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Chapter 4 (Core Competencies, Resources, & Capabilities)

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467 views4 pages

Chapter 4 (Core Competencies, Resources, & Capabilities)

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4th Meeting.

Internal Analysis: Reso ang baik dari perusahaan, kemudian


urces, Capabilities, and Core Comp akan menjalankan aktivitas yang da
etencies. pat memberikan competitive advant
age.
Keunggulan kompetitif merupakan
 What is core competencies?
merupakan kemampuan perusahaan
1. Unique strengths
dalam menciptakan keunggulan dari
2. Embedded deep within a firm
pesaing dari industri yang sama.
3. Allow differentiation of products
and services from rivals.
 Resources, Capabilities and Act
Results in:
ivities
- Creating higher value for the cust.
Help deliver core competencies
- Offering products and services at lo
1. Resources: Any assets that a firm c
wer cost.
an draw on.
Examples:
2. Capabilities: Organizational and
- IKEA: designing modern functional
managerial skills
home furnishings at low cost, can be
3. Activities: Distinct and fine-graine
requested by cust.
d business processes.
- Netflix: creating an algorithms base
d on cust preferences.
 Sumber Daya, Kemampuan da
Core competencies made from reso
n Aktivitas
urces and capabilities, and ended u
Membantu dalam menyampaikan ke
p with create an activities, then the f
unggulan kompetitif perusahaan.
irm will provide competitive advant
1. Sumber Daya: Aset yang dapat di
age.
manfaatkan perusahaan.
Competitive advantage is the firm’s
2. Kemampuan: Organisasi dan skill
capabilities (resources & characterist
manajerial.
ics) in order to have better performa
3. Aktivitas: Proses bisnis yang berbe
nce than the rivals in the same mark
da dan terperinci.
etplace.
 The Resources Based View:
 Apa itu core competencies?
Resources are key to superior firm p
Kekuatan yang unik, tertanam di dal
erformance and aids in identifying c
am perusahaan, adanya diferensiasi
ore competencies.
produk dan servis dari pesaing. Cor
Categories of Resources:
e competencies menghasilkan value
1. Tangible: Resources that have ph
yang tinggi dengan harga terendah.
ysical attributes and visible. Exp:
Contoh:
Labor, Capital, Land, Buildings,
- IKEA menawarkan produk yang le
Plant, Equipment, Supplies.
bih modern bertema scandinavian d
2. Intangible: The opposite of tangi
engan menawarkan harga terendah
ble. Exp: Culture, Knowledge, Br
dan servis yang baik.
and Equity, Reputation, Intellect
- Netflix memberikan tontonan yang
ual Property (Patents, Designs, C
sesuai dengan profil pelanggannya d
opyrights, Trademarks, Trade Se
engan biaya berlangganan yang ren
crets).
dah.
Core competencies dapat terbentuk
 Pandangan Sumber Daya:
dari sumber daya dan kemampuan y
Sumber daya merupakan kunci dari  The VRIO Framework
perfomen perusahaan superior dan Tool for evaluating firm resource en
cara mengidentifikasi keunggulan dowments. To be the basis of a com
kompetitif melalui sumber daya. petitive advantage, resources must
Kategori sumber daya: be:
1. Berwujud 1. Valuable; helps the firms to exploi
2. Tidak Berwujud t an external opportunity or offset an
(dah tau semua lah ya) external threat.
2. Rare; only one or few firms posses
Two Critical Assumptions of RBV s it.
1. Resource Heterogeneity: comes fr 3. costly to Immitate; competitors ca
om the insight of bundles of resourc n’t develop the resource for a reason
es, capabilities, and competencies dif able price. (Direct Imitation,
fer across firms in the same industry. Substitution, Combine DI & Subs).
Exp: Citilink & Batik Air are the airli 4. Organized to capture the value of
nes that have low-cost strategic. But, the resource; effective organizational
both of them have different resource structure and coordinating systems.
s.
2. Resource Immobility: comes from  Kerangka VRIO
