DESIGNING OF SLAB (Roof Deck) a.

Concrete not exposed to weather or

in contact with ground
Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40
mm
ONE LONG EDGE DISCONTINUOUS Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20
mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS:
Clear covering = 20 mm
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
Assume Tension Controlled
fy = 276 Mpa
Ф = 0.9
3
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m
β = 0.85
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )

Ceiling:

Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa

L 5
= =1<2.0
Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa S 5
Solar Panel w/ stand = .2 kPa

LIVELOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 ) ∴ two way slab

Rain load = 1kPa where:

Roof deck load = 1.9kPa ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to

flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded
Slab - 7:
laterally by centre lines of adjacent panels
(if any) on each side of the beam

Ecb and Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity

of beam and slab that is usually the same
Ib and Is: Moment of inertia of beam and
slab respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s

Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1
NSCP) Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm

Page | 1
Assume slab thickness = 125 mm 276
For Short Span h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 )
1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
d
125 mm
α 1=1.966
40 mm

For Long Span

h=¿ 122.53 mm say 125 mm
1 Assuming 12 mm φ bar
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12

α 1=1.966
d=125−40−6
1.966+1.966
α fm= d¿ 79 mm
2
Load Combinations:
α fm=1.138
Considering 1 m strip
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2)
SELFWEIGHT
0.22<α fm <2.0
DL=(0.125) ( 1 ) (23.54)
fy DL=2.943 kN /m
h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) Kn Kn Kn Kn
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 ) Total DL=2.943 +.1 +.16 +.2
m m m m
but not less than 125 mm Kn
Total DL=3.403
where: m

l n = length of clear span in long direction of Kn Kn

¿=1 +1.9
two-way slab m m

Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to- Kn

¿=2.9
short direction of two-way slabs m

fy Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) Wu=1.2 ( 3.403 )+ 1.6 ( 2.9 )
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
Kn
Wu=8.7236
5 m
β= =1
5
Moment Coefficient

Page | 2
 s 5 ¿ ( 0.028 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 5 )
2
m¿ l = 5 =1
−M aLL =3.248 kN −m

−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL )

¿ 2.0418+3.248
Calculation of Negative Moments At
Continuous End −M aT =5.2898 kN−m
@ 5m (Along long direction)
−M a=−C a W u La2 +Cb DL=¿ 0.023
−C a=0.033 +Cb¿ =¿ 0.030
kN −Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)
2
W u =8.7236
m
¿ ( 0.023 ) ( 1.2× 3.403 )( 5 )2
La=5 m
−Mb DL =2.348 kN −m
kN
−M a=( 0.033 ) (8.7236 ) ( 5 )2
m −Mb ¿=(+Cb¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2
−M a=7.197 kN .m ¿ ( 0.030 ) ( 1.6 ×2.9 ) ( 5 )
2

@ 5m −Mb ¿=3.48 kN −m
−C b=0.061 −M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ )
−M b=−C b w u Lb2 ¿ 2.348+3.48

¿ 0.061(8.7236) ¿ −M b=5.828 kN −m

−M b=13.3 kN −m
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
Positive Moments:
(Along short direction)
(Along Short Direction)

+Ca DL=0.020 1. Mid-Span

+Ca¿ =0.028 + M a=∅ b d2 Rn

−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2 5.2898 ¿

Rn =0.92
¿ ( 0.020 ) ( 1.2× 3.403 )( 5 )2
2.37( Rn )
−M aDL=2.0418 kN−m

−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La) 2 ω=

√
1− 1−
1.18
fc '

Page | 3
 2.37(0.92) A s=0.00507(1000)(79)

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
A s=400.53 mm 2

ω=0.04587 Use 12 mm Ф bar

ρfy A1 ×1000
ω= S=
f c' As

ρ ( 276 ) π (122)
0.04587= × 1000
20.7 4
S=
400.53
ρ=0.00344
S=282.37 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .
Computation of ρmin
Check spacing:
f c ' but not less than 1.4
ρmin =√ max s = 3t
4 fy fy

20.7 max s = 3( 125)

ρmin = √
4 (276 ) max s¿ 375 mm>250 mm
ρmin =0.00412 ∴ ok !
1.4
ρmin =
fy
1.4
ρmin =
276
2. Discontinuous Edge
ρmin =0.00507
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span
Use ρmin = 0.00507 (moment is only 1/3 of mid-span)

0.3643 βf c' S=3(200)

ρmax =
fy
S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
ρmax = Check spacing:
276
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
ρmax ¿ 0.023
2t = 2(125) = 250 mm
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
∴Max S = 250 mm
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
600>250
A s=ρbd
∴ Use S=250 mm O. C .

