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LIGHTING

Outdoor lighting has evolved over the past 300 years from oil lamps to modern electric lighting. Proper outdoor lighting should provide visibility and safety while avoiding light pollution and light trespass. Fully shielded fixtures that direct light downward are recommended. Different light sources like LEDs, sodium, and halogen bulbs have various color rendition and energy efficiency tradeoffs for outdoor uses like streets, landscapes, and pathways.

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94 views31 pages

LIGHTING

Outdoor lighting has evolved over the past 300 years from oil lamps to modern electric lighting. Proper outdoor lighting should provide visibility and safety while avoiding light pollution and light trespass. Fully shielded fixtures that direct light downward are recommended. Different light sources like LEDs, sodium, and halogen bulbs have various color rendition and energy efficiency tradeoffs for outdoor uses like streets, landscapes, and pathways.

Uploaded by

Aastha Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AP-215 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC

OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Define Nightscape
• For many centuries the nightscape
was the moon and stars. During a
full moon it would be relatively
bright and during a new moon,
rather dark.
what night used to be

• For urban dwellers over the last


100 years it has come to be
described as lighting buildings,
streets, and open spaces.

urban areas have become


History
• Street lighting as we know it began
approximately 300 years ago.
• These were oil lamps placed on wooden
poles
• By the early 18th century oil lamps were still
used but the poles and lamps were made of
cast-iron fixtures.
• The beginning of the 19th saw gas lamps
come into use.
• By the 20th century electric lamps were in
wide use.
What is outdoor lighting now?
• Street lighting
• Roadway lighting
• Parks
• Stadiums
• Parking lots
• Landscaping
• Residential
• Buildings
• Pedestrian and Bicycling Pathways
Purpose of outdoor lighting
• Provide a safe and secure
environment at night.
• Extend the use of parks and
walkways into the night.
• To enhance historic/notable
features
• To enhance travel on the roads
and at intersections.
What is light pollution?
• It is wasted light that performs no function or task
• Such as sky glow
• Glare
• It is artificial light that goes where it’s not supposed to go
• Neighbor’s window
• Into the sky
Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor lighting should…
• Enhance visibility, not impede it
• Not produce glare
• Be a part of the total
nightscape, not all of it
• Not allow light trespass on
other’s property
• Have a master plan
Outdoor lighting should…
• Provide a safe and secure environment
• Create safe routes for traffic, cyclists and
pedestrians
• Facilitate the extended use of outdoor spaces
Shielded Luminaires
Importance of Shielding Light
• Unshielded lights produce
• Sky Glow
• Glare
The Issues
Unshielded Luminaires Waste
Energy
• Light that spills out, away from the task it needs to be used
for is wasted energy, and wasted money.
• Environmentally responsible outdoor lighting reduces this
waste and costs no more than earlier manufactured light
fixtures.
• Below- before on the left and after on the right.
Unnecessary lights on the roof only added to their light bill,
not to the safety of the parking lot.
Non-shielded lights are unsafe
• The glaring lamp to the right of the path was installed to protect students at
night.
Where did the student go?
Negative Impact on Wildlife
• Animals and plants live by a rhythm
based on a 24 hour cycle. Wildlife
and fish can become disoriented by
too much artificial light at night.
• It interferes with migration, mating,
foraging for food, and sleep.
Negative Impact on Human Health
• Light trespass into
bedrooms disrupts sleep
patterns.
• Glare in our eyes can be
blinding and reduce our
night vision.
• New research is being
done to discover the
impact to our biological
clocks.
Solutions
Solutions
• Outdoor lights should be “full
cut-off” or “fully shielded.”
That means no light above the
90 degree angle.

• Fully shielded lighting can be


purchased or retrofitted

• Use timers, dimmers, and


motions sensors.

• Motion sensors in a parking lot


or on a house provide an alert
to after hours activity that a
dusk to dawn sensor does not.
Following slides show shielded and
unshielded outdoor lighting examples
Recessed
lighting done
badly, and
Recessed
lighting done
well.
Fully shielded lighting at an airport
Unshielded lighting at an ATM
A typical un-shielded mercury
vapor luminaire
How shielded lighting reduces glare
• The image below is a test site
for fully shielded street lights.
To the right; the same lights
shown in comparison to the
un-shielded existing lights.
Outdoor Lights
• Outdoor lights are usually different from those bulbs used indoors because they
need to be much brighter and last longer. There are many different kinds of light
bulbs used outdoors, and they each have pros and cons.

Halogen Bulbs:
These bulbs work in a similar way to an
incandescent bulb by running electricity
through a tungsten filament. Unlike the
incandescent, there is halogen gas inside the
bulb. Halogen bulbs last much longer than
incandescent, but these bulbs are much
brighter and burn much hotter than traditional
incandescent bulbs.
CRI: 100
Metal Halide:
• Commonly used in streetlights, parking lot
lights, and stadium lights
• They are very bright and contribute to a lot of
light pollution
• Fairly efficient
• They produce very white light and have good
color rendition
CRI: 85-94

High Pressure Sodium (HPS):


• It is the most commonly used street light
throughout the world.

• Requires little maintenance.

• These lamps are fairly efficient.

• They take a while to turn on completely and


produce a yellow-orange glow.
CRI: 20-24
Low Pressure Sodium (LPS):
• The low pressure sodium (LPS) lamp works
similarly to the HPS light.
• Instead of producing white light, LPS lamps
produce almost exclusively yellow light.
• While this light is fairly efficient, it takes
several minutes for the bulb to turn on.
• The light is very yellow-orange.
• This yellow light makes objects it is
illuminating look a different color or gray.
CRI: -44

LED Street Lamps:


• LED technologies have developed rapidly in
recent years and these bulbs are now being
integrated into outdoor lighting solutions.

• While the energy savings are significant, LEDs


produce a lot of blue light, too much of which
can have negative effects on human health
and wildlife.
CRI: 80-98
LANDSCAPE LIGHTING
• Landscape lighting has excessive
potential to enhance the landscape

• Landscape lighting can add safety,


security, ambiance, mood and
drama to the outdoor
environment.
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
1. Path Lighting
• This technique is used primarily for safety to
highlight sidewalks, drives, or any path to
ensure safe pedestrian passage at night.
• Typical fixtures: mushrooms, tulip light,
lantern, specialty lights

2.Step / deck Lighting


• Step lighting brings deck to life in night and
help us to navigate stairs safely during night.
• Typical fixtures: spot/accent light, specialty
lights

3.Underwater Lighting
• Underwater lighting highlights underwater
plant material and captures light to show off
depth or imaginative design.
• Illuminating water-bodies not only increase
their attractiveness but also ensures safety in
dark.
4. UP Lighting

• Up lighting is rarely seen in nature yet this


effect is typically used to highlight the
trees, statues etc.
• and to produce large shadows and
dramatic facades or to “wash” walls with
light.

5. down Lighting

• The Down lighting effect is used to provide


general illumination for safety, security or
outdoor entertainment or it can be used to
focus on a singular object such as a statue or
specimen tree.

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