the insight that resources don’t mov Alat yang digunakan untuk
e easily from firm to firm, difficult to mengevaluasi kontribusi sumber
replicate, and can last for a long time. daya perusahaan untuk menjadi
Exp: Apple has a good resources an dasar dari keunggulan kompetitif,
d can’t be replicate by others. sumber daya harus:
1. Bernilai
 Dua Asumsi RBV 2. Jarang
1. Resource Heterogeneity: 3. Mahal untuk ditiru
Menganalisa berdasarkan sumber 4. Terorganisir untuk mendapatkan
daya, kemampuan, dan kompetensi nilai sumber daya
dari perusahaan yang berbeda
namun di industri yang sama.  Isolating Mechanisms: How to
Contoh: Citilink & Batik Air sama- Sustain a Competitive
sama menawarkan harga yang lebih Advantage
murah, tetapi keduanya memiliki 1. Better Expectations of future
latar belakang sumber daya yang resource value.
berbeda. Itu dapat membuat 2. Path Dependence
performa keduanya berbeda. 3. Causal Ambiguity
2. Resource Immobility: 4. Social Complexity
Menganalisa bahwa sumber daya 5. Intellectual Property (IP)
tidak dapat berpindah dari Protection. The five majors forms of
perusahaan satu ke perusahaan lain, IP: Patents, Designs, Copyrights,
sulit untuk ditiru dan untuk jangka Trademarks, Trade Secrets.
panjang. Contoh: Apple. Sistem
Apple tidak dapat ditiru oleh  Mekanisme Isolasi: Bagaimana
teknologi merk apapun dan selalu cara mempertahankan
memiliki keunggulannya sendiri di keunggulan kompetitif?
mata pelanggan. 1. Ekspektasi nilai sumber daya
masa depan yang lebih baik
2. Ketergantungan situasi yang Rancangan yang menekankan
disebabkan oleh keputusan yang kemampuan perusahaan untuk: a)
terbatas di masa lalu memodifikasi dan memengaruhi
3. Ambiguitas kausal, sebab akibat dasar sumber daya, b) mendapatkan
dari sebuah fenomena yang tidak dan mempertahankan keunggulan
terlihat secara langsung kompetitif dalam perubahan
4. Kompleksitas sosial, situasi lingkungan.
dimana perbedaan sistem sosial dan Pasar yang dinamis disebabkan
bisnis berinteraksi. oleh:
5. Properti (Sumber Daya Tidak 1. Teknologi
Terwujud) 2. Perubahan peraturan
3. Globalisasi
 The Dynamic Capabilities 4. Demografi
Perspective DCP dibagi menjadi:
A model that emphasizes a firm’s 1. Core Rigidity (mengubah sumber
ability to: a) modify and leverage its daya dari aset ke hutang)
resource base, b) gain and sustain 2. Kemampuan dinamis
competitive advantage in a (mengadaptasi sumber daya dari
constantly changing environment. waktu ke waktu).
Dynamic markets are due to: Tujuan:
1. Technological change - Mengembangkan sumber daya,
2. Deregulation kemampuan, & kompetensi
3. Globalization - Menciptakan strategi yang tepat
4. Demographic shifts dengan lingkungan perusahaan
DCP dibagi menjadi: - Berubah secara dinamis
1. Core Rigidity (Turns a resource 3. Resource Stocks
from an asset to a liability) 4. Resource Flows
2. Dynamic Capabilities (Adapt
resources over time)  The Value Chain
The goals: Internal activities a firm engages in
- Develop resources, capabilities & when transforming inputs into
competencies outputs through primary and
- Create a strategic fit with the firm’s support activities.
environment Primary: Supply Chain
- Change in a dynamic fashion Management, Operations,
3. Resource Stocks (the firm’s Distribution, Marketing and Sales,
current level of intangible After-sales service.
resources); new product Support: Research & Development,
development, engineering expertise, Information Systems, Human
innovation capability, reputation for Resources, Accounting & Finance.
quality.
4. Resource Flows (the firm’s level  Strategy Activity Systems Must
of investments to maintain or build a Evolve
resource) a) External environment changes,
b) Competitors develop their activity
 Perspektif Kemampuan systems
Dinamis How activity systems are updated?
1. Add new activities
2. Remove activities that are no
longer relevant
3. Upgrade activities that have
become stale

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