CURRICULUM

BS IN PHYSICS
(Four Years Program)
w.e.f. Fall Semester, 2019

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
SARGODHA, PAKISTAN

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 ACADEMIC PROGRAMME BEING OFFERED
AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

BS PHYSICS PROGRAMME:
Program Duration: 4 Years (8 Semesters)
Teaching System: Semester System
Start of Session: Fall Semester, 2019
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Semester-I
PHYS-5101 Mechanics-I 4(3-1)
PHYS-5102 Waves and Oscillations 3(3-0)
MATH-5120 Applications of Differentials 3(3-0)
URCE-5191 English-I 3(3-0)
URCP-5196 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)
Total 15
Semester-II
PHYS-5103 Mechanics-II 4(3-1)
PHYS-5104 Electricity and Magnetism-I 3(3-0)
MATH-5121 Techniques of Integration 3(3-0)
URCE-5192 English-II 3(3-0)
URCI-5195 Islamic Studies 2(2-0)
Total 15
Semester-III
PHYS-5105 Electricity and Magnetism-II 3(3-0)
PHYS-5106 Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics 3(3-0)
PHYS-5107 Physics Lab-I 3(0-3)
MATH-5122 Calculus 3(3-0)
MATH-5123 Ordinary Differentials Equations 3(3-0)
URCE-5193 English-III 3(3-0)
Total 18
Semester-IV
PHYS-5108 Basics of Electronics and Nuclear Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-5109 Theory of Thermodynamics 3(3-0)
PHYS-5110 Physics Lab-II 3(0-3)
MATH-5124 Vectors and Tensors Analysis 3(3-0)
MATH-5125 Linear Algebra 3(3-0)
STAT-5125 Theory of Error Analysis 3(3-0)
Total 18

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Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Semester-V
PHYS-6111 Methods of Mathematical Physics-I 3(3-0)
PHYS-6112 Classical Mechanics-I 3(3-0)
PHYS-6113 Electrodynamics-I 3(3-0)
PHYS-6114 Electronics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6115 Electronics Lab 3(3-0)
Total 15
Semester-VI
PHYS-6116 Methods of Mathematical Physics-II 3(3-0)
PHYS-6117 Classical Mechanics–II 3(3-0)
PHYS-6118 Electrodynamics-II 3(3-0)
PHYS-6119 Quantum Mechanics-I 3(3-0)
PHYS-6120 Solid State Physics-I 3(3-0)
PHYS-6121 Modern Physics Lab 3(0-3)
Total 18
Semester-VII
PHYS-6122 Statistical Mechanics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6123 Atomic Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6124 Plasma Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6125 Quantum Mechanics-II 3(3-0)
PHYS-6126 Solid State Physics-II 3(3-0)
PHYS-61xx Optional Coursea/Thesisb 3(3-0)
Total 18
Semester-VIII
PHYS-6127 Computational Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6128 Laser Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6129 Relativity and Cosmology 3(3-0)
PHYS-6130 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-61xx Optional Coursea/Projectc 3(3-0)
Total 15
Total Credit Hours: 132

Optional Coursesa
PHYS-6131 Advanced Electronics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6132 Physical and Geometrical Optics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6133 Physics of Nanotechnologies 3(3-0)
PHYS-6134 Methods of Experimental Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6135 Advanced Electronics LABd 3(0-3)
PHYS-6136 Introduction to Quantum Computing 3(3-0)
PHYS-6137 Particle Physics 3(3-0)
PHYS-6138 Projectc 3(3-0)

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(a) Student may take two optional courses (Optional course-I in Semester VII and Optional
course-II in Semester VIII) from courses offered at the department.
(b) A Thesis of 06 Cr Hrs can be opted if offered at the department.
(c) A Project of 03 credit hours can also be opted in the 8th semester.
(d) Advanced Electronics LAB can be opted only if Advanced Electronics is taken.

COURSE OUTLINE
Semester-I

PHYS-5101 Mechanics-I______ Cr.H-4(3-1)

Units and Dimensions, Review of vectors, Motion in one/two/three dimensions, Newtonian

mechanics, Friction, Drag force, Work and kinetic/potential energy, Linear momentum,
Conservation of momentum/energy, Power, System of particles, Collisions in one/two
dimensions, Systems with variable mass.
Mechanics Lab-I
 Modulus of Rigidity by Static & Dynamic method (Maxwell’s needle, Barton’s
Apparatus).
 To determine the value of “g” by compound pendulum/Kater’s Pendulum.
 To study the conservation of energy (Hook’s law).
 To determine elastic constants by spiral springs.
 To study the laws of vibration of stretched string using sonometer.

Recommended Books:
th
1. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, Physics, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 5 ed. 2007.
2. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamental of Physics, Extended. John Wiley & Sons Inc,
th
8 ed. 2008.
3. Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s University Physics, Pearson Education
Inc, 11th 2006
nd
4. Giancoli, Physics for Scientist and Engineers with Modern Physics, 2 ed. Prentice Hall
Inc. 1988.

PHYS-5102 Waves and Oscillations Cr.H-3(3-0)

Prerequisite: Intermediate level knowledge of optics and waves mechanics.

S.H.M & its applications, Energy consideration in SHM, SHM & uniform circular motion,
combinations of Harmonic motion, Damped harmonic oscillator, Forced Oscillation, Driven
harmonic oscillator, Resonance, Mechanical Waves, Traveling waves, wave speed , linear
wave equation, Power & intensity in wave motion, Principle of superposition, standing
waves, Interference of waves, Beats, Doppler effect & its applications, Supersonic and Shock
waves, Nature of light , Measurement of speed of light by Roemer’s and Fizeau’s methods ,
Reflection, Refraction, Huygens’s principle and its applications to reflection and refraction ,
Fermat’s principle, Conditions for interference, Young’s double slit experiment, Intensity
distribution in double slit interference pattern, adding waves using phasor, interference from

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thin film, Introduction to diffraction pattern, Single slit diffraction pattern, Intensity in single
slit diffraction pattern using phasor, diffraction at circular aperture, diffraction grating, x-ray
Diffraction, Polarization by selective absorption, Reflection, Double Refraction, scattering &
optical activity.

Recommended Books:
1. Physics Vol. I & II by Resnick, Halliday and Krane 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York, 2002.
2. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 10th extended Edition,
John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2010.
3. University Physics, 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.
4. Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (M.A), USA, 1999.
5. Physics for scientist and engineers by Serway and Jewelt, 6th Edition, Thomson
Brooks/cole, 2004.

MATH-5120 Applications of Differentials Cr.H-3(3-0)

1. Limits: Limit of a Function

2. Infinite Limits, The Squeeze Theorem, The Sum Law
3. Continuity
4. The Intermediate Value Theorem, Horizontal Asymptotes
5. Derivatives and Rates of Change
6. Derivatives as a Function, Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential Functions
7. Power Rule, The Product and Quotient Rules
8. Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
9. The Chain Rule, Implicit Differentiation, Exponential Growth and Decay
10. Hyperbolic Functions. Applications of Differentiations
11. The Extreme Value Theorem
12. The Mean Value Theorem, Concavity Test
13. Indeterminate Forms and L’Hospital Rule
14. Curve Sketching
15. Optimization Problems
Recommended Books
1. Stewart, J., Calculus Early Transcendentals, 7th ed. (Brooks/Cole, 2011).
2. Anton, H., Calculus; A New Horizon, 7th ed. (John Wiley, 2001).
Suggested Books
1. Thomas, G. B., Calculus,12th ed. (Pearson Edition, India, 2015).

URCE-5191 English-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introductory/compulsory foundation course

The course aims at developing grammatical competence of the learners to use grammatical
structures in context in order to make the experience of learning English more meaningful.
The objectives of the course are to (i) reinforce the basics of grammar (ii) understand the
basic meaningful units of language (iii) introduce the functional aspect of grammatical
categoriesand (iv) comprehend language use.
1. Parts of Speech
a. Types and uses of nouns

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 b. Types and uses of pronouns
c. Types and uses of verbs
i. Finite verbs (action, modal, helping, transitive n intransitive)
ii. Non-finite verbs (infinitives, participles, gerunds)
d. Types and uses of adverbs
e. Types and uses of adjectives
f. Types and uses of prepositions
g. Types and uses of conjunctions
h. Use of article
2. Common grammatical errors and their corrections
3. Sentence structure
4. Types and functions of sentences
5. Types and functions of phrases
6. Types and functions of clauses
7. Synthesis of sentences
8. Conditional sentences
9. Voice and change of voice
10. Direct and indirect narration
11. Punctuation
Pre-requisite: Nil
Recommended Books
1. Eastwood, J. (1999). A Basic English Grammar (3rd ed). OUP
2. Eastwood, J. (2002). Oxford Guide to English Grammar. OUP
Suggested Readings
1. Richards, V. T. & Eston, E. E. (2007). Analysing the Grammar of English (3rd ed).
Georgetown University Press
2. Azar, B. S. (2016). Understanding and Using English Grammar (5th ed). Pearson.
3. Swan, M. (2016). Practical English Usage (4th ed). Oxford University Press.
4. Thomson, A. J., & Martinet, A. V. (1986). A Practical English Grammar. OUP.
5. Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., Finegan, E., & Quirk, R. (1999). Longman
Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Vol. 2). MIT Press.
6. Hunston, S., & Francis, G. (2000). Pattern Grammar: A corpus-driven approach to the
lexical grammar of English (Vol. 4). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

URCP-5196 Pakistan Studies Cr.H-2(2-0)

Introductory/compulsory foundation course

The course is designed to acquaint the students of BS programs with the rationale of the creation of
Pakistan. The students would be apprised of the emergence, growth and developments of Muslim
nationalism in South Asia and the struggle for freedom, which ultimately led to the establishment of
Pakistan. While highlighting the main objectives of national life, the course explains further the socio-
economic, political and cultural aspects of Pakistan’s endeavors to develop and progress in the
contemporary world. For this purpose, the foreign policy objectives and Pakistan’s foreign relations
with neighboring and other allied countries are also included.
This curriculum has been developed to help students analyze the socio-political problems of Pakistan
while highlighting various phases of its history before and after the partition and to develop a vision in
them to become knowledgeable citizens of their homeland.
1. Introduction to the Course
2. Geography of Pakistan: Geo-Strategic Importance of Pakistan

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 3. Freedom Movement and Pakistan Movement
4. Nationalism in South Asia and Two Nations Theory
5. Ideology of Pakistan
6. Initial Problems of Pakistan
7. Political and Constitutional Developments in Pakistan
8. Economy of Pakistan
9. Society and Culture of Pakistan
10. Foreign Policy Objectives of Pakistan
11. Current and Contemporary Issues of Pakistan
12. Human Rights: Issues of Human Rights in Pakistan
Pre-Requisite: Nil
Recommended Books
1. Kazimi, M. R. A Concise History of Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
2. Sheikh, Javed Ahmed. Pakistan’s Political, Economic and Diplomatic Dynamics. Lahore:
Kitabistan Paper Products, 2004.
Suggested Books
1. Hayat, Sikandar. Aspects of Pakistan Movement. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical
and Cultural Research, 2016.
2. Kazimi, M. R. A Concise History of Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
3. Sheikh, Javed Ahmed. Pakistan’s Political, Economic and Diplomatic Dynamics. Lahore:
Kitabistan Paper Products, 2004.
4. Talbot, Ian. Pakistan: A Modern History. London: Hurst and Company, 1998.

