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Behavioural Implication of Animal

This document discusses livestock behavior and its implications for management and welfare. It begins by defining behavior and explaining that understanding behavior is key to good management. It then describes different types of behaviors such as social, agonistic, ingestive, body care, thermoregulatory, and reproductive behaviors. It also discusses abnormal behaviors and their causes. The document emphasizes that behavior indicates an animal's welfare and health. It concludes by explaining how improving management practices can enhance welfare by allowing animals to express natural behaviors.

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97 views36 pages

Behavioural Implication of Animal

This document discusses livestock behavior and its implications for management and welfare. It begins by defining behavior and explaining that understanding behavior is key to good management. It then describes different types of behaviors such as social, agonistic, ingestive, body care, thermoregulatory, and reproductive behaviors. It also discusses abnormal behaviors and their causes. The document emphasizes that behavior indicates an animal's welfare and health. It concludes by explaining how improving management practices can enhance welfare by allowing animals to express natural behaviors.

Uploaded by

thanh ba mat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATION OF

LIVESTOCKS FOR BETTER


MANAGEMENT AND WELFARE

SUBMITTED BY
SUCHISMITA PRADHAN
PREVIEW

Behaviour
Behavioural pattern
Types of behaviour
Social , Agonistic , Ingestive ,Body care ,Thermoregulatory behaviour
Reproductive behaviour
Abnormal behaviour ( causes and their control )
Animal welfare (5 freedom )
Welfare issues and legislation
Behaviour and welfare relationship
How to improve welfare through behaviour
Conclusion
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR ?
Behaviour may be defined as the respond given from
animals to internal and external stimuli .
(Passille et al.1996 )
 Behaviour is a significant indicator of health of animals
.
 Understanding behaviour is the key to good
management.
(D.M.Boom and A.F.Fraser)
BEHAVIOURAL PATTERN

Organized segment of behaviour


having a special function .

Develop through play and social


contact with other animals
Under the influence of
environmental stimulation and
genetic factors
Varies with sexes, breed, strain ,
individual , climate
TYPES OF BEHAVIOUR

Social Behaviour
Agonistic Behaviour
Ingestive Behaviour
Body Care Behaviour
Thermoregulatory Behaviour
SOCIAL
SOCIALBEHAVIOUR
BEHAVIOUR
Social behaviour is animal’s ability to
communicate with each other .
First social bond develop with dam.

Animals that were reared together as calves were


more likely to associate when adult
(Bouissou and Hovels ,1976 ) .
Social facilitation : Activity of certain Group grazing of cattle
individuals , usually rapidly followed by others .
(Benham .1982 )

Social hierarchy : Formed in a well established


group. Introduction of new animals into a group
or the mixing of groups will normally lead to
fighting until a new social order is established .
Dam and calf relationship
AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR

All forms of behaviour by an animal which is


in conflict with other .

Causes
•When a new group formed
•A new individual enter into a well established
FIGHTING BETWEEN
group CATTLES
•Limited supply of food and bedding space
•Competition among animals for breeding

To minimize aggressive events large


individual distances should be maintained .

AGGRESSION AT MIXING
INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR

Animal fed in stalls spend very little time


feeding compared with free ranging animals of
same species .But they eat many meals of short
duration [ Vasilatos and Wangsness (1980)]

When daily max. Temperature >25˚c night


BROWSING IN GOAT
grazing varies from 0-70% of total grazing
time.

GRAZING IN SHEEP

ROOTING IN PIG
Different Components of Feeding
Behaviour in Livestock
GRAZING TIME OF DIFFERENT
 Rumination is about 15-20 ANIMAL
times ,but duration of each
period may last from few min
to 1hr .
 Animal have an appetite for
energy .

 Water requirement
Cow =38-42 lit ,Buffalo =65 lit ,
Sheep = 3-6 lit , pig =8lit

Source :Domestic animal behaviour and welfare


(D.M. Broom and A .F. Fraser )
BODY CARE BEHAVIOUR

Done for attainment of comfort .

Include scratching ,shaking and licking .

Grooming behaviour done to minimize disease


and parasitism .
Auto grooming AUTO GROOMING BY HEAD
Allo-grooming.

In ill health , generally the body care activities


and comfort shift became reduced or arrested .

DUST BATHING IN
CHICKEN
THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOUR
Done to maintain animal in
thermoneutral zone.

On a hot day seek the shade of trees ,


avoiding direct solar radiation.
Animal show panting , wallowing.
CATTLE SHELTERING FROM
In cold, shivering occur . Horses SUNSHINE
often generate herd gallop thus raising
body temperature.

Buffalo and Pig needs wallowing for


thermoregulation .

WALLOWING OF PIGS
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
FEMALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

OESTRUS BEHAVIOUR

COW Restless behaviour, raises and twitches tail ;arches


back and stretches ,bellowing ,mounts or stands to
be mounted , vulva sniffed by other cows
SHEEP ewe seeks out ram and associates closely with it

GOAT rapid tail waving; poor appetite for 1 day

HORSE Urinating stance.

PIG Sow stands for ‘riding test’ , pricking of ears .

