VICE & DRUG EDUCATION and CONTROL

A.Y. 2020 – 2021

CRIMINOLOGY

Prepared by: RAYMUNDA RECTO MORENO

Instructor

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INTRODUCTION

This course intends to develop intellectual skills and promote more effective Criminal Justice
Professionals in dealing with sets of principles for drug education, which comprise an evolving
framework that has proved useful in guiding the development of effective drug education.

Furthermore, these modules, studies the Drug Abuse Prevention and Education Program of the
government that includes recognition, nature and extent of drug problems; causes and influence
of drug abuse; origin, identification and classification of commonly abused drugs, prohibited and
regulated drugs and symptoms of drug abuse.

This course also includes preventive drug abuse education and information program in schools
and communities; and treatment and rehabilitation program for drug dependents.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this module is to prepare criminology students for a law enforcement
working environment as Police officers. Learning this module will enable you to enhance your
skills & your knowledge pertaining to drug education, as to its causes and effects, factors, as well
as the different kinds of illegal drugs as stated under RA 9165.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the semester, the students should be able to:

1. Appreciate the legal aspects of drug education and drug law enforcement;

2. Describe fully the adverse effects of drugs towards the individual, the environmental and
the public;

3. Evaluate the meaning, scope, and objective of the Dangerous Drug law;

4. Explain the causes and influences of drug abuse;

5. Understand the basic identification, classification and the effects of dangerous drugs;

ABSTRACTIONS / DISCUSSIONS

It is generally assumed that drugs and crime are linked. Drug addiction is not a hallmark of moral
failure or lack of willpower—it’s a complex disease that deserves long-term, extensive treatment,
just like any other chronic condition. 

People who have not struggled with substance abuse may find it difficult to understand why
anyone would start using. Why would someone willingly put themselves in harm’s way by
taking dangerous substances?

There are, in fact, many reasons why some people turn to or start abusing drugs, and
unfortunately the consequences can be life-shattering.

While every case is unique, there are general patterns that indicate why some people use drugs,
how addiction develops, and the consequences of drug abuse.
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For most people, the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary. But as they are swept up into the
cycle of addiction, Not everyone who experiments with drugs becomes an addict. There’s no
single factor that can predict whether someone will become addicted, though there are general
social, biological, and environmental factors that do increase the risk.

LET US LEARN …

Drugs
- Any chemically active substance rendering a specific effect on the central nervous system of
man.
- A chemical substance that affects the functions of living cells and alters body or mind processes
when taken into the body or applied through the skin.
- Is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional or behavioral change in a person
taking it.
- Any chemical substance, other than food, which is intended for used in the diagnosis,
treatment, cure, mitigation or prevention of disease or symptoms.
- The term drug derives from the 14th century French word drogue, which means a dry substance.
- Any natural or synthetic substance that is administered to produce specific physiological or
psychological effects.

When are drugs harmful?

Any drug may be harmful when taken in:
- Excess;
- Dangerous combinations;
- By hypersensitive (allergic) person

Drug Abuse
- Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than for medical reasons.
- Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical, psychological, legal, economic, or social
damage to the user or to the people affected by the user’s behavior.
- Using drugs without prescription.
- Abuse of drugs and other substances can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
- The non-medicinal use of a drug in a manner that is not socially acceptable.

Drug dependence - The primary hazard of the abusive use of drugs is the likelihood for some
individuals to develop a “need” or compulsive desire that may occur as a result of a
psychological or a physical craving.
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Addiction - Implies a very severe form of dependence, one involving an overwhelming
compulsion for the use of a particular drug.

Primary causes of drug addiction:

1. Pride - excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem or sense of self importance.
2. Anger - against, himself, family, friends and society in general.
3. Lust - burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
4. Gluttony - "food trip" in the lingo of junkies.
5. Greed – wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their work
of art such as musician, actors and athletes who indulge in rug abuse.
6. Envy - to get attention from someone as sign of protest.
7. Laziness - "i cant syndrome" incapacity to achieve is a breeding ground of drug abuse
and boredom coupled with poor self image.

Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking

1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma

The Golden Crescent

1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India

Classifications of Drugs according to Legal Categories

1. Prohibited Drugs
2. Regulated Drugs
3. Volatile substances

DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED

1) STIMULANT
- Drug that excite the central nervous system, increasing alertness, decreasing fatigue,
delaying sleep, also impale appetite and cause weight loss.
a) Shabu – street names, poor man’s cocaine, S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato, Siopao
Methamphetamine hydrochloride/SHABU - a type of amphetamine also known as
“poor man’s cocaine”.  Other names are Shabu, Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice. 
- Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.

b) Cocaine – an agent that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or

efficiency of an Organism or any of its parts.
Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, Bow

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 Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves of the Coca plant, a shrub that originated in South
America. This drug affects the central nervous system as a stimulant.
-The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is
a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic. 

2) Opiates/Narcotic
- Group of drugs that are used medically to relieve pain, but have a high potential for
abuse.
-In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as
natural products in the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.
Narcotic – substance that lessens pain and/or induces stupor.
a). Opium – is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed
chemically to produce heroin. The latex also includes codeine.
Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the species of plant from which
opium and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is the source of many narcotics,
including morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine
and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to
the sedative properties of some of these opiates.
b) Morphine – is a  potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was
first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Serturner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first
commercially sold by Merck in 1827.
- It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus. 
-The most abundant alkaloid found in Opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from
shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy.
- Morphine can usually be found in tablet form, a syrup, injection or as a suppository form.
- Morphine is usually taken orally via a syrup, tablet or capsule, however, it can come in
an injectable form.
C) Heroin – is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from
the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants.
It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known
on the streets as "black tar heroin”.

3) Hallucinogens
- Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances which affects the perception,
sensation, behavior and produces hallucination on the user.
Marijuana - is the term used to describe all the plant material like leaves, tops, stems,
flowers and roots from a cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for
smoking or taken orally as “brownies”.
-The mind altering component is the tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short, which is
concentrated in the resin.

4) Depressants/Sedatives
- Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-producing effect upon the central nervous
system.

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 - e.g. Valium

5) Inhalants -  drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea.

- includes solvents, bases and aerosol, rugby, gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid and air
freshener

6) Opiates/Narcotics
Opiates, sometimes called narcotics, are a group of drugs that are used medically to
relieve pain, but have a high potential for abuse. Some opiates come from a resin taken
from the seedpod of the Asian poppy. Opiates that are commonly abused are Opium,
Morphine, Codeine, and synthesized or manufactured opiates.
Opium - refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.)
and embraces every kind, class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the
ashes or refuse of the same.

OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy ", "X-

TC", "Adam", "Eden Tablet", or by its any other name - refers to the drug having such
chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form;
Sedatives - Sedative-hypnotics such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and sedatives are
drugs, which depress or slow down body functions. These drugs ca be dangerous when
not taken according to physician's instructions.
Ketamine - is an anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic properties. Its
predominant legitimate use is as a veterinary anesthetic.
-can cause dream-like states and hallucinations. Users report sensations ranging from a
pleasant feeling of floating to being separated from their bodies. Some ketamine
experiences involve a terrifying feeling of almost complete sensory detachment that is
likened to a near-death experience.
Amphetamines
-is a psycho stimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that produces
increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite.
– Drug that is stimulant to the central nervous system. It is colorless and maybe inhaled,
injected or swallowed. It may be used medically to treat depression, and obesity.

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

1) Oral Ingestion
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 - Taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being absorbed in the
bloodstream.
2) Inhalation
- Drug in gaseous from enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by the capillary system.
3) Injection
- Administered into the body by the use of a stringe or hypodhermic needle.
4) Snorting
- Inhalation through the nose of drugs in gaseous form.
5) Buccal
- Drugs is administered by placing it in the buccal cavity just under the lips.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

DRUG
–Any substance that enters the human body and can change either the function or structure of
the human organism.
MEDICINES
– Drugs used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, and prevention of disease or for the relief of pain
or discomfort.
THREAPEUTICS
-Use of drugs in treating and preventing disease and in preserving health.
DRUG ABUSE
-Deliberate or unintentional continuous of mind changing chemical substances usually for
reasons other than legitimate medical purposes, that results in any degree of physical, mental.
ABSTINENCE
- Cessation of use of a psycho-active substance previously abused, or on which the user
developed drug dependence.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
-Term relates to physical or psychological dependence or both.
- Impaired control over drug-taking behavior is implied.
DRUG ADDICT
- Person who is physically dependent on one or more psycho-active substances, or whose long
term use has produce tolerance, who has lost control over his intake, and would manifest
withdrawal symptoms if discontinuance were to occur.

