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How Is This Passage Organized?

The passage discusses two types of supernovas - Type I and Type II. Originally, they were distinguished based on the presence or absence of hydrogen, but are now known to result from two different explosion mechanisms. Type I occur in binary star systems when a white dwarf draws matter from a companion star, causing it to collapse. Type II result when a very massive star runs out of fuel and collapses, releasing energy that causes the explosion. The classification helps explain that the Sun will not become a supernova, as it is not part of a binary system and does not have sufficient mass.

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170 views2 pages

How Is This Passage Organized?

The passage discusses two types of supernovas - Type I and Type II. Originally, they were distinguished based on the presence or absence of hydrogen, but are now known to result from two different explosion mechanisms. Type I occur in binary star systems when a white dwarf draws matter from a companion star, causing it to collapse. Type II result when a very massive star runs out of fuel and collapses, releasing energy that causes the explosion. The classification helps explain that the Sun will not become a supernova, as it is not part of a binary system and does not have sufficient mass.

Uploaded by

udisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Supernovas are among the most energetic events in the universe and result in the complete

disruption of stars at the end of their lives. Originally, the distinction between Type I and
Type II supernovas was based solely on the presence or absence of hydrogen atoms
(hydrogen lines). Supernovas without hydrogen lines were called Type I, while those with
hydrogen lines were Type II. Subsequent analysis of many of these events revealed that this
empirical classification schema instead reflected two different mechanisms for the supernova
explosion.
Type I supernovas happen in binary stars—two stars that orbit closely each other—when one
of the two binary stars is a small, dense, white dwarf star. If the companion star ranges too
close to the white dwarf that it is orbiting, the white dwarf’s gravitational pull will draw
matter from the other star. When the white dwarf acquires enough matter to become at least
1.4 times as big as the Sun, it collapses and explodes in a supernova.
Type II supernovas occur when a star, much more massive than the Sun, ends its life. When
such a star begins burning out, the core of the star quickly collapses releasing amazing energy
in the form of neutrinos, a kind of particle smaller than even an atom. Electromagnetic
radiation—energy that is electric and magnetic—causes the star to explode in a supernova.
Whereas Type I supernovas typically destroy their parent stars, Type II explosions usually
leave behind the stellar core.
The classification schema regarding the mechanism for supernova explosions helps to more
succinctly answer the question: Is the Sun in danger of becoming a supernova? Neither does
our Sun have a companion star orbiting it nor does our Sun have the mass necessary to
become a supernova. Furthermore, it will be another billion years until the Sun runs out of
fuel and swells into a red giant star before going into a white dwarf form.
1. How is this passage organized?
A) A single phenomenon is introduced and two overlapping classification schemas
are contrasted.
B) An original theory is mentioned before being overturned as a result of new
findings.
C) Two complementary mechanisms for describing a single phenomenon are
discussed and a conclusion is offered.
D) A new classification schema is described and an example of how it works is
provided.
2. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s answer to the question: Is the
Sun in danger of becoming a supernova?
A) The Sun is too large to have a white dwarf as a partner and lacks the physical size required
to become a red giant.
B) Even if the Sun were paired with a white dwarf, the Sun does not have the mass necessary
to create sufficient electromagnetic radiation.
C) The Sun is not a white dwarf with a companion star orbiting it, nor does it have the size to
qualify as a Type II supernova.
D) Without a white dwarf orbiting the Sun, the Sun has no obvious way to increase its size to
become a Type II supernova.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that
A) Classifying a Type I or Type II event based on the presence or absence of hydrogen is not
necessarily incompatible with a classification schema based on the mechanism by which
these two events explode.
B) A dense white dwarf’s gravitational pull on its companion star causes the companion star
to collapse and explode as a supernova.
C) Before a star such as the Sun can become a red giant, it must first become a white dwarf.
D) In a Type II supernova, energy and electromagnetic radiation causes a star to collapse and
explode.
4. According to the passage, which statement or statements below are true?
I. The energy created from a Type II explosion is greater than the energy created by a Type I
explosion.
II. The sun is not a binary star.
III. Both Type I and Type II supernovas result in the complete destruction of the exploding
star.
A) I only
B) II only
C) I and III only
D) II and III only
5. The distinction between Type I and Type II supernovas was based solely on the
presence or absence of
A) oxygen atoms
B) neon atoms
C) hydrogen atoms
D) combination of argon and titanium molecules
6. Size of a neutrino particle is usually,
A) smaller than an atom particle
B) larger than an atom particle
C) same as an atom particle
D) none of the above.
Answers- DCABCA

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