A Research proposa l

On

DRUG ABUSE AWARENESS AMONG S ENIO R SECONDARY SCHOOL

STUDENTS IN RELATION TO HOME ENVIROUNMENT

Subm itted to

LOVELY P ROFESSION AL UNIVERSITY

In pa rtia l fulfillment of the re quirem ents for the awa rd of the deg ree of

MASTER OF EDU CATIO N

Submitted by: Supervis ed by:

Seema Dr. Suman Saggu

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN ITIES

LOVELY P ROFESSION AL UNIVERSITY

PUNJAB

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Introduction

Yo ut h to day is g enerally asso ciat ed wit h hig h amb it io n, fast

life, and fa me, even ills drug add ict io n has beco me so pervasive t hat
po sses a great challeng e t o peo ple all o ver t he wo r ld. A millio n peo p le d ie
ever y year in smo k ing, dr ink ing and illic it drug use. The menace o f drug
add ict io n is increasing in o ur so ciet y w it h ever y p assing day. T he t rag ic
t hing abo ut sit uat io n has been t hat yo ut h o f t he co unt r y have been fallin g
prey t o t hese so urces. Devast at ing imp act o f drug abu se by yo u ng st udent s
appear s ver y familiar t o day. Drug affect s ner vo us syst em, brain, lu ng s,
psycho mo t o r sk ills and ment al hea lt h o f a perso n. The co st asso ciat ed
wit h drug use co nt inu es t o impo se a heavy burden o n so cial in frast ruct ure
to nu mero us co u nt r ies weat her d evelo ped or develo p ing co u nt r ies
(Anan,1999).Drug abu se is hazardo us and kno wn t o be prevalent amo ng
yo u ng adu lt s, warrant ing effo rt s to increase awareness abo ut har mfu l
effect s and t o chang e at t it udes; ( Kausar, 2011).

Ho me env iro nment is t hat enviro nment where child sp end

max imu m t ime. He receives so cial, aest het ic, cu lt ur al and mo r al valu es
and ot her valu es like ho sp it alit y, o bed ien ce and und erst and s t he behavio r
o f his parent s, sib ling, which has influ e nces behavio r, pat t ern and habit s.
Tho se va lues he lear ned fro m his ho me at his child st age t hat has ru n his
fu ll life. T he Child also lear ns t hat what is wro ng what is r ig ht fro m his
ho me Enviro nment . Mo o s and Mo o s (1986) defined ho me enviro nment as
t he degree o f co mmit ment , help and sup po rt family me mber s pro vide t o
o ne ano t her. One o f t he co mmand ing asp ect s o f ho me enviro nment is t he
psycho lo g ical secur it y g iven b y parent s and fa mily which help s in pro per

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develo p ment and balanced gro wt h o f child. T he behavio r o f childr en is
ver y larg ely affect ed by t he behav io r o f p arent s. Parent s p lay a big ro le in
det er min ing t he ho pes, fears and exper iences o f t he child.

At ho me, o ver prot ect ive o r neg lect ed nat ure o f parent s may causes
children t o get excit ed and at t r act ed t o ward ill habit s where co nsu mpt io n
o f drug is o ne o f t hem. Lack o f go ver nment po licies, lack o f awareness
regard ing abus ive effect s o f drug and poo r ho me enviro nment can be
co nsid ered as fact o r respo nsib le fo r t he increase drug add ict io n amo ng
children in ado lescent st age or in bet ween age year s of 16 to
19.Grebo w(1973) repo rt ed t hat “nurt urance affect io n “and achievement
,exp ect at io ns, demand and st and ards co nst it ut e t he t wo dim