DRUG ADDICTION
-A chronic disorder characterized by the compulsive use of a substance resulting in physical,
psychological, or social harm to the user and continued use despite of that harm.
OVERDOSE

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- The inadvertent of deliberate consumption of much larger doses that the habitually used by the
individual in question and resulting in serious toxic reaction or death.
POLY DRUG ABUSE
- Use of two or more psycho-active substance in quantities and with frequencies that cause the
individual significant physiological, psychological, or sociological distress or impairment.
REHABILITATION
-Restoration of an optimum state of health by medical, physical, psychological, social and peer
group support for a chemically dependent person and his significant others.
TOLERANCE
-Physiological adaptation to the effects of drugs so as diminish the effects with constant dosages
or to maintain the intensity and duration of effects through increased dosage.
TREATMENT
-Application of planned procedures to identify and change patterns of behavior that are mal-
adoptive, destructive, health injuring or to restore appropriate levels of physical, psychological or
social functioning.
CLANDESTINE LABORATORY
-Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug.
CULTIVATE OR CULTURE
-Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising
of any plant which is source of a dangerous drug.
ADMINISTER
-Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her
knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means.
CHEMICAL DIVERSION
-Sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately imported, in transit, manufactured or
procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals.
DELIVER
-Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any
means, with or without consideration.
DEN, DIVE, RESORT
-Place where any dangerous drug and essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored for
illegal purposes.
DRUG SYNDICATE
-Any organized group of two or more persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed in RA 9165.

PRACTITIONER
-Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse, midwife,
veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.
ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING

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-Illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous drugs.
PLANTING OF EVIDENCE
-Willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act any dangerous drugs in the
person, house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of RA 9165.
PUSHER
-Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispense, delivers or gives away to another,
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker
USE
-Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming any dangerous drugs.
CONFINEMENT
- Refers to the residential treatment and rehabilitation of trainees, clients and patients in a center.
CONFIRMATORY TEST
- An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
CONTROLLED DELIVERY
-The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful consignment of any dangerous drug,
essential chemical to pass into, through out of the country under the supervision of an authorized
officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drug
related offense
DISPENSE
-Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without
the use of prescription.
DRUG DEPENDENT
-Refers to a person suffering from drug dependence
FINANCIER
- Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal
activities prescribed under RA 9165.
INSTRUMENT
- Anything that is used or intended to be used, in any manner, in the commission of illegal drug
trafficking or related offenses.

LABORATORY
-Refers to the facility of a private or government agency that is capable of testing a specimen to
determine the presence of dangerous drugs
PROTECTOR/CODDLER

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- Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided in RA 9165
and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the
escape of any person he/she knows or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of RA 9165 in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of
the violator.
SCREENING TEST
-A rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive result.
TRADING
-Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors
and essential chemicals using electronic devices, or acting as a broker in any such transactions
whether for money or any other consideration.

Classification of Drugs according to effect

1. Depressant - "downers" - a drug reducing functional or nervous activity. Lower the level
of arousal when taken.
2. Stimulants - "Uppers" - increase mental  and/or physical function. A substance that
raises the levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
3. Hallucinogens - "psychedelics" - a drug that causes hallucinations. Psychoactive drugs
that cause subjective change in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness.

3 Pronged Approached in the Solution of Drug Problems

  1. Law enforcement activities
  2. Preventive Drug Education and Information 
      program in school and in communities.
  3. Treatment and Rehabilitation programs for drug 
      dependent.
Commonly abused drugs:
1. Sedatives - are depressant drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
2. Stimulants - are drugs which increase alertness and activity such as amphetamine,
cocaine and caffeine.
3. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self awareness and
emotion.
4. Narcotics - drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. This includes opium and its
derivatives like morphine, codeine and heroin.
5. Solvents - volatile substances which are found to be the most commonly abused. 