Semester-II

PHYS-5103 Mechanics- II Cr.H-4(3-1)

Perquisite: Mechanics – I.

Rotational dynamics, Moment of inertia, Principles of parallel and perpendicular axis

theorem, Determination of moment of inertia of various shapes, Rotational dynamics of rigid
bodies and its effect on the application of torque, Angular momentum and its conservation,
Effect of torque on the angular momentum, Measurement of gravitational constant, Free fall
acceleration and Gravitational force, Gravitational effect of spherical mass distribution, The
motion of planets and Kepler laws in detail, Motion of satellite and its energy consideration
in planetary and satellite motion, Bulk properties of matter, Fluid statistics, Fluid dynamics,
Inertial and non-inertial frames of references, Theory of relativity, Postulates of special
theory of relativity, Galilean transformation equations, Lorenz transformation and its
consequences, Transformation of velocities, Variation of mass with velocity, mass energy
relation and its importance, Relativistic energy and momentum, General theory of relativity.
Mechanics Lab-II
 Surface tension of water by capillary tube method.
 Determination of moment of inertia of a solid/hollow cylinder and a sphere etc.
 To determine Horizontal/Vertical distance by Sextant.
 To determine wavelength of light by diffraction grating.
 Measurement of the rotation of plane of polarization.

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Recommended Books:
1. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5 th Ed.
(2007).
2. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
3. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).
4. Physics for Scientist and Engineers by Giancoli, Prentice Hall Inc., 5th Ed. (2007).
5. Physics for scientist and engineers by Serway and Jewelt, 6th Edition, Thomson
Brooks/cole, 2004.

PHYS-5104 Electricity and Magnetism-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Electric charge (properties/quantization/conservation), Coulombs law in free space, Electric

field due to discrete/continuous charges distributions, Electric dipole, Electric flux, Gauss’s
law and its applications, Electric potential due to discrete/continuous charges distributions,
Work and Electric potential energy, Capacitors and capacitance, Capacitance for various
geometries, Capacitance with Dielectrics, Electric Current, current density, Resistance and
resistivity, Microscopic and macroscopic forms of Ohm’s Law, Energy transfer in electric
circuit, Power in electric circuits, Calculating current in a single loop and multiple loop by
using Kirchhoff laws, Circuit analysis, Growth and decay of current in RC-circuits and its
analytical treatment.

Recommended Books:
1. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5th Ed.
(2003).
2. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
3. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).
4. Physics for Scientist and Engineers by Giancoli, Prentice Hall Inc., 4th Ed. (2007).
5. Field and Wave Electromagnetic by David K. Cheng, Addison-Wesley, (1989).

MATH-5121 Techniques of Integration Cr.H-3(3-0)

1. Integrals: Area between curves

2. Volumes, Work, Average Value of a Function
3. Techniques of Integration: Integration by parts
4. Trigonometric Integrals
5. Trigonometric Substitution
6. Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Fraction
7. Approximate Integration
8. Improper Integration
9. Further Applications of Integration: Arc Length
10. Area of a Surface of Revolution
11. Applications
Recommended Books

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 1. Stewart, J., Calculus Early Transcendentals, 7th ed. (Brooks/Cole, 2011).
2. Anton, H., Calculus; A New Horizon, 7th ed. (John Wiley, 2001).
Suggested Books
1. Thomas, G. B., Calculus,12th ed. (Pearson Edition, India, 2015).

URCE-5192 English-II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introductory / compulsory foundation course

The course aims at developing linguistic competence by focusing on basic language skills in
integration to make the use of language in context. The course objectives are to enhance
students’ language skill management capacity, comprehend text(s) in context, respond to
language in context and write structured response(s).
Listening Skills
1. Recognizing different phonemes
2. Recognizing syllables
3. Listening to isolated sentences
4. Listening to small speech extracts
5. Managing listening (attending, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding)
6. Barriers to listening and their remedies
7. Expressing opinions (debating current events)
8. Oral synthesis of thoughts and ideas
Pronunciation Skills
1. Pronouncing English phonemes
2. Recognizing phonemic symbols
3. Pronouncing words correctly
4. Understanding and practicing stress patterns
5. Practicing intonation patterns in simple sentences
6. Conflict resolution through panel discussion
Comprehension Skills
1. Reading strategies
2. Critical Reading (SQ3R Method)
3. Summarizing
4. Sequencing
5. Inferencing
6. Comparing and contrasting
7. Drawing conclusions
8. Self-questioning
9. Relating background knowledge
10. Distinguishing between fact and opinion
11. Finding the main idea, important facts, and supporting details
12. Comprehending text organization patterns
13. Investigating implied ideas in a text
14. Purpose and tone of the text
Presentation Skills
1. Features of good presentations
2. Different types of presentations
3. Different patterns of introducing a presentation

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 4. Organizing arguments in a presentation
5. Tactics of maintaining interest of the audience
6. Concluding a presentation
7. Giving suggestions and recommendations while ending of a presentation
8. Dealing with the questions of audience
9. Listening to recorded presentations
Pre-Requisite: Nil
Recommended Books
1. Worthington, D. Fitch-Hauser, M. (2018). Listening: Processes, Functions, and
Competency (2nd ed). Routledge.
2. Siddons, S. (2008). The Complete Presentation Handbook. Kogan Page Ltd
3. Mikulecky, B. S. & Jeffry, L.(2007). Advanced Reading Power: extensive reading,
vocabulary building, comprehension skills, reading faster. Pearson
4. Hancock, M. (2012). English Pronunciation in Use(2nd ed). Cambridge
Suggested Books
1. Mandel, S. (2000). Effective Presentation Skills. Thomson Learning
2. Reading Comprehension Skills and Strategies. (2002). The Edge
3. Dorothy, E.Z. & Rumisek, L.A. (2003). College Writing: from Paragraph to Essay.
McMillan
4. Helgesen, M., Brown, S., & Brown, S. (1994). Active listening: Building skills for
understanding. Cambridge University Press.
5. Opitz, M. F., & Zbaracki, M. D. (2004). Listen hear!: 25 effective listening
comprehension strategies. Heinemann Educational Books.
6. Liang, L. A., & Galda, L. (2009). Responding and comprehending: Reading with
delight and understanding. The Reading Teacher, 63(4), 330-333.
7. Hughes, S., & Harwood, N. (2010). Materials to develop the speaking skill. English
language teaching materials: Theory and practice, 207-224.

URCI-5195 Islamic Studies Cr.H-2(2-0)

Introductory/compulsory foundation course

Islamic Studies engages in the study of Islam as a textual tradition inscribed in the fundamental
sources of Islam; Qur’an and Hadith, history and particular cultural contexts. The area seeks to
provide an introduction to and a specialization in Islam through a large variety of expressions
(literary, poetic, social, and political) and through a variety of methods (literary criticism,
hermeneutics, history, sociology, and anthropology). It offers opportunities to get fully introductory
foundational bases of Islam in fields that include Qur’anic studies, Hadith and Seerah of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH), Islamic philosophy, and Islamic law, culture and theology through the textual
study of Qir’an and Sunnah..
 To make students understand the relevance and pragmatic significance of Islam in their lives.
 To make learners comprehend the true spirit of Islam with reference to modern world.
 To generate a sense of Islamic principles as a code of living that guarantee the effective
solutions to the current challenges of being.
 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and religious
life.

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Contents
Introduction to Qur’anic Studies
1) Basic Concepts of Qur’an
2) History of Quran
3) Uloom-ul-Quran
‫ سورۃ الصف‬،‫ سورۃ االوعام‬،‫ سورۃ المومىون‬،‫ سورۃ الفزقان‬،‫ سورۃ الحدزات‬،‫ سورۃ البقزي‬،‫مطالعہ قزآن(تعارف قزآن‬ .1
)‫تزخمہ و تفسیز‬
Introduction to Sunnah
1) Basic Concepts of Hadith
2) History of Hadith
3) Kinds of Hadith
4) Uloom –ul-Hadith
5) Sunnah & Hadith
6) Legal Position of Sunnah
Selected Study from Text of Hadith
)‫معالعہ حذیث(مته حذیث تزخمہ و تشزیح‬ .2
‫سیزت الىبی‬ .3
‫اخالقیتعلیمات‬،‫خطبہحدۃالوداع‬،‫میثاقمذیىہ‬،‫اقامتذیه‬،‫تعمیزسیزتوشخصیتکاوبویمىہاج‬،‫ﷺ(مطالعہسیزتکیضزورتواہمیت‬
)
Islamic Culture & Civilization
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
2) Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
3) Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
4) Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues
‫معاشزتی‬، ‫ علمی‬، ‫ اسالمی تہذیب کے فکزی‬،‫ خصوصیات‬،‫اسالمی تہذیب و تمذن(اسالمی تہذیب کے ارکان و بىیادیں‬ .4
) ‫تہذیبی تصادم کے اثزات و وتائح‬،‫ عصزی تہذیبی کشمکش اور اسالمی تہذیب‬،‫اور سماخی اثزات‬

Pre-Requisite: Nil
Recommended Books
1) Hameed ullah Muhammad, ―Emergence of Islam‖ , IRI, Islamabad
2) Hameed ullah Muhammad, ―Muslim Conduct of State
3) Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‗Introduction to Islam
4) Ahmad Hasan, ―Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence‖ Islamic Research, Institute,
International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
5) Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, ―Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia‖ Allama Iqbal Open
University, Islamabad (2001)

Semester-III

PHYS-5105 Electricity and Magnetism-II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Magnetic field, Magnetic forces on a single point charge/current carrying conductor, Torque
on a current carrying loop and magnetic dipole, Biot & Savart Law and its analytical
treatment and application, Ampers law and its applications, Electromagnetic induction and its
laws, Inductance, Inductance for various configurations, LR circuits, Growth and decay of
current in RL circuits, Electromagnetic Oscillation (Qualitative and Quantative analysis using
differential equations), Forced electromagnetic oscillations and resonance, Alternating
current circuits, Single loop RLC circuits (series and parallel), Power in AC circuits and
phase angles, Maxwell's equations (integral/differential forms), Electromagnetic waves,
Poynting vector. Magnetic properties of materials.

