AUTOCAD LAB MANUAL

INDEX

1. Introduction to AutoCAD
2. Functional Keys
3. Control Keys
4. Absolute Cartesian Co-Ordinate System
5. Relative Cartesian Co-Ordinate System
6. Relative Polar Method
7. Units
8. Limits
9. Commands
10. Texting
11. Dimensioning
12. Important terms in Building Construction
13. Exercises On Buildings
(i)Cross section of Load Bearing Wall
(ii) Elevation and Cross section of Door Frame and Shutter
(iii) Elevation Cross section of window Frame and Shutter
(iv) Plan, Elevation and section of Residential Building with Load Bearing Wall
(v) Plan, Elevation and section of R.C.C. Framed Structure
(vi) Plan, Elevation and section of Single Stoyred Building
(vii) Industrial Building North Light Truss

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD

Introduction:

AutoCAD was the first computer aided design/ drafting programmes made available
on personal computers. It is built to help people design buildings products; public space
without having to draw up plans by hand.

It was released in 1982 by auto desk and offered a personal solution to software that
was before then released only for larger station.

Advantages of AutoCAD:

 A mid rang software

 User friendly
 Lots of time saving (but not always).
 Paper less environment.
 Ease of accuracy
o Ex: Joining of links head to head is not possible normally with desired
accuracy.
 Easy to edit.
 Easy to repetition addition.
 Reproduction of drawing is easy, rapid and reliable in terms of dimensional accuracy
and precision.
 2D and 3D production of drawing is very easy.
 Zoom command facility allows us to see the minute details on larger scale view.
 Auto scale option is available full scale drawing can be formed.
 Layer option allows us to hide or show some specific details of a complex assembly
drawing for clear understanding.

Disadvantages of AutoCAD:

 Expensive equipment is required like computer, plotter, big screen monitor etc....
 Registered software is expensive and it requires a heavy reoccurring annual fee.
 Equipments is fragile can be damaged drastically.
 Continuous updating of the equipment and software is needed.
 Special computer skills are required
 Proper maintenance, supervision and administration is required for computer
networking.

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AutoCAD Environment:

The different features of the Auto cad environment are: menu bar, tool bar, command
area, drawing area, co-ordinates, UCS (user co-ordinate system), status bar.

Methods of creating a drawing in AutoCAD:

1. Using menu bar

2. Using tool bar
3. Using command bar

Use of Mouse Click:

1. Left click is used for selection (selecting a point, object or command)

2. Right click is used for options.
3. The wheel is used to zoom in or zoom out a particular location of drawing.

Methods of Selections:

Basically there are two methods of selection of an object

a). As individual selection

b).As group selection

However the group selection can be done in 2ways, either from right to left or from left
to right.

AutoCAD File Format:

DWG: AutoCAD drawing file

BMP: Device independent bit map

DWF: AutoCAD drawing web format

DXF: AutoCAD R14 drawing interchange

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AutoCAD Window:

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 CHAPTER-2

FUNCTIONAL KEYS

F1: Help

F2: Command line history

F3: Osnap ON/OFF

F4: No function assigned

F5: Isoplane Top/Left/Right

F6: Dynamic UCS ON/OFF

F7: Grid ON/OFF

F8: Ortho ON/OFF

F9: Snap ON/ OFF

F10: Polar ON/OFF

F11: Object snap tracking ON/OFF

F12: Dynamic input ON/OFF

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 CHAPTER-3

CONTROL KEYS

Ctrl+0: Full screen

Ctrl+1: Properties

Ctrl+2: Design centre

Ctrl+3: Tool palettes

Ctrl+4: Sheet Set Manager

Ctrl+5: No tab assigned

Ctrl+6: DB connect Manager

Ctrl+7: Mark up set Manager

Ctrl+8: Quick calculator

Ctrl+9: Command line ON/OFF

Ctrl+S: Save

Ctrl+O: Open

Ctrl+Z: Undo

Ctrl+Y: Redo

Ctrl+P: Plot

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 CHAPTER-4

ABSOLUTE CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

In this method the co-ordinates of a point are given in terms of Cartesian co-ordinate(x, y).