Warning Signs of Commonly Abused Drugs

 
1. Marijuana
  glassy red eye
 loud talking

 inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness

 loss of interest, motivation
 weight gain or loss

  2. Depressant
  contracted pupils 
 drunk-like

 difficulty concentrating
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  clumsiness
 poor judgement

  3. Stimulants - ex. cocaine, amphetamines

  dilated pupils
 hyperactivity

 euphoria 
 irritability
 anxiety
 excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping
 may go long period of time without eating or sleeping
 weight loss
 dry mouth and nose

  4. Inhalants - ex. glues, aerosols, vapors

  watery eyes
 impaired vision, memory and thought

 secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth
 headaches and nausea
 appearance of intoxication
 drowsiness
 poor muscle control
 changes in appetite
 anxiety
 irritability
 lots of cans, aerosols in the trash

  5 . Hallucinogens - ex. LSD, PCP

  dilated pupils
 bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucination

 mood swings
 detachment from people
 absorption with self or other objects
 slurred speech
 confusion

  6. Heroin 
  contracted pupils
 no response of pupils to light

 needle marks
 sleeping at unusual time
 sweating
 vomiting
 coughing, shiffling
 twitching

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  loss of appetite

  7. Alcohol
  clumsiness
 difficulty walking

 slurred speech
 sleepiness
 poor judgment
 dilated pupils
 possession of false ID cards

  8. Tobacco/Nicotine
  smell of tobacco
 stained fingers or teeth

==================================================================

Overdose - An excessive dose of medicine or narcotic substance.

Substance abuse - Use of alcohol or drugs that results in adverse effects on the user.
Substance abuse is a major health and social problem in the United States among
adolescents.

Tolerance - A state that develops after long-term exposure to a drug. Metabolic tolerance
infers a faster removal and oxidation by the liver. Functional tolerance infers a change in
sensitivity of the organ to the effects of the drug. 

Chronic - Persistent, prolonged, repeated.

Chronic effect - A pathologic process caused by repeated exposures over a period of long
duration.

Chronic tolerance - The gradual decrease in degree of effect produced at the same blood
concentration in the course of repeated exposure to that drug.

ACTIVITIES- Please use attached activity papers.

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 MIDTERM EXAMINATION

1. What is the most commonly used illicit drug?

 Marijuana
 Heroin
 Ecstasy
 Cocaine

2. Which of these statements is true?

 Drugs enhance your creativity
 A drug may give you a temporary “high,” but when it wears off the crash is lower than
before
 Drugs will remove your fears and make life more pleasant
 It takes years to become dependent on drugs

3. Many users have reported getting hooked on which drug after the first time
they used it?
 LSD
 Ecstasy
 Marijuana
 Methamphetamine

4. What is meant by “tolerance” to a drug?

 A person has continual cravings for the drug
 Giving people the choice to take any drugs they wish
 More and more of the drug is needed to produce the same high
 The urge to try new types of drugs

5. What are some of the symptoms of drug dependence?

 Increased heart rate
 Depression and craving for more of the drug
 Loss of appetite
 Flashbacks
6. What does marijuana come from?
 A root
 A chemical
 A plant
 A mushroom

7. Which of the statements below is true?

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  Marijuana use makes people more eager to learn
 Marijuana contains over 400 chemicals
 Marijuana use helps athletes excel in sports
 Marijuana use increases a student’s chances of passing exams

8. How can the use of marijuana lead to harder drugs?

 People who use marijuana tend to experiment with other drugs
 Marijuana users need other drugs to enhance the effects of weed
 Because a marijuana user builds up a tolerance to marijuana, he or she seeks out stronger
drugs to reach the same degree of high
 A means of treating one’s addiction to marijuana is by taking other drugs

