To be sure, 

barangays play a significant role in national efforts to achieve economic

progress and improve political and social conditions. The holding of barangayassemblies is
imperative as it is a way of helping the national government attain its goals.

A collection of Philippine laws, statutes and codes

not included or cited in themain indices
of the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library
This page features the full text of
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

  

Read in one webpage the full text of:

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

  
 
  
  

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE

OF THE PHILIPPINES
BOOK III
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
TITLE ONE. - THE BARANGAY
CHAPTER 1 - ROLE AND CREATION OF THE BARANGAY

SEC. 384. Role of the Barangay. - As the basic political unit, the barangay
serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies,
plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum
wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and
considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.
SEC. 385. Manner of Creation. - A barangay may be created, divided, merged,
abolished, or its boundary substantially altered, by law or by an ordinance of
the sangguniang panlalawigan or sangguniang panlungsod, subject to approval
by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be conducted by the Comelec
in the local government unit or units directly affected within such period of time
as may be determined by the law or ordinance creating said barangay. In the
case of the creation of barangays by the sangguniang panlalawigan, the
recommendation of the sangguniang bayan concerned shall be necessary. cralaw
SEC. 386. Requisites for Creation. - (a) A barangay maybe created out of a
contiguous territory which has apopulation of at least two thousand (2,000)
inhabitants ascertified by the National Statistics Office except in cities and
municipalities within Metro Manila and other metropolitan political subdivisions
or in highly urbanized cities where such territory shall have a certified
population of at least five thousand (5,000) inhabitants: Provided, That the
creation thereof shall not reduce the population of the original barangay or
barangays to less than the minimum requirement prescribed herein. cralaw

To enhance the delivery of basic services in the indigenous cultural

communities, barangays may be created in such communities by an Act of
Congress, notwithstanding the above requirement. cralaw

(b) The territorial jurisdiction of the new barangay shall be properly identified
by metes and bounds or by more or less permanent natural boundaries. The
territory need not be contiguous if it comprises two (2) or more islands. cralaw

(c) The governor or city mayor may prepare a consolidation plan for barangays,
based on the criteria prescribed in this Section, within his territorial jurisdiction.
The plan shall be submitted to the sangguniang panlalawigan or sangguniang
panlungsod concerned for appropriate action. In the case of municipalities
within the Metropolitan Manila area and other metropolitan political
subdivisions, the barangay consolidation plan shall be prepared and approved
by the sangguniang bayan concerned. 
CHAPTER 2 - BARANGAY OFFICIALS AND OFFICES
SEC. 387. Chief Officials and Offices. - (a) There shall be in each barangay a
punong barangay, seven (7) sangguniang barangay members, the sangguniang
kabataan chairman, a barangay secretary, and a barangay treasurer.
(b) There shall also be in every barangay a lupong tagapamayapa. The
sangguniang barangay may form community brigades and create such other
positions or offices as may be deemed necessary to carry out the purposes of
the barangay government in accordance with the needs of public service,
subject to the budgetary limitations on personal services prescribed under Title
Five, Book II of this Code.cralaw

SEC. 388. Persons in Authority. - For purposes of the Revised Penal Code, the
punong barangay, sangguniang barangay members, and members of the
lupong tagapamayapa in each barangay shall be deemed as persons in
authority in their jurisdictions, while other barangay officials and members who
may be designated by law or ordinance and charged with the maintenance of
public order, protection and security of life and property, or the maintenance of
a desirable and balanced environment, and any barangay member who comes
to the aid of persons in authority, shall be deemed agents of persons in
authority. 
CHAPTER 3 - THE PUNONG BARANGAY

SEC. 389. Chief Executive: Powers, Duties, and Functions. - (a) The punong
barangay, as the chief executive of the barangay government, shall exercise
such powers and perform such duties and functions, as provided by this Code
and other laws.
(b) For efficient, effective and economical governance, the purpose of which is
the general welfare of the barangay and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16
of this Code, the punong barangay shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Enforce all laws and ordinances which are applicable within the barangay;
(2) Negotiate, enter into, and sign contracts for and in behalf of the barangay,
upon authorization of the sangguniang barangay;
(3) Maintain public order in the barangay and, in pursuance thereof, assist the
city or municipal mayor and the sanggunian members in the performance of
their duties and functions;
(4) Call and preside over the sessions of the sangguniang barangay and the
barangay assembly, and vote only to break a tie; (5) Upon approval by a
majority of all the members of the sangguniang barangay, appoint or replace
the barangay treasurer, the barangay secretary, and other appointive barangay
officials;
(6) Organize and lead an emergency group whenever the same may be
necessary for the maintenance of peace and order or on occasions of
emergency or calamity within the barangay;
(7) In coordination with the barangay development council, prepare the annual
executive and supplemental budgets of the barangay;
(8) Approve vouchers relating to the disbursement of barangay funds;
(9) Enforce laws and regulations relating to pollution control and protection of
the environment;
(10) Administer the operation of the Katarungang Pambarangay in accordance
with the provisions of this Code;
(11) Exercise general supervision over the activities of the sangguniang
kabataan;
(12) Ensure the delivery of basic services as mandated under Section 17 of this
Code;
(13) Conduct an annual palarong barangay which shall feature traditional sports
and disciplines included in national and international games, in coordination
with the Department of Education, Culture and Sports;
(14) Promote the general welfare of the barangay; and  cralaw

(15) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions
as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) In the performance of his peace and order functions, the punong barangay
shall be entitled to possess and carry the necessary firearm within his territorial
jurisdiction, subject to appropriate rules and regulations. 
CHAPTER 4 - THE SANGGUNIANG BARANGAY
SEC. 390. Composition. - The sangguniang barangay, the legislative body of
the barangay, shall be composed of the punong barangay as presiding officer,
and the seven (7) regular sangguniang barangay members elected at large and
sangguniang kabataan chairman, as members.
SEC. 391. Powers, Duties, and Functions. - (a) The sangguniang barangay, as
the legislative body of the barangay, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Enact ordinances as may be necessary to discharge the responsibilities

conferred upon it by law or ordinance and to promote the general welfare of the
inhabitants therein;
(2) Enact tax and revenue ordinances, subject to the limitations imposed in this
Code;
(3) Enact annual and supplemental budgets in accordance with the provisions
of this Code;
(4) Provide for the construction and maintenance of barangay facilities and
other public works projects chargeable to the general fund of the barangay or
such other funds actually available for the purpose;
(5) Submit to the sangguniang panlungsod or sangguniang bayan such
suggestions or recommendations as it may see fit for the improvement of the
barangay or for the welfare of the inhabitants thereof;
(6) Assist in the establishment, organization, and promotion of cooperative
enterprises that will improve the economic condition and well-being of the
residents;
(7) Regulate the use of multi-purpose halls, multi- purpose pavements, grain or
copra dryers, patios and other post-harvest facilities, barangay waterworks,
barangay markets, parking areas or other similar facilities constructed with
government funds within the jurisdiction of the barangay and charge
reasonable fees for the use thereof;
(8) Solicit or accept monies, materials and voluntary labor for specific public
works and cooperative enterprises of the barangay from residents, land owners,
producers and merchants in the barangay; monies from grants-in-aid,
subsidies, contributions, and revenues made available to the barangays from
national, provincial, city or municipal funds; and monies from other private
agencies and individuals: Provided, however, That monies or properties
donated by private agencies and individuals for specific purposes shall accrue to
the barangay as trust fund;
(9) Solicit or accept, in any or all the foregoing public works and cooperative
enterprises, such cooperation as is made available by national, provincial, city,
or municipal agencies established by law to render financial, technical, and
advisory assistance to barangays and to barangay residents: Provided,
however, That in soliciting or accepting such cooperation, the sangguniang
barangay need not pledge any sum of money for expenditure in excess of
amounts currently in the barangay treasury or encumbered for other purposes;
(10) Provide compensation, reasonable allowances or per diems as well as
travel expenses for sangguniang barangay members and other barangay
officials, subject to the budgetary limitations prescribed under Title Five, Book
II of this Code: Provided, however, That no increase in the com- pensation or
honoraria of the sangguniang barangay members shall take effect until after
the expiration of the full term of all members of the sangguniang barangay
approving such increase;
(11) Hold fund-raising activities for barangay projects without the need of
securing permits from any national or local office or agency. The proceeds from
such activities shall be tax-exempt and shall accrue to the general fund of the
barangay: Provided, That in the appropriation thereof, the specific purpose for
which such fund-raising activity has been held shall be first satisfied: Provided,
further, That no fund-raising activities shall be held within a period of sixty (60)
days immediately preceding and after a national or local election, recall,
referendum, or plebiscite: Provided, finally, That said fund-raising activities
shall comply with national policy standards and regulations on morals, health,
and safety of the persons participating therein. The sangguniang barangay,
through the punong barangay, shall render a public accounting of the funds
raised at the completion of the project for which the fund-raising activity was
under- taken;
(12) Authorize the punong barangay to enter into contracts in behalf of the
barangay, subject to the provisions of this Code; (13) Authorize the barangay
treasurer to make direct purchases in an amount not exceeding One thousand
pesos (P1,000.00) at any one time for the ordinary and essential administrative
needs of the barangay;
(14) Prescribe fines in amounts not exceeding One thousand pesos (P1,000.00)
for violation of barangay ordinances;
(15) Provide for the administrative needs of the lupong tagapamayapa and the
pangkat ng tagapagkasundo;
(16) Provide for the organization of community brigades, barangay tanod, or
community service units as may be necessary;
(17) Organize regular lectures, programs, or fora on community problems such
as sanitation, nutrition, literacy, and drug abuse, and convene assemblies to
encourage citizen participation in government;
(18) Adopt measures to prevent and control the proliferation of squatters and
mendicants in the barangay;
(19) Provide for the proper development and welfare of children in the
barangay by promoting and supporting activities for the protection and total
development of children, particularly those below seven (7) years of age;
(20) Adopt measures towards the prevention and eradication of drug abuse,
child abuse, and juvenile delinquency;
(21) Initiate the establishment of a barangay high school, whenever feasible, in
accordance with law;
(22) Provide for the establishment of a non-formal education center in the
barangay whenever feasible, in coordination with the Department of Education,
Culture and Sports, ;
(23) Provide for the delivery of basic services; and  cralaw

(24) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions
as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 392. Other Duties of Sangguniang Barangay Members. - In addition to

their duties as members of the sangguniang barangay, sangguniang barangay
members may: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Assist the punong barangay in the discharge of his duties and functions;
(b) Act as peace officers in the maintenance of public order and safety; and  cralaw

(c) Perform such other duties and functions as the punong barangay may
delegate.cralaw

SEC. 393. Benefits of Barangay Officials. - (a) Barangay officials, including

barangay tanods and members of the lupong tagapamayapa, shall receive
honoraria, allowances, and such other emoluments as may be authorized by
law or barangay, municipal or city ordinance in accordance with the provisions
of this Code, but in no case shall it be less than One thousand pesos
(P=1,000.00) per month for the punong barangay and Six hundred pesos
(P=600.00) per month for the sangguniang barangay members, barangay
treasurer, and barangay secretary: Provided, however, That the annual
appropriations for personal services shall be subject to the budgetary
limitations prescribed under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(b) The punong barangay, the sangguniang barangay members, the barangay
treasurer, and the barangay secretary shall also: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Be entitled to Christmas bonus of at least One thousand pesos

(P=1,000.00) each, the funds for which shall be taken from the general fund of
the barangay or from such other funds appropriated by the national
government for the purpose;
(2) Be entitled, during their incumbency, to insurance coverage which shall
include, but shall not be limited to temporary and permanent disability, double
indemnity, accident insurance, death and burial benefits, in accordance with
Republic Act Numbered Sixty-nine hundred forty-two (R.A. No. 6942), entitled
"An Act Increasing the Insurance Benefits of Local Government Officials and
Providing Funds Therefor";
(3) Be entitled to free medical care including subsistence, medicines, and
medical attendance in any government hospital or institution: Provided, That
such hospital care shall include surgery or surgical expenses, medicines, X-
rays, laboratory fees, and other hospital expenses;
In case of extreme urgency where there is no available government hospital or
institution, the barangay official concerned may submit himself for immediate
medical attendance to the nearest private clinic, hospital or institution and the
expenses not exceeding Five thousand pesos (P=5,000.00) that may be
incurred therein shall be chargeable against the funds of the barangay
concerned;
(4) Be exempted during their incumbency from paying tuition and matriculation
fees for their legitimate dependent children attending state colleges or
universities. He may likewise avail of such educational benefits in a state
college or university located within the province or city to which the barangay
belongs; and  cralaw

(5) Be entitled to appropriate civil service eligibility on the basis of the number
of years of service to the barangay, pursuant to the rules and regulations
issued by the Civil Service Commission. cralaw

(c) Elective barangay officials shall have preference in appointments to any

government position or in any government-owned or -controlled corporations,
including their subsidiaries, after their tenure of office, subject to the requisite
qualifications and the provisions of the immediately preceding paragraph. cralaw

(d) All duly appointed members of the barangay tanod brigades, or their
equivalent, which shall number not more than twenty (20) in each barangay,
shall be granted insurance or other benefits during their incumbency,
chargeable to the barangay or the city or municipal government to which the
barangay belongs. 
CHAPTER 5 - APPOINTIVE BARANGAY OFFICIALS
SEC. 394. Barangay Secretary: Appointment, Qualifications, Powers and
Duties.- (a) The barangay secretary shall be appointed by the punong barangay
with the concurrence of the majority of all the sangguniang barangay members.
The appointment of the barangay secretary shall not be subject to attestation
by the Civil Service Commission.
(b) The barangay secretary shall be of legal age, a qualified voter and an actual
resident of the barangay concerned. cralaw

(c) No person shall be appointed barangay secretary if he is a sangguniang

barangay member, a government employee, or a relative of the punong
barangay within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity. cralaw

(d) The barangay secretary shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Keep custody of all records of the sangguniang barangay and the barangay
assembly meetings;
(2) Prepare and keep the minutes of all meetings of the sangguniang barangay
and the barangay assembly;
(3) Prepare a list of members of the barangay assembly, and have the same
posted in conspicuous places within the barangay;
(4) Assist in the preparation of all necessary forms for the conduct of barangay
elections, initiatives, referenda or plebiscites, in coordination with the Comelec;
(5) Assist the municipal civil registrar in the registration of births, deaths, and
marriages;
(6) Keep an updated record of all inhabitants of the barangay containing the
following items of information: name, address, place and date of birth, sex, civil
status, citizenship, occupation, and such other items of information as may be
prescribed by law or ordinances;
(7) Submit a report on the actual number of barangay residents as often as
may be required by the sangguniang barangay; and  cralaw

(8) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 395. Barangay Treasurer: Appointment, Qualifications, Powers and

Duties. - (a) The barangay treasurer shall be appointed by the punong
barangay with the concurrence of the majority of all the sangguniang barangay
members. The appointment of the barangay treasurer shall not be subject to
attestation by the Civil Service Commission. cralaw

(b) The barangay treasurer shall be of legal age, a qualified voter, and an
actual resident of the barangay concerned. cralaw

(c) No person shall be appointed barangay treasurer if he is a sangguniang

barangay member, a government employee, or a relative of the punong
barangay within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity. cralaw

(d) The barangay treasurer shall be bonded in accordance with existing laws in
an amount to be determined by the sangguniang barangay but not exceeding
Ten thousand pesos (P=10,000.00), premiums for which shall be paid by the
barangay. cralaw

(e) The barangay treasurer shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Keep custody of barangay funds and properties;
(2) Collect and issue official receipts for taxes, fees, contributions, monies,
materials, and all other resources accruing to the barangay treasury and
deposit the same in the account of the barangay as provided under Title Five,
Book II of this Code;
(3) Disburse funds in accordance with the financial procedures provided in this
Code;
(4) Submit to the punong barangay a statement covering the actual and
estimates of income and expenditures for the preceding and ensuing calendar
years, respectively, subject to the provisions of Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(5) Render a written accounting report of all barangay funds and property
under his custody at the end of each calendar year, and ensure that such report
shall be made available to the members of the barangay assembly and other
government agencies concerned;
(6) Certify as to the availability of funds whenever necessary;
(7) Plan and attend to the rural postal circuit within his jurisdiction; and 
cralaw

(8) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 396. Other Appointive Officials. - The qualifications, duties, and functions

of all other barangay officials appointed by the punong barangay shall be
governed by the provisions of this Code and other laws or by barangay
ordinances. 
CHAPTER 6 - BARANGAY ASSEMBLY
SEC. 397. Composition; Meetings. - (a) There shall be a barangay assembly
composed of all persons who are actual residents of the barangay for at least
six (6) months, fifteen (15) years of age or over, citizens of the Philippines, and
duly registered in the list of barangay assembly members.
(b) The barangay assembly shall meet at least twice a year to hear and discuss
the semestral report of the sangguniang barangay concerning its activities and
finances as well as problems affecting the barangay. Its meetings shall be held
upon call of the punong barangay or of at least four (4) members of the
sangguniang barangay, or upon written petition of at least five percent (5%) of
the assembly members. cralaw

(c) No meeting of the barangay assembly shall take place unless a written
notice is given one (1) week prior to the meeting except on matters involving
public safety or security, in which case notice within a reasonable time shall be
sufficient. The punong barangay, or in his absence, the sangguniang barangay
member acting as punong barangay, or any assembly member selected during
the meeting, shall act as presiding officer in all the meetings of the assembly.
The barangay secretary, or in his absence, any member designated by the
presiding officer to act as secretary, shall discharge the duties of secretary of
the barangay assembly. cralaw

SEC. 398. Powers of the Barangay Assembly. - The barangay assembly shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Initiate legislative processes by recommending to the sangguniang

barangay the adoption of measures for the welfare of the barangay and the city
or municipality concerned;
(b) Decide on the adoption of initiative as a legal process whereby the
registered voters of the barangay may directly propose, enact, or amend any
ordinance; and cralaw

(c) Hear and pass upon the semestral report of the sangguniang barangay
concerning its activities and finances. 
CHAPTER 7 - KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY
SEC. 399. Lupong Tagapamayapa. - (a) There is hereby created in each
barangay a lupong tagapamayapa, hereinafter referred to as the lupon,
composed of the punong barangay as chairman and ten (10) to twenty (20)
members. The lupon shall be constituted every three (3) years in the manner
provided herein.
(b) Any person actually residing or working in the barangay, not otherwise
expressly disqualified by law, and possessing integrity, impartiality,
independence of mind, sense of fairness, and reputation for probity, may be
appointed a member of the lupon. cralaw

(c) A notice to constitute the lupon, which shall include the names of proposed
members who have expressed their willingness to serve, shall be prepared by
the punong barangay within the first fifteen (15) days from the start of his term
of office. Such notice shall be posted in three (3) conspicuous places in the
barangay continuously for a period of not less than three (3) weeks;
(d) The punong barangay, taking into consideration any opposition to the
proposed appointment or any recommendations for appointments as may have
been made within the period of posting, shall within ten (10) days thereafter,
appoint as members those whom he determines to be suitable therefor.
Appointments shall be in writing, signed by the punong barangay, and attested
to by the barangay secretary.cralaw

(e) The list of appointed members shall be posted in three (3) conspicuous
places in the barangay for the entire duration of their term of office; and 
cralaw

(f) In barangays where majority of the inhabitants are members of indigenous

cultural communities, local systems of es through their councils of datus or
elders shall be recognized without prejudice to the applicable provisions of this
Code.cralaw

SEC. 400. Oath and Term of Office. - Upon appointment, each lupon member
shall take an oath of office before the punong barangay. He shall hold office
until a new lupon is constituted on the third year following his appointment
unless sooner terminated by resignation, transfer of residence or place of work,
or withdrawal of appointment by the punong barangay with the concurrence of
the majority of all the members of the lupon. cralaw

SEC. 401. Vacancies. - Should a vacancy occur in the lupon for any cause, the
punong barangay shall immediately appoint a qualified person who shall hold
office only for the unexpired portion of the term. cralaw

SEC. 402. Functions of the Lupon. - The lupon shall: (a) Exercise administrative
supervision over the conciliation panels provided herein;
(b) Meet regularly once a month to provide a forum for exchange of ideas
among its members and the public on matters relevant to the amicable
settlement of disputes, and to enable various conciliation panel members to
share with one another their observations and experiences in effecting speedy
resolution of disputes; and cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 403. Secretary of the Lupon. - The barangay secretary shall concurrently

serve as the secretary of the lupon. He shall record the results of mediation
proceedings before the punong barangay and shall submit a report thereon to
the proper city or municipal courts. He shall also receive and keep the records
of proceedings submitted to him by the various conciliation panels. cralaw