The coordinates are given with respect to origin. This method is called as absolute
Cartesian Co-ordinate system.

Ex: Draw a square of ABCD 3mx3m

Command:

L (Enter)

1, 1(Enter)

4, 1(Enter)

4, 4(Enter)

1, 4(Enter)

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 CHAPTER-5

RELATIVE CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

In this method the Co ordinates of a point are given with respect to the previous point
(and not with respect to the origin) in terms of displacement.

Syntax:

L (Enter), specify the first point by clicking on screen.

@5, 0(Enter)

@0, 3(Enter)

@-5, 0(Enter)

@0,-3(Enter)

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 CHAPTER-6

RELATIVE POLAR CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

In this method the co ordinates of a point are given in terms of polar co ordinate with
Respect to the previous point.

Syntax: @X, 0

L (Enter)

@5, 0 (Enter)

@3,90 (Enter)

@5,180(Enter)

@3,270(Enter)

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 CHAPTER-7

UNITS

UNIT: This command is used to set all the units in the Auto cad.

There are various type of units such as,

1) Architectural
Ex: 3 ½
2) Decimal
Ex: 3.5m
3) Engineering
Ex: 3’6” (OR) 3.5’
4) Fractional
Ex: 3 ½ m

The user need to set the units of the drawing before starting the drawing.

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 CHAPTER-8

LIMITS

LIMITS or Limmax: This command is used to set the size of the drawing area.

The lower left corner will be generally kept as origin and upper right corner depends upon the
Size of the drawing area required.

NOTE: Before starting the drawing the user should do the following 3 steps,

1) Set the units

2) Set the limits

3) Press Z (Enter) and A (Enter).

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 CHAPTER-9

COMMANDS
1) LINE: L (Enter) to draw a line with dimensions (or) without dimensions.

2) CIRCLE: C (Enter) to draw a circle by using of radius (or) diameter (or) directly.
3) RECTANGLE: REC (Enter) to draw a rectangle with dimensions (or) without
dimensions.
4) MIRROR: MI (Enter) to mirror the object.
5) ROTATE: R (Enter) to rotate the object in any angle.
6) DISTANCE: DI (Enter) to determine the distance from one point to another point.
7) MOVE: M (Enter) to move the object one point to another.
8) SCALE: SC (Enter) to change the dimensions.
9) COPY: CO (Enter) to copy the object one point to another.

10) BREAK: BR (Enter) to break the line in some plane.

11) JOIN: J (Enter) to join the line which in some plane.

12) ZOOM: Z (Enter) to zoom the object.

13) ELLIPSE: EL (Enter) to draw the ellipse with radius (or) dia (or) without scale.

14) OFFSET: O (Enter) to draw the parallel line to another line at a distance.

15) TRIM: TR (Double Enter) to cut the additional line.

16) FILLET: F (Enter) to join the line at some point (or) to draw the edges as curve.

17) CHAMFER: CH (Enter) to draw the edges as inclined line.

18) OSNAP: OS (Enter) is used to control the curser.

19) ERASE: E (Enter) to erase the object.

20) POLYLINE: PL (Enter).

21) POLYGON: POL (Enter)

22) ARC: A (Enter).

23) SPLINE: SPL (Enter).

24) HATCH: H (Enter).

25) EXPLODE: E (Enter).

26) VIEW: V (Enter).

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 27) MULTILINE: MT (Enter).

28) DIVED: DIV (Enter).

29) PAN REALTIME: P (Enter).

30) DRAFTING SETTING: DS (Enter).

31) OPTION: OP (Enter).

32) GRADIENT: GD (Enter).

33) TABLE: TB (Enter).

34) RAY: RAY (Enter).

35) ARRAY: AR (Enter).

36) BOUNDARY: BO (Enter).

37) UNDO: U (Enter).

38) POINT: PO (Enter).

39) MVIEW: MV (Enter).

40) EXTEND: EX (Enter), XE (Double Enter)

41) STRECH: S (Enter).

42) DIMENSION LINEAR: DAL (Enter).

