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Wireless and Mobile Communication

The document discusses key challenges for 5G communication and networking. It covers topics like RF energy harvesting, enabling technologies like software defined networking and network function virtualization, and 5G deployment scenarios. Some of the main challenges addressed are energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, quality of service, and transporting energy and information simultaneously over wireless channels.

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55 views32 pages

Wireless and Mobile Communication

The document discusses key challenges for 5G communication and networking. It covers topics like RF energy harvesting, enabling technologies like software defined networking and network function virtualization, and 5G deployment scenarios. Some of the main challenges addressed are energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, quality of service, and transporting energy and information simultaneously over wireless channels.

Uploaded by

Fahad Ibrar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

5G Communication & Networking:

Key challenges/issues

Dr. Saleem Aslam

4/7/2020 1
Energy Management(RF Energy Harvesting Mechanism)
RF Energy Harvesting makes wireless nodes to acquire energy from
electromagnetic waves available in the operating environment.
By 2020 and beyond

•Energy efficiency
•Spectral efficiency
•Quality of service (QoS),etc.

Key challenges

Ambient RF Energy Harvesting Sources

4/7/2020 2
Why RF Energy Harvesting??

 Key advantages
 Free and abundant availability (“On Demand”)
 Works in perpetual dark locations
 Works in hazardous locations
 Provides and support mobility
 Can take advantage of electricity tariffs
 Can charge a secondary battery
 Scalable to many nodes without requiring modifications at
source
 Can be embedded between walls

4/7/2020 3
Transporting Energy and Information Simultaneously
 Tradeoff between transmitting energy and transmitting information over
a single noisy line.
Two goals to be accomplished:
i. Large received energy per unit time
ii. Large information per unit time
 How Wireless Energy and Information is transported simultaneously?

4/7/2020 4
RF Energy Harvesting Network

4/7/2020 5
General Architecture of RF Harvesting Device

4/7/2020 6
Harvesting Mechanisms

 The power management module can adopt two methods to


control the incoming energy flow:
 Harvest use
 Harvest store

 Energy Harvesting can be:


 In Band
 Out of Band

 SWIPT Concept: This concept allows the information receiver


and RF energy harvester to share the same antenna or antenna
array for operation.
4/7/2020 7
Factors Effecting the Harvesting

 Efficiency of the Receiving Antenna.

 The accuracy of the impedance matching between the antenna


and the voltage multiplier.

 The power efficiency of the voltage multiplier that converts the


received RF signals to DC voltage.

4/7/2020 8
RF Energy Harvesting Technique

 RF energy harvesting has the following characteristics:


 Provides controllable and constant energy transfer over distance for RF
energy harvesters.
 Depends on the distance from the RF Source.

 The RF sources can mainly be classified into two types


 Dedicated RF sources
 Ambient RF sources

4/7/2020 9
Antenna Architecture

4/7/2020 10
Antenna Architecture

Two types of Antenna Architecture


 Power Splitter

 Time Switching

 Power splitting architecture allows only in-band RF


energy harvesting.
 Time switching architecture can support both In-band
and out-of-band RF energy harvesting.

4/7/2020 11
Free Space Model

 In RF Energy Harvesting Technique


Harvested energy depends on
 Transmit power
 Wavelength of RF Signal

 Distance between an RF energy source and the harvesting node.

The amount of harvested RF energy can be calculated based on the


Friis equation: (Free-space model)

4/7/2020 12
Architecture of RF-Powered CRNs networks

4/7/2020 13
Application Domains

4/7/2020 14
Key Enabling Technologies

4/7/2020 15
Software Defined Networking

Software Defined Networking is an innovative technology that offers centralized


infrastructure for optimal performance gain and management for computer
networks.

4/7/2020 16
Key Enabling Technologies
Software defined Networking

 SDN decouples data and control


plane of the network [16]-[21].
 Implement network policies, rules,
configurations and priorities on a
central reconfigurable controller
known as SDN controller.
 SDN controller communicates with
the network devices(switches, router,
etc.) to support different objectives
(e.g., load management).

4/7/2020 17
Key Enabling Technologies
3 Software defined Networking

Data Plane

Control Plane

4/7/2020 18
Key Enabling Technologies
3 Software defined Networking

SDN Controller
Configuration management
of SDN compliant devices

4/7/2020 19
Key Enabling Technologies
Software defined Networking
SDN Controller

4/7/2020 20
Key Enabling Technologies
Software defined Networking
 For communication between SDN controller and devices, forwarding and
control element specification (ForCES) [21] and interface to the routing
system (IRS) [22] are popular protocols.