SEC. 404. Pangkat ng Tagapagkasundo. - (a) There shall be constituted for

each dispute brought before the lupon a conciliation panel to be known as the
pangkat ng tagapagkasundo, hereinafter referred to as the pangkat, consisting
of three (3) members who shall be chosen by the parties to the dispute from
the list of members of the lupon. Should the parties fail to agree on the
pangkat membership, the same shall be determined by lots drawn by the lupon
chairman. cralaw

(b) The three (3) members constituting the pangkat shall elect from among
themselves the chairman and the secretary. The secretary shall prepare the
minutes of the pangkat proceedings and submit a copy duly attested to by the
chairman to the lupon secretary and to the proper city or municipal court. He
shall issue and cause to be served notices to the parties concerned. The lupon
secretary shall issue certified true copies of any public record in his custody
that is not by law otherwise declared confidential. cralaw

SEC. 405. Vacancies in the Pangkat. - Any vacancy in the pangkat shall be

chosen by the parties to the dispute from among the other lupon members.
Should the parties fail to agree on a common choice, the vacancy shall be filled
by lot to be drawn by the lupon chairman. cralaw

SEC. 406. Character of Office and Service of Lupon Members. - (a) The lupon
members, while in the performance of their official duties or on the occasion
thereof, shall be deemed as persons in authority, as defined in the Revised
Penal Code. cralaw

(b) The lupon or pangkat members shall serve without compensation, except as
provided for in Section 393 and without prejudice to incentives as provided for
in this Section and in Book IV of this Code. The Department of the Interior and
Local Government shall provide for a system of granting economic or other
incentives to the lupon or pangkat members who adequately demonstrate the
ability to judiciously and expeditiously resolve cases referred to them. While in
the performance of their duties, the lupon or pangkat members, whether in
public or private employment, shall be deemed to be on official time, and shall
not suffer from any diminution in compensation or allowance from said
employment by reason thereof. cralaw

SEC. 407. Legal Advice on Matters Involving Questions of Law. - The provincial,

city legal officer or prosecutor or the municipal legal officer shall render legal
advice on matters involving questions of law to the punong barangay or any
lupon or pangkat member whenever necessary in the exercise of his functions
in the administration of the katarungang pambarangay. cralaw
SEC. 408. Subject Matter for Amicable Settlement; Exception Thereto. - The
lupon of each barangay shall have authority to bring together the parties
actually residing in the same city or municipality for amicable settlement of all
disputes except: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Where one party is the government, or any subdivision or instrumentality

thereof;
(b) Where one party is a public officer or employee, and the dispute relates to
the performance of his official functions;
(c) Offenses punishable by imprisonment exceeding one (1) year or a fine
exceeding Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00);
(d) Offenses where there is no private offended party;
(e) Where the dispute involves real properties located in different cities or
municipalities unless the parties thereto agree to submit their differences to
amicable settlement by an appropriate lupon;
(f) Disputes involving parties who actually reside in barangays of different cities
or municipalities, except where such barangay units adjoin each other and the
parties thereto agree to submit their differences to amicable settlement by an
appropriate lupon;
(g) Such other classes of disputes which the President may determine in the
interest of justice or upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice. The
court in which non-criminal cases not falling within the authority of the lupon
under this Code are filed may, at any time before trial, motu proprio refer the
case to the lupon concerned for amicable settlement. cralaw

SEC. 409. Venue. - (a) Disputes between persons actually residing in the same
barangay shall be brought for amicable settlement before the lupon of said
barangay. cralaw

(b) Those involving actual residents of different barangays within the same city
or municipality shall be brought in the barangay where the respondent or any
of the respondents actually resides, at the election of the complainant. cralaw

(c) All disputes involving real property or any interest therein shall be brought
in the barangay where the real property or the larger portion thereof is
situated.cralaw

(d) Those arising at the workplace where the contending parties are employed
or at the institution where such parties are enrolled for study, shall be brought
in the barangay where such workplace or institution is located. Objections to
venue shall be raised in the mediation proceedings before the punong
barangay; otherwise, the same shall be deemed waived. Any legal question
which may confront the punong barangay in resolving objections to venue
herein referred to may be submitted to the Secretary of Justice, or his duly
designated representative, whose ruling thereon shall be binding. cralaw

SEC. 410. Procedure for Amicable Settlement. - (a) Who may initiate

proceeding - Upon payment of the appropriate filing fee, any individual who has
a cause of action against another individual involving any matter within the
authority of the lupon may complain, orally or in writing, to the lupon chairman
of the barangay. cralaw

(b) Mediation by lupon chairman - Upon receipt of the complaint, the lupon
chairman shall within the next working day summon the respondent(s), with
notice to the complainant(s) for them and their witnesses to appear before him
for a mediation of their conflicting interests. If he fails in his mediation effort
within fifteen (15) days from the first meeting of the parties before him, he
shall forthwith set a date for the constitution of the pangkat in accordance with
the provisions of this Chapter.cralaw

(c) Suspension of prescriptive period of offenses - While the dispute is under

mediation, conciliation, or arbitration, the prescriptive periods for offenses and
cause of action under existing laws shall be interrupted upon filing of the
complaint with the punong barangay. The prescriptive periods shall resume
upon receipt by the complainant of the complaint or the certificate of
repudiation or of the certification to file action issued by the lupon or pangkat
secretary: Provided, however, That such interruption shall not exceed sixty (60)
days from the filing of the complaint with the punong barangay. cralaw

(d) Issuance of summons; hearing; grounds for disqualification - The pangkat

shall convene not later than three (3) days from its constitution, on the day and
hour set by the lupon chairman, to hear both parties and their witnesses,
simplify issues, and explore all possibilities for amicable settlement. For this
purpose, the pangkat may issue summons for the personal appearance of
parties and witnesses before it. In the event that a party moves to disqualify
any member of the pangkat by reason of relationship, bias, interest, or any
other similar grounds discovered after the constitution of the pangkat, the
matter shall be resolved by the affirmative vote of the majority of the pangkat
whose decision shall be final. Should disqualification be decided upon, the
resulting vacancy shall be filled as herein provided for. cralaw

(e) Period to arrive at a settlement - The pangkat shall arrive at a settlement or

resolution of the dispute within fifteen (15) days from the day it convenes in
accordance with this section. This period shall, at the discretion of the pangkat,
be extendible for another period which shall not exceed fifteen (15) days,
except in clearly meritorious cases. cralaw

SEC. 411. Form of Settlement. - All amicable settlements shall be in writing, in

a language or dialect known to the parties, signed by them, and attested to by
the lupon chairman or the pangkat chairman, as the case may be. When the
parties to the dispute do not use the same language or dialect, the settlement
shall be written in the language or dialect known to them. cralaw

SEC. 412. Conciliation. - (a) Pre-condition to Filing of Complaint in Court. - No

complaint, petition, action, or proceeding involving any matter within the
authority of the lupon shall be filed or instituted directly in court or any other
government office for adjudication, unless there has been a confrontation
between the parties before the lupon chairman or the pangkat, and that no
conciliation or settlement has been reached as certified by the lupon secretary
or pangkat secretary as attested to by the lupon or pangkat chairman or unless
the settlement has been repudiated by the parties thereto. cralaw

(b) Where Parties May Go Directly to Court. - The parties may go directly to
court in the following instances: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Where the accused is under detention; (2) Where a person has otherwise
been deprived of personal liberty calling for habeas corpus proceedings;
(3) Where actions are coupled with provisional remedies such as preliminary
injunction, attachment, delivery of personal property, and support pendente
lite; and 
cralaw

(4) Where the action may otherwise be barred by the statute of limitations. cralaw

(c) Conciliation among members of indigenous cultural communities. - The

customs and traditions of indigenous cultural communities shall be applied in
settling disputes between members of the cultural communities. cralaw

SEC. 413. Arbitration. - (a) The parties may, at any stage of the proceedings,
agree in writing that they shall abide by the arbitration award of the lupon
chairman or the pangkat. Such agreement to arbitrate may be repudiated
within five (5) days from the date thereof for the same grounds and in
accordance with the procedure hereinafter prescribed. The arbitration award
shall be made after the lapse of the period for repudiation and within ten (10)
days thereafter. cralaw

(b) The arbitration award shall be in writing in a language or dialect known to

the parties. When the parties to the dispute do not use the same language or
dialect, the award shall be written in the language or dialect known to them. cralaw

SEC. 414. Proceedings Open to the Public; Exception. - All proceedings for

settlement shall be public and informal: Provided, however, That the lupon
chairman or the pangkat chairman, as the case may be, may motu proprio or
upon request of a party, exclude the public from the proceedings in the interest
of privacy, decency, or public morals.cralaw

SEC. 415. Appearance of Parties in Person. - In all katarungang pambarangay

proceedings, the parties must appear in person without the assistance of
counsel or representative, except for minors and incompetents who may be
assisted by their next-of-kin who are not lawyers. cralaw

SEC. 416. Effect of Amicable Settlement and Arbitration Award. - The amicable

settlement and arbitration award shall have the force and effect of a final
judgment of a court upon the expiration of ten (10) days from the date thereof,
unless repudiation of the settlement has been made or a petition to nullify the
award has been filed before the proper city or municipal court. However, this
provision shall not apply to court cases settled by the lupon under the last
paragraph of Section 408 of this Code, in which case the compromise
settlement agreed upon by the parties before the lupon chairman or the
pangkat chairman shall be submitted to the court and upon approval thereof,
have the force and effect of a judgment of said court. cralaw

SEC. 417. Execution. - The amicable settlement or arbitration award may be

enforced by execution by the lupon within six (6) months from the date of the
settlement. After the lapse of such time, the settlement may be enforced by
action in the appropriate city or municipal court.
cralaw

SEC. 418. Repudiation. - Any party to the dispute may, within ten (10) days
from the date of the settlement, repudiate the same by filing with the lupon
chairman a statement to that effect sworn to before him, where the consent is
vitiated by fraud, violence, or intimidation. Such repudiation shall be sufficient
basis for the issuance of the certification for filing a complaint as hereinabove
provided.cralaw

SEC. 419. Transmittal of Settlement and Arbitration Award to the Court. - The

secretary of the lupon shall transmit the settlement or the arbitration award to
the appropriate city or municipal court within five (5) days from the date of the
award or from the lapse of the ten-day period repudiating the settlement and
shall furnish copies thereof to each of the parties to the settlement and the
lupon chairman. cralaw

SEC. 420. Power to Administer Oaths. - The punong barangay, as chairman of

the lupong tagapamayapa, and the members of the pangkat are hereby
authorized to administer oaths in connection with any matter relating to all
proceedings in the implementation of the katarungang pambarangay. cralaw

SEC. 421. Administration; Rules and Regulations. - The city or municipal

mayor, as the case may be, shall see to the efficient and effective
implementation and administration of the katarungang pambarangay. The
Secretary of Justice shall promulgate the rules and regulations necessary to
implement this Chapter. cralaw

SEC. 422. Appropriations. - Such amount as may be necessary for the effective

implementation of the katarungang pambarangay shall be provided for in the
annual budget of the city or municipality concerned. 
CHAPTER 8 - SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN
SEC. 423. Creation and Election. - (a) There shall be in every barangay a
sangguniang kabataan to be composed of a chairman, seven (7) members, a
secretary, and a treasurer.
(b) A sangguniang kabataan official who, during his term of office, shall have
passed the age of twenty-one (21) years shall be allowed to serve the
remaining portion of the term for which he was elected. cralaw

SEC. 424. Katipunan ng Kabataan. - The katipunan ng kabataan shall be

composed of all citizens of the Philippines actually residing in the barangay for
at least six (6) months, who are fifteen (15) but not more than twenty-one (21)
years of age, and who are duly registered in the list of the sangguniang
kabataan or in the official barangay list in the custody of the barangay
secretary. cralaw

SEC. 425. Meetings of the Katipunan ng Kabataan. - The katipunan ng

kabataan shall meet at least once every three (3) months, or at the call of the
chairman of the sangguniang kabataan or upon written petition of at least one-
twentieth (1/20) of its members, to decide on important issues affecting the
youth of the barangay
SEC. 426. Powers and Functions of the Sangguniang Kabataan. - The
sangguniang kabataan shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Promulgate resolutions necessary to carry out the objectives of the youth in
the barangay in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Code;
(b) Initiate programs designed to enhance the social, political, economic,
cultural, intellectual, moral, spiritual, and physical development of the
members;
(c) Hold fund-raising activities, the proceeds of which shall be tax-exempt and
shall accrue to the general fund of the sangguniang kabataan: Provided,
however, That in the appropriation thereof, the specific purpose for which such
activity has been held shall be first satisfied;
(d) Create such bodies or committees as it may deem necessary to effectively
carry out its programs and activities;
(e) Submit annual and end-of-term reports to the sangguniang barangay on
their projects and activities for the survival and development of the youth in the
barangay ;
(f) Consult and coordinate with all youth organizations in the barangay for
policy formulation and program implementation;
(g) Coordinate with the appropriate national agency for the implementation of
youth development projects and programs at the national level;
(h) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
the sangguniang barangay may determine or delegate; and  cralaw

(i) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 427. Meetings of the Sangguniang kabataan. - The sangguniang kabataan

shall meet regularly once a month on the date, time, and place to be fixed by
the said sanggunian. Special meetings may be called by the sangguniang
kabataan chairman or any three (3) of its members by giving written notice to
all members of the date, time, place, and agenda of the meeting at least one
(1) day in advance. Notices of regular or special meetings shall be furnished the
punong barangay and the sangguniang barangayA majority of the members of
the sangguniang kabataan shall constitute a quorum. cralaw

SEC. 428. Qualifications. - An elective official of the sangguniang kabataan

must be a citizen of the Philippines, a qualified voter of the katipunan ng
kabataan, a resident of the barangay for at least one (1) year immediately prior
to election, at least fifteen (15) years but not more than twenty-one (21) years
of age on the day of his election, able to read and write Filipino, English, or the
local dialect, and must not have been convicted of any crime involving moral
turpitude.cralaw

SEC. 429. Term of Office. - The sangguniang kabataan chairman and members

shall hold office for a period of three (3) years, unless sooner removed for
cause as provided by law, permanently incapacitated, die or resign from office. cralaw

SEC. 430. Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman. - The registered voters of the

katipunan ng kabataan shall elect the chairman of the sangguniang kabataan
who shall automatically serve as an ex-officio member of the sangguniang
barangay upon his assumption to office. As such, he shall exercise the same
powers, discharge the same duties and functions, and enjoy the same
privileges as the regular sangguniang barangay members, and shall be the
chairman of the committee on youth and sports development in the said
sanggunian. cralaw

SEC. 431. Powers and Duties of the Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman. - In

addition to the duties which may be assigned to him by the sangguniang
barangay, the sangguniang kabataan chairman shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Call and preside over all meetings of the katipunan ng kabataan and the
sangguniang kabataan;
(b) Implement policies, programs, and projects within his jurisdiction in
coordination with the sangguniang barangay ;
(c) Exercise general supervision over the affairs and activities of the
sangguniang kabataan and the official conduct of its members, and such other
officers of the sangguniang kabataan within his jurisdiction;
(d) With the concurrence of the sangguniang kabataan, appoint from among
the members of the sangguniang kabataan, the secretary and treasurer, and
such other officers as may be deemed necessary; and  cralaw

(e) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 432. Sangguniang Kabataan Secretary. - The sangguniang kabataan

secretary shall : chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Keep all records of the katipunan ng kabataan and sangguniang kabataan;
(b) Prepare and keep the minutes of all meetings of the katipunan ng kabataan
and sangguniang kabataan;
(c) Prepare all forms necessary for the conduct of registrations, elections,
initiatives, referenda, or plebiscites, in coordination with the barangay secretary
and the Comelec; and  cralaw

(d) Perform such other duties and discharge such other functions as the
chairman of the sangguniang kabataan may prescribe or direct. cralaw

SEC. 433. Sangguniang Kabataan Treasurer. - The sangguniang kabataan

treasurer shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Take custody of all sangguniang kabataan property and funds not otherwise
deposited with the city or municipal treasurer;
(b) Collect and receive contributions, monies, materials, and all other resources
intended for the sangguniang kabataan and katipunan ng kabataan;
(c) Disburse funds in accordance with an approved budget of the sangguniang
kabataan;
(d) Certify to the availability of funds whenever necessary;
(e) Submit to the sangguniang kabataan and to the sangguniang barangay
certified and detailed statements of actual income and expenditures at the end
of every month; and  cralaw

(f) Perform such other duties and discharge such other functions as the
chairman of the
SEC. 434. Privileges of Sangguniang Kabataan Officials. - The sangguniang
kabataan chairman shall have the same privileges enjoyed by
othersangguniang barangay officials under this Code subject to such
requirements and limitations provided herein. During their incumbency,
sangguniang kabataan officials shall be exempt from payment of tuition and
matriculation fees while enrolled in public tertiary schools, including state
colleges and universities. The national government shall reimburse said college
or university the amount of the tuition and matriculation fees: Provided, That,
to qualify for the privilege, the said officials shall enroll in the state college or
university within or nearest their area of jurisdiction. cralaw

SEC. 435. Succession and Filling of Vacancies. - (a) In case a sangguniang

kabataan chairman refuses to assume office, fails to qualify, is convicted of a
felony, voluntarily resigns, dies, is permanently incapacitated, is removed from
office, or has been absent without leave for more than three (3) consecutive
months, the sangguniang kabataan member who obtained the next highest
number of votes in the election immediately preceding shall assume the office
of the chairman for the unexpired portion of the term, and shall discharge the
powers and duties, and enjoy the rights and privileges appurtenant to the
office. In case the said member refuses to assume the position or fails to
qualify, the sanggunian member obtaining the next highest number of votes
shall assume the position of the chairman for the unexpired portion of the
term.cralaw

(b) Where two (2) or more sangguniang kabataan members obtained the same
next highest number of votes, the other sangguniang kabataan members shall
conduct an election to choose the successor to the chairman from among the
said members. cralaw

(c) After the vacancy shall have been filled, the sangguniang kabataan
chairman shall call a special election to complete the membership of said
sanggunian. Such sangguniang kabataan member shall hold office for the
unexpired portion of the term of the vacant seat. cralaw

(d) In case of suspension of the sangguniang kabataan chairman, the

successor, as determined in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section shall
assume the position during the period of such suspension. 
CHAPTER 9 - PEDERASYON NG MGA SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN
SEC. 436. Pederasyon ng mga Sangguniang Kabataan. - (a) There shall be an
organization of all the pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan to be known
as follows: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(1) in municipalities, pambayang pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan;

(2) in cities, panlungsod na pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan;
(3) in provinces, panlalawigang pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan;
(4) in special metropolitan political subdivisions, pangmetropolitang pederasyon
ng mga sangguniang kabataan; and  cralaw

(5) on the national level, pambansang pederasyon ng mga sangguniang

kabataan. cralaw

(b) The pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan shall, at all levels, elect
from among themselves the president, vice-president and such other officers as
may be necessary and shall be organized in the following manner: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) The panlungsod and pambayang pederasyon shall be composed of the

sangguniang kabataan chairmen of barangays in the city or municipality,
respectively;
(2) The panlalawigang pederasyon shall be composed of presidents of the
panlungsod and pambayang pederasyon;
(3) The pangmetropolitang pederasyon shall be composed of presidents of the
panlungsod and pambayang pederasyon;
(c) The elected presidents of the pederasyon at the provincial, highly urbanized
city, and metropolitan political subdivision levels shall constitute the
pambansang katipunan ng mga sangguniang kabataan. cralaw

SEC. 437. Constitution and By-Laws. - The term of office, manner of election,

removal and suspension of the officers of the pederasyon ng mga sangguniang
kabataan at all levels shall be governed by the constitution and by-laws of the
pederasyon in conformity with the provisions of this Code and national policies
on youth. cralaw

SEC. 438. Membership in the Sanggunian. - (a) A sangguniang kabataan

chairman shall, upon certification of his election by the Comelec and during his
tenure of office is elected as pederasyon president, serve as an ex-officio
member of the sanggunian panlalawigan, sangguniang panlungsod, and
sangguniang bayan, as the case may be, without need of further appointment. cralaw

(b) The vice-president of the pederasyon whose president has been elected as
president of a higher pederasyon shall serve as ex-officio member of the
sanggunian concerned without need of further appointment. cralaw