43) ALIGN: AL (Enter)

44) REGION: REG (Enter)

45) MATCHP ROPERTIES: MA (Enter)

46) LENGHTEN: LEN (Enter)

47) LAYERS: LA (Enter)

48) INSERT: I (Enter)

49) BLOCKS: B (Enter)

50) LEADER LINE: LE (Enter)

51) ADCENTER: ADC (Enter)

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 CHAPTER-10

TEXTING
TEXT: This command is used to write text in the drawing for specifying the starting
point of the text command to be written. This command is also be written if the text is
written by using this command.

MULTILINE TEXT: This command also used to write text in the drawing by specifying
a region however there are many options for formatting in this command. Also multiple
lines can be edited at once the text using this command.

SHORTCUT: MT (Enter) and T (Enter).

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 CHAPTER-11

DIMENSIONS
There are various types of dimension tools in the Auto cad.

1) DIMENSION LINEAR: Measure the vertical (or) horizontal distance between two
points.
2) DIMENSION ALIGNED: Measure the distance between two points in the direction
of their orientation.
3) DIMENSION RADIUS: It is used to measure the radius of an arc (or) a circle.
4) DIMENSION DIAMETER: It is used to measure the diameter of the circle.
5) DIMENSION ANGULAR: It is used to measure the angle between two lines.

NOTE: Before using the dimensions the dimension format is to be set in dimension style.

 Click dimension style.

 Clicks modify to make the changes.

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 CHAPTER-12

IMPORTANT TERMS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUTION: The construction of building is done by referring the plan drawing
section and elevation and these are drawings are drawn on scale hence they are called
measured drawings.

PLAN: Is the horizontal cutting at a convenient t height and is being seen top plan shows
the length and beams of rooms, thickness of walls, doors, and windows position the
length of door and windows etc,, position length and the size of step(or) stairs.

Whatever is above the cutting plans is shown by dotted lines.

Eg: Sunshade, overhead etc.

ELEVATION: In this outer view of the finished buildings shows the finished building
design of sunshade, parapet and chajja etc.

SECTION: In this inner view of the finished building shows in detail the widths, depths,
thickness, materials used from foundation to parapet.

IMPORTANT TERMS IN BUILDING CONSTRUTION

1) FOUNDATION: The portion of a building constructed below the ground level in
order to distribute the structure load over large area is known as the foundation. In
case of load bearing walled structure the size of wall increased by mean of the footing
of some stone masonry (or) stone masonry and finally rests on concrete bed of
required size.
2) FOOTING: The width of load bearing walls is increased in steps by providing equal
increases on either side these steps are known as footing. The increase provided on
either side of wall faces known as offset depth of foundation in vertical distance
below general ground level up to bottom of concrete bed laid on load bearing wall.
3) PLINTH: The portion of structure between the surrounding ground level the surface
of the floor level is immediately built up area at floor levels known as plinth area.
4) SUPER STRUCTURE: The portion of the building construction above the ground
level is known as super structure this includes masonry wall.
5) BALCONY: Balcony is a horizontal projection including a hand soil to serve as
passage.
6) PORCH: Porch (or) portion is covered surface supported on pillar (or) otherwise the
purpose pedestrian (or) vehicular approach to a building
7) SUNSHADE: Sunshade is sloping (or) horizontal projection R.C.C cantilever slab
provided over opening on external walls to provide projection from sun and rain.
8) LINTELS: Lintels are small beam which are reinforced concrete is construction
provided over small opening like doors, windows etc.
Generally 0.1m thick and width equal to wall provided.

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 9) SITE PLAN: Shows the outline of the purposed construction in relation to total plot in
site plan you have to show the outer dimensions of the plot and set back open spears
hot all around and also the length and breadth of the proposed construction,
The site plan is drawn on a similar smaller than plan and neighbour plot numbers also
in the plan.

10) LOCATION PLAN: Shows where the proposed construction is being done you have
to show road width approach from main road and also shape (or) any site.

The location plan is drawn without a scale.

DIFFERENT ITEMS IN BUILDING

A good building generally consists of the following structural components.