9. Some short-term effects of marijuana are:

 Loss of coordination and distortions in the sense of time, vision and hearing
 Improved academic achievement through increased memory and ability to solve problems
 Decreased risk of heart attack
 Improved endurance and physical performance in competition
10. Some long-term effects of marijuana are:
 Resistance to flu and common colds
 Damage to the lungs and the heart
 Increase in productivity and sense of self-fulfillment
 Anorexia and weight loss
11. Why is alcohol harder on teenagers than adults?
 Because they tend to drink more
 Because their bodies are still growing
 Because they are underage
 Because they can’t go to bars legally
12. A pregnant woman who drinks alcohol is likely to:
 Have a difficult pregnancy
 Have twins
 Give birth to a baby with facial abnormalities, growth retardation and brain damage
 Get divorced
13. When alcohol is taken with other drugs:
 It lessens the effects of the other drugs
 It is extremely dangerous and can be fatal
 It lessens the effects of alcohol
 It makes the effects of the other drugs last longer

14. Some short-term effects of drinking alcohol are:

 Loss of judgment and coordination, slurred speech, memory and comprehension loss
 Greater self-esteem and self-control
 Sharper perceptions and faster reaction time
 Engaging conversations
15. Some of the long-term effects of drinking alcohol are:
 An even-tempered, down-to-earth approach to life

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  Liver damage and increased risk of heart disease
 Obesity or extreme weight loss
 Greasy hair or baldness

16. What makes Ecstasy dangerous?

 It is made in unclean kitchen labs
 You never know what’s actually in the drug
 The different colors it comes in can be confusing
 It makes users dance all night
17. How dangerous is it to take Ecstasy while drinking alcohol?
 There is an increased risk of choking
 You might vomit
 You might fall asleep
 It can be deadly
18. Why do Ecstasy users risk death from dehydration (losing too much water
from the body)?
 Because it masks the natural alarm signals of the body which would alert the person to
dehydration
 Because they dance too much after taking the drug
 Because they don’t take enough breaks outside to get fresh air
 It stops the body from accepting water
19. What are some of the long-term effects of Ecstasy?
 Bloody nose
 Upset stomach
 Permanent brain damage and memory impairment
 Lung damage

20. What is the difference between cocaine and crack cocaine?

 Cocaine is short for crack cocaine
 They are exactly the same in every way
 They are exactly the same in every way
 Cocaine is the drug in powder form and crack is the same drug in a crystal form

21. Where does cocaine come from?

 A plant
 Man-made in a lab
 A mushroom
 A rock
22. What happens when someone comes down from a cocaine “high”?
 Nothing really happens
 They are really tired
 They become deeply depressed and may commit suicide
 They feel happy and calm

23. What are some of the short-term effects of cocaine?

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  Paranoia, anger, hostility and anxiousness, even when they aren’t high
 Restful sleep
 Intense happiness
 Decreased pulse and increased muscle tone

24. What does crystal meth look like?

 Small fragments of glass or shiny blue-white rocks
 Blue pills with cartoons on them
 A white powder that looks like flour
 A blue-green leafy plant

25. What are some street names for meth?

 Speed, Crank, Tina and Ice
 Rocks, Sugar, Charlie, Adam
 Ganja, Hard stuff, Lover’s drug
 Tab, Water, Bud, Dots

26. How many times does one need to use crystal meth before becoming
addicted to it?
 Between ten and twenty times
 People can take crystal meth as much as they want and won’t ever become addicted
 It takes three months of regular use to become addicted
 One can become addicted to crystal meth from the very first use

27. What are some of the short-term effects of meth?

 Disturbed sleep, hyperactivity and hallucinations
 Greater joy and increased trust in others
 Asthma and digestion problems
 Constant thirst

28. What are some of the long-term effects of methamphetamine?

 Fragile bones and muscle weakness
 Headaches and increased appetite
 Flu and allergies
 Brain damage and collapsed heart and blood vessels
29. Some ways that chemical inhalants affect the body are:
 Loss of hair and tooth decay
 Heart beats slower and more regularly
 Increase in muscle tone and strength
 Loss of sense of smell, nausea and nosebleeds, as well as liver, lungs and kidney
problems
30. What happens to a person’s heart rate after inhaling dangerous chemicals?
 It slows down
 It isn’t affected at all and doesn’t change
 The heart beats irregularly and more rapidly
 It beats more regularly

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