(c) The pederasyon president or vice-president, as the case may be, shall be
the chairman of the committee on youth and sports development of the
sanggunian concerned. 
CHAPTER 10 - LINGGO NG KABATAAN
SEC. 439. Observance of Linggo ng Kabataan. - (a) Every barangay,
municipality, city and province shall, in coordination with the pederasyon ng
mga sangguniang kabataan at all levels, conduct an annual activity to be known
as the Linggo ng Kabataan on such date as shall be determined by the Office of
the President.
(b) The observance of the Linggo ng Kabataan shall include the election of the
counterparts of all local elective and appointive officials, as well as heads of
national offices or agencies stationed or assigned in the territorial jurisdiction of
the local government unit, among in-school and community youth residing in
the local government unit concerned from ages thirteen (13) to seventeen (17).
During said week, they shall hold office as boy and girl officials and shall
perform such duties and conduct such activities as may be provided in the
ordinance enacted pursuant to this Chapter. 
TITLE TWO. - THE MUNICIPALITY
CHAPTER 1 - ROLE AND CREATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY
SEC. 440. Role of the Municipality. - The municipality, consisting of a group of
barangays, serves primarily as a general purpose government for the
coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.
SEC. 441. Manner of Creation. - A municipality may be created, divided,
merged, abolished, or its boundary substantially altered only by an Act of
Congress and subject to the approval by a majority of the votes cast in a
plebiscite to be conducted by the Comelec in the local government unit or units
directly affected. Except as may otherwise be provided in the said Act, the
plebiscite shall be held within one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of
its effectivity. cralaw

SEC. 442. Requisites for Creation. - (a) A municipality may be created if it has

an average annual income, as certified by the provincial treasurer, of at least
Two million five hundred thousand pesos (P=2,500,000.00) for the last two (2)
consecutive years based on the 1991 constant prices; a population of at least
twenty-five thousand (25,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics
Office; and a contiguous territory of at least fifty (50) square kilometers as
certified by the Lands Management Bureau: Provided, That the creation thereof
shall not reduce the land area, population or income of the original municipality
or municipalities at the time of said creation to less than the minimum
requirements prescribed herein. cralaw

(b) The territorial jurisdiction of a newly-created municipality shall be properly

identified by metes and bounds. The requirement on land area shall not apply
where the municipality proposed to be created is composed of one (1) or more
islands. The territory need not be contiguous if it comprises two (2) or more
islands.
cralaw

(c) h The average annual income shall include the income accruing to the
general fund of the municipality concerned, exclusive of special funds, transfers
and non-recurring income. cralaw

(d) Municipalities existing as of the date of the effectivity of this Code shall
continue to exist and operate as such. Existing municipal districts organized
pursuant to presidential issuances or executive orders and which have their
respective set of elective municipal officials holding office at the time of the
effectivity of this Code shall henceforth be considered as regular municipalities. 
CHAPTER 2 - MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS IN GENERAL
SEC. 443. Officials of the Municipal Government. - (a) There shall be in each
municipality a municipal mayor, a municipal vice-mayor, sangguniang bayan
members, a secretary to the sangguniang bayan, a municipal treasurer, a
municipal assessor, a municipal accountant, a municipal budget officer, a
municipal planning and development coordinator, a municipal engineer/building
official, a municipal health officer and a municipal civil registrar.
(b) In addition thereto, the mayor may appoint a municipal administrator, a
municipal legal officer, a municipal agriculturist, a municipal environment and
natural resources officer, a municipal social welfare and development officer, a
municipal architect, and a municipal information officer. cralaw

(c) The sangguniang bayan may: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Maintain existing offices not mentioned in subsections (a) and (b) hereof;
(2) Create such other offices as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of
the municipal government; or
(3) Consolidate the functions of any office with those of another in the interest
of efficiency and economy. cralaw

(d) Unless otherwise provided herein, heads of departments and offices shall be
appointed by the municipal mayor with the concurrence of the majority of all
the sangguniang bayan members, subject to civil service law, rules and
regulations. The sangguniang bayan shall act on the appointment within fifteen
(15) days from the date of its submission; otherwise, the same shall be
deemed confirmed. cralaw

(e) Elective and appointive municipal officials shall receive such compensation,
allowances and other emoluments as may be determined by law or ordinance,
subject to the budgetary limitations on personal services as prescribed in Title
Five, Book Two of this Code: Provided, That no increase in compensation of the
mayor, vice-mayor, and sangguniang bayan members shall take effect until
after the expiration of the full term of all the elective local officials approving
such increase. 
CHAPTER 3 - OFFICIALS AND OFFICES COMMON TO ALL
MUNICIPALITIES
Article One. - The Municipal Mayor
SEC. 444. The Chief Executive: Powers, Duties, Functions and Compensation. -
(a) The municipal mayor, as the chief executive of the municipal government,
shall exercise such powers and perform such duties and functions as provided
by this Code and other laws.
(b) For efficient, effective and economical governance the purpose of which is
the general welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants pursuant to Section
16 of this Code, the municipal mayor shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects,
services, and activities of the municipal government, and in this connection,
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Determine the guidelines of municipal policies and be responsible to the

sangguniang bayan for the program of government;
(ii) Direct the formulation of the municipal development plan, with the
assistance of the municipal development council, and upon approval thereof by
the sangguniang bayan, implement the same;
(iii) At the opening of the regular session of the sangguniang bayan for every
calendar year and, as may be deemed necessary, present the program of
government and propose policies and projects for the consideration of the
sangguniang bayan as the general welfare of the inhabitants and the needs of
the municipal government may require;
(iv) Initiate and propose legislative measures to the sangguniang bayan and,
from time to time as the situation may require, provide such information and
data needed or requested by said sanggunian in the performance of its
legislative functions; Appoint all officials and employees whose salaries and
wages are wholly or mainly paid out of municipal funds and whose
appointments are not otherwise provided for in this Code, as well as those he
may be authorized by law to appoint;
(vi) Upon authorization by the sangguniang bayan, represent the municipality
in all its business transactions and sign on its behalf all bonds, contracts, and
obligations, and such other documents made pursuant to law or ordinance;
(vii) Carry out such emergency measures as may be necessary during and in
the aftermath of man-made and natural disasters and calamities;
(viii) Determine, according to law or ordinance, the time, manner and place of
payment of salaries or wages of the officials and employees of the municipality;
(ix) Allocate and assign office space to municipal and other officials and
employees who, by law or ordinance, are entitled to such space in the municipal
hall and other buildings owned or leased by the municipal government;
(x) Ensure that all executive officials and employees of the municipality
faithfully discharge their duties and functions as provided by law and this Code,
and cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings against any
official or employee of the municipality who may have committed an offense in
the performance of his official duties;
(xi) Examine the books, records and other documents of all offices, officials,
agents or employees of the municipality and in aid of his executive powers and
authority, require all national officials and employees stationed in or assigned
to the municipality to make available to him such books, records, and other
documents in their custody, except those classified by law as confidential;
(xii) Furnish copies of executive ordersissued by him to the provincial governor
within seventy-two (72) hours after their issuance: Provided, That
municipalities of Metropolitan Manila Area and that of any metropolitan political
subdivision shall furnish copies of said executive orders to the metropolitan
authority council chairman and to the Office of the President;
(xiii) Visit component barangays of the municipality at least once every six (6)
months to deepen his understanding of problems and conditions therein, listen
and give appropriate counsel to local officials and inhabitants, inform the
component barangay officials and inhabitants of general laws and ordinances
which especially concern them, and otherwise conduct visits and inspections to
the end that the governance of the municipality will improve the quality of life
of the inhabitants;
(xiv) Act on leave applications ofofficials and employees appointed by him and
the commutation of the monetary value of leave credits according to law;
(xv) Authorize official trips outside of the municipality of municipal officials and
employees for a period not exceeding thirty (30) days;
(xvi) Call upon any national official or employee stationed in or assigned to the
municipality to advise him on matters affecting the municipality and to make
recommendations thereon, or to coordinate in the formulation and
implementation of plans, programs and projects, and when appropriate, initiate
an administrative or judicial action against a national government official or
employee who may have committed an offense in the performance of his official
duties while stationed in or assigned to the local government unit concerned;
(xvii) Subject to availability of funds, authorize payment of medical care,
necessary transportation, subsistence, hospital or medical fees of municipal
officials and employees who are injured while in the performance of their official
duties and functions;
(xviii) Solemnize marriages, any provision of law to the contrary
notwithstanding;
(xix) Conduct a palarong bayan, in coordination with the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports, as an annual activity which shall feature
traditional sports and disciplines included in national and international games;
and cralaw

(xx) Submit to the provincial governor the following reports: an annual report
containing a summary of all matters pertaining to the management,
administration and development of the municipality and all information and
data relativeto its political, social and economic conditions; and supplemental
reports when unexpected events and situations arise at any time during the
year, particularly when man-made or natural disasters or calamities affect the
general welfare of the municipality, province, region or country. Mayors of
municipalities of the Metropolitan Manila Area and other metropolitan political
subdivisions shall submit said reports to their respective metropolitan council
chairmen and to the Office of the President;
(2) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the governance of the
municipality and the exercise of its corporate powers provided for under Section
22 of this Code, implement all approved policies, programs, projects, services
and activities of the municipality and, in addition to the foregoing, shall: Ensure
that the acts of the municipality's component barangays and of its officials and
employees are within the scope of their prescribed powers,functions, duties and
responsibilities;
(ii) Call conventions, conferences, seminars or meetings of any elective and
appointive officials of the municipality, including provincial officials and national
officials and employees stationed in or assigned to the municipality at such time
and place and on such subject as he may deem important for the promotion of
the general welfare of the local government unit and its inhabitants;
(iii) Issue such executive orders as are necessary for the proper enforcement
and execution of laws and ordinances;
(iv) Be entitled to carry the necessary firearm within his territorial jurisdiction;
(v) Act as the deputized representative of the National Police Commission,
formulate the peace and order plan of the municipality and upon its approval,
implement the same and exercise general and operational control and
supervision over the local police forces in the municipality in accordance with
R.A. No. 6975;
(vi) Call upon the appropriate law enforcement agencies to suppress disorder,
riot, lawless violence, rebellion or sedition or to apprehend violators of the law
when public interest so requires and the municipal police forces are inadequate
to cope with the situation or the violators;
(3) Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply
the same to the implementation of development plans, program objectives and
priorities as provided for under Section 18 of this Code,particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
country-wide growth and progress, and relative thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Require each head of an office or department to prepare and submit an

estimate of appropriations for the ensuing calendar year, in accordance with the
budget preparation process under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(ii) Prepare and submit to the sanggunian for approval the executive and
supplemental budgets of the municipality for the ensuing calendar year in the
manner provided for under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(iii) Ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the municipality are collected,
and that municipal funds are applied in accordance with law or ordinance tothe
payment of expenses and settlement of obligations of the municipality;
(iv) Issue licenses and permits and suspend or revoke the same for any
violation of the conditions upon which said licenses or permits had been issued,
pursuant to law or ordinance;
(v) Issue permits, without need of approval therefor from any national agency,
for the holding of activities for any charitable or welfare purpose, excluding
prohibited games of chance or shows contrary to law, public policy and public
morals;
(vi) Require owners of illegally constructed houses, buildings or other structures
to obtain the necessary permit, subject to such fines and penalties as may be
imposed by law or ordinance, or to make necessary changes in the construction
of the same when said construction violates any law or ordinance, or to order
the demolition or removal of said house, building or structure within the period
prescribed by law or ordinance;
(vii) Adopt adequate measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral,
marine, forest, and other resources of the municipality; provide efficient and
effective property and supply management in the municipality; and protect the
funds, credits, rights and other properties of the municipality; and  cralaw

(viii) Institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings for

violation of ordinances in the collection of taxes, fees or charges, and for the
recovery of funds and property; and cause the municipality to be defended
against all suits to ensure that its interests, resources and rights shall be
adequately protected;
(4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities
as provided for under Section 17 of this Code and, in addition thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that the construction and repair of roads and highways funded by the
national government shall be, as far as practicable, carried out in a spatially
contiguous manner and in coordination with the construction and repair of the
roads and bridges of the municipality and the province; and  cralaw

(ii) Coordinate the implementation of technical services rendered by national

and provincial offices, including public works and infrastructure programs in the
municipality; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(c) During his incumbency, the municipal mayor shall hold office in the
municipal hall.cralaw

(d) The municipal mayor shall receive a minimum monthly compensation

corresponding to Salary Grade twenty-seven (27) as prescribed under R.A. No.
6758 and the implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Two. - The Vice Mayor
SEC. 445. Powers, Duties and Compensation.- (a) The vice-mayor shall: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(1) Be the presiding officer of the sangguniang bayan and sign all warrants
drawn on the municipal treasury for all expenditures appropriated for the
operation of the sangguniang bayan;
(2) Subject to civil service law, rules and regulations, appoint all officials and
employees of the sangguniang bayan, except those whose manner of
appointment is specifically provided in this Code;
(3) Assume the office of the municipal mayor for the unexpired term of the
latter in the event of permanent vacancy as provided for in Section 44, Book I
of this Code;
(4) Exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the municipal
mayor in cases of temporary vacancy as provided for in Section 46, Book I of
this Code; and,
(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) Thevice-mayor shall receive a monthly compensation corresponding to

Salary Grade twenty five (25) as prescribed under R.A. No. 6758 and the
implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Three. - The Sangguniang Bayan
SEC. 446. Composition. - (a) The sangguniang bayan, the legislative body of
the municipality, shall be composed of the municipal vice-mayoras the
presiding officer, the regular sanggunian members, the president of the
municipal chapter of the liga ng mga barangay, the president of the pambayang
pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan, and the sectoral representatives,
as members.
(b) In addition thereto, there shall be three (3) sectoral representatives: one
(1) from the women; and, as shall be determined by the sanggunian concerned
within ninety (90) days prior to the holding of local elections, one (1) from the
agricultural or industrial workers; and one (1) from the other sectors, including
the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, or disabled persons. cralaw

(c) The regular members of the sangguniang bayan and the sectoral
representatives shall be elected in the manner as may be provided for by law. cralaw

SEC. 447. - Powers, Duties, Functions and Compensation. - (a) The

sangguniang bayan, as the legislative body of the municipality, shall enact
ordinances, approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare
of the municipality and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16 of this Code and
in the proper exercise of the corporate powers of the municipality as provided
for under Section 22 of this Code, and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for an efficient and
effective municipal government, and in this connection shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Review all ordinances approved by the sangguniang barangay and executive
orders issued by the punong barangay to determine whether these are within
the scope of the prescribed powers of the sanggunian and of the punong
barangay;
(ii) Maintain peace and order by enacting measures to prevent and suppress
lawlessness, disorder, riot, violence, rebellion or sedition and impose penalties
for the violation of said ordinances;
(iii)Approve ordinances imposing a fine not exceeding Two thousand five
hundred pesos (P=2,500.00) or an imprisonment for a period not exceeding six
(6) months, or both in the discretion of the court, for the violation of a
municipal ordinance;
(iv) Adopt measures to protect the inhabitants of the municipality from the
harmful effects of man-made or natural disasters and calamities and to provide
relief services and assistance for victims during and in the aftermath of said
disasters or calamities and their return to productive livelihood following said
events;
(v) Enact ordinances intended to prevent, suppress and impose appropriate
penalties for habitual drunkenness in public places, vagrancy, mendicancy,
prostitution, establishment and maintenance of houses of ill repute, gambling
and other prohibited games of chance, fraudulent devices and ways to obtain
money or property, drug addiction, maintenance of drug dens, drug pushing,
juvenile delinquency, the printing, distribution or exhibition of obscene or
pornographic materials or publications, and such other activities inimical to the
welfare and morals of the inhabitants of the municipality;
(vi) Protect the environment and impose appropriate penalties for acts which
endanger the environment, such as dynamite fishing and other forms of
destructive fishing, illegal logging and smuggling of logs, smuggling of natural
resources products and of endangered species of flora and fauna, slash and
burn farming, and such other activities which result in pollution, acceleration of
eutrophication of rivers and lakes, or of ecological imbalance;
(vii) Subject to the provisions of this Code and pertinent laws, determine the
powers and duties of officials and employees of the municipality;
(viii) Determine the positions and the salaries, wages, allowances and other
emoluments and benefits of officials and employees paid wholly or mainly from
municipal funds and provide for expenditures necessary for the proper conduct
of programs, projects, services, and activities of the municipal government;
(ix) Authorize the payment of compensation to a qualified person not in the
government service who fills up a temporary vacancy or grant honorarium to
any qualified official or employee designated to fill a temporary vacancy in a
concurrent capacity, at the rate authorized by law;
(x) Provide a mechanism and the appropriate funds therefor, to ensure the
safety and protection of all municipal government property, public documents,
or records such as those relating to property inventory, land ownership, records
of births, marriages, deaths, assessments, taxation, accounts, business
permits, and such other records and documents of public interest in the offices
and departments of the municipal government;
(xi) When the finances of the municipal government allow, provide for
additional allowances and other benefits to judges, prosecutors, public
elementary and high school teachers, and other national government officials
stationed in or assigned to the municipality;
(xii) Provide for legal assistance to barangay officials who, in the performance
of their official duties or on the occasion thereof, have to initiate judicial
proceedings or defend themselves against legal action; and, (xiii) Provide for
group insurance or additional insurance coverage for barangay officials,
including members of barangay tanod brigades and other service units, with
public or private insurance companies, when the finances of the municipal
government allow said coverage. cralaw

(2) Generate and maximize the use of resources and revenues for the
development plans, program objectives and priorities of the municipality as
provided for under Section 18 of this Code with particular attention to agro-
industrial development and countryside growth and progress, and relative
thereto, shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Approve the annual and supplemental budgets of the municipal government
and appropriate funds for specific programs, projects, services and activities of
the municipality, or for other purposes not contrary to law, in order to promote
the general welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants;
(ii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang bayan, enact
ordinances levying taxes, fees and charges, prescribing the rates thereof for
general and specific purposes, and granting tax exemptions, incentives or
reliefs;
(iii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and upon the majority vote
of all the members of the sangguniang bayan, authorize the municipal mayor to
negotiate and contract loans and other forms of indebtedness;
(iv) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang bayan, enact
ordinances authorizing the floating of bonds or other instruments of
indebtedness, for the purpose of raising funds to finance development projects;
(v) Appropriate funds for the construction and maintenance or the rental of
buildings for the use of the municipality and, upon the majority vote of all the
members of the sangguniang bayan, authorize the municipal mayor to lease to
private parties such public buildings held in a proprietary capacity, subject to
existing laws, rules and regulations;
(vi) Prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within the
jurisdiction of the municipality;
(vii) Adopt a comprehensive land use plan for the municipality: Provided, That
the formulation, adoption, or modification of said plan shall be in coordination
with the approved provincial comprehensive land use plan;
(viii) Reclassify land within the jurisdiction of the municipality, subject to the
pertinent provisions of this Code;
(ix) Enact integrated zoning ordinances in consonance with the approved
comprehensive land use plan, subject to existing laws, rules and regulations;
establish fire limits or zones, particularly in populous centers; and regulate the
construction, repair or modification of buildings within said fire limits or zones
in accordance with the provisions of the Fire Code;
(x) Subject to national law, process and approve subdivision plans for
residential, commercial, or industrial purposes and other development
purposes, and collect processing fees and other charges, the proceeds of which
shall accrue entirely to the municipality: Provided, however, That, where
approval by a national agency or office is required, said approval shall not be
withheld for more than thirty (30) days from receipt of the application. Failure
to act on the application within the period stated above shall be deemed as
approval thereof;
(xi) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, grant the exclusive
privilege of constructing fish corrals or fish pens, or the taking or catching of
bangus fry, prawn fry or kawag-kawag or fry of any species or fish within the
municipal waters;
(xii) With the concurrence of at least two-thirds (2/3) of all the members of the
sangguniang bayan, grant tax exemptions, incentives or reliefs to entities
engaged in community growth-inducing industries, subject to the provisions of
Chapter 5, Title I, Book II of this Code;
(xiii) Grant loans or provide grants to other local government units or to
national, provincial and municipal charitable, benevolent or educational
institutions: Provided, That said institutions are operated and maintained within
the municipality;
(xiv) Regulate the numbering of residential, commercial and other buildings;
and,
(xv) Regulate the inspection, weighing and measuring of articles of commerce. cralaw