Home is t he fir st scho o l o f t he child where impro ving t akes

p lace. T he fa mily act s t o t each a child, t he cu lt ur e and t he su b cu lt ure.
The child do es no t lear n o n ly o vert behavio r but he also lear ns so cial and
mo ral valu es. Ho me is t he st ruct ure o f a child in w hich t he child is nursed
and t ho ught up. Fro m t ho se co nt act s wit h family me mber s, children la y
fo u nd at io n fo r int erest and at t it udes towards peo p le, t hings and life in
general. As so cial ho r izo ns bro aden t he children co me in co nt act wit h
peer o ut sid e t he ho me. These ear ly fo u nd at io ns, laid in t he ho me, may be
chang ed and mo d ified ; t hro ugh t hey ar e never co mp let ely erad icat ed.
Inst ead t hey in flu ence t heir lat er at t it udes and behavio r pat t erns. Ho me is
no t mer ely meant nu mber o f members liv ing u nd er roo f rat h er it is
psycho lo g ical ro o f amo ng it s member s, which fo r ms an impo rt ant aspect
o f family. S ince ho me co nst it ut e t he fir st env iro nment o f t he child, it s
members specially t he parent s and sib ling s are mo st sig nificant , peo p le
dur ing t he ear ly fo r mat io n year. Parent s influ ence t he children by what
t hey t hink, ho w t hey feel and what t hey do in t he fa mily. An yt hing
parent s do to a child o f wit h a child has it s aims t o co nt ro l t he child, to
mo d ify t o maint ain a desired fo r m o f behavio r. Healt hy parent s in t he
ho me are med iu m o f pro vid ing who leso me and ad ju st able facilit ies
requ ir ed fo r success in life. I ndeed a scho o l o f psycho lo g ical part icip at io n

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fo r so ciet y in present in t he in fant at birt h which ma y be aggr egat ed o r
co nt ro lled acco rd ing fo r t he ear ly child ho o d exper ience o f ind iv idu al.

Drug abu se, acco rd ing t o Aja yi and Ayo d ele (2002), is t he
wro ng use o r inappro pr iat e use o f chemical su bst ances t hat are capable o f
chang ing fu nct io n o f cell in t he bo d y. T her e are man y st ud ies fo r find ing
asso ciat io n bet ween many fact o rs to drug abuse. This st ud y is d esig ned t o
invest igat e co rrelat io n bet ween ho me enviro nment and drug abu se
awareness. Drug abu se is beco me an increasing pro blem in S enio r
Seco nd ar y Scho o l St udent s. The ma jo r causes o f t he co nc er n is t hat a
sig nificant pro p rat io n o f t hese yo u ng peo p le event ually get add ict ed
po sing a t hr eat to t hese o wn healt h and safet y t he st ud y is descr ipt ive
met ho d. Acco rd ing t o Co llin’s Co ursed Dict io nar y (1 961) enviro nment
was all t he circu mst ances, peo p le, t hing s and event s aro und t hem t hat
in flu ence t heir life. Bro ad ly t he t er m enviro nment inclu des p hys ica l
enviro nment . Ph ysical enviro nment is co ncer ned wit h t he nut r it io n and
climat e co nd it io ns while so cial env iro nment o r so cial her it age refers t o
t he cu lt ure surro u nd ing s t o t he ind iv idu al. Drug abu se can d isrupt family
life and crat e d isr upt ed pat t ern o f co dependency t hat is t he spo use o r
who le family o ut o f lo ve o r fear o f co nseq uence, inad vert ent ly enables t he
user t o co nt inue u sing drug s by co ver ing u p supp lying mo ney o r denyin g
t here is a pro blem. Drug relat ed cr ime can d isrupt neig hbo r ho o d due to
vio lence amo ng drug dea ler. The great majo r it y o f ho meless peo p le have
eit her a drug alco ho l pro ble m o r ment al illness many have all t here. Kau sa
(2011) co nduct ed a st ud y t o assess t he pr evalent drug add ict io n act iv it ies
at hig her seco ndar y level in d ist r ict Islamabad, Pak ist an. T he resu lt o f t he
st ud y led t o t he co nclus io n t hat t here is a dir e need to t rain bo t h t eacher s
and st udent s t ho ug h mak ing st ro ng curr icu lar refo r ms u nder a fo r ma l drug
educat io n pro grammer.

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Alco ho l: Alco ho l as a su bst ance is a dru g. To label it a bever age in no
way changes t he way in which it int eract s wit h t he o rganis m. It is st ill a
Cent ral Ner vo us S yst em d epressant (Par ikh and Kr ishna, 1981) alt ho ug h
legal; alco ho l is a to xic su bst ance, part icu lar ly t o a develo p ing fet us when
a mo t her co nsu mes t his drug dur ing preg nancy.