Recommended Books:
1. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5 th Ed.

11
 (2003).
2. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
3. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).
4. Physics for Scientist and Engineers by Giancoli, Prentice Hall Inc., 4th Ed. (2007).
5. Field and Wave Electromagnetic by David K. Cheng, Addison-Wesley, (1989).

PHYS-5106 Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Particle-like Properties of Electromagnetic Radiations: Black Body Radiation, Plank’s

Radiation Law and Quantum of Energy, Derivation of Stefan’s Law and Wien’s
Displacement Law from Planck’s Radiation Law, Quantization of Energy, Light Quantization
and Photoelectric Effect. The Compton Effect. Wave-like Properties of Particles: Wave
Nature of Matter and De-Broglie Hypothesis and its Experimental Verification, Wave Packet
and its Localizations in Space and Time, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and its
Applications. Bohr Model of the Atom: Hydrogen Spectrum, Bohr Theory of Atomic
Structure, Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom, Bohr Correspondence Principle,
Experimental Evidence for Quantization and Determination of Critical Potential (Frank-Hertz
Experiment), Deficiencies of the Bohr Model Characteristics of Vector Atomic Model (Space
Quantization, Angular Momenta and Magnetic Momenta), Orbital Angular Momentum.
Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Mechanics and its Postulates, Quantum Operators and their
Properties, Eigen Value and Eigen Functions, Schrödinger Wave Equation (Time Dependent
and Time Independent), Application of Time Independent Schrödinger Wave Equation,
Probability Density using the Wave Function of the State,

Recommended Books:
1. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5 th Ed.
(2003).
2. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
3. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).
4. Physics by M. Alonso and E. J. Finn: Addison-Wesley, USA, (1999).
5. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, USA,
(2003).

PHYS-5107 Physics LAB-I Cr.H-3(0-3)

The following experiments are recommended for BS Physics LAB-I. Minimum number of
experiments to be performed is six (06) from each lab. Teachers are requested to emphasize
on graphical analysis, error calculation and on system of S.I. units in the beginning of
session.

 To determine the stopping potential by photo cell.

 Measurement of resistance using a Neon flash bulb and condenser
 Conversion of a galvanometer into Voltmeter & an Ammeter
 To determine the self inductance of given coil.

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  To determine the mutual inductance b/w two coils.
 To determine frequency of AC supply by CRO.
 Determination of range of radioactive rays (α, β, γ) using G.M tube.
 Measurement of low resistance coil by a Carey Foster Bridge.

MATH-5122 Calculus_____________________ Cr.H-3(3-0)

1. Parametric Equations: Curves defined by Parametric Equations

2. Calculus with Parametric Curves
3. Polar Coordinates: Introduction
4. Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates
5. Conic Sections, Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates
6. Infinite Sequence and Series: Sequences, Series
7. The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums
8. The Comparison Tests, Alternating Series
9. Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Test
10. Strategy for Testing Series, Power Series
11. Functions as Power Series
12. Taylor and Maclaurin Series.
Recommended Books
1. Stewart, J., Calculus Early Transcendentals, 7th ed. (Brooks/Cole, 2011).
2. Anton, H., Calculus; A New Horizon, 7th ed. (John Wiley, 2001).
Suggested Books
1. Thomas, G. B., Calculus,12th ed. (Pearson Edition, India, 2015).

MATH-5123 Ordinary Differential Equations Cr.H-3(3-0)

1 Introduction to differential equations: preliminaries and classification of differential
equations
2 Verification of solution, existence of unique solutions
3 Introduction to initial value problems
4 Differential equations as mathematical models
5 First order ordinary differential equations: Basic concepts, formation and solution of
differential equations
6 Separable equations, Linear equations , integrating factors, Exact Equations
7 Solution of some nonlinear first order DEs by substitution, Homogeneous Equations,
Bernoulli equation, Ricaati’s equation and Clairaut equation
8 Modeling with first-order ODEs: Linear models, Nonlinear models
9 Higher order differential equations: Initial value and boundary value problems,
Homogeneous and Non homogeneous linear DEs and their solutions,Linear dependence
and independence, Wronskian
10 Reduction of order, homogeneous equations with constant coefficients
11 Nonhomogeneous equations, undetermined coefficients method, Superposition principle,
Annihilator approach, variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation
12 Solving system of linear DEs by elimination, solution of nonlinear DEs
13 Series Solutions: Power series, ordinary and singular points, Existence of power series
solutions

13
14 Solutions about singular points, types of singular points, Frobenius theorem, Existence of
Frobenius series solutions,
15 Special functions, The Bessel, Modified Bessel, Legendre and Hermite equations and
their solutions.
16 Sturm-Liouville problems: Introduction to eigen value problem, adjoint and self adjoint
operators
17 Self adjoint differential equations, eigen values and eigen functions, Sturm-Liouville (S-
L) boundary value problems, regular and singular S-L problems, properties of regular S-L
problems
Recommended Books
1. Zill, D.G., and Michael, R., Differential equations with boundary-value problems by
Cullin, 5th ed. (Brooks/Cole, 1997).
2. Boyce, W.E. and Diprima,R.C. Elementary differential equations and boundary value
problems, 7th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Suggested Books
1. Arnold, V.I., Ordinary Differential Equations, (Springer, 1991)
2. Apostol, T., Multi Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra, 2nd ed. (John Wiley and sons, 1997).

URCE-5193 English-III Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introductory/compulsory foundation course

The course aims at providing understanding of writer’s goal of writing and to use that
understanding and awareness for academic reading and writing. The course objectives are to:
 Learn academic writing skills
 Acquire argumentative writing techniques
 Understand referencing the sources
 Learn the technical aspects of referencing
Contents:
 Academic vocabulary
 Quoting, summarizing and paraphrasing texts
 Process of academic writing
 Rhetoric: Persuasion and identification
 Elements of Rhetoric: Text, author, audience, purposes, setting
 Sentence structure: Accuracy, variation, appropriateness, and conciseness
 Sentence Skills (choice of verbs, passive structures and nominalisations)
 Appropriate use of active and passive voice
 Types of writing
o Persuasive
o Argumentative
o Analytical
o Comparing and contrasting
o Explaining cause and effect
o Commentaries, and opinion pieces
o Personal Profiles
 Paragraph and Essay Writing
o Organization and structure of paragraph and essay
o Logical reasoning

14
 o Transitional devices (word, phrase and expressions)
o Development of ideas in writing
 Letters
o Of Invitation
o Of Regrets
o Of Sales/persuasive letters
 Official Writing
o Joining/leaving reports
o Notifications
o Meeting notices
o Minutes of meeting
 Technical and Scientific Reports
o Styles of documentation (MLA and APA)
o In-text citations
o Plagiarism and strategies for avoiding it
 Issues in scientific writing (plagiarism, authorship, ghostwriting, reproducible
research)
1. How to do a peer review; and how to communicate with the lay public
Pre-Requisite: Nil
Recommended Books
1. Brannan, B. (2003).A Writer’s Workshop: Crafting paragraph, building essays. New York:
McGraw Hill
2. Wong, L. (2002). Paragraph Essentials: A writing guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Suggested Books
1. McCarthy, M. & O’Dell, F. (2016). Academic Vocabulary in Use(2nd ed). Cambridge
2. Aristotle. (2007). On Rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse (2nd ed). New York: OUP.
3. Bailey, S. (2014). Academic Writing: A handbook for international students. Routledge.
4. Bovee, C.L. et.al (2002).Business Communication Today. India: Pearson Education
5. Burton, S. H. (2000). Mastering Practical Writing. NBF
6. Canagarajah, A. S. (2013). Critical Academic Writing and Multilingual Students. University
of Michigan Press.
7. Johnson-Sheehan, R and Charles P. (2010). Writing Today. New York: Pearson.
8. Kennedy, X. J., Kennedy, M. D. & Holladay, S. A. (1999). The Bedford Guide for College
Writer. Bedford: St. Martin’s
9. Maimon, E. P. & Peritz, J. H.(2003). A Writer’s Resource: A handbook for writing and
research. NY: McGraw Hill
10. Silvia, P. J. (2007). How to Write a lot: A practical guide to productive academic writing.
American Psychological Association.
11. Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2004). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential tasks
and skills (Vol. 1). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Semester-IV

PHYS-5108 Basics of Electronics and Nuclear Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Basic Electronics: Energy Bands in Solids, P-type and N-type Semiconductor Materials, P-N
Junction (diode Structure), Characteristics and Application as Rectifiers, Transistor (basic
Structure and Operation), Characteristics of Transistors, Load Line of a Transistor,

15
Applications of a Transistor, Logic Gates and their basic Applications. Nuclear Structure and
Radioactivity: Nuclear Structure and the Basic Properties of the Nucleus (Nuclear Size,
Binding Energy, Angular Momentum of the Nucleus, Magnetic Moment and parity) Meson
Theory of Nuclear Force. Radioactivity and Laws of Radioactive Decay, Conservation Laws
in Radioactive Decays. Radioactive Isotopes and Carbon Dating. Nuclear Reactions: Types
of Nuclear Reactions and their Q-values, The Compound Nucleus, Nuclear Fission and
Fusion Applications of Nuclear Physics.