(3) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, grant franchises, enact
ordinances authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, or enact ordinances
levying taxes, fees and charges upon such conditions and for such purposes
intended to promote the general welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality,
and pursuant to this legislative authority shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Fix and impose reasonable fees and charges for all services rendered by the
municipal government to private persons or entities;
(ii) Regulate any business, occupation, or practice of profession or calling which
does not require government examination within the municipality and the
conditions under which the license for said business or practice of profession
may be issued or revoked;
(iii) Prescribe the terms and conditions under which public utilities owned by the
municipality shall be operated by the municipal government or leased to private
persons or entities, preferably cooperatives;
(iv) Regulate the display of and fix the license fees for signs, signboards, or
billboards at the place or places where the profession or business advertised
thereby is, in whole or in part, conducted;
(v) Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, authorize and license the
establishment, operation, and maintenance of cockpits, and regulate
cockfighting and commercial breeding of gamecocks: Provided, That existing
rights should not be prejudiced;
(vi) Subject to the guidelines prescribed by the Department of Transportation
and Communications, regulate the operation of tricycles and grant franchises
for the operation thereof within the territorial jurisdiction of the municipality;
(vii) Upon approval by a majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang
bayan, grant a franchise to any person, partnership, corporation, or cooperative
to establish, construct, operate and maintain ferries, wharves, markets or
slaughterhouses, or such other similar activities within the municipality as may
be allowed by applicable laws: Provided, That, cooperatives shall be given
preference in the grant of such a franchise. cralaw

(4) Regulate activities relative to the use of land, buildings and structures
within the municipality in order to promote the general welfare and for said
purpose shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Declare, prevent or abate any nuisance;

(ii) Require that buildings and the premises thereof and any land within the
municipality be kept and maintained in a sanitary condition; impose penalties
for any violation thereof, or upon failure to comply with said requirement, have
the work done and require the owner, administrator or tenant concerned to pay
the expenses of the same; or require the filling up of any land or premises to a
grade necessary for proper sanitation;
(iii) Regulate the disposal of clinical and other wastes from hospitals, clinics and
other similar establishments;
(iv) Regulate the establishment, operation and maintenance of cafes,
restaurants, beerhouses, hotels, motels, inns, pension houses, lodging houses,
and other similar establishments, including tourist guides and transports;
(v) Regulate the sale, giving away or dispensing of any intoxicating malt, vino,
mixed or fermented liquors at any retail outlet;
(vi) Regulate the establishment and provide for the inspection of steam boilers
or any heating device in buildings and the storage of inflammable and highly
combustible materials within the municipality;
(vii) Regulate the establishment, operation, and mainte nance of entertainment
or amusement facilities, including theatrical performances, circuses, billiard
pools, public dancing schools, public dance halls, sauna baths, massage parlors,
and other places of entertainment or amusement; regulate such other events or
activities for amusement or entertainment, particularly those which tend to
disturb the community or annoy the inhabitants, or require the suspension or
suppression of the same; or, prohibit certain forms of amusement or
entertainment in order to protect the social and moral welfare of the
community;
(viii) Provide for the impounding of stray animals; regulate the keeping of
animals in homes or as part of a business, and the slaughter, sale or disposition
of the same; and adopt measures to prevent and penalize cruelty to animals;
and cralaw

(ix) Regulate the establishment, operation, and maintenance of funeral parlors

and the burial or cremation of the dead, subject to existing laws, rules and
regulations. cralaw

(5) Approve ordinances which shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of
the basic services and facilities as provided for under Section 17 of this Code,
and in addition to said services and facilities, shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Provide for the establishment, maintenance, protection, and conservation of

communal forests and water sheds, tree parks, greenbelts, mangroves, and
other similar forest development projects;
(ii) Establish markets, slaughterhouses or animal corrals and authorize the
operation thereof, and regulate the construction and operation of private
markets, talipapas or other similar buildings and structures;
(iii) Authorize the establishment, maintenance and operation of ferries,
wharves, and other structures, and marine and seashore or offshore activities
intended to accelerate productivity;
(iv) Regulate the preparation and sale of meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruits,
fresh dairy products, and other foodstuffs for public consumption;
(v) Regulate the use of streets, avenues, alleys, sidewalks, bridges, parks and
other public places and approve the construction, improvement, repair and
maintenance of the same; establish bus and vehicle stops and terminals or
regulate the use of the same by privately-owned vehicles which serve the
public; regulate garages and the operation of conveyances for hire; designate
stands to be occupied by public vehicles when not in use; regulate the putting
up of signs, signposts, awnings and awning posts on the streets; and provide
for the lighting, cleaning and sprinkling of streets and public places;
(vi) Regulate traffic on all streets and bridges, prohibit the putting up of
encroachments or obstacles thereon, and, when necessary in the interest of
public welfare, authorize the removal of encroachments and illegal
constructions in public places;
(vii) Subject to existing laws, provide for the establishment, operation,
maintenance, and repair of an efficient waterworks system to supply water for
the inhabitants; regulate the construction, maintenance, repair and use of
hydrants, pumps, cisterns and reservoirs; protect the purity and quantity of the
water supply of the municipality and, for this purpose, extend the coverage of
appropriate ordinances over all territory within the drainage area of said water
supply and within one hundred (100) meters of the reservoir, conduit, canal,
aqueduct, pumping station, or watershed used in connection with the water
service; and regulate the consumption, use or wastage of water;
(viii) Regulate the drilling and excavation of the ground for the laying of water,
gas, sewer, and other pipes and the construction, repair and maintenance of
public drains, sewers, cesspools, tunnels and similar structures; regulate the
placing of poles and the use of crosswalks, curbs, and gutters; adopt measures
to ensure public safety against open canals, manholes, live wires and other
similar hazards to life and property; and, regulate the construction and use of
private water closets, privies and other similar structures in buildings and
homes;
(ix) Regulate the placing, stringing, attaching, installing, repair and
construction of all gas mains, electric, telegraph and telephone wires, conduits,
meters and other apparatus; and, provide for the correction, condemnation or
removal of the same when found to be dangerous, defective or otherwise
hazardous to the welfare of the inhabitants;
(x) Subject to the availability of funds and to existing laws, rules and
regulations, establish and provide for the operation of vocational and technical
schools and similar post-secondary institutions and, with the approval of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports, fix and collect reasonable fees
and other school charges on said institutions, subject to existing laws on tuition
fees;
(xi) Establish a scholarship fund for poor but deserving students residing within
the municipality in schools located within its jurisdiction;
(xii) Approve measures and adopt quarantine regulations to prevent the
introduction and spread of diseases;
(xiii) Provide for an efficient and effective system of solid waste and garbage
collection and disposal and prohibit littering and the placing or throwing of
garbage, refuse and other filth and wastes;
(xiv) Provide for the care of paupers, the aged, the sick, persons of unsound
mind, disabled persons, abandoned minors, juvenile delinquents, drug
dependents, abused children and other needy and disadvantaged persons,
particularly children and youth below eighteen (18) years of age and, subject to
availability of funds, establish and provide for the operation of centers and
facilities for said needy and disadvantaged persons;
(xv) Establish and provide for the maintenance and improvement of jails and
detention centers, institute sound jail management programs, and appropriate
funds for the subsistence of detainees and convicted prisoners in the
municipality;
(xiv) Establish a municipal council whose purpose is the promotion of culture
and the arts, coordinate with government agencies and non-governmental
organizations and, subject to the availability of funds, appropriate funds for the
support and development of the same; and  cralaw

(xvii) Establish a municipal council for the elderly which shall formulate policies
and adopt measures mutually beneficial to the elderly and to the community;
provide incentives for non-governmental agencies and entities and, subject to
the availability of funds, appropriate funds to support programs and projects for
the benefit of the elderly; and 
cralaw

(6) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) The members of the sangguniang bayan shall receive a minimum monthly
compensation corresponding to Salary Grade twenty-four (24) as prescribed
under R.A. 6758 and the implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto:
Provided, That, in municipalities in the Metropolitan Manila Area and other
metropolitan political subdivisions, members of the sangguniang bayan shall
receive a minimum monthly compensation corresponding to Salary grade
twenty-five (25). 
TITLE THREE. - THE CITY
CHAPTER 1 - ROLE AND CREATION OF THE CITY
SEC. 448. Role of the City. - The city, consisting of more urbanized and
developed barangays, serves as a general-purpose government for the
coordination and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.
SEC. 449. Manner of Creation. - A city may be created, divided, merged,
abolished, or its boundary substantially altered, only by an Act of Congress, and
subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be
conducted by the Comelec in the local government unit or units directly
affected. Except as may otherwise be provided in such Act, the plebiscite shall
be held within one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of its effectivity. cralaw

SEC. 450. Requisites for Creation. - (a) A municipality or a cluster of barangays

may be converted into a component city if it has an average annual income, as
certified by the Department of Finance, of at least Twenty million pesos
(P20,000,000.00) for the last two (2) consecutive years based on 1991
constant prices, and if it has either of the following requisites:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) a contiguous territory of at least one hundred (100) square kilometers, as

certified by the Lands Management Bureau; or,
(ii) a population of not less than one hundred fifty thousand (150,000)
inhabitants, as certified by the National Statistics Office: Provided, That, the
creation thereof shall not reduce the land area, population, and income of the
original unit or units at the time of said creation to less than the minimum
requirements prescribed herein. cralaw

(b) The territorial jurisdiction of a newly-created city shall be properly identified

by metes and bounds. The requirement on land area shall not apply where the
city proposed to be created is composed of one (1) or more islands. The
territory need not be contiguous if it comprises two (2) or more islands. cralaw

(c) The average annual income shall include the income accruing to the general
fund, exclusive of special funds, transfers, and non-recurring income. cralaw

SEC. 451. Cities, Classified. - A city may either be component or highly

urbanized: Provided, however, That the criteria established in this Code shall
not affect the classification and corporate status of existing cities. Independent
component cities are those component cities whose charters prohibit their
voters from voting for provincial elective officials. Independent component
cities shall be independent of the province. cralaw

SEC. 452. Highly Urbanized Cities. - (a) Cities with a minimum population of

two hundred thousand (200,000) inhabitants, as certified by the National
Statistics Office, and with the latest annual income of at least Fifty Million Pesos
(P=50,000,000.00) based on 1991 constant prices, as certified by the city
treasurer, shall be classified as highly urbanized cities. cralaw

(b) Cities which do not meet the above requirements shall be considered
component cities of the province in which they are geographically located. If a
component city is located within the boundaries of two (2) or more provinces,
such city shall be considered a component of the province of which it used to be
a municipality.cralaw

(c) Qualified voters of highly urbanized cities shall remain excluded from voting
for elective provincial officials. Unless otherwise provided in the Constitution or
this Code, qualified voters of independent component cities shall be governed
by their respective charters, as amended, on the participation of voters in
provincial elections. Qualified voters of cities who acquired the right to vote for
elective provincial officials prior to the classification of said cities as highly-
urbanized after the ratification of the Constitution and before the effectivity of
this Code, shall continue to exercise such right. cralaw

SEC. 453. Duty to Declare Highly Urbanized Status. - It shall be the duty of the
President to declare a city as highly urbanized within thirty (30) days after it
shall have met the minimum requirements prescribed in the immediately
preceding section, upon proper application therefor and ratification in a
plebiscite by the qualified voters therein.cralaw

CHAPTER 2 - CITY OFFICIALS IN GENERAL

SEC. 454. Officials of the City Government. - (a) There shall be in each city a
mayor, a vice-mayor, sangguniang panlungsod members, a secretary to the
sangguniang panlungsod, a city treasurer, a city assessor, a city accountant, a
city budget officer, a city planning and development coordinator, a city
engineer, a city health officer, a city civil registrar, a city administrator, a city
legal officer, a city veterinarian, a city social welfare and development officer,
and a city general services officer.
(b) In addition thereto, the city mayor may appoint a city architect, a city
information officer, a city agriculturist, a city population officer, a city
environment and natural resources officer, and a city cooperatives officer. The
appointment of a city population officer shall be optional in the city: Provided,
however, That cities which have existing population offices shall continue to
maintain such offices for a period of five (5) years from the date of the
effectivity of this Code, after which said offices shall become optional. cralaw

(c) The sangguniang panlungsod may: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Maintain existing offices not mentioned in subsections (a) and (b) hereof;
(2) Create such other offices as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of
the city government; or
(3) Consolidate the functions of any office with those of another in the interest
of efficiency and economy. cralaw

(d) Unless otherwise provided herein, heads of departments and offices shall be
appointed by the city mayor with the concurrence of the majority of all the
sangguniang panlungsod members, subject to civil service law, rules and
regulations. The sangguniang panlungsod shall act on the appointment within
fifteen (15) days from the date of its submission, otherwise the same shall be
deemed confirmed. cralaw

(e) Elective and appointive city officials shall receive such compensation,
allowances, and other emoluments as may be determined by law or ordinance,
subject to the budgetary limitations on personal services prescribed under Title
Five, Book II of this Code: Provided, That, no increase in compensation of the
mayor, vice-mayor and sangguniang panlungsod members shall take effect
until after the expiration of the full term of the said local officials approving
such increase. 
CHAPTER 3 - OFFICIALS AND OFFICES COMMON TO ALL CITIES
Article One. - The City Mayor
SEC. 455. Chief Executive; Powers, Duties and Compensation. - (a) The city
mayor, as chief executive of the city government, shall exercise such powers
and perform such duties and functions as provided by this Code and other laws.
(b) For efficient, effective and economical governance the purpose of which is
the general welfare of the city and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16 of this
Code, the city mayor shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects,
services, and activities of the city government, and in this connection, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Determine the guidelines of city policies and be responsible to the

sangguniang panlungsod for the program of government;
(ii) Direct the formulation of the city development plan, with the assistance of
the city development council, and upon approval thereof by the sangguniang
panlungsod, implement the same;
(iii) Present the program of government and propose policies and projects for
the consideration of the sangguniang panlungsod at the opening of the regular
session of the sangguniang panlungsod every calendar year and as often as
may be deemed necessary as the general welfare of the inhabitants and the
needs of the city government may require;
(iv) Initiate and propose legislative measures to the sangguniang panlungsod
and as often as may be deemed necessary, provide such information and data
needed or requested by said sanggunian in the performance of its legislative
functions;
(v) Appoint all officials and employees whose salaries and wages are wholly or
mainly paid out of city funds and whose appointments are not otherwise
provided for in this Code, as well as those he may be authorized by law to
appoint;
(vi) Represent the city in all its business transactions and sign in its behalf all
bonds, contracts, and obligations, and such other documents upon authority of
the sangguniang panlungsod or pursuant to law or ordinance;
(vii)Carry out such emergency measures as may be necessary during and in the
aftermath of man-made and natural disasters and calamities;
(viii)Determine the time, manner and place of payment of salaries or wages of
the officials and employees of the city, in accordance with law or ordinance;
(ix) Allocate and assign office space to city and other officials and employees
who, by law or ordinance, are entitled to such space in the city hall and other
buildings owned or leased by the city government;
(x) Ensure that all executive officials and employees of the city faithfully
discharge their duties and functions as provided by law and this Code, and
cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings against any official
or employee of the city who may have committed an offense in the
performance of his official duties;
(xi) Examine the books, records and other documents of all offices, officials,
agents or employees of the city and, in aid of his executive powers and
authority, require all national officials and employees stationed in or assigned
to the city to make available to him such books, records, and other documents
in their custody, except those classified by law as confidential;
(xii) Furnish copies of executive orders issued by him, to the provincial
governor in the case of component city mayors, to the Office of the President in
the case of highly-urbanized city mayors, and to their respective metropolitan
council chairmen in the case of mayors of cities in the Metropolitan Manila Area
and other metropolitan political subdivisions, within seventy-two (72) hours
after their issuance;
(xiii) Visit component barangays of the city at least once every six (6) months
to deepen his understanding of problems and conditions, listen and give
appropriate counsel to local officials and inhabitants, inform the component
barangay officials and inhabitants of general laws and ordinances which
especially concern them, and otherwise conduct visits and inspections to ensure
that the governance of the city will improve the quality of life of the
inhabitants;
(xiv) Act on leave applications of officials and employees appointed by him and
the commutation of the monetary value of their leave credits in accordance
with law;
(xv) Authorize official trips of city officials and employees outside of the city for
a period not exceeding thirty (30) days;
(xvi) Call upon any national official or employee stationed in or assigned to the
city to advise him on matters affecting the city and to make recommendations
thereon; coordinate with said official or employee in the formulation and
implementation of plans, programs and projects; and, when appropriate,
initiate an administrative or judicial action against a national government
official or employee who may have committed an offense in the performance of
his official duties while stationed in or assigned to the city;
(xvii) Authorize payment for medical care, necessary transportation,
subsistence, hospital or medical fees of city officials and employees who are
injured while in the performance of their official duties and functions, subject to
availability of funds;
(xviii) Solemnize marriage, any provision of law to the contrary
notwithstanding;
(xix) Conduct an annual palarong panlungsod, which shall feature traditional
sports and disciplines included in national and international games, in
coordination with the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; and,
(xx)Submit to the provincial governor, in the case of component cities; to the
Office of the President, in the case of highly-urbanized cities; to their respective
metropolitan authority council chairmen and to the Office of the President, in
the case of cities of the Metropolitan Manila Area and other metropolitan
political subdivisions, the following reports: an annual report containing a
summary of all matters pertinent to the management, administration and
development of the city and all information and data relative to its political,
social and economic conditions; and supplemental reports when unexpected
events and situations arise at any time during the year, particularly when man-
made or natural disasters or calamities affect the general welfare of the city,
province, region or country;
(2) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the governance of the city and in
the exercise of the appropriate corporate powers provided for under Section 22
of this Code, implement all approved policies, programs, projects, services and
activities of the city and, in addition to the foregoing, shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that the acts of the city's component barangays and of its officials
and employees are within the scope of their prescribed powers, duties and
functions;
(ii) Call conventions, conferences, seminars, or meetings of any elective and
appointive officials of the city, including provincial officials and national officials
and employees stationed in or assigned to the city, at such time and place and
on such subject as he may deem important for the promotion of the general
welfare of the local government unit and its inhabitants;
(iii) Issue such executive orders for the faithful and appropriate enforcement
and execution of laws and ordinances;
(iv) Be entitled to carry the necessary firearm within his territorial jurisdiction;
(v) Act as the deputized representative of the National Police Commission,
formulate the peace and order plan of the city and upon its approval,
implement the same; and as such exercise general and operational control and
supervision over the local police forces in the city, in accordance with R.A. No.
6975;
(vi) Call upon the appropriate law enforcement agencies to suppress disorder,
riot, lawless violence, rebellion or sedition, or to apprehend violators of the law
when public interest so requires and the city police forces are inadequate to
cope with the situation or the violators;
(3) Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply
the same to the implementation of development plans, program objectives and
priorities as provided for under Section 18 of this Code, particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
countryside growth and progress and, relative thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Require each head of an office or department to prepare and submit an

estimate of appropriations for the ensuing calendar year, in accordance with the
budget preparations process under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(ii) Prepare and submit to the sanggunian for approval the executive and
supplemental budgets of the city for the ensuing calendar year in the manner
provided for under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(iii) Ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the city are collected, and that
city funds are applied to the payment of expenses and settlement of obligations
of the city, in accordance with law or ordinance;
(iv) Issue licenses and permits and suspend or revoke the same for any
violation of the conditions upon which said licenses or permits had been issued,
pursuant to law or ordinance;
(v) Issue permits, without need of approval therefor from any national agency,
for the holding of activities for any charitable or welfare purpose, excluding
prohibited games of chance or shows contrary to law, public policy and public
morals;
(vi) Require owners of illegally constructed houses, buildings or other structures
to obtain the necessary permit, subject to such fines and penalties as may be
imposed by law or ordinance, or to make necessary changes in the construction
of the same when said construction violates any law or ordinance, or to order
the demolition or removal of said house, building or structure within the period
prescribed by law or ordinance;
(vii) Adopt adequate measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral,
marine, forest, and other resources of the city; provide efficient and effective
property and supply management in the city; and protect the funds, credits,
rights and other properties of the city; and  cralaw

(viii) Institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings for

violation of ordinances in the collection of taxes, fees or charges, and for the
recovery of funds and property; and cause the city to be defended against all
suits to ensure that its interests, resources and rights shall be adequately
protected;
(4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities
as provided for under Section 17 of this Code and, in addition thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that the construction and repair of roads and highways funded by the
national government shall be, as far as practicable, carried out in a spatially
contiguous manner and in coordination with the construction and repair of the
roads and bridges of the city, and in the case of component cities, of the city
and of the province; and cralaw

(ii) Coordinate the implementation of technical services, including public works

and infrastructure programs, rendered by national offices in the case of highly
urbanized and independent component cities, and by national and provincial
offices in the case of component cities; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(c) During his incumbency, the city mayor shall hold office in the city hall.
cralaw

