Sri Aurobindo College

MATLAB
Programming File

B.Sc.(H)Electronics

Submitted To: Submitted By:

SNO PROGRAM
.
1. DTFT of X[N]=(0.5)^N.U[N] using DTFT Formula.

2. DTFT of X[N]=(0.5)^N.U[N] using Frequency Function.

3. Frequency Response of a System

4. DTFT of Cosine Function.

5. Frequency Response of an Analog Signal.

6. Plot N-Point DFT and IDFT using in-built Function.

7. N-Point DFT and IDFT without using in-built Function.

8. Input and Output of First Order Difference Equation.

9. Impulse, Unit-Step & Ramp Function

10. Discrete Time Signals.

11. Convolution using 'conv' Function.

12. Convolution using Tabular Method

13. Z-Transform of Discrete Function

14. Low Pass Filter using FIR Rectangular Window Filter.

ROLL.NO.:9043/18

PROGRAM:01
AIM: Write a Program to find DTFT of x[N]= 0.5^NU[N] using
DTFT Formula
CODE:
OUTPUT:

RESULT:Hence,successfully plot DTFT by using

NAME:Jasvinder kour
ROLL.NO.:9043/18

PROGRAM:02
AIM: Write a Program to find DTFT of x[N]= 0.5^NU[N] using
frequency function.
CODE:
OUTPUT:

RESULT:Hence ,successfully plot DTFT using

ROLL.NO.:9043/18

PROGRAM:03
AIM: Write a Program to to plot the frequency response of a
system
CODE:
OUTPUT:

RESULT: HENCE, FREQUENCY RESPONSE GRAPH IS PLOTTED

         PROGRAM:04
AIM: PROGRAM TO FIND DTFT OF COSINE FUNCTIONS.
PROGRAM:
%Program to find DTFT of Cosine Function 
w = -pi:0.1:pi; 
N = 0:2:5; 
Xn = cos(pi*N/4); 
Xw = Xn*exp(-i*N'*w); 
abs(Xw); %Magnitude 
angle(Xw); %Phase 
real(Xw); %Real Part 
imag(Xw); %Imaginary Part 
subplot(2,2,1); 
plot(w,abs(Xw)); 
grid on; 
xlabel('\omega'); 
ylabel('Magnitude'); 
subplot(2,2,2); 
plot(w,angle(Xw)); 
grid on; 
xlabel('\omega'); 
ylabel('Magnitude'); 
subplot(2,2,3); 
plot(w,real(Xw)); 
grid on; 
xlabel('\omega'); 
ylabel('Real'); 
subplot(2,2,4); 
plot(w,imag(Xw)); 
grid on; 
xlabel('\omega'); 
ylabel('Imaginary');
OUTPUT:

CALCULATIONS:
Formula used – 
For Real: (𝝎) = 1 + 0.707(cos 𝝎 − 𝑗. sin 𝝎) − 0.707(cos 𝟑𝝎 − 𝑗. sin 𝟑𝝎)
−  (cos 𝟒𝝎 − 𝑗. sin 𝟒𝝎) − 0.707(cos 𝟓𝝎 − 𝑗. sin 𝟓𝝎) 
  
For Real: (𝝎) = 1 + 0.707(cos 𝝎 − cos 𝟑𝝎 − cos 𝟓𝝎) − cos 𝟒𝝎 
 
For Imaginary: (𝝎) = 0.707(sin 𝟑𝝎 + sin 𝟓𝝎 − sin 𝝎) + 𝑗. sin 𝟒𝝎 
Calculating Phase – 
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 = 𝒃 /𝒂

 
Calculating Magnitude – 
Magnitude 𝒃 𝟐

Result: Hence,Graph is Successfully plotted DTFT of Cosine Function. 

 PROGRAM:05
AIM: WRITE A PROGRAM TO PLOT FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A GIVEN
ANALOG SIGNAL.
PROGRAM:
%Program to plot Frequency Response of an Analog
Signal
Fs = 8000;
N = 1000;
n = 0:N-1;
Xn = cos(2000*pi*n/Fs);
Xw = exp((-i*2*pi/N)*n'*n);
Xk = Xn*Xw;
Xf = abs(Xk)/N;
f = n*Fs/N;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(f,Xf);
grid on;
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Normalized Magnitude');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f(1:N/2+1),Xf(1:N/2+1));
grid on;
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Normalized Magnitude');

CALCULATIONS:
X(t)=2*cos(2000*pi*t)
 Sampling rate, Fs=8000Hz;
 Frequency resolution , F=8Hz;
Number of data points , N=FsF =1000.
Now,
X(k) = ∑(n=0,N-1) x[n]*exp(-i*wo*kn) ,   { where, wo=2piN and k=0,1,…,N-1}
OUTPUT:

RESULT: HENCE, WE SUCESSFULLY PLOTTED FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A

    PROGRAM:06
AIM: WRITE A PROGRAM TO PLOT N-POINT DFT AND IDFT USING IN-BUILT
FUNCTION.
PROGRAM:
%DFT and IDFT using matlab functions
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x=input('Please enter the sequence x(n)=');
N=input('Please enter the length of the DFT N=');
X=fft(x,N);
n=0:length(x)-1;
subplot(311);
stem(n,x);
title('Input Sequence');
subplot(323);
n=0:length(X)-1;
stem(n,X);
disp('DFT of input sequence is ');
disp(X);
title('DFT');
subplot(324);
stem(n,abs(X));
title('Magnitude spectrum');
subplot(325);
stem(n,angle(X));
title('Phase spectrum');
xr=ifft(x,N);
subplot(326);
stem(n,abs(xr));
title('IDFT');
disp('IDFT of input sequence is ');
disp(xr);
 