Amp het amines: This gro up o f drug s co mes in man y fo r ms, fro m
prescr ipt io n med icat io ns lik e met hylp henidat e (Rit alin, Co ncert i) and
drugs lik e met hamp het amine ( “met h”) Overdo se of an y of t hese
su bst ances can resu lt in seizure and d eat h.

Anabo lic St ero ids: A gro up o f su bst ance abu sed by bo d ybu ild ers and ot her
at hlet es, t his gro up o f drugs can lead t o terr ible psycho lo g ical effect s lik e
aggressio n and parano ia, as well as devast at ing lo ng t er m p hysical effect s
lik e infert ilit y and o rgan failu re.

Caffe ine: Wh ile it is co nsu med b y man y, co ffee, t ea and so da dr ink ers,
when co nsu med in excess t his su bst ance can pro duce palp it at io ns,
inso mn ia, t remo rs and s ig nificant anxiet y.

Cannabis: Cannabis is also k no wn as mar iju ana o r hash ish and is famo u s
t hro ugho ut t he wo rld fo r it s psycho act ive pro pert ies ( Khant awo ng, 2004)
The scient ific name fo r cannabis is t et rahydro cannab ino l (THC) I n
add it io n t o t he negat ive effect s t he drug it self can pro duce ( fo r examp le,
in fert ilit y, par ano ia, lack o f mo t ivat io n) t he fact t hat it is co mmo nly
mixed (“Cut ”) wit h ot her su bst ances so drug dealer s can make mo re
mo ney selling t he d ilut ed su bst ance o r expo se t he u se t o mo re ad d ict ive
drugs expo ses t he mar ijuana user t o t he dang ers asso ciat ed wit h t ho se
added su bst ances. Examp les o f ingred ient s t he mar iju ana is co mmo nly cut

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wit h include bab y po wder, o regano , embalming flu id, PCP, o p iat es, and
co caine.

Co caine: A drug t hat t end s t o st imu lat e t he ner vo us syst em, co caine ca be
sno rt ed in po wder fo r m, smo ked when in t he fo r m o f ro cks (crack
co caine), o r inject ed when made in t o liqu id.

Ecst asy: Also called MDMA to denot e it s chemical co mpo sit io n

( met h ylened io xymet hamp het amine), t his drug t end t o creat e a sense o f
eup ho r ia and an expansive lo ve o r desir e to nurt ure ot hers. In o verdo se, it
can increase bo d y t emp erat ure to t he po int o f being fat al.

Hallucino gens: E xamp les inclu de LS D and mescaline, as we ll as so called

nat urally o ccurr ing hallu cino gens like cer t ain mu shro o ms; t hese drug s can
be dangero us in t heir abilit y t o alt er the percept io n o f t he use. Fo r
examp le a perso n who is int o xicat ed wit h a hallucino gen may p erceiv e
danger s where t here is no ne and t o t hink t hat sit uat io n t hat are t ruly
dangero us are no t . That mispercept io n can resu lt in dang ero us behav io rs
( like ju mp ing o ut o f a windo w becau se t he ind iv idu al t hink s t hey ar e
r id ing o n an elep hant t hat can fly)

Inha lant s: One o f t he mo st co mmo nly abu sed gro up o f su bst ance du e t o it s
accessib ilit y, inhalant s are usu ally co nt ained in ho useho ld cleaners, lik e
ammo nia, bleach and o t her subst ances that emit fu mes. Brain damage,
even t o t he po int o f deat h, can resu lt fro m using an inhalant just o nce o r
o ver t he co urse o f t ime, d epend ing o n t he ind iv idual.

Nico t ine: The add ict ive su bst ance fo u nd in cigaret t es, nico t ine is act uall y
o ne o f t he mo st hab it fo r ming su bst ances t hat exist . In fact , nico t ine
add ict io n is o ft en co mp ared t o t he int ense add ict ivene ss asso ciat ed wit h
o piat es like hero in.