Page | 4
 S=282.37

Say S=250 mmO . C .

Check spacing :
3. Continuous Edge
max s = 2t
2
−M a=∅ b d Rn
max s = 2( 125)
(7.197)¿ max s¿ 250 mm ≥250 mm
Rn =1.246 ∴ ok !

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(1.246)
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Assume steel yields:

ω=0.06277
Asfy
a=
ρfy 0.85 fc ’ b
ω=
f c' 400.53(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
ρ ( 276 )
0.06277=
20.7 a=6.283 mm
ρ=0.00471< ρmin a=βc

∴Use ρ = 0.00507 6.283=0.85 c

A s=ρbd c=7.392
Check strain
A s=0.00507(1000)(79)
∈ t 0.003
=
A s=400.53 mm 2 d−c c

Using 12 mm Ф bar ∈t 0.003

=
79−7.392 7.392
A1 ×1000
S= ϵt =0.0291>0.00138
As
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
π (12)2
× 1000 ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
4
S=
400.53

Page | 5
∴ assumptions are correct A1 ×1000
S=
As

π (122)
× 1000
4
S=
400.53
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
S=282.37 mm
(Along long direction)
Say S=250 mmO . C .

1. Mid-Span Check spacing:

+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn max s = 2t

5.828 ¿ max s = 2( 125)

Rn =1.013 max s¿ 250 mm ≥250 mm

2.37( Rn ) ∴ ok !

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc ' 2. Discontinuous Edge
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan
2.37(1.013) (moment is only 1/3 of midspan)

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
S=3(200)

S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)

ω=0.0507
Check spacing:
ρfy
ω= '
fc Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm

ρ ( 276 ) 2t = 2(125) = 250 mm

0.0507=
20.7 ∴Max S = 250 mm
ρ=0.0038< ρmin 600>250
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507 ∴ Use S=250 mm O. C .
A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(79) 3. Continuous Edge

A s=400.53 mm 2 −M b=∅ b d 2 Rn
Use 12 mm Ф bar 13.3 ¿
Rn =2.304

Page | 6
 2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(2.304)
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7 Assume steel yields:

Asfy
a=
ω=0.12 0.85 fc ’ b

ρfy 711 (276)

ω= a=
f c' 0.85(20.7)(1000)

ρ ( 276 ) a=11.153 mm
0.12=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.009> ρmin
11.153=0.85 c
∴Use ρ = 0.009 c=13.12 mm
A s=ρbd Check strain
A s=0.009(1000)(79) ∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
A s=711 mm2
∈t 0.003
Using 12 mm Ф bar =
79−13.12 13.12
A1 ×1000 ϵt =0.01506
S=
As
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
2
π (12)
× 1000 ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
4
S=
711 ∴ assumptions are correct
S=159.07 mm
Say S=150 mmO . C .
Check spacing of rebars

max s = 2t

max s = 2( 125)

max s¿ 250 mm>150 mm

∴ ok !

Page | 7
Page | 8
 Minimum Clear Cover: (Table 420.6.1.3.1
NSCP)
DESIGNING OF SLAB(Roof Deck)
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or
TWO ADJACENT EDGES in contact with ground
DISCONTINUOUS Φ42 mm and 58 mm bars ………40
mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS: Φ36 mm bars and smaller ……..20
mm
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
Clear covering = 20 mm
fy = 276 Mpa
Assume Tension Controlled
3
Wc = 23.54 Kn/m
Ф = 0.9
DEADLOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )
β = 0.85
Ceiling:

Suspended Steel Channel = .10 kPa

Gypsum Board(20mm) = .16 kPa

L 5
= =1<2.0
Solar Panel w/stand = .2 kPa S 5
LIVELOAD: ( NSCP, Table 204-2 )

Rain load = 1kPa ∴ two way slab

Roof deck load = 1.9kPa where:

Slab - 8: ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to

flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded
laterally by centre lines of adjacent panels
(if any) on each side of the beam

Ecb and Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity

of beam and slab that is usually the same
Ib and Is: Moment of inertia of beam and
slab respectively.

∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel

Eeb I b
α=
Ees I s

Assumed Beam Sections:

Beam 1 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 2 = 300mm x 400mm

Beam 3 = 300mm x 400mm

Page | 9
Beam 4 = 300mm x 400mm 5
β= =1
5
Assume slab thickness = 125 mm

For Short Span

1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
d
α 1=1.966 125 mm

40 mm

For Long Span

276
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)(
1
12
)(0.3) ¿ ¿
h=
(
(5) ( 1000 ) 0.8+
1400 )
36 +5 ( 1 )( 1.138−0.2 )
α 1=1.966
h=¿ 122.53 mm say 125 mm
1.966+1.966
α fm=
2
Assuming 12 mm φ bar
α fm=1.966
d=125−40−6
(NSCP Table 408.3.1.2)
d¿ 79 mm
0.22<α fm <2.0
Load Combinations:
fy

h=
(
l n 0.8+
1400 ) Considering 1 m strip

SELFWEIGHT
36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 )
DL=(0.125) ( 1 ) (23.54)
but not less than 125 mm
DL=2.943 kN /m
where:
Kn Kn Kn Kn
l n = length of clear span in long direction of Total DL=2.943 +.1 +.16 +.2
m m m m
two-way slab
Kn
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to- Total DL=3.403
m
short direction of two-way slabs
Kn Kn
f ¿=1 +1.9

h=
(
l n 0.8+ y
1400 ) m m

36 +5 β ( α fm−0.2 ) Kn
¿=2.9
m
Wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿

Page | 10
 2
Wu=1.2 ( 3.403 )+ 1.6 ( 2.9 ) ¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 3.403 ) (5 )
Kn −M aDL=2.756 kN−m
Wu=8.7236
m
−M aLL =(+Ca¿ )(W ¿ )(La)2
Moment Coefficient
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 2.9 ) (5 )2
s 5
m¿ l = 5 =1 −M aLL =3.712 kN−m

−M aT =(−M a ) + (−M aLL )

Calculation of Negative Moments At ¿ 2.756+3.712
Continuous End
−M aT =6.468 kN−m
@ 5m
(Along long direction)
−M a=−C a W u La2
+Cb DL=¿ 0.027
−C a=0.05
+Cb¿ =¿ 0.032
kN
W u =8.7236
m −Mb DL =(+Cb DL )(W DL )(Lb)2
La=5 m ¿ ( 0.027 ) ( 1.2× 3.403 ) (5 )
2

kN −Mb DL =2.756 kN −m
−M a=( 0.05 ) (8.7236 ) ( 5 )2
m
−Mb ¿=(+Cb ¿ )(W ¿ )( Lb )2
−M a=10.905 kN . m
¿ ( 0.032 ) ( 1.6× 2.9 ) (5 )2
@ 5m

−C b=0.050 −Mb ¿=3.712 kN −m

−M b=( −Mb DL ) +(−Mb¿ )

−M b=−C b w u Lb2
¿ 2.756+3.712
¿ 0.05( 8.7236)¿
−M b=6.468 kN−m
−M b=10.905 kN −m

Positive Moments:
Computation of spacing of re-bars:
(Along Short Direction)
(Along short direction)
+Ca DL=0.027
1. Mid-Span
+Ca¿ =0.032
+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn
−M DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )(La )2
6.468 ¿

Page | 11
Rn =1.122 ρ< ρ min < ρmax

2.37( Rn ) ∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc ' A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(79)
2.37(1.122)
ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
20.7 A s=400.53 mm 2

Use 12 mm Ф bar
ω=0.0563
A1 ×1000
S=
ρfy As
ω=
f c'
π (122)
ρ ( 276 ) × 1000
0.0563= 4
20.7 S=
400.53
ρ=0.004223 S=282.37 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .
Computation of ρmin Check spacing:

√ f c ' but not less than 1.4 max s = 2t

ρmin =
4 fy fy
max s = 2( 125)
20.7
ρmin = √ max s¿ 250 mm ≥250 mm
4 (276 )
ρmin =0.00412 ∴ ok !