Recommended Books:
1. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5 th Ed.
(2003).
2. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
3. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).
4. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, USA,
(2003).
5. Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry by J. E. House, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Academic
Press, USA, (2004).
6. Physics by M. Alonso and E. J. Finn: Addison-Wesley, USA, (1999).
7. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory By Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,
Prentice Hall, (2002).
8. Principles of Electric Circuits By T.L Floyd, Pearson Prentice Hall, (2007).
9. Electronic Devices by T.L. Floyd, Merril Publishing Company Columbus (1988).
10. Electronic Principles by A.P. Malvino, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1988).
11. Electronic Devices & Circuits by D.B. Bell, Reston Publishing Company Inc.,
Virginia (1980).
12. Electronic; Design Circuit & Systems by C.J. Savant Jr. M.S. Roden, G.L. Carpenter,
The Bengamin/Cummings Publishing Co. California (1991).

PHYS-5109 ____Theory of Thermodynamics ____ Cr.H-3(3-0)

Kinetic Theory of Gases. Derivation of Fundamental Equation of Kinetic Theory of

Gases, Maxwell Distribution of Molecular Speeds and Energies, Modification of Kinetic
Theory for Real Gas, The Van der Waals Equation, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and
Thermal Equilibrium, Definition and Formulation of the First Law of Thermodynamics,
Calculation of Work Done, Consequences of the First Law of Thermodynamics,
Definition & Measurement of Enthalpy, The Joule-Thomson Experiment, Carnot Cycle
and Efficiency Measurements, Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Concept of
Entropy, Entropy and Entropy Measurements for Reversible and Irreversible Process.
Combined First and Second law of Thermodynamics, Entropy Changes in the Ideal
Gases, The Third Law of Thermodynamics and its Uses, Definition & Mathematical
Expressions of Free Energy, Helmoltz Energy and Gibbs Energy, The Maxwell
Relationship, Transfer of Heat, Distribution and Mean Values, Mean Free Path and
Microscopic Calculations of Mean Free Path, Brownian Motion. Introduction to
Thermoelectricity, Thermocouple, Seebeck effect, Peltier effect.

Recommended Books:

16
 1. Fundamental of Classical and Statistical thermodynamics Bimalendu N. Roy Wiley &
Sons Inc.,
2. Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 5th Ed.
(2003).
3. Fundamental of Physics by D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Extended. John
Wiley & Sons Inc., (2008).
4. University Physics by Young, Freedman and Ford, Seers and Zemansky’s Pearson
Education Inc., (2008).

PHYS-5110 Physics LAB-II Cr.H-3(0-3)

The following experiments are recommended for BS Physics LAB-I. Minimum number of
experiments to be performed is six (06) from each lab. Teachers are requested to emphasize
on graphical analysis, error calculation and on system of S.I. units in the beginning of
session.
 Resonance frequency of an acceptor circuit
 Resonance frequency of a Rejecter Circuit.
 Determination of ionization potential of mercury.
 Characteristics of a semiconductor diode (Compare Si with Ge diode)
 Setting up of half & full wave rectifier & study of following factors
 To setup a single stage amplifier and measure its voltage gain.
 To set up and study various logic gates (AND, OR, NAND etc) using diode and to
develop their truth tables.
 To determine static characteristics of a transistor.

MATH-5124 Vectors and Tensors Analysis____ Cr.H-3(3-0)

1. Vector Analysis: Gradient

2. Divergence and curl of point functions
3. Expansion formulae
4. Curvilinear coordinates, line, surface and volume integrals
5. Gauss’s, Green’s and Stoke’s theorems
6. Cartesian Tensors: Summation convention
7. Proper and improper transformation
8. Transformation equations
9. Orthogonally conditions
10. Kronecker tensor and Levi-civita tensor
11. Tensors of different ranks
12. Inner and outer products
13. Contraction
14. Quotient theorems
15. Symmetric and anti symmetric tensors
16. Application to Vector Analysis
Recommended Books
1. Shah,N. A.,Vector and Tenser Analysis, (2015).
2. Spiegel,M.R.,Vector and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis, (McGraw Hill, 2016).
Suggested Books
1. Young,E.C.,Vector and Tensor Analysis, (Mareel Dekker, Inc, 1993).

17
2. Chorlton,F.,Vector and Tensor Methods, (Eills Horwood Publisher, Chichester, U.K. 1977).
MATH-5125 Linear Algebra________________ Cr.H-3(3-0)

This course aims to provide a first approach to the subject of linear algebra, which is one of the basic
pillars of modern mathematics.
Contents
1 Subspaces
2 Bases
3 Dimension of a vector space
4 Quotient space
5 Change of bases
6 Linear Transformation and matrices
7 Inner Product Spaces and Orthognality
8 Orthogonal subspaces
9 Rank and Nullity of linear transformation
10 Eigen values and Eigen vectors
11 Characteristic equation
12 Similar matrices
13 Diagonalization of matrices
14 Orthogonal and Orthonormal set
15 Gramm Schmidt process of orthognalizations
16 Characteristic equation
17 Dual spaces.
Recommended Books
1 Herstein, I. N., Topics in Algebra, (Xerox Publishing Company, 1975).
2 Malik, J. N., Mordeson, M. R. S., Fundamental of Abstract Algebra, (McGraw Hill companies,
Inc. 1987).
Suggested Books
1. Burton, D., Abstract and Linear Algebra, (Addison-Wesley, 1986).
2. Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra, Vol.II, (Freeman, 1989).
3. Hussain, K., Linear Algebra, 1st ed., (Karwan Book House, Lhr., 2007).

STAT-5125 Theory of Error Analysis _______ Cr.H-3(3-0)

Preliminary Description of Error Analysis, How to Report and Use Uncertainties,

Discrepancy, Comparison of Measured and Accepted Values, Comparison of Two Measured
Numbers, Checking Relationships with a Graph, Significant Figures and Fractional
Uncertainties, Multiplying Two Measured Numbers, Propagation of Uncertainties, The
Square-Root Rule, Independent Uncertainties in a Sum, Arbitrary Functions of One Variable,
General Formula for Error Propagation, Statistical Analysis of Random Uncertainties,
Random and Systematic Errors, The Mean and Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation of the
Mean, probability concepts, Probabilities in Dice Throwing, The Normal Distribution and its
properties , Binomial Distribution and its Properties, The Poisson Distribution and its
Properties, The Chi-Squared Test for a Distribution, Degrees of Freedom and Reduced Chi
Squared, Probabilities for Chi Squared, Limiting Distributions, Justification of the Mean as
Best Estimate, Justification of Addition in Quadrature, , Acceptability of a Measured Answer,
Rejection of Data, Chauvenet's Criterion, Weighted Averages, Covariance and Correlation,
Covariance in Error Propagation, Coefficient of Linear Correlation, Least-Squares Fitting,

18
Calculation of the Constants A and В and their uncertainty, Least-Squares Fits to Other
Curves.
Recommended Books:
1. Measurements and their Uncertainties: A practical guide to modern error analysis by
Ifan Hughes and Thomas Hase , Oxford University Press; 1 edition, 2010,
2. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Physical Science by P. Bevington, McGraw
Hill 3 rd Edition 2003.
3. Probability and statistics in experimental physics by Byron P.Roe, Springer USA,
1992

4. An introduction to Error Analysis by John R.Taylor, University Science Books,

California, 1982.
5. Errors of Observations by J.B.Toping, IOP, 1962.

Semester-V

PHYS-6111 Methods of Mathematical Physics-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Functions of Complex Vairables: Calculys of Residues, Dispersion Relations, Method of
Steepest Descents. Gamma Functions: Diagamma and Polygamma Functions, Stirling’s
Series, Beta Functions, Incomplete Gamma Functions. Strum-Liouville Theory (Orthogonal
Functions): Hermite Operators, Completeness of Eigen Functions, Green’s Functions-Eigen
Function Expansion. Bessel Functions: Bessel Functions of first kind, Orthogonality,
Neumann Functions, Hankel Functions, Modified Bessel Functions, Spherical Bessel
Functions.

Recommended Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by George Arfken and Hans J. Weber, (6th and
onwards editions) Acad Press.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, (2007).
3. Mathematical Physics by E. Butkov, Addison-Wesley London
4. Complex Variables by M.R.Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New
York.
5. Introduction to Mathematical Physics by C.W. Wong, Oxford University, Press, New
York (1991).
6. Foundations of Mathematical Physics by Hassani, Prentice Hall International Inc.,
Singapore (1991).
7. Mathematical Physics by ChattopadhyayWiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, (1990).

PHYS-6112 Classical Mechanics-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Historical background of classical mechanics, Elementary scalar and vector operations,

coordinates transformations and Properties of orthogonal matrix, Vector products and various
vector identities, Velocity and acceleration in various coordinates. Gauss’s theorem and
Stokes theorem, Kinematics of particle motion, The Newtonian formulation of mechanics,
Integration of Newton’s equation of motion, Motion of the body in resistive medium, various
problems involving Newton’s Laws of motion, Conservation theorems, Simple Harmonic
Oscillator, Harmonic Oscillation in two and three dimensions, Damped and forced Oscillator,

19
Physical systems executing SHM, Non linear oscillations, Gravitation and Gravitational
Potential, Poisson’s Equations, Lines of force and Equi-potential surfaces.

Recommended Books:
1. Classical dynamics of particles and systems by S. T. Thorntom, J. B. Marion, 5th.
Edition Harcourt Brace and company (2012).
2. Classical Mechanics by John R. Taylor, University Science Books, USA (2005).
3. Classical Mechanics by Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko, 3rd.
Edition. Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (2001).
4. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, 3rd. Edition. Addison Wesley, Reading,
Massachusetts (2000).
5. Classical Mechanics by Tai L. Chow, John Wiley & Sons (1995).