(d) The city mayor shall receive a minimum monthly compensation

corresponding to Salary Grade Thirty (30) as prescribed under R.A. No. 6758
and the implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Two. - The City Vice-Mayor
SEC. 456. Powers, Duties and Compensation. - (a) The cityvice-mayor shall: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(1) Be the presiding officer of the sangguniang panlungsod and sign all
warrants drawn on the city treasury for all expenditures appropriated for the
operation of the sangguniang panlungsod;
(2) Subject to civil service law, rules and regulations, appoint all officials and
employees of the sangguniang panlungsod, except those whose manner of
appointment is specifically provided in this Code;
(3) Assume the office of the city mayor for the unexpired term of the latter in
the event of permanent vacancy as provided for in Section 44, Book I of this
Code;
(4) Exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the city mayor
in cases of temporary vacancy as provided for in Section 46, Book I of this
Code; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) The city vice-mayor shall receive a monthly compensation corresponding to

Salary Grade twenty eight (28) for a highly urbanized city and Salary Grade
twenty six (26) for a component city, as prescribed under R.A. No. 6758 and
the implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Three. - The Sangguniang Panlungsod
SEC. 457. Composition. - (a) The sangguniang panlungsod, the legislative body
of the city, shall be composed of the city vice-mayor as presiding officer, the
regular sanggunian members, the president of the city chapter of the liga ng
mga barangay, the president of the panlungsod na pederasyon ng mga
sangguniang kabataan, and the sectoral representatives, as members.
(b) In addition thereto, there shall be three (3) sectoral representatives: one
(1) from the women; and, as shall be determined by the sanggunian concerned
within ninety (90) days prior to the holding of the local elections, one (1) from
the agricultural or industrial workers; and one (1) from the other sectors,
including the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, or disabled persons. cralaw

(c) The regular members of the sangguniang panlungsod and the sectoral
representatives shall be elected in the manner as may be provided for by law. cralaw
SEC. 458. - Powers, Duties, Functions and Compensation. - (a) The
sangguniang panlungsod, as the legislative body of the city, shall enact
ordinances, approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare
of the city and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16 of this Code and in the
proper exercise of the corporate powers of the city as provided for under
Section 22 of this Code, and shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for an efficient and
effective city government, and in this connection, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Review all ordinances approved by the sangguniang barangay and executive
orders issued by the punong barangay to determine whether these are within
the scope of the prescribed powers of the sanggunian and of the punong
barangay;
(ii) Maintain peace and order by enacting measures to prevent and suppress
lawlessness, disorder, riot, violence, rebellion or sedition and impose penalties
for the violation of said ordinances;
(iii) Approve ordinances imposing a fine not exceeding Five thousand pesos
(P5,000.00) or an imprisonment for a period not exceeding one (1) year, or
both in the discretion of the court, for the violation of a city ordinance;
(iv) Adopt measures to protect the inhabitants of the city from the harmful
effects of man-made or natural disasters and calamities, and to provide relief
services and assistance for victims during and in the aftermath of said disasters
or calamities and their return to productive livelihood following said events;
(v) Enact ordinances intended to prevent, suppress and impose appropriate
penalties for habitual drunkenness in public places, vagrancy, mendicancy,
prostitution, establishment and maintenance of houses of ill repute, gambling
and other prohibited games of chance, fraudulent devices and ways to obtain
money or property, drug addiction, maintenance of drug dens, drug pushing,
juvenile delinquency, the printing, distribution or exhibition of obscene or
pornographic materials or publications, and such other activities inimical to the
welfare and morals of the inhabitants of the city;
(vi) Protect the environment and impose appropriate penalties for acts which
endanger the environment, such as dynamite fishing and other forms of
destructive fishing, illegal logging and smuggling of logs, smuggling of natural
resources products and of endangered species of flora and fauna, slash and
burn farming, and such other activities which result in pollution, acceleration of
eutrophication of rivers and lakes, or of ecological imbalance;
(vii) Subject to the provisions of this Code and pertinent laws, determine the
powers and duties of officials and employees of the city;
(viii) Determine the positions and the salaries, wages, allowances and other
emoluments and benefits of officials and employees paid wholly or mainly from
city funds and provide for expenditures necessary for the proper conduct of
programs, projects, services, and activities of the city government;
(ix) Authorize the payment of compensation to a qualified person not in the
government service who fills up a temporary vacancy or grant honorarium to
any qualified official or employee designated to fill a temporary vacancy in a
concurrent capacity, at the rate authorized by law;
(x) Provide a mechanism and the appropriate funds therefor, to ensure the
safety and protection of all city government property, public documents, or
records such as those relating to property inventory, land ownership, records of
births, marriages, deaths, assessments, taxation, accounts, business permits,
and such other records and documents of public interest in the offices and
departments of the city government;
(xi) When the finances of the city government allow, provide for additional
allowances and other benefits to judges, prosecutors, public elementary and
high school teachers, and other national government officials stationed in or
assigned to the city;
(xii) Provide legal assistance to barangay officials who, in the performance of
their official duties or on the occasion thereof, have to initiate judicial
proceedings or defend themselves against legal action; and  cralaw

(xiii) Provide for group insurance or additional insurance coverage for all
barangay officials, including members of barangay tanod brigades and other
service units, with public or private insurance companies, when the finances of
the city government allow said coverage;
(2) Generate and maximize the use of resources and revenues for the
development plans, program objectives and priorities of the city as provided for
under Section 18 of this Code, with particular attention to agro-industrial
development and city-wide growth and progress, and relative thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Approve the annual and supplemental budgets of the city government and
appropriate funds for specific programs, projects, services and activities of the
city, or for other purposes not contrary to law, in order to promote the general
welfare of the city and its inhabitants;
(ii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang panlungsod,
enact ordinances levying taxes, fees and charges, prescribing the rates thereof
for general and specific purposes, and granting tax exemptions, incentives or
reliefs;
(iii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and upon the majority vote
of all the members of the sangguniang panlungsod, authorize the city mayor to
negotiate and contract loans and other forms of indebtedness;
(iv) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang panlungsod,
enact ordinances authorizing the floating of bonds or other instruments of
indebtedness, for the purpose of raising funds to finance development projects;
(v) Appropriate funds for the construction and maintenance or the rental of
buildings for the use of the city; and, upon the majority vote of all the members
of the sangguniang panlungsod, authorize the city mayor to lease to private
parties such public buildings held in a proprietary capacity, subject to existing
laws, rules and regulations;
(vi) Prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within the
jurisdiction of the city;
(vii) Adopt a comprehensive land use plan for the city: Provided, That in the
case of component cities, the formulation, adoption or modification of said plan
shall be in coordination with the approved provincial comprehensive land use
plan;
(viii) Reclassify land within the jurisdiction of the city, subject to the pertinent
provisions of this Code;
(ix) Enact integrated zoning ordinances in consonance with the approved
comprehensive land use plan, subject to existing laws, rules and regulations;
establish fire limits or zones, particularly in populous centers; and regulate the
construction, repair or modification of buildings within said fire limits or zones
in accordance with the provisions of the Fire Code;
(x) Subject to national law, process and approve subdivision plans for
residential, commercial, or industrial purposes and other development
purposes, and to collect processing fees and other charges, the proceeds of
which shall accrue entirely to the city: Provided, however, That where approval
of a national agency or office is required, said approval shall not be withheld for
more than thirty (30) days from receipt of the application. Failure to act on the
application within the period stated above shall be deemed as approval thereof;
(xi) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, grant the exclusive
privilege of constructing fish corrals or fish pens, or the taking or catching of
bangus fry, prawn fry or kawag-kawag, or fry of any species or fish within the
city waters;
(xii) With the concurrence of at least two-thirds (2/3) of all the members of the
sangguniang panlungsod, grant tax exemptions, incentives or reliefs to entities
engaged in community growth-inducing industries, subject to the provisions of
Chapter 5, Title I, Book II of this Code;
(xiii) Grant loans or provide grants to other local government units or to
national, provincial, and city charitable, benevolent or educational institutions:
Provided, That, said institutions are operated and maintained within the city;
(xiv)Regulate the numbering of residential, commercial and other buildings;
and,
(xv) Regulate the inspection, weighing and measuring of articles of commerce. cralaw

(3) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, enact ordinances granting
franchises and authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, upon such
conditions and for such purposes intended to promote the general welfare of
the inhabitants of the city and pursuant to this legislative authority shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Fix and impose reasonable fees and charges for all services rendered by the
city government to private persons or entities;
(ii) Regulate or fix license fees for any business or practice of profession within
the city and the conditions under which the license for said business or practice
of profession may be revoked and enact ordinances levying taxes thereon;
(iii) Provide for and set the terms and conditions under which public utilities
owned by the city shall be operated by the city government, and prescribe the
conditions under which the same may be leased to private persons or entities,
preferably cooperatives;
(iv) Regulate the display of and fix the license fees for signs, signboards, or
billboards at the place or places where the profession or business advertised
thereby is, in whole or in part, conducted;
(v) Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, authorize and license the
establishment, operation, and maintenance of cockpits, and regulate
cockfighting and commercial breeding of gamecocks: Provided, That existing
rights should not be prejudiced;
(vi) Subject to the guidelines prescribed by the Department of Transportation
and Communications, regulate the operation of tricycles and grant franchises
for the operation thereof within the territorial jurisdiction of the city;
(vii)Upon approval by a majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang
panlungsod: grant a franchise to any person, partnership, corporation, or
cooperative to do business within the city; establish, construct, operate and
maintain ferries, wharves, markets or slaughterhouses; or undertake such
other activities within the city as may be allowed by existing laws: Provided,
That, cooperatives shall be given preference in the grant of such a franchise. cralaw

(4) Regulate activities relative to the use of land, buildings and structures
within the city in order to promote the general welfare and for said purpose
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Declare, prevent or abate any nuisance;

(ii) Require that buildings and the premises thereof and any land within the city
be kept and maintained in a sanitary condition; impose penalties for any
violation thereof; or, upon failure to comply with said requirement, have the
work done at the expense of the owner, administrator or tenant concerned; or
require the filling up of any land or premises to a grade necessary for proper
sanitation;
(iii) Regulate the disposal of clinical and other wastes from hospitals, clinics and
other similar es ta bl is hm en ts ;
(iv) Regulate the establishment, operation and cafes, restaurants, beerhouses,
hotels, motels, inns, pension houses, lodging houses, and other similar
establishments, including tourist guides and transports;
(v) Regulate the sale, giving away or dispensing of any intoxicating malt, vino,
mixed or fermented liquors at any retail outlet;
(vi) Regulate the establishment and provide for the inspection of steam boilers
or any heating device in buildings and the storage of inflammable and highly
combustible materials within the city;
(vii) Regulate the establishment, operation, and maintenance of any
entertainment or amusement facilities, including theatrical performances,
circuses, billiard pools, public dancing schools, public dance halls, sauna baths,
massage parlors, and other places for entertainment or amusement; regulate
such other events or activities for amusement or entertainment, particularly
those which tend to disturb the community or annoy the inhabitants, or require
the suspension or suppression of the same; or, prohibit certain forms of
amusement or entertainment in order to protect the social and moral welfare of
the community;
(viii)Provide for the impounding of stray animals; regulate the keeping of
animals in homes or as part of a business, and the slaughter, sale or disposition
of the same; and adopt measures to prevent and penalize cruelty to animals;
and,
(ix) Regulate the establishment, operation and maintenance of funeral parlors
and the burial or cremation of the dead, subject to existing laws, rules and
regulations.cralaw

(5) Approve ordinances which shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of
the basic services and facilities as provided for under Section 17 of this Code,
and in addition to said services and facilities, shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Provide for the establishment, maintenance, protection, and conservation of

communal forests and water sheds, tree parks, greenbelts, mangroves, and
other similar forest development projects;
(ii) Establish markets, slaughterhouses or animal corrals and authorize the
operation thereof by the city government; and regulate the construction and
operation of private markets, talipapas or other similar buildings and
structures;
(iii)Authorize the establishment, maintenance and operation by the city
government of ferries, wharves, and other structures intended to accelerate
productivity related to marine and seashore or offshore activities;
(iv) Regulate the preparation and sale of meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruits,
fresh dairy products, and other foodstuffs for public consumption;
(v) Regulate the use of streets, avenues, alleys, sidewalks, bridges, parks and
other public places and approve the construction, improvement, repair and
maintenance of the same; establish bus and vehicle stops and terminals or
regulate the use of the same by privately-owned vehicles which serve the
public; regulate garages and the operation of conveyances for hire; designate
stands to be occupied by public vehicles when not in use; regulate the putting
up of signs, signposts, awnings and awning posts on the streets; and provide
for the lighting, cleaning and sprinkling of streets and public places;
(vi) Regulate traffic on all streets and bridges; prohibit encroachments or
obstacles thereon and, when necessary in the interest of public welfare,
authorize the removal of encroachments and illegal constructions in public
places;
(vii)Subject to existing laws, establish and provide for the maintenance, repair
and operation of an efficient waterworks system to supply water for the
inhabitants and to purify the source of the water supply; regulate the
construction, maintenance, repair and use of hydrants, pumps, cisterns and
reservoirs; protect the purity and quantity of the water supply of the city and,
for this purpose, extend the coverage of appropriate ordinances over all
territory within the drainage area of said water supply and within one hundred
(100) meters of the reservoir, conduit, canal, aqueduct, pumping station, or
watershed used in connection with the water service; and regulate the
consumption, use or wastage of water and fix and collect charges therefor;
(viii) Regulate the drilling and excavation of the ground for the laying of water,
gas, sewer, and other pipes and the construction, repair and maintenance of
public drains, sewers, cesspools, tunnels and similar structures; regulate the
placing of poles and the use of crosswalks, curbs, and gutters; adopt measures
to ensure public safety against open canals, manholes, live wires and other
similar hazards to life and property; and regulate the construction and use of
private water closets, privies and other similar structures in buildings and
homes;
(ix) Regulate the placing, stringing, attaching, installing, repair and
construction of all gas mains, electric, telegraph and telephone wires, conduits,
meters and other apparatus; and provide for the correction, condemnation or
removal of the same when found to be dangerous, defective, or otherwise
hazardous to the welfare of the inhabitants;
(x) Subject to the availability of funds and to existing laws, rules and
regulations, establish and provide for the operation of vocational and technical
schools and similar post-secondary institutions and, with the approval of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports and subject to existing law on
tuition fees, fix and collect reasonable tuition fees and other school charges in
educational institutions supported by the city government;
(xi) Establish a scholarship fund for the poor but deserving students in schools
located within its jurisdiction or for students residing within the city;
(xii) Approve measures and adopt quarantine regulations to prevent the
introduction and spread of diseases;
(xiii) Provide for an efficient and effective system of solid waste and garbage
collection and disposal; prohibit littering and the placing or throwing of
garbage, refuse and other filth and wastes;
(xiv) Provide for the care of disabled persons, paupers, the aged, the sick,
persons of unsound mind, abandoned minors, juvenile delinquents, drug
dependents, abused children and other needy and disadvantaged persons,
particularly children and youth below eighteen (18) years of age; and, subject
to availability of funds, establish and provide for the operation of centers and
facilities for said needy and disadvantaged persons;
(xv) Establish and provide for the maintenance and improvement of jails and
detention centers, institute a sound jail management, and appropriate funds for
the subsistence of detainees and convicted prisoners in the city;
(xvi) Establish a City council whose purpose is the promotion of culture and the
arts, coordinate with government agencies and non-governmental organizations
and, subject to the availability of funds, appropriate funds for the support and
development of the same; and  cralaw

(xvii) Establish a City council for the elderly which shall formulate policies and
adopt measures mutually beneficial to the elderly and to the community;
provide incentives for non-governmental agencies and entities and, subject to
the availability of funds, appropriate funds to support programs and projects for
the benefit of the elderly; and (6) Exercise such other powers and perform such
other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) The members of the sangguniang panlungsod of component cities shall

receive a minimum monthly compensation corresponding to Salary Grade
twenty-five (25) and members of the sangguniang panlungsod of highly-
urbanized cities shall receive a minimum monthly compensation corresponding
to Salary Grade twenty-seven (27), as prescribed under R.A. 6758 and the
implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
TITLE FOUR. - THE PROVINCE
 CHAPTER 1 - ROLE AND CREATION OF THE PROVINCE
SEC. 459. Role of the Province. - The province, composed of a cluster of
municipalities, or municipalities and component cities, and as a political and
corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism for
developmental processes and effective governance of local government units
within its territorial jurisdiction.
SEC. 460. Manner of Creation. - A province may be created, divided, merged,
abolished, or its boundary substantially altered, only by an Act of Congress and
subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be
conducted by the Comelec in the local government unit or units directly
affected. The plebiscite shall be held within one hundred twenty (120) days
from the date of effectivity of said Act, unless otherwise provided therein. cralaw

SEC. 461. Requisites for Creation. - (a) A province may be created if it has an

average annual income, as certified by the Department of Finance, of not less
than Twenty million pesos (P=20,000,000.00) based on 1991 constant prices
and either of the following requisites: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) a contiguous territory of at least two thousand (2,000) square kilometers, as

certified by the Lands Management Bureau; or,
(ii) a population of not less than two hundred fifty thousand (250,000)
inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics Office: chanrobles virtual law library

Provided, That, the creation thereof shall not reduce the land area, population,
and income of the original unit or units at the time of said creation to less than
the minimum requirements prescribed herein. cralaw

(b) The territory need not be contiguous if it comprises two (2) or more islands
or is separated by a chartered city or cities which do not contribute to the
income of the province. cralaw

(c) The average annual income shall include the income accruing to the general
fund, exclusive of special funds, trust funds, transfers, and non-recurring
income. cralaw

SEC. 462. Existing Sub-Provinces. - Existing sub- provinces are hereby

converted into regular provinces upon approval by a majority of the votes cast
in a plebiscite to be held in the said subprovinces and the original provinces
directly affected. The plebiscite shall be conducted by the Comelec
simultaneously with the national elections following the effectivity of this Code. cralaw

The new legislative districts created as a result of such conversion shall

continue to be represented in Congress by the duly-elected representatives of
the original districts out of which said new provinces or districts were created
until their own representatives shall have been elected in the next regular
congressional elections and qualified.cralaw

The incumbent elected officials of the said sub- provinces converted into regular
provinces shall continue to hold office until June 30, 1992. Any vacancy
occurring in the offices occupied by said incumbent elected officials, or resulting
from expiration of their terms of office in case of a negative vote in the
plebiscite results, shall be filled by appointment by the President. The
appointees shall hold office until their successors shall have been elected in the
regular local elections following the plebiscite mentioned herein and qualified.
After effectivity of such conversion, the President shall fill up the position of
governor of the newly-created province through appointment if none has yet
been appointed to the same as hereinbefore provided, and shall also appoint a
vice-governor and the other members of the sangguniang panlalawigan, all of
whom shall likewise hold office until their successors shall have been elected in
the next regular local elections and qualified. cralaw

All qualified appointive officials and employees in the career service of the said
subprovinces at the time of their conversion into regular provinces shall
continue in office in accordance with civil service law, rules and regulations. 
CHAPTER 2 - PROVINCIAN OFFICIALS IN GENERAL
SEC. 463. Officials of the Provincial Government. - (a) There shall be in each
province a governor, avice-governor, members of the sangguniang
panlalawigan, a secretary to the sangguniang panlalawigan, a provincial
treasurer, a provincial assessor, a provincial accountant, a provincial engineer,
a provincial budget officer, a provincial planning and development coordinator,
a provincial legal officer, a provincial administrator, a provincial health officer, a
provincial social welfare and development officer, a provincial general services
officer, a provincial agriculturist, and a provincial veterinarian.
(b) In addition thereto, the governor may appoint a provincial population
officer, a provincial natural resources and environment officer, a provincial
cooperative officer, a provincial architect, and a provincial information officer.
The appointment of a provincial population officer shall be optional in the
province: Provided, however, That provinces which have existing population
offices shall continue to maintain such offices for a period of five (5) years from
the date of the effectivity of this Code, after which said offices shall become
optional.cralaw