1) FOUNDATION: It is the most important part in the structure since foundation are
imbedded in ground any signification of failure in foundation cannot be noticeable till
it has already affected the structure of any significance of structure except they can be
repaired with suitable measures but it is very structures as the foundation are under
ground and the entire loads of structure depends on suitable foundation. Generally
most of failure of structures are found due inspection of soil underneath considering
various loads the structure has to resist.
2) FUNCTION: The distribution the loads coming on the structure over a large bearing
area to avoid loading of soil underneath.
 To provide level and hard surface for the super structure.
3) BASEMENT (PLINTH): It is the middle position between foundation and super
structure of the building (or) the structure. In the middle of ground level a floor level
as NBC the minimum height of building is 0.45m over foundation average ground
level.
The height depends upon the various factors like architectural appearance the required
height of expected flood level of ground nature of ground object building height
existing etc.

FUNCTIONS:

 To prevent the building from damp and moisture penetration.

 To transmit the load of super structure of foundation.
 To improve the elevation building over foundation average ground level this height
depends upon the various factors like architectural appearance the required height of
floor level of ground nature of ground object building height existing etc.
4) SUPER STRUTURE: it is the part of structure which lies over the basement (or) floor
level hence it consists foundation and basement.
5) DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS: doors are meant to provide access to
the rooms of building they are located in such a way that an easy moment and privacy
of the rooms is achieved. Windows and ventilators are an opening made in the wall
for providing day light vision and ventilation.

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 6) ROOFS: The roofs is the upper most part of the building and its main function is to
curve the space and protect from weathering agencies like sun, snow and heat etc.
7) SILLS, LINTELS AND SUNSHADE: For windows sills are provided between the
bottom of window frame and wall below it to protect the top of the wall from wear
and tear lintels are the horizontal at structural member provided to support the weight
of the wall above the openings of the doors and windows. Sunshades are generally
provided along the lintels and they are provided to doors and windows on Interior
walls.
8) GROUND FLOOR AND UPPER FLOOR: A single stored building has only one
floor which directly resist on ground is known as ground floor. Multi storeys building
have other floor also in addition to ground floor some time one (or) two storeys of
buildings are constructed under ground level such floors are called basement floor.
9) STEPS AND STAIRS: A step is normally consists of tread and rise. A stair is a
structure of steps leading from one floor to another location of straight should
provided easy approach in any building stair should have good lighting ventilation
and safety and movement.

10) FINISHES FOR WALLS: Finishes for walls are several types such as plastering,
painting, distempering, decorate and colour washing etc.

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 EXercise-1

CROSS SECTION OF A LOAD BEARING WALL

AIM: To draw cross section of a load bearing wall.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cadd-2016

PROCEDURE:

 Set the units and limits according to given plan (or) cross section dimension at
2000mm and 5000mm on work space sheet.
 Set the limits on work space by using limits command.
 Start drawing by giving approximate value (5, 5) gives the dimension at levelling
course with gravel length of 900mm and depth 450mm.
 To separate gravel part and C.C foundation by using of offset command 150mm.
 Leave space on foundation at 150mm both sides then start footing by commanding
offset particular dimension. The same is followed for the second footing with
300mm depth.
 Command offset with depth 600mm to draw the foundation again use offset draw
the damp proof course with depth 200mm thick also draw flooring.
 Continue the plan to draw super structure at 300mm width.
 Command hatch to give design to cross sectional plan design the level with gravel
foundation with concrete and walls.
 All should be previewed before closing the given size of materials to good visible.
 Using command dimensions to linear and able to see all dimensions for DPC solid
material should take in hatch.

RESULT: Cross section of cross section of a load bearing wall

is drawn in Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-2

Elevation and Cross section of door frame and door

shutter

AIM: To draw the elevation and cross section of a Door frame and door shutter using the
various commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cad-2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

UNITS: Used to set the current format for units

LIMITS: Resets the method space limits.

ZOOM: It is used to zoom the object created.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line in the
dimensional co ordinates.

LINE TYPE: Using this command different types of a line can be used to draw objects.

OFFSET: Create a new object at a specified distance from an existing object (or) through a
specified point.

FILLET: This command is used basically used for surrounding edges.