PHYS-6113 Electrodynamics-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Differential/integral calculus; Orthogonal coordinate systems (cartesian/cylindrical/

spherical); Electrostatics in free space: Electrostatic force/field/potential/energy for discrete
(a single point charge/a collection of point source charges) and continuous
(line/surface/volume) charge distributions, Divergence/curl of E, Electrostatic boundary
conditions (on E, V, and D), Conductors, Capacitors; Boundary value problems: Solutions of
Laplace’s equation for various symmetries (cartesian/ cylindrical/spherical), Method of
Images for various symmetries; Electric monopole/ dipole/quadrupole/octopole etc., Electric
dipole moment for line/surface/volume charge; Electrostatics in matter: Polarization P,
Bound surface/volume charge, Electric displacement D, Gauss’s law for D &
P−differential/integral forms and its uses/applications, Electric
susceptibility/permittivity/relative permittivity; Electric line/surface/volume currentsI/K/J,
Equation of continuity.

Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, by David J. Griffiths, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall,
USA, (1999).
2. Field and Wave Electromagnetics, by David K. Cheng, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley,
USA, (1983).
3. Electromagnetic Fields and Energy, by H. A. Haus and J. R. Melcher, 1st Edition,
Prentice Hall, USA, (1989).
4. Classical Electromagnetic Theory, by Jack Vanderlinde, 2nd Edition, Kluwer
Academic, USA, (2004).
5. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, by Paul Lorrain and Dale R. Corson, 3rd Edition,
W. H. Freeman, USA, (1988).
6. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, by John R. Reitz, Frederick J. Milford, and
Robert W. Christy, 3rd Edition, Narosa, India, (1998).
7. Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals, by Bhag S. Guru and Hüseyin R.
Hiziroğlu, 2nd Edition, Cambridge, UK, (2004).
8. Basic Laws of Electromagnetism, by E. Irodov, 1st Edition, CBS, India, (2001).

PHYS-6114 Electronics Cr.H-3(3-0)

20
Semiconductor Diode And Applications: Semiconductor Diode, Characteristics Curves, DC
& AC resistance, Diode Equivalent circuit, Series and Parallel Diode configuration with DC
load, Rectification, Half and Full wave rectifier circuit with and without filter circuit, Zener
Diode, Light emitting diode. Bipolar Junction Transistor: Transistor and transistor operation,
Transistor Configuratios (CB, CE,CC),Current amplification factors, Load line and Operating
Conditios, DC biasing (voltage divider bias C-E amplifier),Design of voltage divider bias C-
E amplifier, Transistor switching network. Field Effect Transistors: Introduction of FETs,
Construction and basic operation JFET, Characteristics and parameter of JFETs, JFETs
biasing (voltage divider bias), The metal oxide semiconductor FET( MOSFET), MOSFET
parameters and characteristics, Low and High frequency response of FET amplifiers.
Negative Feedback Amplifiers: Negative feedback amplifiers,General characteristics of
Negative feedback amplifiers, Classification of negative feedback amplifiers, voltage series
feedback amplifier. Integrated amplifier: The Differential amplifier (modes of operation,
common mode rejection ratio), Operational Amplifier and its parameters, Op-amp
configuration with negative feedback ,Op-amp applications ( voltage summing, voltage
buffer, voltage comparators), Op- amp as differentiator and integrator. Oscillators: Oscillator
Principles and conditions for oscillation, Oscillator with LC feedback circuits, Transistor RC
phase shift oscillator, Crystal oscillators, UJT relaxation oscillator, Multivibrators, Schmitt
trigger.

Recommended Books:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory By Robert Boylastad and Louis Nashelsky,
Prentice Hall, (2002).
2. Principles of Electric Circuits by T.L Floyd, .E. Merrill Pub. Co, (1981).
3. Integrated Electronics by J. Millman & C.C. Halkias, McGraw Hill, (2008).
4. Electronic Devices by T.L. Floyd, Merril Publishing Company Columbus (1988).
5. Electronic Principles by A.P. Malvino, , Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1988).
6. Electronic Devices & Circuits by D.B. Bell, Reston Publishing Company Inc.,
Virginia (1980).
7. Electronic; Design Circuit & Systems by C.J. Savant Jr. M.S. Roden, G.L. Carpenter,
The Bengamin/Cummings Publishing Co. California (1991).
8. Basic electronics by B. Grob, McGraw-Hill, (2003).

PHYS-6115 Electronics LAB Cr.H-3(0-3)

The following practicals are recommended for Electronics LAB. Minimum number of
practicals to be performed is six.

 To construct from discrete components OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR exclusive OR
Circuits and verify their truth tables.
 Design a fixed and self bias and voltage divider bias transistor To construct a single
stage CE transistor voltage amplifier and study gain, input impedance, output
impedance, and half power points by sine/square wave testing and effect of bias on
the output and measurement of distortion
 To construct and study the wave forms at the base and collector of the transistors of a
free running a multivibarator.To construct and study of the height, duration and time
period of the output pulses in a monostable and Bistabale multivibrators with
reference to the input Trigger
 To study of RC integrators and differentiators.

21
  Design an inverting and non-investing D.C. amplifier, measurement of parameters of
a given IC operational amplifier.
 Design and study the application of operational amplifier (current to voltage
converter, instrumentation amplifier, buffer, voltage clamp, integrator, and
differentiator. Low and high pass filter half-wave rectifier etc.)
 To construct a phase shift or Wein bridge oscillator and measure its frequency by
741,555timer
Recommended Books:
1. Experimental Electronics b y R.J. Higgings (McGraw-Hill).

Semester-VI

PHYS-6116 Methods of Mathematical Physics-II ___ Cr.H-3(3-0)

Legendre Functions: Generating Functinos, Recurrence Relations, Orthogonality, Associated

Legendre Functions, Spherical Harmonics, Orbital Angular Momentum Operators, Legender
Function of the second kind, Laguerre Functions, Hermite Functions, Chebyshev
Polynomials. Fourier Series: Definition and general properties of Fourier series, Uses and
Applications of Fourier Series, Gibbs Phenomenon, Discrete Fourier Transform. Integral
Transforms: Development of Fourier Integral, Fourier Transforms and Inversion Theorem,
Fourier Transforms of Derivatives, Convolution Theorem, Momentum Representation,
Transfer Functions, Laplace Transform and its Application, Inverse Laplace Tranform.

Recommended Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by George Arfken and Hans J. Weber, (6th and
onwards editions) Acad Press.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, (2007).
3. Mathematical Physics by E. Butkov, Addison-Wesley London
4. Complex Variables by M.R.Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New
York.
5. Introduction to Mathematical Physics by C.W. Wong, Oxford University, Press, New
York (1991).
6. Foundations of Mathematical Physics by Hassani, Prentice Hall International Inc.,
Singapore (1991).
7. Mathematical Physics by ChattopadhyayWiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, (1990).

PHYS-6117 Classical Mechanics -II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Limitations of Newtonian mechanics, Some methods in the calculus of variations, Euler’s

equation, The “second form” of Euler’s equation, Generalized co-ordinates and constraints,
D’ Alembert’s principle, Hamilton’s principle, Lagrangian and Lagrange’s equation,
Hamiltonian of dynamical system, Hamilton’s canonical equations, Poisson bracket and their
properties, Central force motion and Two body problem, General solution of problems of
motion in central force field, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, Applications of central force
motion, Orbital Dynamics, Kinematics of system of particles, Collision between particles,
Elastic collision in LAB and CM coordinate system, Rutherford’s scattering formula, Rocket
Motion, Dynamics of rigid body, Inertia tensor and principal axes of inertia, Moment of
inertia for different body coordinate system, Eulerian angles and Euler’s equation of motion
for a rigid body, Motion of a symmetric top.

22
Recommended Books:
1. Classical dynamics of particles and systems by S. T. Thorntom, J. B. Marion, 5th.
Edition Harcourt Brace and company (2012).
2. Classical Mechanics by John R. Taylor, University Science Books, USA (2005).
3. Classical Mechanics by Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko, 3rd.
Edition. Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (2001).
4. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, 3rd. Edition. Addison Wesley, Reading,
Massachusetts (2000).
5. Classical Mechanics by Tai L. Chow, John Wiley & Sons (1995).

PHYS-6118 Electrodynamics-II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Magnetostatics in free space: B for line/surface/volume currents, Divergence/curl of B,

Magnetic vector/scalar potential−A/Vm for line/surface/volume currents, Magnetostatics
boundary conditions (on B, A, and H); Magnetic monopole/dipole/quadrupole etc., Magnetic
dipole moment for line/surface/volume currents; Magnetostatics in matter: Magnetization M,
Bound surface/volume currents, Auxiliary field H, Ampere’s law for H &
Mdifferential/integral forms and its uses/applications, Magnetic
susceptibility/permeability/relative permeability; Electrodynamics: Faraday’s
lawdifferential and integral forms and its uses/applications, Mutual/self inductance,
Magnetic energy for line/surface/volume currents, Poynting’s theorem; Maxwell’s equations
in free space (static/non-static case), Maxwell’s equations in matter; Electromagnetic waves
in free space, Electromagnetic waves in matter.

Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, by David J. Griffiths, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall,
USA, (1999).
2. Field and Wave Electromagnetics, by David K. Cheng, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley,
USA, (1983).
3. Electromagnetic Fields and Energy, by H. A. Haus and J. R. Melcher, 1st Edition,
Prentice Hall, USA, (1989).
4. Classical Electromagnetic Theory, by Jack Vanderlinde, 2nd Edition, Kluwer
Academic, USA, (2004).
5. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, by Paul Lorrain and Dale R. Corson, 3rd Edition,
W. H. Freeman, USA, (1988).
6. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, by John R. Reitz, Frederick J. Milford, and
Robert W. Christy, 3rd Edition, Narosa, India, (1998).
7. Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals, by Bhag S. Guru and Hüseyin R.
Hiziroğlu, 2nd Edition, Cambridge, UK, (2004).
8. Basic Laws of Electromagnetism, by E. Irodov, 1st Edition, CBS, India, (2001).