[Source ; D.M.Broom and Fraser ]


Behavioural characteristics of oestrus in farm animals

SNIFFING AND LICKING OF VULVA

MOUNTING IS ACCEPTED
URINATING STANCE BY COW IN ESTRUS
MALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

Libido is an internal state that , is


measured by showing sexual behaviour.

These include :
Nosing of the female’s perineum
Nudging
Flehman response (except in pig )
Flicking out of the tongue
Striking out with a forelimb Flehman Response
Low pitched bleating .
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
Also known as anomalous behaviour ,behavioural
aberrations repeated .
Stereotypy is a relatively in-variate sequence of
movements that has no obvious purpose .
Indicate poor welfare .

EXAMPLE
Tail-biting (pigs)
Tongue rolling and inter-suckling in calves
Crib-biting and sucking by horses [ Brion (1964) ]
Feather pecking and head shaking in hen [ Levy (1944) ]
CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR

Overcrowding
Monotonous environment
Suppression of natural
instincts
Inadequate exercise
Malnutrition
POSSIBLE AVENUES FOR PREVENTION
OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR

Altered housing management


Provide adequate space to avoid
overcrowding
Provide suitable bedding
materials
Provide adequate exercise
Supply adequate roughage and
balanced diet
Visual separation of affected
animal
What is Animal Welfare?
What is Animal Welfare?
World Organisation for Animal Health defines
animal welfare as “how an animal is coping with
the conditions in which it lives.’’

An animal is in a good state of welfare


if it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe,
able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not
suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear,
and distress.
(Brambell Report, 1965, revised by FAWC(1993)
HOW TO ASSES LIVESTOCK WELFARE AT FARM

Once we have identified which aspects of the Five


Freedoms have potentially been compromised we
also need to consider the followings
BEHAVIOURAL INDICATOR TO ASSESS
WELFARE

Behaviour is useful in a study of animal welfare


because it gives us
Behavioural indicators in welfare in
comparison with physiological measures

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGE INTERPRETATION IS
DIFFICULT
Behaviour Indicators of Livestock

Good welfare Poor welfare

Alertness Limited range of activity


Curiosity Panting and/or sweating
Range of activities Huddling or shivering
Interaction with other members of Depression
the herd/flock
Interaction with humans Abnormal fear or aggression
towards humans
Play Stereotypies
Ear notching in pig, castration in cattle and goat ,
disbudding in cattle
Ritual method of slaughter of animal
Killing of newborn male chicks by layer industry
Limited opportunities for natural behaviours
Ex: animal in battery cages , veal and gestation crates.
Cont...
Ill treatment of animal during handling ,
transportation.
Failure to provide adequate diet , failure to treat
diseases and lack of normal animal husbandry.
Beating and kicking of animal .
Keeping the animal in wet and uneven floor cause
lameness , foot problems .
GOVERMENT ANIMAL WELFARE ORGANIZATION
NON GOVERMENT ORGANIZATION
IMPLICATION OF BEHAVIOUR FOR
LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
• As we know that the animal welfare focus on ,let the animal
express naturally, the various behavioral activities give
indication about managemental status of farm .
• Reproductive behaviour sometime get compromised due to
limited space or change in climate (heat stress), during this
period proper management of animal should be taken care.
• If animal is not behaving normally that also indicates
something problem with management which needs to be
investigated.
• Abnormal behavior reflects poor welfare therefore, ways to
sort out the managemental conditions needs to be improved.
HOUSING MANAGEMENT

• Flooring of house should not be wet ,


slippery and uneven .
• Roofing should be proper to prevent
heat and cold stress .
• Wall should be sufficient height to
maintain adequate ventilation and air
flow .
• Animal normally live in herds /flock ,
approaching parturition, it should be
removed from the herd and placed in an
individual pen.
Cont….
• As a consequence of poor welfare European union passed a
directive in 1997
Group housing of calves after 8wk of age .
Individual pens at least as wide as height of calves at wither.
No tethering of calves except <1 hr at feeding time
FEEDING MANAGEMENT

In group feeding enough feeding places


with barriers between individual should
be provided .
Adequate colostrum should be given to
new born .
To prevent feed wasting , a trough should
be designed to suit the particular
behaviour pattern that each species
exhibits while feeding.
Balanced ration should be given .
Provide continuous clean drinking water .
HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT

Major welfare problems are lameness ,


mastitis , reproductive problems .

CONTOL MANAGEMENT
Surrounding of animal should be
clean and dry .
Periodic deworming and
vaccination of animals .
Isolation of affected animal .
Immediate treatment to injury .
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effect of early weaning on milking behaviour, production and


reproduction of Tharparkar cows

Write few result:

(Indian J. Dairy Sci. 68(5), 2015 )


Weaning effect can enhance the conception rates and reduce calving to conception
interval in postpartum Tharparkar cows but milk production has declined during early
lactation .
CONCLUSION
Behavioural activities are often used as indicators of welfare.
We can use behavioural indicators to recognise whether the
livestock is in poor or good state of welfare.

Monitoring behavioural activities of livestock can be helpful


to livestock producers by identifying the problems and further
implementation of potential solutions for better livestock
management and welfare.

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