OUTPUT:
GRAPH:

RESULT: HENCE, WE SUCCESSFULLY PLOT N-POINT DFT AND IDFT USING IN-
BUILT FUNCTION.
Name:Jasvinder kour
RollNo:9043/18 

     PROGRAM:07
AIM: WRITE A PROGRAM TO PLOT N-POINT DFT AND IDFT WITHOUT USING IN-BUILT FUNCTION.
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
N = input('Number of DFT points = ');
xn = input('Enter the sequence xn = ');  %Get the sequence from user
ln = length(xn);       %find the length of the sequence
xn = [xn zeros(1,N-ln)];
xk = zeros(1,N);  %initialize an array of same size as that of input
sequence
ixk = zeros(1,N); %initialize an array of same size as that of input
sequence
%code block to find the DFT of the sequence
for k = 0:N-1
for n = 0:N-1
xk(k+1) = xk(k+1)+(xn(n+1)*exp((-1i)*2*pi*k*n/N));
end
end
%code block to plot the input sequence
t = 0:N-1;
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(t,xn);
ylabel('Amplitude ---->');
xlabel('n ---->');
title('Input Sequence ---->');
grid on;
magnitude = abs(xk); %Find the magnitudes of individual DFT points
disp('DFT Sequence = ');
disp(magnitude);
%code block to plot the DFT sequence
t = 0:N-1;
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(t,magnitude);
ylabel('Amplitude ---->');
xlabel('K ---->');
title('DFT Sequence ---->');
grid on;
phase = angle(xk); %Find the phases of individual DFT points
disp('Phase = ');
disp(phase);
 %code block to plot the Phase Response
t = 0:N-1;
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(t,phase);
ylabel('Phase ---->');
xlabel('K ---->');
title('Phase Response');
grid on;
% Code block to find the IDFT of the sequence
for n = 0:N-1
for k = 0:N-1
 ixk(n+1) = ixk(n+1)+(xk(k+1)*exp(1i*2*pi*k*n/N));
end
end
ixk = ixk./N;
%code block to plot the IDFT sequence
t = 0:N-1;
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(t,ixk);
disp('IDFT Sequence = ');
disp(ixk);
ylabel('Amplitude ---->');
xlabel('n ---->');
title('IDFT sequence ---->');
grid on;

OUTPUT:

Number of DFT points = 4

Phase = 
         0   -0.7854   -1.5708    0.7854
IDFT Sequence = 
   1.0000 - 0.0000i   1.0000 + 0.0000i  -0.0000 + 0.0000i   
0.0000 + 0.0000i

GRAPH:
RESULT: HENCE,SUCCESSFULLUY PLOT N-POINT DFT AND IDFT WITHOUT USING IN-
BUILT FUNCTION.
Name: Jasvinder kour

Roll No:9043/18

                                                                       PROGRAM:08
AIM: WRITE A PROGRAM TO PLOT INPUT AND OUTPUT OF FIRST ORDER DIFFERENCE
EQUATIONS.

PROGRAM:
n = -1:10;
a = [8 -2 -1];   % left hand side of difference equation
b = [1 1 0];  % right hand side of difference equation
yi = [1 0];
xi = 0;
x=2*n;
zi = filtic(b,a,yi,xi)
y = filter(b,a,2*n,zi)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(n,y)
xlabel('--------n----------->')
ylabel('-------Values------->')
title(' Plot of output signal y over the range from n=-1 to n=10')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(n,x)
xlabel('--------n----------->')
ylabel('-------Values------->')
title(' Plot of input signal x over the range from n=-1 to n=10')
 
OUTPUT:
GRAPH:

RESULT:  HENCE ,PLOT  OF INPUT AND OUTPUT OF FIRST ORDER DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
 NAME: Jasvinder kour

ROLL.NO:9043/18

PRATICAL:09
AIM: To generate Impulse, Unit-Step & Ramp Function.
Impulse function
unit step function
rampfunction
CODES:
1.
Input: output:

2.
Input: output:
3.
Input: output:

RESULT: Hence,successfully generate Impulse, Unit-Step & Ramp

ROLL.NO:9043/18

PRATICAL:10
AIM:Generation of different discrete time signals.
sine wave
cos wave
sine wave using sampling
cos wave using sampling
exponential increasing and decreasing
multiplication function

CODE:
1.
Input: output:

2.
Input: output:

3.
Input: output:

4.
Input: output:

5.
Input: output:

6.
Input: output:

RESULT:hence,successfully generated all basic DTS programs by using

NAME: Jasvinder kour

PRATICAL:11
AIM: Program for Convolution of 2 signals using inbuilt function
'conv'.
CODES:

OUTPUT:
RESULT: Convolution has been successfully implemented using ‘conv’
Function.
 NAME: Jasvinder kour

ROLL.NO:9043/18

PRATICAL:12
AIM: Progrgam to find convolution using for loop.
CODES:

OUTPUT:
RESULT:Hence,successfully find out convolution using for loop.

NAME: Jasvinder kour

PRATICAL:13
AIM: Program to find z transform of discrete series.
CODES:
Input:

OUTPUT:

RESULT: hence,successfully done z-transformation by using matlab.

PRATICAL:14
AIM:
CODES:
Input:

OUTPUT:

RESULT: hence,successfully