PHYS-6119 Quantum Mechanics-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Review of Concepts of Classical Mechanics: Historical Review ( Experiments and Theories),

Wave Aspects of Particles, Hilbert Space and Wave Functions: Mathematical tools of
Quantum Mechanics: The linear vector space, The Hilbert space, Dimensions and basis of a
vector space, Square integrable wave functions, Dirac notation, Operators. Basic Postulates

23
of Quantum Mechanics: The state of a system, Observables, Measurement in Quantum
Mechanics, Time Evolution of the System’s State (Time evolution operator, Stationary states:
Time independent potentials), Time evolution of expectation values, Symmetries and
Conservation Laws. General Properties of one Dimensional Schrödinger Equation: symmetric
potentials and parity, Properties of one dimensional motion. Solution of Simple One
Dimensional Systems: The free particle, The step potential, The potential barrier and well,
The infinite square well potential, The finite square well potential and harmonic oscillator.

Recommended Books:
1. 1. Introductory Quantum mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Mass. (1980).
2. 2. QUANTUM MECHANICS: Concepts and Applications by Nouredine Zettili,
JOHN WILEY & SONS (2001) .
3. 3. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. TownsendMcGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore (1992).
4. 4. Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction by W. Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Mass. (1980).
5. 5. Quantum Mechanics, Classical Results, Modern Systems and visualized Examples
by Richard W. Robinett, Oxford University Press (2006).
6. 6. Theory of Quantua by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J. Kaminski, Oxford
University Press, New York (1992).
7. 7. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W. GreinerSpringer Verlag, Berlin (1990).
8. 8. Quantum Mechanics by F. Schwabe, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (1992).
9. 9. Quantum Physics by S. Gasiorowicz, Wiley, (2003).
10.10. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by David J. GriffithsPRENTICE Hall, Int.,
Inc, (2005).

PHYS-6120 Solid State Physics-I Cr.H-3(3-0)

Crystal structure in 2D and 3D, fundamental types of lattices, index system for crystal planes,
simple crystal structures, X-ray diffraction, Braggs law, reciprocal lattice, Diffraction of
waves by crystals, scattered wave amplitude, Brillouin zones, crystal binding and elastic
constants, Classification of Solids, ionic crystals, covalent crystals, Ionic Radii, II-VI and III-
V compounds, Molecular crystals, metals, Cohesive energy, The Lenard Jones Potential,
Density, Cohesive energy and Bulk Modulus of crystalline solids, The Madelung constant,
Cohesion in Covalent crystals, elastic waves in cubic crystals. Vibration of crystals with
monatomic basis, two atoms per primitive basis, quantization of elastic waves, normal
vibration modes and phonon, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons, Phonon
heat capacity, lattice heat capacity, Einstein and Debye models. Sommerfeld model of free
electron theory, Energy levels in one dimension, free electron gas in three dimension. DC and
AC electrical conductivity of metals

Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
(2005).
2. Solid state physics by Neil W. Ashecroft, N. David Mermin, CBS Publishing Asia
Ltd. (2003).
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemroe, Cambridge University Press (1991).

24
 4. Elementary solid state physics, by M. A. Omar, (2003).
5. Basic elements of crystallography by N G Szwachi and T Szwacka (2010)
6. Solid State Physics and electronics by R K Puri and V K Babbar (2007)

PHYS-6121 Modern Physics LAB Cr.H-3(0-3)

The following practical are recommended for Modern Physics LAB. Minimum numbers of
practical to be performed are six.
 To determine the Cauchy’s constants using Spectrometer.
 Measurement of Wavelength of Mercury Light using Michelson Interferometer.
 To determine the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of electron by fine beam tube method.
 Determination of Speed of Light using Optical Fiber.
 To measure Plank’s constant by studying photoelectric effect.
 Characteristics of G. M tube, Radiation Detection, shielding and analysis.
 Radio Frequency Measurements (Determination of dielectric constants of solids).
 The Frank-hertz experiment (Measurement of excitation potential of Hg).
 Determination of the charge on an electron (e) by Millikan’s method.
 Determination of the Rydberg constant from the spectrum of hydrogen.
 To study the Zeeman effect for a line in the spectrum of helium.
 The measurement of the Hall effect in germanium and silicon.
 To determine the energy gap in silicon and Germanium.
 Characteristic Curves of a Solar Cell
 Diffraction Intensity due to multiple slits and grids
Recommended Books:
1. Experiments in Modern Physics by H.Mark and H.T. Olsono. (McGraw-Hill).
2. Experiments in Modern Physics by A.C. Melissinos. (Academic).

Semester-VII

PHYS-6122 Statistical Mechanics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Review of thermodynamics: Mathematical formulation of first and second law of

thermodynamics, Maxwell’s relation, Reduction of derivatives, General conditions of
equilibrium. Partition Function: Partition Function, Relations of partition function with
thermodynamical variables, examples (collection of simple harmonic oscillators, Half spin
paramagnet. Basic Principles of statistical Mechanics: Microscopic and macroscopic states,
Phase Space, Ensemles,Liouvillie theorem, Formation of Microcanonical, Canonical and
Grand canonical partition function. Maxwell distribution of molecular speed: Probability of
the particle in quantum state, Density of states in k-space,single particle density of states in
energy, Maxwell-Boltzman Distribution Function, Validity of Maxwell-Boltzman statistics,
Evaluation of constants α and β, Maxwell Speed distribution function. Theory of ideal Fermi
System: Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function, Examples of the Fermi system (free electron
theory of metals, Electrons in stars, electrons in white dwarf stars). Theory of Bose System:
Bos-Einstein Distribution Function, Black body radiation, the photon gas, ideal bose gas
model of liquid helium, Einstein’s model of vibration in a solids, Debye’s model of vibration
in a solids.

25
Advanced Topics: Fluctuations, Bose-Einstein Condensation, Introduction to density matrix
approach

Recommended Books:
1. Statistical Physics by F. Mandl, ELBS/John Willey, (1998).
2. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics by F. Reif, Mc Graw Hill, (1988).
3. Introductory Statistical Mechanics by Roger Bowley and Mariana Sanchez, (1999).
4. Statistical Mechanics by B.K. Agarwal and Melvin Eisner, John Wiley & Sons,
(1988).
5. Statistical Mechanics by R.K. Pathria, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1996).
6. Introduction to statistical mechanics by SK Sinha Narosa Publishing House PVT.LTD
(2007)

PHYS-6123 Atomic Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

The Thomson model, The Rutherford model, Alpha-Particle Scattering, Electron orbits,
Sommerfeld model, Atomic Spectra of hydrogen atom, Nuclear Motion and Reduced Mass,
The Correspondence principle, The Frank-Hertz and Stern-Gerlach Experiments, Quantum
Theory of the Hydrogen Atom, Quantum numbers, Total Quantum numbers, Orbital
Quantum number, Magnetic Quantum Number, Spin-orbit interaction, Exclusion principle,
Electron configuration in many electron-atoms, Hund’s rules, Coupling of angular momenta,
LS-coupling, jj-coupling, Origin of Spectral lines, Selection Rules, One electron Spectra,
Two-electron Spectra, Relative intensities in a multiplet, X-ray spectra. Atoms in Magnetic
and Electric fields: Space quantization, Magnetic moment and Bohr Magneton, Zeeman
Effect, Paschen-Back effect, Stark effect.

Recommended Books:
1. Atomic and Quantum Physics by H. Haken and H. C. Wolf, Springer, (1994)
2. Perspective of Modern Physics by Beiser, McGraw-Hill, (1988)
3. Spectrophysics by Anne, P. Thorn, 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, (1988).
4. Physics of atoms and molecules by B.H. Bransden and C.J.Joachain, Longmans,
London, (1983).
5. Introduction to Atomic Spectra by White McGraw-Hill, (1986)
6. Principles of Modern Physics by R. B. Leighton (Latest Ed.).
7. Fundamentals of Modern Physics by R. M. Eisberg, (John Wiley and Sons).
8. Atomic Physics, C. J. Foot, Oxford University Press, (2005).

PHYS-6124 Plasma Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introduction, Occurrance of plasma. Concept of temperature. Debye shielding. The plasma

parameter. Criteria for plasma. Applications of plasma physics. Single-particle motion in
electromegnatic field. Uniform and nonuniform E and B fields. Time-variant E and B fields.
Fluid description of plasma. Wave propagation in plasma. Derivation of dispersion relations
for simple electrostatic and electromagnetic modes. Low temperature plasmas and their
applications, Magnetic fusion plasmas, Laser produced plasmas, inertial confinement fusion,
X-ray lasers and Particle accelerators.

Recommended Books:
1. Fundamentals of Plasma Physics, P. M. Bellan, CUP, (2004).

26
 2. The Physics of Plasmas, T.J.M. Boyd and J.J. Sanderson, CUP, (2003).
3. Introduction to plasma Physics by R. J. Glasston and P. H. Rutherford, IOP
Publishing, (1995)
4. Plasma Physics: An Introductory Course edited by R.Dendy Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, (1993)
5. J. A. Bittencourt, Fundamentals of Plasma Physics, Pergamon Press, 1986.
6. Introduction to plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion by F.F.Chen, Plenum, (1984).

PHYS-6125 Quantum Mechanics-II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Orbital angular momentum, The eigenvalues and eigen-functions of L2 and Lz, Matrix
representation of angular, momentum operators, Addition of angular momenta, spin-angular
momentum. Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions (3D problems in Cartesian and
Spherical coordinates). The free particle solution, box potential problem, The Harmonic
Oscillators: Isotropic and Anisotropic Harmonic Oscillator, the Hydrogen atom.
Approximate Methods (Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate and
degenerate levels, the variational method, The WKB approximation, Time dependent
perturbation theory), Identical Particles (Many Particles Systems, Systems of Identical
Particles, The Pauli Exclusion Principle).