(c) The sangguniang panlalawigan may: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Maintain existing offices not mentioned in subsections (a) and (b) hereof;
(2) Create such other offices as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of
the provincial government; or
(3) Consolidate the functions of any office with those of another in the interest
of efficiency and economy;
(d) Unless otherwise provided herein, heads of departments and offices shall be
appointed by the governor with the concurrence of the majority of all the
sangguniang panlalawigan members, subject to civil service law, rules and
regulations. The sangguniang panlalawigan shall act on the appointment within
fifteen (15) days from the date of its submission; otherwise the same shall be
deemed confirmed;
(e) Elective and appointive provincial officials shall receive such compensation,
allowances, and other emoluments as may be determined by law or ordinance,
subject to the budgetary limitations on personal services prescribed under Title
Five, Book II of this Code: Provided, That, no increase in compensation shall
take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the elective officials
approving such increase. cralaw

SEC. 464. Residence and Office. - During the incumbency of the governor, he

shall have his official residence in the capital of the province. All elective and
appointive provincial officials shall hold office in the provincial capital: Provided,
That, upon resolution of the sangguniang panlalawigan, elective and appointive
provincial officials may hold office in any component city or municipality within
the province for a period of not more than seven (7) days for any given month. 
CHAPTER 3 - OFFICIALS AND OFFICES COMMON TO ALL PROVINCES
Article One. The Provincial Governor
SEC. 465. The Chief Executive: Powers, Duties, Functions, and Compensation. -
(a) The provincial governor, as the chief executive of the provincial
government, shall exercise such powers and perform such duties and functions
as provided by this Code and other laws.
(b) For efficient, effective and economical governance the purpose of which is
the general welfare of the province and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16 of
this Code, the provincial governor shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects,
services, and activities of the provincial government, and in this connection,
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Determine the guidelines of provincial policies and be responsible to the

sangguniang panlalawigan for the program of government;
(ii) Direct the formulation of the provincial development plan, with the
assistance of the provincial development council, and upon approval thereof by
the sangguniang panlalawigan, implement the same;
(iii)Present the program of government and propose policies and projects for
the consideration of the sangguniang panlalawigan at the opening of the regular
session of the sangguniang panlalawigan every calendar year and as often as
may be deemed necessary as the general welfare of the inhabitants and the
needs of the provincial government may require;
(iv) Initiate and propose legislative measures to the sangguniang panlalawigan
and as often as may be deemed necessary, provide such information and data
needed or requested by said sanggunian in the performance of its legislative
functions;
(v) Appoint all officials and employees whose salaries and wages are wholly or
mainly paid out of provincial funds and whose appointments are not otherwise
provided for in this Code, as well as those he may be authorized by law to
appoint;
(vi) Represent the province in all its business transactions and sign in its behalf
all bonds, contracts, and obligations, and such other documents upon authority
of the sangguniang panlalawigan or pursuant to law or ordinance;
(vii) Carry out such emergency measures as may be necessary during and in
the aftermath of man-made and natural disasters and calamities;
(viii) Determine the time, manner and place of payment of salaries or wages of
the officials and employees of the province, in accordance with law or
ordinance;
(ix) Allocate and assign office space to provincial and other officials and
employees who, by law or ordinance, are entitled to such space in the
provincial capitol and other buildings owned or leased by the provincial
government;
(x) Ensure that all executive officials and employees of the province faithfully
discharge their duties and functions as provided by law and this Code, and
cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings against any official
or employee of the province who may have committed an offense in the
performance of his official duties;
(xi) Examine the books, records and other documents of all offices, officials,
agents or employees of the province and, in aid of his executive powers and
authority, require all national officials and employees stationed in the province
to make available to him such books, records, and other documents in their
custody, except those classified by law as confidential;
(xii) Furnish copies of executive orders issued by him to the Office of the
President within seventy-two (72) hours after their issuance;
(xiii) Visit component cities and municipalities of the province at least once
every six (6) months to deepen his understanding of problems and conditions,
listen and give appropriate counsel to local officials and inhabitants, inform the
officials and inhabitants of component cities and municipalities of general laws
and ordinances which especially concern them, and otherwise conduct visits
and inspections to ensure that the governance of the province will improve the
quality of life of the inhabitants;
(xiv) Act on leave applications of officials and employees appointed by him and
the commutation of the monetary value of leave credits in accordance with law;
(xv) Authorize official trips of provincial officials and employees outside of the
province for a period not exceeding thirty (30) days;
(xvi) Call upon any national official or employee stationed in or assigned to the
province to advise him on matters affecting the province and to make
recommendations thereon; coordinate with said official or employee in the
formulation and implementation of plans, programs and projects; and when
appropriate, initiate an administrative or judicial action against a national
government official or employee who may have committed an offense in the
performance of his official duties while stationed in or assigned to the province;
(xvii) Authorize payment for medical care, necessary transportation,
subsistence, hospital or medical fees of provincial officials and employees who
are injured while in the performance of their official duties and functions,
subject to availability of funds;
(xviii) Represent the province in inter-provincial or regional sports councils or
committees, and coordinate the efforts of component cities or municipalities in
the regional or national palaro or sports development activities;
(xix) Conduct an annual palarong panlalawigan, which shall feature traditional
sports and disciplines included in national and international games, in
coordination with the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; and,
(xx) Submit to the Office of the President the following reports: an annual
report containing a summary of all matters pertinent to the management,
administration and development of the province and all information and data
relative to its political, social and economic conditions; and supplemental
reports when unexpected events and situations arise at any time during the
year, particularly when man-made or natural disasters or calamities affect the
general welfare of the province, region or country;
(2) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the governance of the province
and the exercise of the appropriate corporate powers provided for under
Section 22 of this Code, implement all approved policies, programs, projects,
services and activities of the province and, in addition to the foregoing, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that the acts of the component cities and municipalities of the
province and of its officials and employees are within the scope of their
prescribed powers, duties and functions;
(ii) Call conventions, conferences, seminars, or meetings of any elective and
appointive officials of the province and its component cities and municipalities,
including national officials and employees stationed in or assigned to the
province, at such time and place and on such subject as he may deem
important for the promotion of the general welfare of the province and its
inhabitants;
(iii) Issue such executive orders for the faithful and appropriate enforcement
and execution of laws and ordinances;
(iv) Be entitled to carry the necessary firearm within his territorial jurisdiction;
(v) In coordination with the mayors of component cities and municipalities and
the National Police Commission, formulate the peace and order plan of the
province and upon its approval, implement the same in accordance with R.A.
No. 6975;
(vi) Call upon the appropriate national law enforcement agencies to suppress
disorder, riot, lawless violence, rebellion or sedition or to apprehend violators of
the law when public interest so requires and the police forces of the component
city or municipality where the disorder or violation is happening are inadequate
to cope with the situation or the violators;
(3) Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply
the same to the implementation of development plans, program objectives and
priorities as provided for under Section 18 of this Code, particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
country-wide growth and progress and, relative thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Require each head of an office or department to prepare and submit an

estimate of appropriations for the ensuing calendar year, in accordance with the
budget preparation process under Title Five, Book II of this Code; (ii) Prepare
and submit to the sanggunian for approval the executive and supplemental
budgets of the province for the ensuing calendar year in the manner provided
for under Title Five, Book II of this Code;
(iii) Ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the province are collected, and
that provincial funds are applied to the payment of expenses and settlement of
obligations of the province, in accordance with law or ordinance;
(iv) Issue licenses and permits and suspend or revoke the same for any
violation of the conditions upon which said licenses or permits had been issued,
pursuant to law or ordinance;
(v) Adopt adequate measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral, marine,
forest and other resources of the province, in coordination with the mayors of
component cities and municipalities; provide efficient and effective property
and supply management in the province; and protect the funds, credits, rights,
and other properties of the province; and;
(vi) Institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings for
violation of ordinances in the collection of taxes, fees or charges, and for the
recovery of funds and property; and cause the province to be defended against
all suits to ensure that its interests, resources and rights shall be adequately
protected. cralaw

(4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities
as provided for under Section 17 of this Code, and in addition thereto, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that the construction and repair of roads and highways funded by the
national government shall be, as far as practicable, carried out in a spatially
contiguous manner and in coordination with the construction and repair of the
roads and bridges of the province and of its component cities and
municipalities; and,
(ii) Coordinate the implementation of technical services by national offices for
the province and its component cities and municipalities, including public works
and infrastructure programs of the provincial government and its component
cities and municipalities;
(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(c) The provincial governor shall receive a minimum monthly compensation

corresponding to Salary Grade thirty (30) prescribed under R.A. No. 6758 and
the implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Two. - The Provincial Vice-Governor
SEC. 466. Powers, Duties, and Compensation. - (a) The vice-governorshall: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(1) Be the presiding officer of the sangguniang panlalawigan and sign all
warrants drawn on the provincial treasury for all expenditures appropriated for
the operation of the sangguniang panlalawigan;
(2) Subject to civil service law, rules and regulations, appoint all officials and
employees of the sangguniang panlalawigan, except those whose manner of
appointment is specifically provided in this Code;
(3) Assume the office of the governor for the unexpired term of the latter in the
event of permanent vacancy as provided for in Section 44, Book I of this Code;
(4) Exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the governor in
cases of temporary vacancy as provided for in Section 46, Book I of this Code;
and cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) The vice-governor shall receive a monthly compensation corresponding to

Salary Grade twenty-eight (28) as prescribed under R.A. No. 6758 and the
implementing guidelines issued pursuant thereto. 
Article Three. - The Sangguniang Panlalawigan
SEC. 467. Composition. - (a) The sangguniang panlalawigan, the legislative
body of the province, shall be composed of the provincial vice-governor as
presiding officer, the regular sanggunian members, the president of the
provincial chapter of the liga ng mga barangay, the president of the
panlalawigang pederasyon ng mga sangguniang kabataan, the president of the
provincial federation of sanggunian members of municipalities and component
cities, and the sectoral representatives, as members.
(b) In addition thereto, there shall be three (3) sectoral representatives: one
(1) from the women; and as shall be determined by the sanggunian concerned
within ninety (90) days prior to the holding of the local elections, one (1) from
the agricultural or industrial workers; and one (1) from the other sectors,
including the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, or disabled persons. cralaw

(c) The regular members of the sangguniang panlalawigan and the sectoral
representatives shall be elected in the manner as may be provided for by law. cralaw

SEC. 468. Powers, Duties, Functions and Compensation. - (a) The sangguniang

panlalawigan, as the legislative body of the province, shall enact ordinances,
approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare of the
province and its inhabitants pursuant to Section 16 of this Code and in the
proper exercise of the corporate powers of the province as provided for under
Section 22 of this Code, and shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for an efficient and
effective provincial government and, in this connection, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Review all ordinances approved by the sanggunians of component cities and
municipalities and executive orders issued by the mayors of said component
units to determine whether these are within the scope of the prescribed powers
of the sanggunian and of the mayor;
(ii) Maintain peace and order by enacting measures to prevent and suppress
lawlessness, disorder, riot, violence, rebellion or sedition and impose penalties
for the violation of said ordinances;
(iii) Approve ordinances imposing a fine not exceeding Five thousand pesos
(P=5,000.00) or imprisonment not exceeding one (1) year, or both in the
discretion of the court, for the violation of a provincial ordinance;
(iv) Adopt measures to protect the inhabitants of the province from the harmful
effects of man-made or natural disasters and calamities, and to provide relief
services and assistance for victims during and in the aftermath of said disasters
and calamities and their return to productive livelihood following said events;
(v) Enact ordinances intended to prevent, suppress and impose appropriate
penalties for habitual drunkenness in public places, vagrancy, mendicancy,
prostitution, establishment and maintenance of houses of ill repute, gambling
and other prohibited games of chance, fraudulent devices and ways to obtain
money or property, drug addiction, maintenance of drug dens, drug pushing,
juvenile delinquency, the printing, distribution or exhibition of obscene or
pornographic materials or publications, and such other activities inimical to the
welfare and morals of the inhabitants of the province;
(vi) Protect the environment and impose appropriate penalties for acts which
endanger the environment, such as dynamite fishing and other forms of
destructive fishing, illegal logging and smuggling of logs, smuggling of natural
resources products and of endangered species of flora and fauna, slash and
burn farming, and such other activities which result in pollution, acceleration of
eutrophication of rivers and lakes, or of ecological imbalance;
(vii) Subject to the provisions of this Code and pertinent laws, determine the
powers and duties of officials and employees of the province;
(viii) Determine the positions and the salaries, wages, allowances and other
emoluments and benefits of officials and employees paid wholly or mainly from
provincial funds and provide for expenditures necessary for the proper conduct
of programs, projects, services, and activities of the provincial government;
(ix) Authorize the payment of compensation to a qualified person not in the
government service who fills up a temporary vacancy, or grant honorarium to
any qualified official or employee designated to fill a temporary vacancy in a
concurrent capacity, at the rate authorized by law;
(x) Provide a mechanism and the appropriate funds therefor, to ensure the
safety and protection of all provincial government property, public documents,
or records such as those relating to property inventory, land ownership, records
of births, marriages, deaths, assessments, taxation, accounts, business
permits, and such other records and documents of public interest in the offices
and departments of the provincial government; and  cralaw

(xi) When the finances of the provincial government allow, provide for
additional allowances and other benefits to judges, prosecutors, public
elementary and high school teachers, and other national government officials
stationed or assigned to the province. cralaw

(2) Generate and maximize the use of resources and revenues for the
development plans, program objectives and priorities of the province as
provided for under Section 18 of this Code, with particular attention to agro-
industrial development and country-wide growth and progress and relative
thereto, shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Enact the annual and supplemental appropriations of the provincial

government and appropriate funds for specific programs, projects, services and
activities of the province, or for other purposes not contrary to law, in order to
promote the general welfare of the province and its inhabitants;
(ii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang panlalawigan,
enact ordinances levying taxes, fees and charges, prescribing the rates thereof
for general and specific purposes, and granting tax exemptions, incentives or
reliefs;
(iii) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang panlalawigan,
authorize the provincial governor to negotiate and contract loans and other
forms of indebtedness;
(iv) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code and applicable laws and
upon the majority vote of all the members of the sangguniang panlalawigan,
enact ordinances authorizing the floating of bonds or other instruments of
indebtedness, for the purpose of raising funds to finance development projects;
(v) Appropriate funds for the construction and maintenance or the rental of
buildings for the use of the province; and upon the majority vote of all the
members of the sangguniang panlalawigan, authorize the provincial governor to
lease to private parties such public buildings held in a proprietary capacity,
subject to existing laws, rules and regulations;
(vi) Prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within the
jurisdiction of the province;
(vii) Review the comprehensive land use plans and zoning ordinances of
component cities and municipalities and adopt a comprehensive provincial land
use plan, subject to
(viii) Adopt measures to enhance the full implementation of the national
agrarian reform program in coordination with the Department of Agrarian
Reform;
(3) Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, grant franchises, approve
the issuance of permits or licenses, or enact ordinances levying taxes, fees and
charges upon such conditions and for such purposes intended to promote the
general welfare of the inhabitants of the province, and pursuant to this
legislative authority, shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Fix and impose reasonable fees and charges for all services rendered by the
provincial government to private persons or entities; and  cralaw

(ii) Regulate and fix the license fees for such activities as provided for under
this Code.cralaw

(4) Approve ordinances which shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of
the basic services and facilities as provided for under Section 17 of this Code,
and, in addition to said services and facilities, shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Adopt measures and safeguards against pollution and for the preservation of
the natural ecosystem in the province, in consonance with approved standards
on human settlements and environmental sanitation;
(ii) Subject to applicable laws, facilitate or provide for the establishment and
maintenance of a waterworks system or district waterworks for supplying water
to inhabitants of component cities and municipalities;
(iii)  Subject to the availability of funds and to existing laws, rules and
regulations, provide for the establishment and operation of vocational and
technical schools and similar post-secondary institutions; and, with the
approval of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports and subject to
existing laws on tuition fees, fix reasonable tuition fees and other school
charges in educational institutions supported by the provincial government;
(iv) Establish a scholarship fund for the poor but deserving students in schools
located within its jurisdiction or for students residing within the province;
(v) Approve measures and adopt quarantine regulations to prevent the
introduction and spread of diseases within its territorial jurisdiction;
(vi) Provide for the care of paupers, the aged, the sick, persons of unsound
mind, abandoned minors, abused children, disabled persons, juvenile
delinquents, drug dependents, and other needy and disadvantaged persons,
particularly children and youth below eighteen (18) years of age; subject to
availability of funds, establish and support the operation of centers and facilities
for said needy and disadvantaged persons; and facilitate efforts to promote the
welfare of families below the poverty threshold, the disadvantaged, and the
exploited;
(vii) Establish and provide for the maintenance and improvement of jails and
detention centers, institute a sound jail management program, and appropriate
funds for the subsistence of detainees and convicted prisoners in the province;
(viii) Establish a provincial council whose purpose is the promotion of culture
and the arts, coordinate with government agencies and non-governmental
organizations and, subject to the availability of funds, appropriate funds for the
support and development of the same;
(ix) Establish a provincial council for the elderly which shall formulate policies
and adopt measures mutually beneficial to the elderly and to the province; and
subject to the availability of funds, appropriate funds to support programs and
projects for the elderly; and provide incentives for non- governmental agencies
and entities to support the programs and projects of the elderly; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(b) The members of the sangguniang panlalawigan shall receive a minimum

monthly compensation corresponding to Salary Grade twenty-seven (27) as
prescribed under R.A. 6758 and the implementing guidelines issued pursuant
thereto. 
TITLE FIVE. - APPOINTIVE LOCAL OFFICIALS COMMON TO ALL
MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES AND PROVINCES
Article One. - Secretary to the Sanggunian
SEC. 469. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) There shall be a secretary to
the sanggunian who shall be a career official with the rank and salary equal to a
head of department or office.
(b) No person shall be appointed secretary to the sanggunian unless he is a
citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local government unit concerned, of
good moral character, a holder of a college degree preferably in law, commerce
or public administration from a recognized college or university, and a first
grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. The appointment of a secretary to
the sanggunian is mandatory for provincial, city and municipal governments. cralaw

(c) The secretary to the sanggunian shall take charge of the office of the
secretary to the sanggunian and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Attend meetings of the sanggunian and keep a journal of its proceedings;
(2) Keep the seal of the local government unit and affix the same with his
signature to all ordinances, resolutions, and other official acts of the
sanggunian and present the same to the presiding officer for his signature;
(3) Forward to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, for approval, copies
of ordinances enacted by the sanggunian and duly certified by the presiding
officer, in the manner provided in Section 54 under Book I of this Code;
(4) Forward to the sanggunian panlungsod or bayan concerned, in the case of
the sangguniang barangay, and to the sangguniang panlalawigan concerned, in
the case of the sangguniang panlungsod of component cities or sangguniang
bayan, copies of duly approved ordinances, in the manner provided in Sections
56 and 57 under Book I of this Code;
(5) Furnish, upon request of any interested party, certified copies of records of
public character in his custody, upon payment to the treasurer of such fees as
may be prescribed by ordinance;
(6) Record in a book kept for the purpose, all ordinances and resolutions
enacted or adopted by the sanggunian, with the dates of passage and
publication thereof;
(7) Keep his office and all non-confidential records therein open to the public
during the usual business hours;
(8) Translate into the dialect used by the majority of the inhabitants all
ordinances and resolutions immediately after their approval, and cause the
publication of the same together with the original version in the manner
provided under this Code; and  cralaw

(9) Take custody of the local archives and, where applicable, the local library
and annually account for the same; and  cralaw

(d) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance relative to his position. 
Article Two- The Treasurer
SEC. 470. Appointment, Qualifications, Powers, and Duties.- (a) The treasurer
shall be appointed by the Secretary of Finance from a list of at least three (3)
ranking, eligible recommendees of the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
subject to civil service law, rules and regulations.
(b) The treasurer shall be under the administrative supervision of the governor
or mayor, as the case may be, to whom he shall report regularly on the tax
collection efforts in the local government unit;
(c) No person shall be appointed treasurer unless he is a citizen of the
Philippines, a resident of the local government unit concerned, of good moral
character, a holder of a college degree preferably in commerce, public
administration or law from a recognized college or university, and a first grade
civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in
treasury or accounting service for at least five (5) years in the case of the city
or provincial treasurer, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal
treasurer. The appointment of a treasurer shall be mandatory for provincial,
city and municipal governments;
(d) The treasurer shall take charge of the treasury office, perform the duties
provided for under Book II of this Code, and shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Advise the governor or mayor, as the case may be, the sanggunian, and
other local government and national officials concerned regarding disposition of
local government funds, and on such other matters relative to public finance;
(2) Take custody of and exercise proper management of the funds of the local
government unit concerned;
(3) Take charge of the disbursement of all local government funds and such
other funds the custody of which may be entrusted to him by law or other
competent authority;
(4) Inspect private commercial and industrial establishments within the
jurisdiction of the local government unit concerned in relation to the
implementation of tax ordinances, pursuant to the provisions under Book II of
this Code;
(5) Maintain and update the tax information system of the local government
unit;
(6) In the case of the provincial treasurer, exercise technical supervision over
all treasury offices of component cities and municipalities; and  cralaw