TRIM: Trim is used to cutting the edges of objects.

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BREAK: Remove only a part of an object.

COPY: Moves the selected object from given square to destination, learning a copy at the
selected location.

REMOVE: Rotate object around a specified point.

MOVE: Move object around a specified point (or) destination plan from the surface place.

HATCH: Makes shaded pattern as matter of the few picks and chicks away.

EXTEND: Elongates an object to a boundary defined by other object.

ERASE: Used to erase the unwanted object.

TEXT: Create text object with specified height and orientation.

OSNAP: We enter Osnap at command properly it prevent to options on the command line.

PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as
default(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per requirement.
 By using units command set the types as decimal.
 By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed.
 By using line type we can draw dotted lines.

RESULT: Elevation and Cross section of door frame and door shutter

are drawn in Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-3

Elevation and Cross section of window frame and

window shutter

AIM: To draw the elevation and cross section of a window frame and window shutter using
the various commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cad-2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

UNITS: Used to set the current format for units

LIMITS: Resets the method space limits.

ZOOM: It is used to zoom the object created.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line in the
dimensional co ordinates.

LINE TYPE: Using this command different types of a line can be used to draw objects.

OFFSET: Create a new object at a specified distance from an existing object (or) through a
specified point.

FILLET: This command is used basically used for surrounding edges.

TRIM: Trim is used to cutting the edges of objects.

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BREAK: Remove only a part of an object.

COPY: Moves the selected object from given square to destination, learning a copy at the
selected location.

REMOVE: Rotate object around a specified point.

MOVE: Move object around a specified point (or) destination plan from the surface place.

HATCH: Makes shaded pattern as matter of the few picks and chicks away.

EXTEND: Elongates an object to a boundary defined by other object.

ERASE: Used to erase the unwanted object.

TEXT: Create text object with specified height and orientation.

OSNAP: We enter Osnap at command properly it prevent to options on the command line.

PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as
default(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per requirement.
 By using units command set the types as decimal.
 By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed.
 By using line type we can draw dotted lines.

RESULT: Elevation and Cross section of window frame and window shutter

are drawn in Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-4

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH LOAD BEARING WALLS

AIM: To draw the plan elevation and cross section of an industrial building using the various
commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cad-2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

UNITS: Used to set the current format for units

LIMITS: Resets the method space limits.

ZOOM: It is used to zoom the object created.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line in the
dimensional co ordinates.

LINE TYPE: Using this command different types of a line can be used to draw objects.

OFFSET: Create a new object at a specified distance from an existing object (or) through a
specified point.

FILLET: This command is used basically used for surrounding edges.

TRIM: Trim is used to cutting the edges of objects.

BREAK: Remove only a part of an object.

COPY: Moves the selected object from given square to destination, learning a copy at the
selected location.

REMOVE: Rotate object around a specified point.

MOVE: Move object around a specified point (or) destination plan from the surface place.

HATCH: Makes shaded pattern as matter of the few picks and chicks away.

EXTEND: Elongates an object to a boundary defined by other object.

ERASE: Used to erase the unwanted object.

TEXT: Create text object with specified height and orientation.

OSNAP: We enter Osnap at command properly it prevent to options on the command line.

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PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as
default(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per requirement.
 By using units command set the types as decimal.
 By using line command the outer line of the plan is drawn with the required
dimensions by using offset command the wall thickness of the plan is given as per
requirement.
 By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed.
 Using arc command the doors are shown as per requirement of each room.
 Using copy command the doors are copied.
 Using move command the doors are moved and fixing in the plan on where it should
be placed using rectangle command the doors, offset command window is drawn.
 By using line type from continuous drawn the line the window ventilator and sunshade
placed as required place.
 The elevation drawn by extending the other line of plan using extends command.
 The section is drawn by extending the other lines of the plan using extend command.

RESULT: The functional requirement of the residential building is plan,

Plan section and elevation are drawn in Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-5

SINGLE STORYED BUILDING

AIM: To draw the plan, elevation and cross section of a individual industrial building using
the various commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cad 2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

LIMITS: Reset the model space limit.