 Most popular SDN protocol is known as OpenFlow [16], [23] which


utilizes flow-tables (FT) that contains match fields (forwarding rules) and
instructions (e.g., priority) to achieve the objectives of application layer. When
SDN device receives a packet from SDN controller, it checks FT and takes
appropriate actions accordingly.

 There are several ways such as (1) centralized (2) distributive and (3)
hybrid for implementing SDN controller [24]
Centralized/Distributed Control

Centralized Control Distributed Control


Controller Controller

OpenFlow OpenFlow
Switch Switch
Controller

OpenFlow OpenFlow
Switch Switch

OpenFlow OpenFlow
Switch Switch

4/7/2020 22
Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

A complementary technology to SDN


is NFV, which can provide the
infrastructure on which SDN can run.

NFV technology is a new way to build


an endto-end network infrastructure
with evolving standard IT virtualization
technology so as to enable the
consolidation of many heterogeneous
network devices onto industry standard
high-volume servers, switches, and
storage [23].

4/7/2020 23
Radio Access Network Architecture

4/7/2020 24
RAN Architecture: SoftRAN

4/7/2020 25
5G Deployment Scenarios

 5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks


 Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment

4/7/2020 26
Conclusion and Future work

 5G has many exciting features both from customer and operator


perspective.

 Standardization is still in process so a lot of efforts are required to reach


operating point.

 SDN can be a optimal technology to bring 5G in the playground!

 Many opportunities for young researchers and developers!

4/7/2020 27
References!

G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, J. Peisa, J. Sachs, and Y. Selén, 5G radio access, Ericsson


Review, 2014.
A. Gudipati, L.E. Li and S. Katti, RadioVisor: a slicing plane for radio access
networks, in proc. ACM, HOTSDN’14, 2014, pp. 237-238.
Ericsson, June 2013. Ericsson Mobility Report – on the Pulse of the
Networked Society. Stockholm: Ericsson. AvaiP. Demestichas, A.
Georgakopoulos, D. Karvounas, K. Tsagkaris, V. Stavroulaki, J. Lu, C. Xiong,
and J. Yao, 5G on the horizon: Key challenges for the radio-access network,
IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 2013, 3 : pp. 47-53.
S. Chen and J. Zhao, The requirements, challenges, and technologies for 5G of
terrestrial mobile telecommunication, IEEE Communication Magazine, 2014;
52 (5), pp. 36-43.
S. patel, M. Chauhan, K. Kapadiya, 5G: Future Mobile Technology-Vision
2020, International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012, 54(17), pp. 6-10.
E. Dahlmanlable at: http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2013/ericsson-
mobilityreport-june-2013.pdf
References

Ghaith Hattab, Mohammed Ibnkahla “Multiband Spectrum Sensing: Challenges


and Limitations”, arXiv:1409.6394v1 [cs.IT] 23 Sep 2014
Y. Zeng, Y.-C. Liang, and M. W. Chia, “Edge based wideband sensing
for cognitive radio: Algorithm and performance evaluation,” in Proc.
IEEE Int. Symb. on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
(DySPAN’11), May 2011, pp. 538–544.
A. Mahram, M. Shayesteh, and S. Kordan, “A novel wideband spectrum
sensing algorithm for cognitive radio networks based on DOA estimation
model,” in Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Telecommun. (IST’12), Nov. 2012,
pp. 359–362.
References
X. Lu, P. Wang, D. Niyato, D. I. Kim, and Z. Han, “RF Energy Harvesting
Networks: A Contemporary Survey,” Submitted to IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorials.
X. Lu, P. Wang, D. Niyato, and Z. Han, “Resource allocation in wireless
networks with RF energy harvesting and transfer,” to appear in IEEE
Networks.
K. Huang and V. K. N. Lau, “Enabling wireless power transfer in cellular
networks: architecture, modeling and deployment,” IEEE Transactions
on Wireless Communications, vol 13, no. 2, pp. 902-912, Feb. 2014.
L. Liu, R. Zhang, and K. C. Chua, “Multi-antenna wireless powered
communication with energy beam forming.” (available on-line at
arXiv:1312.1450)
R. Morsi, D. S. Michalopoulos, and R. Schober, “Multi-user scheduling
schemes for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer.”
(available on-line at arXiv:1306.3093)
H. Ju and R. Zhang, “Throughput maximization in wireless powered
communication networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,
vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 418-428, January 2014.
Thank You
&
Questions!!!

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