(e) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 471. Assistant Treasurer. - (a) An assistant treasurer may be appointed

by the Secretary of Finance from a list of at least three (3) ranking, eligible
recommendees of the governor or mayor, subject to civil service law, rules and
regulations.cralaw

(b) No person shall be appointed assistant treasurer unless he is a citizen of the

Philippines, a resident of the local government unit concerned, of good moral
character, a holder of a college degree preferably in commerce, public
administration, or law from a recognized college or university, and a first grade
civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired at least five (5)
years experience in the treasury or accounting service in the case of the city or
provincialassistant treasurer, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal
assistant treasurer. The appointment of an assistant treasurer shall be optional
for provincial, city and municipal governments;
(c) The assistant treasurer shall assist the treasurer and perform such duties as
the latter may assign to him. He shall have authority to administer oaths
concerning notices and notifications to those delinquent in the payment of the
real property tax and concerning official matters relating to the accounts of the
treasurer or otherwise arising in the offices of the treasurer and the assessor. 
Article Three. - The Assessor
SEC. 472 Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
assessor unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree preferably in civil or mechanical engineering, commerce, or any other
related course from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil
service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in real
property assessment work or in any related field for at least five (5) years in
the case of the city or provincial assessor, and three (3) years in the case of
the municipal assessor. The appointment of an assessor shall be mandatory for
provincial, city and municipal governments.
(b) The assessor shall take charge of the assessor's office, perform the duties
provided for under Book II of this Code, and shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Ensure that all laws and policies governing the appraisal and assessment of
real properties for taxation purposes are properly executed;
(2) Initiate, review, and recommend changes in policies and objectives, plans
and programs, techniques, procedures and practices in the valuation and
assessment of real properties for taxation purposes;
(3) Establish a systematic method of real property assessment;
(4) Install and maintain a real property identification and accounting system,
(5) Prepare, install and maintain a system of tax mapping, showing graphically
all property subject to assessment and gather all data concerning the same;
(6) Conduct frequent physical surveys to verify and determine whether all real
properties within the province are properly listed in the assessment rolls;
(7) Exercise the functions of appraisal and assessment primarily for taxation
purposes of all real properties in the local government unit concerned;
(8) Prepare a schedule of the fair market value for the different classes of real
properties, in accordance with Title Two under Book II of this Code;
(9) Issue, upon request of any interested party, certified copies of assessment
records of real property and all other records relative to its assessment, upon
payment of a service charge or fee to the treasurer;
(10) Submit every semester a report of all assessments, as well as
cancellations and modifications of assessments to the local chief executive and
the sanggunian concerned;
(11) In the case of the assessor of a component city or municipality attend,
personally or through an authorized representative, all sessions of the local
board of assessment appeals whenever his assessment is the subject of the
appeal, and present or submit any information or record in his possession as
may be required by the board; and,
(12) In the case of the provincial assessor, exercise technical supervision and
visitorial functions over all component city and municipal assessors, coordinate
with component city or municipal assessors in the conduct of tax mapping
operations and all other assessment activities, and provide all forms of
assistance therefor: Provided, however, That, upon full provision by the
component city or municipality concerned to its assessor's office of the
minimum personnel , equipment, and funding requirements as may be
prescribed by the Secretary of Finance, such functions shall be delegated to the
said city or municipal assessor; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

SEC. 473. Assistant Assessor. - (a) No person shall be appointed assistant

assessor unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree preferably in civil or mechanical engineering, commerce, or any related
course from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil service
eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in assessment or in
any related field for at least three (3) years in the case of the city or provincial
assistant assessor, and one (1) year in the case of the city or provincial
assistant assessor. The appointment of an assistant assessor shall be optional
for provincial, city and municipal governments. cralaw

(b) The assistant assessor shall assist the assessor and perform such other
duties as the latter may assign to him. He shall have the authority to
administer oaths on all declarations of real property for purposes of
assessment. 
Article Four. - The Accountant
SEC. 474. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
accountant unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, and a certified public
accountant. He must have acquired experience in the treasury or accounting
service for at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city
accountant, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal accountant. The
appointment of an accountant is mandatory for the provincial, city and
municipal governments.
(b) The accountant shall take charge of both the accounting and internal audit
services of the local government unit concerned and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Install and maintain an internal audit system in the local government unit
concerned;
(2) Prepare and submit financial statements to the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, and to the sanggunian concerned;
(3) Apprise the sanggunian and other local government officials on the financial
condition and operations of the local government unit concerned;
(4) Certify to the availability of budgetary allotment to which expenditures and
obligations may be properly charged;
(5) Review supporting documents before preparation of vouchers to determine
completeness of requirements;
(6) Prepare statements of cash advances, liquidation, salaries, allowances,
reimbursements and remittances pertaining to the local government unit;
(7) Prepare statements of journal vouchers and liquidation of the same and
other adjustments related thereto;
(8) Post individual disbursements to the subsidiary ledger and index cards;
(9) Maintain individual ledgers for officials and employees of the local
government unit pertaining to payrolls and deductions;
(10) Record and post in index cards details of purchased furniture, fixtures, and
equipment, including disposal thereof, if any;
(11) Account for all issued requests for obligations and maintain and keep all
records and reports related thereto;
(12) Prepare journals and the analysis of obligations and maintain and keep all
records and reports related thereto; and  cralaw

(13) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions
as may be provided by law or ordinance. cralaw

(c) The incumbent chief accountant in the office of the treasurer shall be given
preference in the appointment to the position of accountant. 
Article Five. - The Budget Officer
SEC. 475. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
budget officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree preferably in accounting, economics, public administration or any
related course from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil
service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in
government budgeting or in any related field for at least five (5) years in the
case of the provincial or city budget officer, and at least three (3) years in the
case of the municipal budget officer. The appointment of a budget officer shall
be mandatory for the provincial, city, and municipal governments. (b) The
budget officer shall take charge of the budget office and shall: chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

(1) Prepare forms, orders, and circulars embodying instructions on budgetary

and appropriation matters for the signature of the governor or mayor, as the
case may be;
(2) Review and consolidate the budget proposals of different departments and
offices of the local government unit;
(3) Assist the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in the preparation of the
budget and during budget hearings;
(4) Study and evaluate budgetary implications of proposed legislation and
submit comments and recommendations thereon;
(5) Submit periodic budgetary reports to the Department of Budget and
Management; (6) Coordinate with the treasurer, accountant, and the planning
and development coordinator for the purpose of budgeting;
(7) Assist the sanggunian concerned in reviewing the approved budgets of
component local government units;
(8) Coordinate with the planning and development coordinator in the
formulation of the local government unit development plan; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. cralaw

(d) The appropriations for personal services of the budget officer provided
under the Department of Budget and Management shall, upon effectivity of this
Code, be transferred to the local government unit concerned. Thereafter, the
appropriations for personal services of the budget officer shall be provided for
in full in the budget of the local government unit. 
Article Six. - The Planning and Development Coordinator
SEC. 476. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
planning and development coordinator unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a
resident of the local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a
holder of a college degree preferably in urban planning, development studies,
economics, public administration, or any related course from a recognized
college or university, and a first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He
must have acquired experience in development planning or in any related field
for at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city planning and
development coordinator, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal
planning and development coordinator. The appointment of a planning and
development coordinator shall be mandatory for provincial, city and municipal
governments.
(b) The planning and development coordinator shall take charge of the planning
and development office and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate integrated economic, social, physical, and other development

plans and policies for consideration of the local government development
council;
(2) Conduct continuing studies, researches, and training programs necessary to
evolve plans and programs for implementation;
(3) Integrate and coordinate all sectoral plans and studies undertaken by the
different functional groups or agencies;
(4) Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the different development
programs, projects, and activities in the local government unit concerned in
accordance with the approved development plan;
(5) Prepare comprehensive plans and other development planning documents
for the consideration of the local development council;
(6) Analyze the income and expenditure patterns, and formulate and
recommend fiscal plans and policies for consideration of the finance committee
of the local government unit concerned as provided under Title Five, Book II of
this Code;
(7) Promote people participation in development planning within the local
government unit concerned;
(8) Exercise supervision and control over the secretariat of the local
development council; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other functions and duties as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Seven. - The Engineer
SEC. 477. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
engineer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, and a licensed civil
engineer. He must have acquired experience in the practice of his profession for
at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city engineer, and three
(3) years in the case of the municipal engineer. The appointment of an
engineer shall be mandatory for the provincial, city, and municipal
governments. The city and municipal engineer shall also act as the local
building official.
(b) The engineer shall take charge of the engineering office and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Initiate, review and recommend changes in policies and objectives, plans
and programs, techniques, procedures and practices in infrastructure
development and public works in general of the local government unit
concerned;
(2) Advise the governor or mayor, as the case may be, on infrastructure, public
works, and other engineering matters;
(3) Administer, coordinate, supervise, and control the construction,
maintenance, improvement, and repair of roads, bridges, and other engineering
and public works projects of the local government unit concerned;
(4) Provide engineering services to the local government unit concerned,
including investigation and survey, engineering designs, feasibility studies, and
project management;
(5) In the case of the provincial engineer, exercise technical supervision over all
engineering offices of component cities and municipalities; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Eight. - The Health Officer
SEC. 478. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
health officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, and a licensed medical
practitioner. He must have acquired experience in the practice of his profession
for at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city health officer, and
three (3) years in the case of the municipal health officer. The appointment of a
health officer shall be mandatory for provincial, city and municipal
governments.
(b) The health officer shall take charge of the office on health and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Take charge of the office on health services, supervise the personnel and
staff of said office, formulate program implementation guidelines and rules and
regulations for the operation of the said office for the approval of the governor
or mayor, as the case may be, in order to assist him in the efficient, effective
and economical implementation of a health services program geared to
implementation of health-related projects and activities;
(2) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out activities to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities relative to health services provided under Section 17 of
this Code;
(3) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with health programs and projects which the governor or mayor, is
empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide
for under this Code;
(4) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the health officer shall : chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Formulate and implement policies, plans, programs and projects to promote
the health of the people in the local government unit concerned;
(ii) Advise the governor or mayor, as the case may be, and the sanggunian on
matters pertaining to health;
(iii) Execute and enforce all laws, ordinances and regulations relating to public
health;
(iv) Recommend to the sanggunian, through the local health board, the
passage of such ordinances as he may deem necessary for the preservation of
public health;
(v) Recommend the prosecution of any violation of sanitary laws, ordinances or
regulations;
(vi) Direct the sanitary inspection of all business establishments selling food
items or providing accommodations such as hotels, motels, lodging houses,
pension houses, and the like, in accordance with the Sanitation Code;
(vii) Conduct health information campaigns and render health intelligence
services;
(viii) Coordinate with other government agencies and non-governmental
organizations involved in the promotion and delivery of health services; and  cralaw

(ix) In the case of the provincial health officer, exercise general supervision
over health officers of component cities and municipalities; and  cralaw

(5) Be in the frontline of health services delivery, particularly during and in the
aftermath of man-made and natural disasters and calamities; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Nine. - The Civil Registrar
SEC. 479. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
civil registrar unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil service
eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in civil registry
work for at least five (5) years in the case of the city civil registrar and three
(3) years in the case of the municipal civil registrar. The appointment of a civil
registrar shall be mandatory for city and municipal governments.
(b) The civil registrar shall be responsible for the civil registration program in
the local government unit concerned, pursuant to the Civil Registry Law, the
Civil Code, and other pertinent laws, rules and regulations issued to implement
them. cralaw

(c) The Civil Registrar shall take charge of the office of the civil registry and
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with civil registry programs and projects which the mayor is empowered
to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this
Code;
(2) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the civil registrar shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Accept all registrable documents and judicial decrees affecting the civil
status of persons;
(ii) File, keep and preserve in a secure place the books required by law;
(iii)Transcribe and enter immediately upon receipt all registrable documents
and judicial decrees affecting the civil status of persons in the appropriate civil
registry books;
(iv) Transmit to the Office of the Civil Registrar- General, within the prescribed
period, duplicate copies of registered documents required by law;
(v) Issue certified transcripts or copies of any certificate or registered
documents upon payment of the prescribed fees to the treasurer;
(vi) Receive applications for the issuance of a marriage license and, after
determining that the requirements and supporting certificates and publication
thereof for the prescribed period have been complied with, issue the license
upon payment of the authorized fee to the treasurer;
(vii)Coordinate with the National Statistics Office in conducting educational
campaigns for vital registration and assist in the preparation of demographic
and other statistics for the local government unit concerned; and  cralaw

(3) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Ten. - The Administrator
SEC. 480. Qualifications, Term, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be
appointed administrator unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of
the local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a
college degree preferably in public administration, law, or any other related
course from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil service
eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired experience in management
and administration work for at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial
or city administrator, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal
administrator. The term of administrator is coterminous with that of his
appointing authority. The appointment of an administrator shall be mandatory
for the provincial and city governments, and optional for the municipal
government.
(b) The administrator shall take charge of the office of the administrator and
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same particularly those which have
to do with the management and administration-related programs and projects
which the governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which the
sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code;
(2) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the administrator shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Assist in the coordination of the work of all the officials of the local
government unit, under the supervision, direction, and control of the governor
or mayor, and for this purpose, he may convene the chiefs of offices and other
officials of the local government unit;
(ii) Establish and maintain a sound personnel program for the local government
unit designed to promote career development and uphold the merit principle in
the local government service;
(iii) Conduct a continuing organizational development of the local government
unit with the end in view of instituting effective administrative reforms;
(3) Be in the frontline of the delivery of administrative support services,
particularly those related to the situations during and in the aftermath of man-
made and natural disasters and calamities;
(4) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor and mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to the management and
administration of the local government unit; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Eleven. - The Legal Officer
SEC. 481. Qualifications, Term, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be
appointed legal officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the
local government unit concerned, of good moral character, and a member of
the Philippine Bar. He must have practiced his profession for at least five (5)
years in the case of the provincial and city legal officer, and three (3) years in
the case of the municipal legal officer. The term of the legal officer shall be
coterminous with that of his appointing authority. The appointment of legal
officer shall be mandatory for the provincial and city governments and optional
for the municipal government.
(b) The legal officer, the chief legal counsel of the local government unit, shall
take charge of the office of legal services and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
legal assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in
carrying out the delivery of basic services and provisions of adequate facilities
as provided for under Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with programs and projects related to legal services which the governor
or mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered
to provide for under this Code. cralaw

(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the legal officer shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Represent the local government unit in all civil actions and special
proceedings wherein the local government unit or any official thereof, in his
official capacity, is a party: Provided, That, in actions or proceedings where a
component city or municipality is a party adverse to the provincial government
or to another component city or municipality, a special legal officer may be
employed to represent the adverse party;
(ii) When required by the governor, mayor or sanggunian, draft ordinances,
contracts, bonds, leases and other instruments, involving any interest of the
local government unit; and provide comments and recommendations on any
instruments already drawn;
(iii) Render his opinion in writing on any question of law when requested to do
so by the governor, mayor, or sanggunian;
(iv) Investigate or cause to be investigated any local official or employee for
administrative neglect or misconduct in office, and recommend appropriate
action to the governor, mayor or sanggunian, as the case may be;
(v) Investigate or cause to be investigated any person, firm or corporation
holding any franchise or exercising any public privilege for failure to comply
with any term or condition in the grant of such franchise or privilege, and
recommending appropriate action to the governor, mayor or sanggunian, as the
case may be;
(vi) When directed by the governor, mayor, or sanggunian, initiate and
prosecute in the interest of the local government unit concerned any civil action
on any bond, lease or other contract upon any breach or violation thereof; and  cralaw

(vii) Review and submit recommendations on ordinances approved and

executive orders issued by component units;
(3) Recommend measures to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor
as the case may be on all other matters related to upholding the rule of law ;
(4) Be in the frontline of protecting human rights and prosecuting any violations
thereof, particularly those which occur during and in the aftermath of man-
made or natural disasters or calamities; and  cralaw

(5) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Twelve. - The Agriculturist
SEC. 482. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
agriculturist unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree in agriculture or any related course from a recognized college or
university, and a first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have
practiced his profession in agriculture or acquired experience in a related field
for at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial and city agriculturist, and
three (3) years in the case of the municipal agriculturist. The position of the
agriculturist shall be mandatory for the provincial government and optional for
the city and municipal governments.
(b) The agriculturist shall take charge of the office for agricultural services, and
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the approval of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out said measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and
provision of adequate facilities relative to agricultural services as provided for
under Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with agricultural programs and projects which the governor or mayor is
empowered to implement and which the sanggunian us empowered to provide
for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the agriculturist shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Ensure that maximum assistance and access to resources in the production,
processing and marketing of agricultural and aqua-cultural and marine products
are extended to farmers, fishermen and local entrepreneurs;
(ii) Conduct or cause to be conducted location-specific agricultural researches
and assist in making available the appropriate technology arising out of and
disseminating information on basic research on crops, preventive and control of
plant diseases and pests, and other agricultural matters which will maximize
productivity;
(iii) Assist the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in the establishment and
extension services of demonstration farms or aqua-culture and marine
products;
(iv) Enforce rules and regulations relating to agriculture and aquaculture;
(v) Coordinate with government agencies and non- governmental organizations
which promote agricultural productivity through appropriate technology
compatible with environmental integrity;
(4) Be in the frontline of delivery of basic agricultural services, particularly
those needed for the survival of the inhabitants during and in the aftermath of
man-made and natural disasters; (5) Recommend to the sanggunian and
advise the governor or mayor, as the case may be, on all other matters related
to agriculture and aqua-culture which will improve the livelihood and living
conditions of the inhabitants; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Thirteen. - The Social Welfare and Development Officer
SEC. 483. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
social welfare and development officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a
resident of the local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a
duly licensed social worker or a holder of a college degree preferably in
sociology or any other related course from a recognized college or university,
and a first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired
experience in the practice of social work for at least five (5) years in the case of
the provincial or city social welfare and development officer, and three (3)
years in the case of the municipal social welfare and development officer. The
appointment of a social welfare and development officer is mandatory for
provincial and city governments, and optional for municipal government.
(b) The social welfare and development officer shall take charge of the office on
social welfare and development services and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the approval of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities relative to social welfare and development services as
provided for under Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same particularly those which have
to do with social welfare programs and projects which the governor or mayor is
empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide
for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties, the social welfare and development
officer shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Identify the basic needs of the needy, the disadvantaged and the
impoverished and develop and implement appropriate measures to alleviate
their problems and improve their living conditions;
(ii) Provide relief and appropriate crisis intervention for victims of abuse and
exploitation and recommend appropriate measures to deter further abuse and
exploitation;
(iii) Assist the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in implementing the
barangay level program for the total development and protection of children up
to six (6) years of age;
(iv) Facilitate the implementation of welfare programs for the disabled, elderly,
and victims of drug addiction, the rehabilitation of prisoners and parolees, the
prevention of juvenile delinquency and such other activities which would
eliminate or minimize the ill-effects of poverty;
(v) Initiate and support youth welfare programs that will enhance the role of
the youth in nation-building;
(vi) Coordinate with government agencies and non- governmental organizations
which have for their purpose the promotion and the protection of all needy,
disadvantaged, underprivileged or impoverished groups or individuals,
particularly those identified to be vulnerable and high-risk to exploitation,
abuse and neglect;
(4) Be in the frontline of service delivery, particularly those which have to do
with immediate relief during and assistance in the aftermath of man-made and
natural disaster and natural calamities;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters related to social welfare and development
services which will improve the livelihood and living conditions of the
inhabitants; and  cralaw
(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Fourteen. - The Environment and Natural Resources Officer
SEC. 484. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
environment and natural resources officer unless he is a citizen of the
Philippines, a resident of the local government unit concerned, of good moral
character, a holder of a college degree preferably in environment, forestry,
agriculture or any related course from a recognized college or university, and a
first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have acquired
experience in environmental and natural resources management, conservation,
and utilization, of at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city
environment and natural resources officer, and three (3) years in the case of
the municipal environment and natural resources officer. The appointment of
the environment and natural resources officer is optional for provincial, city,
and municipal governments.
(b) The environment and natural resources management officer shall take
charge of the office on environment and natural resources and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities relative to environment and natural resources services as
provided for under Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with environment and natural resources programs and projects which the
governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is
empowered to provide for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the environment and
natural resources officer shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Establish, maintain, protect and preserve communal forests, watersheds,

tree parks, mangroves, greenbelts and similar forest projects and commercial
forest, like industrial tree farms and agro-forestry projects;
(ii) Provide extension services to beneficiaries of forest development projects
and technical, financial and infrastructure assistance;
(iii) Manage and maintain seed banks and produce seedlings for forests and
tree parks;
(iv) Provide extension services to beneficiaries of forest development projects
and render assistance for natural resources-related conservation and utilization
activities consistent with ecological balance;
(v) Promote the small-scale mining and utilization of mineral resources,
particularly mining of gold;
(vi) Coordinate with government agencies and non- governmental organizations
in the implementation of measures to prevent and control land, air and water
pollution with the assistance of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources;
(4) Be in the frontline of the delivery of services concerning the environment
and natural resources, particularly in the renewal and rehabilitation of the
environment during and in the aftermath of man-made and natural calamities
and disasters;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all matters relative to the protection, conservation, maximum
utilization, application of appropriate technology and other matters related to
the environment and natural resources; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Fifteen - The Architect
SEC. 485. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
architect unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a duly licensed architect.
He must have practiced his profession for at least five (5) years in the case of
the provincial or city architect, and three (3) years in the case of the municipal
architect. The appointment of the architect is optional for provincial, city and
municipal governments.
(b) The architect shall take charge of the office on architectural planning and
design and shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities relative to architectural planning and design as provided
for under Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with architectural planning and design programs and projects which the
governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is
empowered to provide for under this Code;
(3) In addition to foregoing duties and functions, the architect shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Prepare and recommend for consideration of the sanggunian the

architectural plan and design for the local government unit or a part thereof,
including the renewal of slums and blighted areas, land reclamation activities,
the greening of land, and appropriate planning of marine and for esh ore are
as; 