Recommended Books:
1. Introductory Quantum mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing Company,
Reading Mass. (1980).
2. QUANTUM MECHANICS: Concepts and Applications by Nouredine Zettili, JOHN
WILEY & SONS (2001).
3. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. TownsendMcGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore (1992).
4. Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction by W. Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Mass. (1980).
5. Quantum Mechanics, Classical Results, Modern Systems and visualized Examples by
Richard W. Robinett, Oxford University Press (2006).
6. Theory of Quantua by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J. Kaminski, Oxford University
Press, New York (1992).
7. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W. GreinerSpringer Verlag, Berlin (1990).
8. Quantum Mechanics by F. SchwableNarosa Publishing House, New Delhi (1992).
9. Quantum Physics by Gasiorowicz, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Singapore, (2003).
10. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by David J. Griffiths, PRENTICE Hall, Int., Inc,
(2005).

PHYS-6126 Solid State Physics-II Cr.H-3(3-0)

Solid state problem, free electron approximation, density of states, Fermi Dirac distribution,
k-space, concept of Fermi energy and the Fermi surface, free electron description of Heat
capacity, electrical conductivity of metals, Hall effect, Nearly free electron model, origin of
the energy gap, , Bloch functions, Concept of hole, reduced, periodic & extended zone
schemes, motion of electrons in a periodic potential, crystal momentum, effective mass,
physical interpretation of the effective mass, Kronig-Penney model, Calculation of band
structure, Tight-Binding method, Semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors,
intrinsic carrier concentration, mobility, impurity conductivity donor states, acceptor states,

27
thermal ionization of donors and acceptors, simple description of pn-junction and
rectification, Transistors, Semiconductors heterostructures and outline of solid state lasers,
Optical properties of solids, Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism, Larmor Diamagnetism, Pauli
Paramagnetism, Conduction electrons Diamagnetism, introduction to superconductivity.

Recommended Books:
1. Introductory Solid States Physics – H. P. Myers (latest edition)
2. Solid States Physics - S.O. Pillai (2005)
3. Problem in Solid State Physics – S.O. Pillai (2005)
4. Solid States Physics – A.J. Dekkar(latest edition)
5. Solid states Physics – Wahab (2005)
6. Solid States Physics – Ibach & Luth(latest edition)
7. Solid state physics by Neil W. Ashecroft, N. David Mermin, CBS Publishing Asia Ltd.
(2003)

Semester-VIII

PHYS-6127 Computational Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Preparatory Concepts: A brief introduction of the computer package MATLAB®, Numerical

Techniques: Numerical Solutions of equations, Interpolation and Extrapolation, Numerical
integration and differentiation and solution of differential equations. Modeling &
Simulations: Basic concepts of modeling and simulation, relation between modeling and
simulation. Case Study: Some systems of interest for physicists such as Motion of Falling
objects, Kepler's problems, Oscillatory motion, many particle systems, Dynamic systems,
Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion, Populations genetics etc
(only one ).

Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Numerical Methods by Peter A. Stark, The Macmillan Company
(1970).
th
2. MATLAB An Introduction with Applications (4 Edition) by Amos Gilat, JOHN
WILEY & SONS, INC (2011).
3. Computational Physics by S.T. Koonini, The Benjamin/Coming Publishing Inc.,
California (1986).
4. Programming with MATLAB for scientists: A beginner’s introduction by Ugeniy E.
Miakhailove, CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group ) (2017).
5. An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods by H. Gould & J.
TobochnikAddison Wesley Publishing Company, Rading Massachusetts (1988).
6. Numerical Methods for Engineers with Personal Computer Applications by S.C.
Chapra & R.P. Chanle, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York (1965).
7. Introduction to Computational Physics by M. L. De Jong, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company Inc., Massachusetts (1991).

28
PHYS-6128 Laser Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introduction to Lasers, Properties of laser beam, Electromagnetic waves and photons, Energy
levels, Transition and spectral lines, Spontaneous and Stimulated emission, Stimulated
Absorption, Line shape function, Black-Body Radiation, Relation between Einstein A and B
Coefficients, Conditions for large stimulated emissions, Gain coefficient, Threshold Gain
coefficient, Line-broadening mechanism, The metastable level, Population inversion, The
three and four-level system, Rate equations, Optical resonators, Conditions for steady state
oscillation in a two mirror Resonator, Cavity resonance frequencies, Longitudinal and
Transverse modes in a cavity, Pumping Process, Pulsed vs Continuous emission, Threshold
condition and output power, Optimum output coupling, Laser tuning, Oscillation and
pulsations in lasers, Q-Switching and mode-locking methods, Phase velocity, Group
Velocity, Dispersion and Pulse Width, Non-linear crystals, Laser Systems (Solid state lasers,
Ruby Laser, Nd:YAG and Nd:Glass lasers, Semiconductor lasers: Homojunction lasers,
Double Hetrostructure lasers, Gass Lasers: Helium Neon laser, CO2 laser, Nitrogen laser and
Excimer laser, Free-Electro and X-ray lasers), Laser Applications.

Recommended Books:
1. Principles of lasers by O. Svelto, Plenum press new York & London (1992).
2. Lasers by J. Eberly and P. Milonni, Wiley, New York. (1988).
3. Quantum Optics by Scully and Zubairy, Cambridge university press (1997).
4. Lasers by A.E. SiegmanUniversity, Science Books Mill Valley, C. A. (1986).
5. Laser Theory by H. Haken, Springer, Berlin (2003).
6. Laser Fundamentals by W. T. Silfvast, Cambridge University press, (2003).
7. Understanding lasers b y J. Hecht, Howard W. Sams & Company, USA (1988).
8. Lasers, Principles and Applications by J. Wilson and J. F. B. Hawkes, Prentice Hall,
New York, (1988).
9. Lasers and Electro-Optics: Fundamental and Engineering by Christopher C. Davis,
Cambridge University press, (1996).

PHYS-6129 Relativity and Cosmology __ Cr.H-3(3-0)

Galilean Transformations, Existence of Ether, Michelson-Morley Experiment, Stellar

Aberration, Einstein’s Postulates of Special Relativity, Lorentz Transformations, Relativity of
Simultaneity, Time Dilation (Twins Paradox), Length Contraction (Ladder Paradox),
Velocity Transformation and Velocity Addition, Relativistic Mechanics, Minkowski
Spacetime, Line Element, Four-Vectors, Force Equation in relativity, Rest Mass,
Conservation of Energy and Momentum, Elements of Tensor Calculus, Manifolds and
Coordinates, Curves and Surfaces, Geodesics, Parallel Transport, Riemann Tensor, Metric
Tensor, Christoffel Symbols, Principles of General Relativity, Equation of Geodesics,
Einstein’s Field Equations, Cosmology, Newtonian Cosmology, Cosmological Redshift,
Hubble’s Law, The Big Bang, Expansion Rate.

Recommended Books:
1. Dynamics and Relativity, by W.D.McComb, Oxford University Press, (1999).
2. Introduction to Cosmology, by J.V.Narlikar, Cambridge University Press, (1989).
3. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity, by R.D.D’Inverno, Oxford University Press, (1992).
4. The Special Theory of Relativity by D. Bohm. Routledge (2009).
5. General Theory of Relativity by P. M. Dirac. John Wiley and Sons (1975).
6. Theory of Relativity based on Physical Reality by L. Janossy Academia Kiado,

29
 Budapest (1971).
7. Relativity Demystified D. MacMohan Mc Graw-Hill (2006).
8. Dynamics and Relativity by J. R. Forshaw and A. G. Smith. John Wiley and Sons
(2009).

PHYS-6130 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physic Cr.H-3(3-0)

Nuclear Physics: Basic properties of Nucleus: Size and mass of the nucleus. Nuclear spin,
magnetic dipole moment, electric quadropole moment, parity and statistics, Detectors,
Passage of charged particle through matter, ionization chamber, proportional counter,
scintillation counter, semi-conductor detector, bubble chamber, Particle Accelerators: Linear
accelerator, Van de Graff, Betatron, synchrocyclotron, Nuclear Forces, Yukawa theory,
proton-proton and neutron-proton scattering, charge independence of nuclear force,
Conservation laws of nuclear reaction, Q-value of nuclear reaction, threshold energy,
transmutation by photons, proton, deuterons and alpha particles, excited states of nucleus,
energy levels, level width, Cross section from nuclear reactions, compound nucleus theory of
nuclear reactions, limitation of compound nucleus theory, direct reactions, theory of fission
and spontaneous fission, nuclear chain reaction and applications, Thermonuclear Reactions,
Fusion and thermonuclear process, energy released in nuclear fusion, formation of heavy
elements, semi-carbon nitrogen cycle controlled nuclear fusion.
Elementary Particle Physics: Introduction, Fundamental Interactions, Classification of
elementary particles, Parameters of elementary particles, The massless bosons, The leptons,
The mesons, The baryons, The eight fold way, Quarks, colour, charm.
Recommended Books:
1. Introductory Nuclear Physics by Krane, (2008).
2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Beiser, (2002).
3. Nuclear Physics by I. Kaplan, Addison-Wesley (2004).
4. Nuclear Physics (Vol I and II) by G. Chatwal, Dominant Publisher and Distribution,
(2007).
5. Particle and Nuclei , B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholtz, F. Zetsche, (2008).
6. Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics by V.K Mittal, R.C Verma,S.C Gupta,
(2013).
7. Introductory Nuclear Physics by R.K Puri,V.K Babbar,(1996).

DETAILS OF OPTIONAL COURSES

PHYS-6131 Advanced Electronics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Number Systems and Operations (Number systems their introversion ) Codes (BCD,Excess-
3, Gray) error detection and correction codes, Parity codes, Seven-segment Display Code
Logic Gates and Related Devices, Logic Families- significance and types, Boolean Algebra
and Simplification Techniques, Combitional Logic Design, Flip-Flops , Sequential Logic
Circuits (Registers and application of shift register ), Ripple Counters, Synchronous Counter,
Microprocessors
Introduction to Microprocessors, Inside a Microprocessor, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
Register File, Control Unit, Basic Microprocessor Instructions, Data Transfer Instructions,
Arithmetic Instructions, Logic Instructions, Discussion on 8085/8088, 8086 processor family,
Intel Microprocessor hierarchy, Microcontrollers, Introduction to the Microcontroller,
Applications, Inside the Microcontroller, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access

30
Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Special-Function Registers, Peripheral
Components, Microcontroller Architecture, Architecture to Access Memory, Eight-Bit
Microcontrollers,-Bit Microcontrollers , 32-Bit Microcontrollers, Interfacing ( Peripheral
Devices with a Microcontroller, LEDs, Electromechanical Relay, Keyboards Seven-Segment
Displays ), Modulation, Modulation; the power spectrum in AM, the diode modulator for
AM, detection of AM signals, AVC, The SSB system of modulation, the frequency spectrum,
bandwidth , generation of FM and AM. The superhetrodyne receiver, a radar system. Radio
communication, Production of radio transmitter block diagram. Propagation of radio waves
system Formation of ionosphere layers and their variations.