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Kausa (2011) co nduct ed a st ud y t o assess t he preva lent drug add ict io n
act ivit ies at hig her seco ndar y level in d ist r ict Islamabad, Pak ist an. T he
resu lt o f t he st ud y le d t o t he co nc lusio n that t here wa s a d ir e need t o t rain
bo t h t eacher s and st udent s t ho ugh mak ing st ro ng curr icu lar refo r ms u nder
a fo r mal drug ed ucat io n pro grammer.

Grebo w (1973) repo rt ed t hat “nurt urance affect io n “and achievement

,exp ect at io ns, demand and st and ards co nst it ut e t he t wo dimensio ns o f
parent al behavio r t hat have been regar ded as impo rt ant by previo u s
resear cher s.

Khant awo ng (2004) co mp ared t he level o f ment al healt h and acad emic
achievement o f drug u ser s and no n-dr ug users in seco nd ar y scho o l
st udent s o f Thailand and co nclud ed t hat no n-drug user s were bet t er in
acad emic ach ievement and ment al healt h t han drug user s.

Sain i (201 0) co nduct ed st ud y t o get an id ea o f drug add ict io n in u nder

graduat e st udent s o f pr ivat e u niver sit y in Bang ladesh and co nclud ed t hat
st udent s main ly t o o k drugs to have fu n o r just fo r sake o f cur io sit y
t hro ugh t heir t reat ment t ak ing at t it ude was in ver y lo w st age.

Tayla (200 8) in his st ud y realized t hat mo re t o be do ne wit h vu lnerable

parent s and t heir children t o safeg uard wher e parent al a lco ho l misu se
und erp ins a range o f o t her d ifficu lt ies.

Sani (20 10) co nd uct ed st ud y t o get an idea o f drug add ict io n in

und ergradu at e st udent s o f p sssr ivat e u niversit ies in Bang ladesh and
co nclud ed t hat st udent s main ly t oo k drugs to have fu n o r just fo r t he sak e
o f cur io sit y t ho ug h t here t reat ment t aking att it ude was in ver y lo w st age.

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which is handed do wn t o t he ind iv id ual fro m successive generat io ns o f
hu man being s.

The signi fi cance o f the Study:

The st ruct ure o f a family it self is in su ch a well defined

pat t ern t hat do ing so met hing wro ng b y st aying in t hat at mo sp here is qu it e
no t po ssible. T hu s yo u ng bo ys and g ir ls who st ay in t he ho mel y
enviro nment have less chance t o get dist ract ed int o a wro ng t rack. Awa y
fro m ho me in t he ho st el set up, t he pro babilit y o f get t ing invo lved in il l
act ivit ies is mo re. Researcher s have sho wn t hat in a well st ruct ured family
t here are hard ly any drug add ict s but t he same perso n mig ht beco me
add ict ed to illicit drug s. In mo der n t imes, since t he inherent d iscip line o f
ho me is miss ing o ver t here t he t endenc y t o break ru les beco mes do minant
and yo u ng ch ildren fo llo w a wro ng ro ad. Drug addict io n is o ne o f t he
mo st co mp lex and baffling o f vices. Drugs co nt inue t o damag e and
ind eed dest ro y many hu man lives. The d evast at ing imp act o f drug abuse
by yo u ng st udent appears ver y familiar t o day (Khant awo ng, 2004 ). Drug
add ict io n no t o nly affect s t he users but also o t hers lik e parent s, sib ling s,
clo se fr iend s and wo rkers. It affect s ment al healt h and academic
achievement o f st udent s who are dru g users. The effect s o f drug add ict io n
are felt o n man y levels: perso nal, fr iend s, family and so ciet al. I nd iv id ual
who use drug s and alco ho l exper ience a wid e array o f p hys ica l effect s due
to t heir drug and alco ho l add ict io n t hat t hey had never ant ic ipat ed.
Ad d it io nal effect s o f drug add ict io n inc lude t o lerance, wit hdrawal,
ant icip at ed. Add it io nal effect s o f dru g add ict io n inclu de t o lerance,
wit hdrawa l, sick ness, o verdo se ag e, and reso rt ing t o a life o f cr ime. T he
effect s o f drug add ict io n can d isrupt family life and creat e dest ruct ive
pat t erns o f co dependenc y. T he valu able hu ma n and financial reso urces

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co nt inue t o divert away fro m pro duct ive act ivit ies which ar e essent ial fo r
develo p ment and pro sper it y.