1.4
ρmin =
fy
1.4
ρmin =
276
ρmin =0.00507
2. Discontinuous Edge
Use ρmin = 0.00507
Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span
' (moment is only 1/3 of mid-span)
0.3643 βf c
ρmax =
fy S=3(200)
0.3643(0.85)(20.7) S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code)
ρmax =
276
Check spacing:
ρmax ¿ 0.023
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm

Page | 12
 2t = 2(125) = 250 mm π (12)2
× 1000
∴Max S = 250 mm 4
S=
575.91
600>250
S=196.38
∴ Use S=250 mm O. C .
Say S=150 mmO . C .

Check spacing :

max s = 2t
3. Continuous Edge max s = 2( 125)

−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn max s¿ 250 mm>150 mm

∴ ok !
(10.905)¿

Rn =1.889

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

ω=1− √ 1−2.37 ¿¿ ¿ ¿
Assume steel yields:
ω=0.0972 Asfy
a=
ρfy 0.85 fc ’ b
ω=
f c' 575.91(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)
ρ ( 276 )
0.0972=
20.7 a=9.034 mm

ρ=0.00729> ρmin a=βc

∴Use ρ = 0.00729 9.034=0.85 c

c=10.63
A s=ρbd
Check strain
A s=0.00729(1000)(79)
∈ t 0.003
=
A s=575.91 mm 2 d−c c

Using 12 mm Ф bar
∈t 0.003
=
79−10.63 10.63
A1 ×1000
S= ϵt =0.0193>0.00138
As

Page | 13
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) 20.7
ρmin = √
4 (276 )
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )
ρmin =0.00412
∴ assumptions are correct
1.4
ρmin =
fy
1.4
ρmin =
276
Computation of spacing of re-bars: ρmin =0.00507
(Along long direction) Use ρmin = 0.00507

0.3643 βf c'
ρmax =
1. Mid-Span fy
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn ρmax =
276
6.468 ¿
ρmax ¿ 0.023
Rn =1.122
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
A s=ρbd

2.37(1.122) A s=0.00507(1000)(79)

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
A s=400.53 mm 2

ω=0.0563 Use 12 mm Ф bar

ρfy A1 ×1000
ω= S=
f c' As

ρ ( 276 ) π (122)
0.0563= × 1000
20.7 4
S=
400.53
ρ=0.004223
S=282.37 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .
Computation of ρmin
Check spacing:
f c' 1.4
ρmin =√ but not less than max s = 3t
4 fy fy
max s = 3( 150)

Page | 14
max s¿ 450 mm> 250 mm ρfy
ω=
f c'
∴ ok !
ρ ( 276 )
0.0972=
20.7

ρ=0.00729> ρmin

∴Use ρ = 0.00729
2. Discontinuous Edge A s=ρbd
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan
A s=0.00729(1000)(79)
(moment is only 1/3 of midspan)

S=3(200) A s=575.91 mm2

S=600 mm>50 mm( ACI code) Using 12 mm Ф bar

Check spacing: A1 ×1000

S=
Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm As

2t = 2(125) = 250 mm π (12)2

× 1000
∴Max S = 250 mm 4
S=
575.91
600>250
S=196.38
∴ Use S=250 mm O. C .
Say S=150 mmO . C .

Check spacing :
3. Continuous Edge
max s = 2t
2
−M b=∅ b d Rn
max s = 2( 125)
(10.905)¿ max s¿ 250 mm>150 mm

Rn =1.889 ∴ ok !

2.37( Rn )

ω=
√
1− 1−
1.18
fc '

ω=1− √ 1−2.37 ¿¿ ¿ ¿

ω=0.0972
Assume steel yields:

Page | 15
 Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b

575.91(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)

a=9.034 mm
a=βc
9.034=0.85 c
c=10.63
Check strain

∈ t 0.003
=
d−c c
∈t 0.003
=
79−10.63 10.63
ϵt =0.0193>0.00138

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )

ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )

∴ assumptions are correct

Page | 16
Page | 17