything back."[81][77]

Finances
For the fiscal year 2018, Nvidia reported earnings of US$3.047 billion, with an annual revenue of US$9.714
billion, an increase of 40.6% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nvidia's shares traded at over $245 per share, and
its market capitalization was valued at over US$120.6 billion in September 2018.[82]

For the Q2 of 2020, Nvidia reported sales of $3.87 billion, which was a 50% rise from the same period in
2019. The surge in sales was a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and people's higher demand for computer
technology. According to the financial chief of the company, Colette Kress, the effects of the pandemic will
"likely reflect this evolution in enterprise workforce trends with a greater focus on technologies, such as
Nvidia laptops and virtual workstations, that enable remote work and virtual collaboration."[83]
 Revenue Net income Total assets Price per share
Year[82] Employees
in mil. US$ in mil. US$ in mil. US$ in US$
2005 2,010 89 1,629 8.81
2006 2,376 301 1,955 16.76
2007 3,069 449 2,675 25.68
2008 4,098 798 3,748 14.77
2009 3,425 −30 3,351 10.97
2010 3,326 −68 3,586 12.56
2011 3,543 253 4,495 15.63
2012 3,998 581 5,553 12.52
2013 4,280 563 6,412 13.38 5,783
2014 4,130 440 7,251 17.83 6,384
2015 4,682 631 7,201 23.20 6,658
2016 5,010 614 7,370 53.33 6,566
2017 6,910 1,666 9,841 149.38 7,282
2018 9,714 3,047 11,241 245.75 11,528

GPU Technology Conference

Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) is a series of technical conferences held around the world.[84]
It originated in 2009 in San Jose, California, with an initial focus on the potential for solving computing
challenges through GPUs.[85] In recent years, the conference focus has shifted to various applications of
artificial intelligence and deep learning, including: self-driving cars, healthcare, high performance computing,
and NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) training.[86] GTC 2018 attracted over 8400 attendees.[84] Due to
the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, GTC 2020 was converted to a digital event and drew roughly 59,000
registrants.[87]

Product families
Nvidia's family includes primarily graphics, wireless communication,
PC processors, and automotive hardware/software. Some families are
listed below:

GeForce, consumer-oriented graphics processing products

Quadro, computer-aided design and digital content
creation workstation graphics processing products
NVS, multi-display business graphics solution
A Shield Tablet with its
Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices
accompanying input pen (left) and
Tesla, dedicated general-purpose GPU for high-end image game controller (right)
generation applications in professional and scientific fields
nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel
(Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors
Nvidia GRID, a set of hardware and services by Nvidia for graphics virtualization
Nvidia Shield, a range of gaming hardware including the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and,
most recently, the Shield Android TV
 Nvidia Drive automotive solutions, a range of hardware and software products for assisting car
drivers. The Drive PX-series is a high performance computer platform aimed at autonomous
driving through deep learning,[88] while Driveworks is an operating system for driverless
cars.[89]

Open-source software support

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its advanced hardware,[90]
meaning that programmers could not write free and open-source device driver for its products without
resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and an open-source library that
interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also
provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional
hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[91]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities.[92]
Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers and regard Nvidia's insistence on
providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as inadequate, given that competing manufacturers such as
Intel offer support and documentation for open-source developers and that others (like AMD) release partial
documentation and provide some active development.[93][94]

Because of the closed nature of the drivers, Nvidia video cards cannot deliver adequate features on some
platforms and architectures given that the company only provides x86/x64 and ARMv7-A driver builds.[95]
As a result, support for 3D graphics acceleration in Linux on PowerPC does not exist, nor does support for
Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console.

Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors
that can be used at the same time, but the company has not commented on these accusations.[96]

In 2014, with Maxwell GPUs, Nvidia started to require firmware by them to unlock all features of its graphics
cards. Up to now this state did not change and makes writing open-source drivers difficult.[97][98][99]

Deep learning
Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, artificial intelligence, and accelerated analytics. The company
developed GPU-based deep learning in order to use artificial intelligence to approach problems like cancer
detection, weather prediction, and self-driving vehicles.[100] They were included in many Tesla vehicles
before Elon Musk announced at Tesla Autonomy Day in 2019 that the company developed its own SoC and
Full Self-Driving computer now and would stop using Nvidia hardware for their vehicles.[101] According to
TechRepublic, Nvidia GPUs "work well for deep learning tasks because they are designed for parallel
computing and do well to handle the vector and matrix operations that are prevalent in deep learning".[102]
These GPUs are used by researchers, laboratories, tech companies and enterprise companies.[103] In 2009,
Nvidia was involved in what was called the "big bang" of deep learning, "as deep-learning neural networks
were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs)".[104] That year, the Google Brain used Nvidia
GPUs to create Deep Neural Networks capable of machine learning, where Andrew Ng determined that
GPUs could increase the speed of deep-learning systems by about 100 times.[105]

DGX
In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 supercomputer based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability
of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.[106] It also
developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google
Cloud, which Google installed in November 2016.[107] Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of
its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s, each containing 4992 processing cores. Later that year, AWS's P2
instance was produced using up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM
to create a software kit that boosts the AI capabilities of Watson,[108] called IBM PowerAI.[109][110] Nvidia
also offers its own NVIDIA Deep Learning software development kit.[111] In 2017, the GPUs were also
brought online at the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu.[112] The company's deep
learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.

In May 2018, researchers at the artificial intelligence department of Nvidia realized the possibility that a robot
can learn to perform a job simply by observing the person doing the same job. They have created a system
that, after a short revision and testing, can already be used to control the universal robots of the next
generation. In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers
and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications.[113]

Inception Program
Nvidia's Inception Program was created to support startups making exceptional advances in the fields of AI
and Data Science. Award winners are announced at Nvidia's GTC Conference. There are currently 2,800
startups in the Inception Program.[114]

2018 winners [115]

Subtle Medical (healthcare)
AiFi (enterprise)
Kinema Systems (autonomous vehicles)

2017 winners [115]

Genetesis (social innovation)
Athelas (hottest emerging)
Deep Instinct (most disruptive)

See also
CUDA
Fast approximate anti-aliasing
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
G-Sync
Huang's law
List of Nvidia 3D Vision Ready games
List of Nvidia graphics processing units
Molecular modeling on GPUs
Nvision
Nvidia demos
Nvidia Ion
 Nvidia Shadowplay
OpenCL
OptiX
Project Denver

Notes
1. Officially written as NVIDIA and stylized in the logo as nVIDIA with the lowercase "n" the same
height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as nVIDIA with a large italicized lowercase
"n" on products from the mid 1990s to early-mid 2000s. "NVIDIA Logo Guidelines at a Glance"
(http://international.download.nvidia.com/partnerforce-us/Brand-Guidelines/NVIDIA_LogoGuid
elines.pdf) (PDF). NVIDIA.com. NVIDIA. Retrieved March 21, 2018.

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m-chs-44270&ranMID=44270&ranEAID=msYS1Nvjv4c&ranSiteID=msYS1Nvjv4c-bihf7LqPGF
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External links
Official website (http://www.nvidia.com)
Business data for Nvidia: Google Finance (https://www.google.com/finance?q=NVDA) · Yahoo!
Finance (https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=NVDA) · SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/brow
se-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=NVDA)

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