At ho me, o ver prot ect ive o r neg lect ed nat ure o f parent s may causes
children t o get excit ed and at t ract ed t o ward ill habit s whe re co nsu mpt io n
o f drug is o ne o f t hem. Lack o f go ver nment po licies, lack o f awareness
regard ing abus ive effect s o f drug and poo r ho me enviro nment can be
co nsid ered as fact o r respo nsib le fo r t he increase drug add ict io n amo ng
children in ado lescent st age o r in bet ween age years o f 16 t o 19. Evidence
sho ws t hat awareness reg ard ing drug s and it s ill effect s may be reaso n o f
cur ing t his pro blem t o so me ext ent . So t he purpo se o f t his st ud y is t o
kno w abo ut t he level o f awareness regard ing drug abu se amo ng mo st
affect ed age gro up i.e. st udent s at Senio r Seco nd ar y Scho o l level and ro le
o f ho me enviro nment if any o n t he awareness o f t his st at ed po pulat io n
regard ing ill effect s o f drug abuse.

Statement o f the Prob lem:

The invest ig at o rs int end to st udy t he effect o f ho me

enviro nment o n drug abu se awareness. So present st ud y will be st at ed as
DRUG ABUSE AWAI RENESS AMONG S ENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS IN RELATION TO HOME ENVIRONMENT

Operationa l definition o f the Term:

Drugs: An y pro duct ot her t han fo o d o r wat er t hat effect t he way peo p le
feel, t hink see and behave, it is a su bst ance t hat , due to it s chemica l
nat ure, affect s, ment al and emo t io nal fu nct io ning. It can ent er t he bo d y

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t hro ugh chewing, inhaling, smo k ing, drink ing, rubbing o n t he sk in o r
in ject io n.

Drug Abuse: Drug abuse, also called su bst ance abu se o r chemical abuse,
is t he use o f illeg al dru gs, o r t he mis use o f prescr ipt io n o r o ver t he
co unt er drugs. Drug abuse is a pat t ern o f behavio r t hat d isp lays man y
ad verse resu lt s fro m co nt inu al use o f a su bst ance.

Drugs Abu se awa ren ess:

Drug abu se awareness is st at ed as abilit y t o perceive, to feel o r to be

co nscio u s o f event s, o bject s o r senso r y pat t erns regard ing ill effect o f
drug. Mo re bro ad ly, it is t he st at e qualit y o f being aware o f drug abu se.

Home Envi ronment: In t his st ud y, ho me enviro nment shall be

o perat io nalized as parent al-st ruct ure, Parent o ccupat io n st at us, parent al
invo lvement and parent al managed lear nin g pro grams.

Objective o f the study:

1. To co mpare dru g abu se awareness amo ng senio r seco ndar y

scho o l st udent s exp er ienc ing hig h, av erage and lo w ho me
enviro nment .
2. To co mpare dru g abu se awareness amo ng senio r seco ndar y
scho o l st udent s in relat io n to t heir gender, lo cale and
educat io nal st ream.

Hypotheses o f the study

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H1(a)There exist s a sig nificant d ifference in drug abu se awareness amo ng
senio r seco ndar y scho o l st udent s exper iencing h ig h, average and lo w
ho me enviro nment .

H2(a)There exist s a sig nificant d ifference in drug abu se awareness

bet ween male and fema le senio r seco ndar y scho o l st udent s.

H2(b)T her e ex ist s a sig nificant d ifference in drug abu se awar eness
bet ween ur ban and rural senio r seco nd ar y scho o l st udent s.

H2(c) Ther e exist s a sig n ificant d iffer ence in dru g abu se awareness amo ng
science and art st ream senio r seco ndar y scho o l st udent s.

