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Intelectual Revolution That Changed Worldview

Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the universe in the 16th century, placing the Sun at the center rather than the Earth. This contradicted the geocentric models of Ptolemy and Aristotle and triggered a major shift in the scientific worldview. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton further developed and validated the heliocentric model through observations and mathematical equations, establishing it as the dominant theory of the solar system. This Copernican Revolution marked the beginning of modern astronomy and a new era of scientific thought.

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438 views3 pages

Intelectual Revolution That Changed Worldview

Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the universe in the 16th century, placing the Sun at the center rather than the Earth. This contradicted the geocentric models of Ptolemy and Aristotle and triggered a major shift in the scientific worldview. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton further developed and validated the heliocentric model through observations and mathematical equations, establishing it as the dominant theory of the solar system. This Copernican Revolution marked the beginning of modern astronomy and a new era of scientific thought.

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INTELECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT

CHANGED WORLDVIEW

Copernican Revolution

Ptolemy (140 AD) – The geocentric model, also known as geocentrism was a
description of the universe with the earth as the center.
Anaximander (610-546 BC) – drew the first map of the world with the Earth taking
the shape of a cylinder floating in the center of the universe. He believed that the Sun and
Moon were hollow rings of fire and that eclipses were the result of these rings closing.
Pythagoras (570-495 BC) – a student of Anaximander, first to suggest that the Earth
was a sphere.
Plato (428-348 BC) – a famous student of Socrates and follower of the teachings of
Pythagoreans, he believed that the cosmos is made up of matter in geometric shape.
Aristotle (384-322 BC) – Earth was at the center of the universe with all other
celestial bodies arranged in concentric crystalline spheres around it.
Copernicus (1473-1543) – “Father of Modern Astronomy” formulated the
heliocentric model of the universe that triggered a major shift in worldview.

Copernican Heliocentrisim
Copernicus
-Attend the University of Krakow
- Studied astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and sciences.
-Apprentice of Domenico Maria de Novara
-Introduced him to studies on Johann Muller’s “Epitoma in Almagestum
Ptolemae (Epitome of Ptolemy’s Almagest) and Disputations adversus astrologiam
divinatricem (Disputations against Divinatory Astrology)
-The first book discusses the foundation of Ptolemy’s studies in astronomy
-Second book is about planetary models
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) – inspired by the Copernican model, he proposed
his own model, dubbed as geoheliocentrism or Tychonic System which combined the
Copernican and Ptolemaic systems.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) – proposed his laws of planetary motions in
1609, theory that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – fields of astronomy, cosmology, philosophy,
mathematics. Published a book that further reinforced the claim that the Earth orbited
around the Sun. He also became the first person to observe the craters of the moon
using the telescope, disproving the idea that it is a perfectly smooth sphere.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726) – First one to provide mathematics equations
that could prove what Copernicus, Brahe and Kepler to explain. In his work
Philosophioe Naturalis Principia Mathematica.

Scientific Revolution
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) – Who spread Copernicus’s theory of a
heliocentric and scientific universe.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - “Father of microbiology”, who
discovered Bacteria.
Robert Boyle (1627-1631) – “Father of Modern Chemistry”, for his extensive
experiment and use of scientific method.
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) – Supporter of the empirical method and
inductive reasoning.
Rene Descartes – French mathematician and philosopher who practiced
deductive reasoning and the scientific method in solving problems.

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