(ii) Review and recommend for appropriate action of the sanggunian, governor
or mayor, as the case may be, the architectural plans and design submitted by
governmental and non-governmental entities or individuals, particularly those
for undeveloped, underdeveloped, and poorly-designed areas; and  cralaw

(iii) Coordinate with government and non-government entities and individuals

involved in the aesthetics and the maximum utilization of the land and water
within the jurisdiction of the local government unit, compatible with
environmental integrity and ecological balance. cralaw

(4) Be in the frontline of the delivery of services involving architectural planning

and design, particularly those related to the redesigning of spatial distribution
of basic facilities and physical structures during and in the aftermath of man-
made and natural calamities and disasters;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to the architectural planning and
design as it relates to the total socioeconomic development of the local
government unit; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
 Article Sixteen. - The Information Officer
SEC. 486. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
information officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the
local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree preferably in journalism, mass communication or any related course
from a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil service eligible or
its equivalent. He must have experience in writing articles and research papers,
or in writing for print, television or broadcast media of at least three (3) years
in the case of the provincial or city information officer, and at least one (1) year
in the case of municipal information officer. The appointment of the information
officer is optional for the provincial, city and municipal governments. The term
of the information officer is co-terminous with that of his appointing authority.
(b) The information officer shall take charge of the office on public information
and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in providing the information and research data required for the delivery of basic
services and provision of adequate facilities so that the public becomes aware
of said services and may fully avail of the same;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and, upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with public information and research data to support programs and
projects which the governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which
the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the information officer
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Provide relevant, adequate, and timely information to the local government
unit and its residents;
(ii) Furnish information and data on local government units to government
agencies or offices as may be required by law or ordinance; and non-
governmental organizations to be furnished to said agencies and organizations;
(iii) Maintain effective liaison with the various sectors of the community on
matters and issues that affect the livelihood and the quality of life of the
inhabitants and encourage support for programs of the local and national
government;
(4) Be in the frontline in providing information during and in the aftermath of
manmade and natural calamities and disasters, with special attention to the
victims thereof, to help minimize injuries and casualties during and after the
emergency, and to accelerate relief and rehabilitation;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to public information and research
data as it relates to the total socioeconomic development of the local
government unit; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Seventeen. - The Cooperatives Officer
SEC. 487. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
cooperative officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the
local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree preferably in business administration with special training in
cooperatives or any related course from a recognized college or university, and
a first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He must have experience in
cooperatives organization and management of at least five (5) years in the case
of the provincial or city cooperatives officer, and three (3) years in the case of
municipal cooperatives officer. The appointment of the cooperatives officer is
optional for the provincial and city governments.
(b) The cooperatives officer shall take charge of the office for the development
of cooperatives and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian, and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of facilities through the development of cooperatives, and in providing access to
such services and facilities;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and, upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with the integration of cooperatives principles and methods in programs
and projects which the governor or mayor is empowered to implement and
which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the cooperatives officer
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Assist in the organization of cooperatives;

(ii) Provide technical and other forms of assistance to existing cooperatives to
enhance their viability as an economic enterprise and social organization;
(iii) Assist cooperatives in establishing linkages with government agencies and
non-government organizations involved in the promotion and integration of the
concept of cooperatives in the livelihood of the people and other community
activities;
(4) Be in the frontline of cooperatives organization, rehabilitation or viability-
enhancement, particularly during and in the aftermath of man-made and
natural calamities and disasters, to aid in their survival and, if necessary
subsequent rehabilitation;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian, and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to cooperatives development and
viability- enhancement which will improve the livelihood and quality of life of
the inhabitants; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Eighteen. - The Population Officer
SEC. 488. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
population officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree with specialized training in population development from a recognized
college or university, and a first grade civil service eligible or its equivalent. He
must have experience in the implementation of programs on population
development or responsible parenthood for at least five (5) years in the case of
the provincial or city population officer and three (3) years in the case of the
municipal population officer.
The appointment of a population officer shall be optional in the local
government unit: Provided, however, That provinces and cities which have
existing population offices shall continue to maintain such offices for a period of
five (5) years from the date of effectivity of this Code, after which said offices
shall become optional. cralaw

(b) The population officer shall take charge of the office on population
development and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities relative to the integration of the population development
principles and in providing access to said services and facilities;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with the integration of population development principles and methods in
programs and projects which the governor or mayor is empowered to
implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this
Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the population officer
shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Assist the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in the implementation of
the Constitutional provisions relative to population development and the
promotion of responsible parenthood;
(ii) Establish and maintain an updated data bank for program operations,
development planning and an educational program to ensure the people's
participation in and understanding of population development;
(iii) Implement appropriate training programs responsive to the cultural
heritage of the inhabitants; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Nineteen. - The Veterinarian
SEC. 489. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
veterinarian unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the local
government concerned, of good moral character, a licensed doctor of veterinary
medicine. He must have practiced his profession for at least three (3) years in
the case of provincial or city veterinarian and at least one (1) year in the case
of the municipal veterinarian. The appointment of a veterinarian officer is
mandatory for the provincial and city governments.
(b) The veterinarian shall take charge of the office for veterinary services and
shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian, and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities pursuant to Section 17 of this Code;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with the veterinary-related activities which the governor or mayor is
empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide
for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the veterinarian shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Advise the governor or the mayor, as the case may be, on all matters
pertaining to the slaughter of animals for human consumption and the
regulation of slaughterhouses;
(ii) Regulate the keeping of domestic animals; 

(iii) Regulate and inspect poultry, milk and dairy products for public
consumption;
(iv) Enforce all laws and regulations for the prevention of cruelty to animals;
and cralaw

(v) Take the necessary measures to eradicate, prevent or cure all forms of
animal diseases;
(4) Be in the frontline of veterinary related activities, such as in the outbreak of
highly-contagious and deadly diseases, and in situations resulting in the
depletion of animals for work and human consumption, particularly those
arising from and in the aftermath of man-made and natural calamities and
disasters;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to veterinary services which will
increase the number and improve the quality of livestock, poultry and other
domestic animals used for work or human consumption; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
Article Twenty. - The General Services Officer
SEC. 490. Qualifications, Powers and Duties. - (a) No person shall be appointed
general services officer unless he is a citizen of the Philippines, a resident of the
local government unit concerned, of good moral character, a holder of a college
degree on public administration, business administration and management from
a recognized college or university, and a first grade civil service eligible or its
equivalent. He must have acquired experience in general services, including
management of supply, property, solid waste disposal, and general sanitation,
of at least five (5) years in the case of the provincial or city general services
officer, and at least three (3) years in the case of the municipal general
services officer. The appointment of a general services officer is mandatory for
the provincial and city governments.
(b) The general services officer shall take charge of the office on general
services and shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide
technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be,
in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision
of adequate facilities pursuant to Section 17 of this Code and which require
general services expertise and technical support services;
(2) Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or
mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have
to do with the general services supportive of the welfare of the inhabitants
which the governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which the
sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code;
(3) In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the general services
officer shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(i) Take custody of and be accountable for all properties, real or personal,
owned by the local government unit and those granted to it in the form of
donation, reparation, assistance and counterpart of joint projects;
(ii) With the approval of the governor or mayor, as the case may be, assign
building or land space to local officials or other public officials, who by law, are
entitled to such space;
(iii) Recommend to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, the reasonable
rental rates for local government properties, whether real or personal, which
will be leased to public or private entities by the local government;
(iv) Recommend to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, reasonable
rental rates of private properties which may be leased for the official use of the
local government unit;
(v) Maintain and supervise janitorial, security, landscaping and other related
services in all local government public buildings and other real property,
whether owned or leased by the local government unit;
(vi) Collate and disseminate information regarding prices, shipping and other
costs of supplies and other items commonly used by the local government unit;
(vii) Perform archival and record management with respect to records of offices
and departments of the local government unit; and  cralaw

(viii) Perform all other functions pertaining to supply and property management
heretofore performed by the local government treasurer; and enforce policies
on records creation, maintenance, and disposal;
(4) Be in the frontline of general services related activities, such as the possible
or imminent destruction or damage to records, supplies, properties, and
structures and the orderly and sanitary clearing up of waste materials or debris,
particularly during and in the aftermath of man-made and natural calamities
and disasters;
(5) Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the governor or mayor, as the
case may be, on all other matters relative to general services; and  cralaw

(c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
may be prescribed by law or ordinance. 
TITLE SIX. - LEAGUES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS AND ELECTIVE
OFFICIALS
CHAPTER I - LEAGUES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
Article One. - Liga ng Mga Barangay
SEC. 491. Purpose of Organization. - There shall be an organization of all
barangays to be known as the liga ng mga barangay for the primary purpose of
determining the representation of the Liga in the sanggunians, and for
ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting barangay government
administration and securing, through proper and legal means, solutions thereto.
SEC. 492. Representation, Chapters, National Liga. - Every barangay shall be
represented in said liga by the punong barangay, or in his absence or
incapacity, by a sanggunian member duly elected for the purpose among its
members, who shall attend all meetings or deliberations called by the different
chapters of the liga. The liga shall have chapters at the municipal, city,
provincial and metropolitan political subdivision levels. The municipal and city
chapters of the liga shall be composed of the barangay representatives of
municipal and city barangays, respectively. The duly elected presidents of
component municipal and city chapters shall constitute the provincial chapter or
the metropolitan political subdivision chapter. The duly elected presidents of
highly-urbanized cities, provincial chapters, the Metropolitan Manila chapter and
metropolitan political subdivision chapters shall constitute the National Liga ng
mga Barangay. cralaw

SEC. 493. Organization. - The liga at the municipal, city, provincial,

metropolitan political subdivision, and national levels directly elect a president,
a vice- president, and five (5) members of the board of directors. The board
shall appoint its secretary and treasurer and create such other positions as it
may deem necessary for the management of the chapter. A secretary-general
shall be elected from among the members of the national liga and shall be
charged with the overall operation of the liga on the national level. The board
shall coordinate the activi ties of the chapters of the liga.
cralaw

SEC. 494. Ex-Officio Membership in Sanggunians. - The duly elected presidents

of the liga at the municipal, city and provincial levels, including the component
cities and municipalities of Metropolitan Manila, shall serve as ex-officio
members of the sangguniang bayan, sangguniang panlungsod, sangguniang
panlalawigan, respectively. They shall serve as such only during their term of
office as presidents of the liga chapters, which in no case shall be beyond the
term of office of the sanggunian concerned. cralaw

SEC. 495. Powers, Functions and Duties of the Liga. - The Liga shall: chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Give priority to programs designed for the total development of the
barangays and in consonance with the policies, programs and projects of the
national government ;
(b) Assist in the education of barangay residents for people's participation in
local government administration in order to promote united and concerted
action to achieve country-wide development goals;
(c) Supplement the efforts of government in creating gainful employment
within the barangay;
(d) Adopt measures to promote the welfare of barangay officials;
(e) Serve as a forum of the barangays in order to forge linkages with
government and non-governmental organizations and thereby promote the
social, economic and political well-being of the barangays; and  cralaw

(f) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions
which will bring about stronger ties between barangays and promote the
welfare of the barangay inhabitants. 
Article Two. - League of Municipalities
SEC. 496. Purpose of Organization. - There shall be an organization of all
municipalities to be known as league of municipalities for the primary purpose
of ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting municipal
government administration, and securing, through proper and legal means,
solutions thereto. The league shall form provincial chapters composed of the
league presidents for all component municipalities of the province.
SEC. 497. Representation. - Every municipality shall be represented in the
league by the municipal mayor or in his absence, by the vice-mayor or a
sanggunian member duly elected for the purpose by the members, who shall
attend all meetings and participate in the deliberations of the league. cralaw

SEC. 498. Powers, Functions and Duties of the League of Municipalities. -

Theleague of municipalities shall:
chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Assist the national government in the formulation and implementation of

the policies, programs and projects affecting municipalities as a whole;
(b) Promote local autonomy at the municipal level;
(c) Adopt measures for the promotion of the welfare of all municipalities and its
officials and employees;
(d) Encourage people's participation in local government administration in order
to promote united and concerted action for the attainment of country-wide
development goals;
(e) Supplement the efforts of the national government in creating opportunities
for gainful employment within the municipalities;
(f) Give priority to programs designed for the total development of the
municipalities in consonance with the policies, programs and projects of the
national government;
(g) Serve as a forum for crystallizing and expressing ideas, seeking the
necessary assistance of the national government, and providing the private
sector avenues for cooperation in the promotion of the welfare of the
municipalities; and 
cralaw

(h) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
the league may prescribe for the welfare of the municipalities. 
Article Three. - League of Cities
SEC. 499. Purpose of Organization. - There shall be an organization of all cities
to be known as the League of Cities for the primary purpose of ventilating,
articulating and crystallizing issues affecting city government administration,
and securing, through proper and legal means, solutions thereto. The League
may form chapters at the provincial level for the component cities of a
province. Highly-urbanized cities may also form a chapter of the League. The
National League shall be composed of the presidents of the league of highly-
urbanized cities and the presidents of the provincial chapters of the league of
component cities.
SEC. 500. Representation. - Every city shall be represented in the league by the
city mayor or in his absence, by the city vice-mayor or a sanggunian member
duly elected for the purpose by the members, who shall attend all meetings and
participate in the deliberations of the league. cralaw

SEC. 501. Powers, Functions and Duties of the League of City. - The league of
cities shall:chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Assist the national government in the formulation and implementation of

the policies, programs and projects affecting cities as a whole;
(b) Promote local autonomy at the city level;
(c) Adopt measures for the promotion of the welfare of all cities and its officials
and employees;
(d) Encourage people's participation in local government administration in order
to promote united and concerted action for the attainment of country-wide
development goals;
(e) Supplement the efforts of the national government in creating opportunities
for gainful employment the cities;
(f) Give priority to programs designed for the total development of cities in
consonance with the policies, programs and projects of the national
government;
(g) Serve as a forum for crystallizing and expressing ideas, seeking the
necessary assistance of the national government and providing the private
sector avenues for cooperation in the promotion of the welfare of the cities;
and cralaw

(h) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
the league may prescribe for the welfare of the cities. 
Article Four- League of Provinces
SEC. 502. Purpose of Organization. - There shall be an organization of all
provinces to be known as the League of Provinces for the primary purpose of
ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting provincial and
metropolitan political subdivision government administration, and securing,
through proper and legal means, solutions thereto. For this purpose, the
Metropolitan Manila Area and any metropolitan political subdivision shall be
considered as separate provincial units of the league.
SEC. 503. Representation. - Every province shall be represented in the league
by the provincial governor or in his absence, by the provincial vice-governor or
a sanggunian member duly elected for the purpose by the members, who shall
attend all meetings and participate in the deliberations of the league. cralaw

SEC. 504. Powers, Functions and Duties of the League of Provinces. - The

league of provinces shall: chanrobles virtual law library
(a) Assist the national government in the formulation and implementation of
the policies, programs and projects affecting provinces as a whole;
(b) Promote local autonomy at the provincial level;
(c) Adopt measures for the promotion of the welfare of all provinces and its
officials and employees;
(d) Encourage peoples participation in local government administration in order
to promote united and concerted action for the attainment of countrywide
development goals;
(e) Supplement the efforts of the national government in creating opportunities
for gainful employment within the province;
(f) Give priority to programs designed for the total development of the
provinces in consonance with the policies, programs and projects of thenational
government;
(g) Serve as a forum for crystallizing and expressing ideas, seeking the
necessary assistance of the national government and providing the private
sector avenues for cooperation in the promotion of the welfare of the provinces;
and cralaw

(h) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as
the league may prescribe for the welfare of the provinces and metropolitan
political subdivisions. 
Article Five. - Provisions Common to all Leagues
SEC. 505. Funding. (a) All leagues shall derive its funds from contributions of
member local government units and from fund-raising projects and activities
without the necessity of securing permits therefor: Provided, That the proceeds
from said fund-raising projects and activities shall be used primarily to fund the
projects for which the said proceeds have been raised, subject to the pertinent
provision of this Code and the pertinent provisions of the Omnibus Election
Code.
(b) All funds of leagues shall be deposited as trust funds with its treasurer and
shall be disbursed in accordance with the board of director's resolutions,
subject to pertinent accounting and auditing rules and regulations: Provided,
That the treasurer shall be bonded in an amount to be determined by the board
of directors. The funds of a chapter shall be deposited as chapter funds and
funds of the national league shall be deposited as national funds. cralaw

SEC. 506. Organizational Structure. - To ensure the effective and efficient

administration, the leagues for municipalities, cities and provinces shall elect
chapter- level and national-level boards of directors and a set of officers headed
by the president. A secretary-general shall be chosen from among the national
league members to manage the day to day operation and activities of the
national league. The board of directors on the chapter or national level may
create such other positions as may be deemed necessary for the management
of the chapters and of the national league. The national board of directors of
the leagues for municipalities, cities or provinces shall coordinate programs,
projects and activities of chapter and the national-level league.
cralaw

SEC. 507.- Constitution and By-laws of the Liga and the Leagues. - All other
matters not herein otherwise provided for affecting the internal organization of
the leagues of local government units shall be governed by their respective
constitution and by-laws which are hereby made suppletory to the provision of
this Chapter: Provided, That said Constitution and By-laws shall always conform
to the provisions of the Constitution and existing laws. 
 
CHAPTER 2 - LEAGUES AND FEDERATIONS OF LOCAL ELECTIVE
OFFICIALS
SEC. 508. - Organization - (a) Vice-governor, vice-mayors, sanggunian
members of barangays, municipalities, component cities, highly-urbanized cities
and provinces, and other elective local officials of local government units,
including those of the Metropolitan Manila area and any metropolitan political
subdivisions, may form their respective leagues or federation, subject to
applicable provisions of this Title and pertinent provisions of this Code;
(b) Sanggunian members of component cities and municipalities shall form a
provincial federation and elect a board of directors and a set of officers headed
by the president. The duly elected president of the provincial federation of
sanggunian members of component cities and municipalities shall be an ex-
officio member of the sangguniang panlalawigan concerned and shall serve as
such only during his term of office as president of the provincial federation of
sanggunian members of component cities and municipalities, which in no case
shall be beyond the term of office of the sanggunian panlalawigan concerned. cralaw

SEC. 509. Constitution and By-laws. - The leagues or federations shall adopt a

Constitution and by-laws which shall govern their internal organization and
operation: Provided, That said Constitution and by-laws shall always conform to
the provision of the Constitution and existing laws.
cralaw

SEC. 510. Funding. - The leagues and federations may derive their funds from
contributions of individual league or federation members or from fund-raising
projects or activities. The local government unit concerned may appropriate
funds to support the leagues or federation organized pursuant to this Section,
subject to the availability of funds.