Deli mitation:

The present pro blem will be delimit ed t o the fo llo wing area o f t he st ud y;

1. St ud y will be delimit ed to t he 150 Sen io r Seco ndar y Scho o l

St udent s o nly.
2. St ud y will be delimit ed t o t he +1 class st udent o f Go vt . scho o ls
fro m art s and science ed ucat io nal st ream o f Jaland har and Karpurt hala
d ist r ict o nly.
3. The st ud y will be delimit ed t o t he var iable ho me enviro nment and
drug abuse awareness o nly.
Method of Procedu re

This st ud y will be descr ipt iv e by it s nat ure. Keep ing in view

o f evidences, o bject ives and hypo t heses; invest igat o r fo u nd it su it able t o
use d escr ipt ive sur vey met ho d in t he present st ud y. Descr ipt ive resear ch
is a co nd it io ns and degree in det ail o f t he present sit u a t io n and whenever
po ssib le, t o draw valid g eneral co nclu sio ns fro m t he fact disco vered .

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Samp le Techniques

Rando m st rat ified samp ling will be used. A list o f all senio r
seco ndar y scho o l o f ja land har and kaput hala d ist r ict will be t aken o ut. By
lo t t er y met ho d any fo ur scho o l will be select ed .Dat a will be co llect ed
fro m 150 st udent s d ivid ed int o var io u s educat io nal st ream (art s, science)
which will be furt her d iv id ed int o male and female st udent s.

Samp le design

150
Senior seconday
school students

Arts Science
(75) (75)

Girls Boys Grils Boys

Too ls of the data co llection

The select io n o f su it able t oo ls is o f vit al impo rt ance fo r

successfu l research. To co llect dat a fo r t his st ud y: Ho me enviro nment
invent o r y (HEI) by Khurana Shankar Mishr a (2012) will be used and
quest io nnaire o n drug abu se awareness will be prep ared by inv est igat o r
fo r sen io r seco ndar y scho o l st udent . A q uest io nnaire will be prep ared by
t he invest igat o r to measure t he ext ent and degree o f awareness o f st udent s

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regard ing drug abu se. The purpo se o f t he quest io nnaire will be to measure
awareness regard ing drug abu se amo ng senio r seco ndar y scho o l st udent s.
Sen io r Seco ndar y Scho o l st udent s st ud ying in +1 class will fo r m t he
t arget po pu lat io n fo r which t oo l o n d rug abu se awareness is t o be
prepared.

Pro cedu re fo r data Co llection :

The dat a fo r t he present st ud y will be co llect ed fro m +1 c lass

st udent s’ belo ng ing s t o var io us educat io nal st reams at senio r seco nd ar y
Scho o l level. I n all t here will be 1 50 st udent s, includ ing bo t h bo ys and
g ir ls ado pt ing art s and science st ream at sen io r seco ndar y S cho o l leve l.
Invest ig at o r prepared quest io nnair e on dru g abu se awareness and
st and ard ized too l o n ho me env iro nment prepared by Khurana S hank ar
Mishr a will be u sed t o co llect dat a. The r espo ndent s will fill t heir pro file
and will answer all t he quest io ns o f t he quest io nnaire t o t he best o f t heir
kno wledg e and exper ience. Dat a will be analyzed and o n t he basis
hypo t heses will be t est ed.

Statistica l technique

Fo llo wing St at ist ical t echn iques will be u sed fo r analys is o f dat a:

1. Descr ipt ive st at ist ics: Mean, Mo de, med ian, S.D., Skewness and
Kurt o sis will be used fo r ascert aining t he nat ure o f d ist r ibut io n o f sco res.

2. ANOVA & t -t est will be u sed.

Reference

Baldwin. A. L. (1981).The E ffect o f Ho me Enviro nment o n Nurser y

Scho o l Behavio r. Child Develo p ment , 20.130-170

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Mand lakayise g ilfo rd mdand a (1997) ho me env iro nment and p up ils
acad emic achievement BY 3 I nt ernat io nal jo urnal o f scient ific r esearch in
educat io n, (2012), 5 (3) , 260-268.

Rebemt a W mait hya by Drug abuse in seco nd ar y scho o l in Kenya:

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