UNITS: Used to set current format for units of measure.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line.

OFFSET: Create a new object as a specified distance from an existing object.

BREAK: Remove only parts of an object.

ARC: Used to create an arc segment methods are three points,

Start, centre, end

Start, centre, angle

Centre, start, end

Start, centre, length

Start, end, radius

Centre, start, angle

Start, end, diameter

Continuous.

COPY: Move the selected object from a given square to distance learning copy at the
originally selected location.

ROTATE: Rotate objects around a specified point.

MOVE: Move objects to the destination place from the source plan.

HATCH: Make shaded pattern as matter of few picks and chicks a way.

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EXTEND: Elongates an objects to a boundary defined by other sides.

PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as default
(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per our requirement.
 By using unit command set the type as the decimal 0.000 and unit to scale drop content
in mm.
 By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed the lines that cannot be trimmed
using trim command are eliminated by the break command using arc command the
doors are drawn as per requirement of each room using copy command the doors are
copied it necessary multiply copy is used.

RESULT: Thus the plan, section and elevation of a building were drawn by using various
commands in Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-6

R.C.C FRAMED STRUCTURE

AIM: To draw the plan, elevation and cross section of industrial building using various
commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE USED: Auto cad 2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THIER DISCRIPTION

UNITS: Used to set the current format for unit measure.

LIMITS: Reset the model space limits.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points are dimensional co
ordinates.

OFFSET: Creates a new object at a specified distance from an existing object.

TRIM: Trim of an object using outing edges define by other object.

BREAK: Remove only a part of an object.

ARC: Used to create an arc segment three points,

Start, centre, end

Centre, start, end

Centre, start, angle

Centre, start, length

Continue.

COPY: Moves to selected object from a given square to destination

ROTATE: Rotate objects around a specific point.

HATCH: Make shaded pattern as matter.

PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as default
(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per requirement.
 By using command set type decimal and units to scale drag and drop context as mm.

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  The door drawn by using line command is copied as many times then window is
drawing by line.
 The selection line is drawn with an arrow head after completing the plan of extension
made on the drafting setting dialogue box by using osnap. Elevation is drawn similar
to plan by using the line command.
 After finishing are done by hatch command. If it is ok, then press enter otherwise esc
and repeat again.
 Before hatching dimensions are marked by using command.
 Erase command is used to erase any selected object after this use save command all
plan is solved by giving corresponding path.

RESULT: This is functional requirement of residential building is placed and elevation and
cross section were drawn by using Auto cad 2016.

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 EXercise-7

INDUSTRIAL BUILDING NORTH LIGHT TRUSS

AIM: To draw the plan, elevation and section of a industrial building using the various
commands in Auto cad.

SOFTWARE: Auto cad 2016.

COMMANDS USED AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

LIMITS: Reset the model space limit.

UNITS: Used to set current format for units of measure.

LINE: Line command allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line.

OFFSET: Create a new object as a specified distance from an existing object.

BREAK: Remove only parts of an object.

ARC: Used to create an arc segment methods are three points,

Start, centre, end

Start, centre, angle

Centre, start, end

Start, centre, length

Start, end, radius

Centre, start, angle

Start, end, diameter

Continuous.

COPY: Move the selected object from a given square to distance learning copy at the
originally selected location.

ROTATE: Rotate objects around a specified point.

MOVE: Move objects to the destination place from the source plan.

HATCH: Make shaded pattern as matter of few picks and chicks a way.

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EXTEND: Elongates an objects to a boundary defined by other sides.

PROCEDURE

 The limits are set before starting the drawing the lower left corner is set as default
(0.000,0.000) the upper right corner is changed as per our requirement.
 By using unit command set the type as the decimal 0.000 and unit to scale drop content
in mm.
 By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed the lines that cannot be trimmed
using trim command are eliminated by the break command using arc command the
doors are drawn as per requirement of each room using copy command the doors are
copied it necessary multiply copy is used.

RESULT: Thus the plan, section and elevation of a building were drawn by using various
commands in Auto cad 2016.

Prepared by Mohammed Ghouse Asst. Professor JPNCE Page 31