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Drones For Agriculture: Prepare and Design Your Drone (Uav) Mission

Drones can help address problems in agriculture caused by climate change using remote sensing technology. Drones equipped with cameras can image and map fields to monitor crops and analyze factors like temperature, pathogens, and moisture. Remote sensing uses different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, beyond what is visible, to measure reflected light signatures from materials. High resolution data over time helps detect changes. Lower-cost drones come in different types with batteries, cameras, and sensors for remote measurements to support precision agriculture and population growth.

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Rizki Abirawa
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79 views20 pages

Drones For Agriculture: Prepare and Design Your Drone (Uav) Mission

Drones can help address problems in agriculture caused by climate change using remote sensing technology. Drones equipped with cameras can image and map fields to monitor crops and analyze factors like temperature, pathogens, and moisture. Remote sensing uses different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, beyond what is visible, to measure reflected light signatures from materials. High resolution data over time helps detect changes. Lower-cost drones come in different types with batteries, cameras, and sensors for remote measurements to support precision agriculture and population growth.

Uploaded by

Rizki Abirawa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DRONES FOR

AGRICULTURE
PREPARE AND DESIGN YOUR
DRONE (UAV) MISSION
AGRICULTURE PROBLEMS BY CLIMATE CHANGE

 Increasing temperature

 Rise of the new pathogens

 Infections spreading faster

Productivity will be compromised and cannot catch up with population growth


(In 2050 -> 10 BILLION PEOPLE)
SOLUTION

 Prediction

 Remote-sensing technology and Artificial Intelligence


WHY DRONES?

Crop/Field:
 Imaging

 Mapping

 Monitoring

 Analysis
REMOTE SENSING WITH DRONES

 Remote sensing is the science of acquiring information about the earth's surface without actually being in
contact with it.

1. In this process, the sun is acting as the source of light. The


light is travelling from the sun through the atmosphere and
interacting with the earth’s surface.
2. A camera under the drone is sensing and recording the
reflected light.
3. Afterwards the resulting image is processed and analysed
using a computer and transformed to a map.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

 The EM spectrum refers to the entire range of light


which can be measured by cameras and sensors.

 There are parts of the EM spectrum which you


cannot see with your eyes, but with specifically
designed cameras, can be captured and
“measured”.

This way, what is invisible to the human eye


becomes visible in camera images.
Visible light has a wavelength between 400 and 700 nm;
Infrared part with a wavelength between 700 and 2500 nm is
an important region for remote sensing;
Also the microwave region, is used for remote sensing of
moisture in soil and vegetation;
SPECTRAL SIGNATURE

 The spectral properties of the materials determine how light is reflected in different parts of the EM spectrum.

In remote sensing you measure the amount of reflected light or reflectance as a function of wavelength. The
resulting spectral reflectance curve is called the spectral signature.

Reflectance is indicated on the y-axis and can have two ranges: between 0 and 1 or between 0 and 100%. Both
ranges are used in practice.
RESOLUTION

1. Spatial resolution refers to the size of one pixel on the ground of the image acquired with a drone.
High spatial resolution = Small pixel size -> More details in an image (More data storage!).
RESOLUTION

2. Spectral resolution: how many spectral bands are measured by a camera and at which wavelength these
bands are located.
As shown in the figure below, this camera measures in three spectral bands in the visible part of the spectrum
for the red, green and blue band. A multi-spectral camera measures in more bands and also includes bands in
the near-infrared wavelengths.
RESOLUTION

3. Temporal resolution refers to how often an image of the same area or field is collected.

When you have more frequent images, changes over time can be detected in more detail. For example,
drought effects for an agricultural field with plants drying out during a period without rainfall.
DRONES
DRONES -> “FLY ING AT LOWER COST”

Factors:
1. Battery

2. Flight range

3. Number of motors

4. Camera (RGB, Multi-spectral, Thermal) + Sensors

5. Weight

6. Size

7. Take-off and Landing area

8. Type of Drones (Fixed-wing/Airplane vs. Multi-rotor/Helicopter)


MAIN COMPONENTS OF A
DRONE SYSTEM
Drone, remote control, ground control
station (tablet) and drone battery
Example of status and flight
information presented on screen
of ground control station
Batteries
The main type of batteries used for drones are Lithium Polymer (LiPo):
✓ Rechargeable
✓ High Electrical Discharge
✓ Weighs relatively little

Attention: overcharging, over-heating, short circuit, and physical damaging


may result in catastrophic failure, including expanding or breaking packaging,
electrolyte leaking, and fire.

Global Positioning System (GPS)


The GPS data is used to create a flight log, storing the coordinates of the flight.
In addition, this location data is used for real-time tracking of the drone on the map shown on the
ground control station.
DRONE TYPES

Multi-rotor Drone Fixed-wing Drone


DRONE TYPES: +/-
CAMERAS
CAMERAS
SENSORS

Sensors are also available for point measurements of particles


in the air or in water
The sensors are positioned under the drone and by flying
around samples are taken at regular intervals. From this
concentration, maps can be derived.

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