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Biaxial Bending

Biaxial bending refers to bending that occurs in both the major and minor axes of a structural member, such as a purlin oriented at an angle to the roof slope. Loads applied to such members produce moments in two perpendicular directions. The biaxial bending interaction equation checks that the combined stresses from these two moments do not exceed the allowable stress. An example problem is presented to check the adequacy of an angled purlin subjected to gravity loads using this interaction equation.

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Bridget Anne Benitez
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54 views13 pages

Biaxial Bending

Biaxial bending refers to bending that occurs in both the major and minor axes of a structural member, such as a purlin oriented at an angle to the roof slope. Loads applied to such members produce moments in two perpendicular directions. The biaxial bending interaction equation checks that the combined stresses from these two moments do not exceed the allowable stress. An example problem is presented to check the adequacy of an angled purlin subjected to gravity loads using this interaction equation.

Uploaded by

Bridget Anne Benitez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biaxial Bending

Biaxial Bending
o for members not oriented in the basic 0 or 90
degree axis and resisting gravity loads, bending in
both major and minor axis may occur.
o One of the common examples for this are purlins
which are oriented with the slope of the roof
Biaxial Bending
Purlin illustration with loads an local axis

w kN/m
2 w2 w3
3
angle
Biaxial Bending
Sample resulting moments for both axes

Weak-axis bending Strong-axis bending


Biaxial Bending
o The following interaction equation needs to be satisfied for
biaxial bending
𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝑓𝑏𝑦
′ + ′ ≤ 1.0 (ASD)
𝐹𝑏𝑥 𝐹𝑏𝑦
where:
fc = actual compressive stress
fb = actual bending stress
F’b = modified allowable bending stress

𝐹𝑏′ = 𝐹𝑏 𝐶𝐷 × 𝐶𝑀 × 𝐶𝑡 × 𝐶𝑟 × 𝐶𝑖 × 𝐶𝐹𝑅
Note: The purlin design usually determines the spacing of trusses and rafters
Example Problem
Check the adequacy of the purlin below for the given properties and loads.
Assume a purlin spacing of 0.3m and roof connection does not provide any
lateral restraint. Use Fb = 24 MPa and E = 6500 MPa.

D + Lr = 0.365 kN/m
2
3
0.365 kN/m
2 w2 w3 1
3 3m
27o

50 x 50mm purlin
Solution
o Break down uniform load into components (2 and 3 axes) and compute the
moments

w2 = 0.365 cos(27o) M2 = w3L2/8 = 0.166 x 32/8


= 0.33 kN/m = 0.186 kN - m

w3 = 0.365 sin(27o) M3 = w2L2/8 = 0.325 x 32/8


= 0.17 kN/m = 0.366 kN - m
Solution
Sample SAP output for purlin rotated at 27o loaded with 0.37 kN/m global
gravity direction load
Solution
o Compute section properties of purlin
 moment of inertia is same for weak and strong axis

I22 = I33 = bh3/12 = 50 x 503/12 = 520.83 x 103 mm4

c22 = c33 = 25 mm (critical fiber)

S22 = S33 = I/c = 520.83 x 103 mm4 /25 mm


= 20.83 x 103 mm3 (section modulus)
Solution
o Compute actual stresses in purlin in both axes

fb3 = M3/ S33


= 0.366 kN - m / 20.83 x 103 mm3
= 366 x 103 N - mm / 20.83 x 103 mm3
= 17.562 MPa

fb2 = M2/ S22


= 0.186 kN - m / 20.83 x 103 mm3
= 186 x 103 N - mm / 20.83 x 103 mm3
= 8.948 MPa
Solution
Solution
o Compute the allowable stress

F’b = Fbmod CD x CM x Ct x Cr x Ci x CFR

CD = 1.25 Cr = 1.15
CM = 1.00 Ci = 1.00
Ct = 1.00 CFR = 1.00

F’b = 20.654 (1.25) (1.0) (1.0) (1.15) (1.0) (1.0)


= 29.690 MPa (applicable to both axes)
Solution

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