Recommended Books:
1. Digital Logic and Computer Design, by Morris Mono, Prentice Hall, (1995).
2. Electronic and Radio Engineering, by F.E Terman McGraw-Hill
3. The Design of /Small-Scalle Embedded Systems by, Tim Wilmshurst, Palgrave
(2003).
4. Principles and Application of Digital Electronics, by Larry D. Jones, Macmillan
Publishing Company, (1993).
5. Digital system design and Micro Possessor, by J.C. BORTIE (NBF).
6. Micro Electron, by McMillan McGraw Hill.
7. Digital Electronics, by Tocheim (1999).
8. Programming and Interfacing, by Barrey B. Brey, Intel UPS Architecture Prentic Hall
(1998).
9. Digital Fundamental, by T.L. Floyd, (2002).
10. Digital Logic and Computer Design, 4th Edition by Morris Mono, Prentice Hall,
(2011).

PHYS-6132 Physical and Geometrical Optics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Light - A historical perspective, Production and measurement of light, Geometrical Optics,

The thick lens, Cylindrical lenses and astigmatism, Aberration theory, Controlling light
through optical system, Optical instruments, Light as waves, Interference phenomena,
Interference applications, Polarized light, Fraunhofer diffraction, Fiber otics, Non-linear
Optics.

Recommended Books:
1. Optics and Vision, by L. S. Pedrotti and F. L. Pedrotti, Prentice Hall, (1998).
2. Optics, by Eugene Hecht, Addison-Wesley, (1998).
3. Optics, by Benjamin Crowell, (2000).
4. Optics, by M. H. Freenan and C. C. Hull, Elsevier, (2003).

PHYS-6133 Physics of Nanotechnologies Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introduction: The Importance of Nanoscale, Moore's law, Nanotechnology/Top down and

bottom up approaches of nanofabrication, Advances in Nanotechnology, Advantages of
nanotechnology, Future prospects in nanoscience and nanotechnology, Societal impact of
nanotechnology, Two Dimensional Nanomaterials Growth: Thin film growth, Epitaxial
growth modes, Thin film growth techniques : Pulsed laser deposition (PLD), Molecular beam
epitaxy (MBE), Sputter deposition, Chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Electron beam
evaporation (EBE) etc. Zero & One Dimensional Nanostructures Fabrication Techniques:
Lithography : Mask lithography : Optical lithography, Nanoimprint, Maskless lithography :

31
Scanning electron beam lithography, Focussed ion beam lithography, Nanostructures
characterization techniques: Surface analysis by microscopy techniques : Optical microscopy
(Conventional light microscopy, Fluorescence microscopy etc.), Electron microscopy
(Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Focus ion beam
microscopy etc.), Scanning probe microscopy (Scanning tunneling microscopy, Atomic force
microscopy, Near-field scanning optical microscopy), Elemental Composition/Structural
analysis : Electron techniques (Reflection high energy electron diffraction, Low energy
electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy etc.) and X-ray techniques (X-ray
diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy etc.).

Recommended Books:

1) Edward L. Wolf: Nanophysics and Nanotechnology, An introduction to Modern Concept

in Nanoscience, Wiley VCH, 2004

2) Par Mark A. Ratner, Daniel Ratner, Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next
Big Idea, Prentice Hall Professional, 2003.
3) J I Goldstein et al, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis,Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003.
4) David B. Williams and C. Barry Carter, Transmission electron microscopy : a textbook for
materials science, Springer US, 2nd Edition 2009.
5) Andrew Zangwil, Physics at surfaces, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1988

PHYS-6134 Methods of Experimental Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Introduction to vacuum physics: Importance, Ranges and applications of vacuum, Molecular

description of gases: Kinetic molecular theory of gases, Continuum and molecular states of
gases, Mean free path, Molecular number density, Impingement rate, Fundamental concepts
of vacuum physics: Surfaces processes, Scattering of a molecule from a surface, Adsorption
and desorption, Outgassing, Sputtering, Gas flow and pumping: Continuum and molecular
flow of gases, Conductance and pumping speed, Pumping process & pumping equation,
Pump down time, Ultimate pressure, Vacuum pumps: Primary, Secondary and Ultra-high
vacuum pumps, Vacuum gauges: Primary, Secondary and Ultra-high vacuum gauges, Sensor
technology: Fundamental sensor performance characteristics, Classification of sensors,
Temperature, Optical, Magnetic, Pressure, Fluid flow sensors, Metal detectors

Recommended Books:
1. Sensor Technology-Handbook by J. Wilson Elsevier (2005)
2. Methods of Experimental Physics-Vacuum Physics and Technology by G. L.
Weissler, R. W. Carlson. Academic Press (1979)
3. Vacuum Technology-Practice for Scientific Instruments by N. Yoshimura Springer
(2008)
4. Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology by D. M. Hoffman, J. H. Thomas, B.
Singh Elsevier (1997)
5. Vacuum and Pressure Systems-Handbook by Gast Manufacturing Inc.
6. High Vacuum Techniques by J. Yarwood, Chapman Hall, (1975).
7. A Handbook of Modern Sensors-Physics, Design and Applications, by Jacob Fraden,
Springer, (2004).
8. Scientific Foundations of Vacuum Technology. Saul Dushman (2nd edition, 1962,

32
 John Wiley and Sons).
9. Modern Vacuum Physics by Austin Chambers, CHAPMAN & HALL\CRC press
company 2005.

PHYS-6135 Advanced Electronics LAB Cr.H-3(0-3)

The following practicals are recommended for Modern Physics LAB. Minimum number of
practicals to be performed is six.

 using IC’s construct and study RS, JK (Master slave), T and D flip-flops.
 Design and study of a half and full adder with different Boolean expression using
IC’s.
 Design and study different combinational circuit(BCD adder,7-segment
decoder,comparater encoder, multiplexer circuits)
 To study combinational lock and led sequencer circuits
 Synchronous and asynchronous BCD counters, memory shift register with IC’s.
 Design and Study of decoder, encoder, multiplexer circuits and compare the input
output waveforms.
 To construct and understand an operation of arithmetic logic unit and study of
different arithmetic logic operations.
 The following practical are recommended for advanced electronics lab using
8051microcontroller and 8086 microprocessor.
1. Programmable peripheral interface
2. Graphical/Character LCD
3. ADC and DAC
4 External Interrupt and Timers
5 2-Dimensional Key Board
6 LED and SSD display controls

PHYS-6136 Introduction to Quantum Computing Cr.H-3(3-0)

Computer technology and historical background; Basic principles and postulates of quantum
mechanics: Quantum states, evolution, quantum measurement, superposition, quantization
from bits to qubits, operator function, density matrix, Schrodinger equation, Schmidt
decomposition, EPR and Bell’s inequality; Quantum Computation: Quantum Circuits, Single
qubit operation, Controlled operations, Measurement, Universal quantum gates, Single qubit
and CNOT gates; Breaking unbreakable codes: Code making, Trapdoor function, One time
pad, RSA cryptography, Code breaking on classical and quantum computers, Schor’s
algorithm; Quantum Cryptography: Uncertainty principle, Polarization and Spin basis, BB84,
BB90, and Ekert protocols, Quantum cryptography with and without eavesdropping,
Experimental realization; Quantum Search Algorithm.

Recommended Books:
1. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, by M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000.
2. Exploration in Quantum Computation, by C.P. Williams and S. H. Clearwater,
Springer Verlag (1997).
3. The Physics of Quantum Information: Quantum Cryptography, Quantum
Teleportation, Quantum Computation, by P. Bouwmester, A. Ekert, and A. Zeilinger,
Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg (2000).

33
 4. Mathematics of Quantum Computation, by A.K.Brylinsky and G. Chen, Chapman &
Hall/CRC (2002).
5. Quantum Computing explained, by David McMahon, John Wiley & Sons (2007)

PHYS-6137 Particle Physics Cr.H-3(3-0)

Particle Classification, Quantum numbers, leptons, hadrons, baryons, mesons, quarks, The
Fundamental Interactions, The electromagnetic coupling, the strong coupling, the weak
coupling, Symmetry Transformation and Conservation Laws, Translation in space, rotation in
space, the group SU (2), systems of identical particles, parity, iso-spin charge conjugation,
time reversal, G parity, CPT theorem, The Electromagnetic Field, Gauge invariance and
Maxwell’s equations, polarization ad photon spin, angular momentum, parity and C parity of
photon, Hadron Spectroscopy, Formation experiment, partial wave formalism and the optical
theorem, the Breit-Wigner resonance formula, baryon resonances, phase space
considerations, production experiments, The Quark Model, The group SU (3), quarks,
hadrons baryons, mesons in quark model, heave meson spectroscopy, the quarkonium model,
The Standard Model (qualitative treatment only), Unification of weak and electromagnetic
interactions Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Model.

Recommended Books:
1. Relatvistic Quantum Mechanics, by Bjorken, J. D. and Drell, S.D., McGraw Hill,
(1995).
2. Quarks and Leptons, by Halzen, F. and Martin, A.D., John-Wiley and Sons. (1984).
3. Quantum Mechanics, by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin, World Scientific, (1990).
4. Introduction to Elementary Particles, by Griffiths, D., John-Wiley and Sons, (1987).

PHYS-6138 Project Cr.H-3(3-0)

PHYS-6139 Thesis Cr.H-3(3-0)

34