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4th Meeting.
Internal Analysis: Reso ang baik dari perusahaan, kemudian
urces, Capabilities, and Core Comp akan menjalankan aktivitas yang da etencies. pat memberikan competitive advant age. Keunggulan kompetitif merupakan What is core competencies? merupakan kemampuan perusahaan 1. Unique strengths dalam menciptakan keunggulan dari 2. Embedded deep within a firm pesaing dari industri yang sama. 3. Allow differentiation of products and services from rivals. Resources, Capabilities and Act Results in: ivities - Creating higher value for the cust. Help deliver core competencies - Offering products and services at lo 1. Resources: Any assets that a firm c wer cost. an draw on. Examples: 2. Capabilities: Organizational and - IKEA: designing modern functional managerial skills home furnishings at low cost, can be 3. Activities: Distinct and fine-graine requested by cust. d business processes. - Netflix: creating an algorithms base d on cust preferences. Sumber Daya, Kemampuan da Core competencies made from reso n Aktivitas urces and capabilities, and ended u Membantu dalam menyampaikan ke p with create an activities, then the f unggulan kompetitif perusahaan. irm will provide competitive advant 1. Sumber Daya: Aset yang dapat di age. manfaatkan perusahaan. Competitive advantage is the firm’s 2. Kemampuan: Organisasi dan skill capabilities (resources & characterist manajerial. ics) in order to have better performa 3. Aktivitas: Proses bisnis yang berbe nce than the rivals in the same mark da dan terperinci. etplace. The Resources Based View: Apa itu core competencies? Resources are key to superior firm p Kekuatan yang unik, tertanam di dal erformance and aids in identifying c am perusahaan, adanya diferensiasi ore competencies. produk dan servis dari pesaing. Cor Categories of Resources: e competencies menghasilkan value 1. Tangible: Resources that have ph yang tinggi dengan harga terendah. ysical attributes and visible. Exp: Contoh: Labor, Capital, Land, Buildings, - IKEA menawarkan produk yang le Plant, Equipment, Supplies. bih modern bertema scandinavian d 2. Intangible: The opposite of tangi engan menawarkan harga terendah ble. Exp: Culture, Knowledge, Br dan servis yang baik. and Equity, Reputation, Intellect - Netflix memberikan tontonan yang ual Property (Patents, Designs, C sesuai dengan profil pelanggannya d opyrights, Trademarks, Trade Se engan biaya berlangganan yang ren crets). dah. Core competencies dapat terbentuk Pandangan Sumber Daya: dari sumber daya dan kemampuan y Sumber daya merupakan kunci dari The VRIO Framework perfomen perusahaan superior dan Tool for evaluating firm resource en cara mengidentifikasi keunggulan dowments. To be the basis of a com kompetitif melalui sumber daya. petitive advantage, resources must Kategori sumber daya: be: 1. Berwujud 1. Valuable; helps the firms to exploi 2. Tidak Berwujud t an external opportunity or offset an (dah tau semua lah ya) external threat. 2. Rare; only one or few firms posses Two Critical Assumptions of RBV s it. 1. Resource Heterogeneity: comes fr 3. costly to Immitate; competitors ca om the insight of bundles of resourc n’t develop the resource for a reason es, capabilities, and competencies dif able price. (Direct Imitation, fer across firms in the same industry. Substitution, Combine DI & Subs). Exp: Citilink & Batik Air are the airli 4. Organized to capture the value of nes that have low-cost strategic. But, the resource; effective organizational both of them have different resource structure and coordinating systems. s. 2. Resource Immobility: comes from Kerangka VRIO the insight that resources don’t mov Alat yang digunakan untuk e easily from firm to firm, difficult to mengevaluasi kontribusi sumber replicate, and can last for a long time. daya perusahaan untuk menjadi Exp: Apple has a good resources an dasar dari keunggulan kompetitif, d can’t be replicate by others. sumber daya harus: 1. Bernilai Dua Asumsi RBV 2. Jarang 1. Resource Heterogeneity: 3. Mahal untuk ditiru Menganalisa berdasarkan sumber 4. Terorganisir untuk mendapatkan daya, kemampuan, dan kompetensi nilai sumber daya dari perusahaan yang berbeda namun di industri yang sama. Isolating Mechanisms: How to Contoh: Citilink & Batik Air sama- Sustain a Competitive sama menawarkan harga yang lebih Advantage murah, tetapi keduanya memiliki 1. Better Expectations of future latar belakang sumber daya yang resource value. berbeda. Itu dapat membuat 2. Path Dependence performa keduanya berbeda. 3. Causal Ambiguity 2. Resource Immobility: 4. Social Complexity Menganalisa bahwa sumber daya 5. Intellectual Property (IP) tidak dapat berpindah dari Protection. The five majors forms of perusahaan satu ke perusahaan lain, IP: Patents, Designs, Copyrights, sulit untuk ditiru dan untuk jangka Trademarks, Trade Secrets. panjang. Contoh: Apple. Sistem Apple tidak dapat ditiru oleh Mekanisme Isolasi: Bagaimana teknologi merk apapun dan selalu cara mempertahankan memiliki keunggulannya sendiri di keunggulan kompetitif? mata pelanggan. 1. Ekspektasi nilai sumber daya masa depan yang lebih baik 2. Ketergantungan situasi yang Rancangan yang menekankan disebabkan oleh keputusan yang kemampuan perusahaan untuk: a) terbatas di masa lalu memodifikasi dan memengaruhi 3. Ambiguitas kausal, sebab akibat dasar sumber daya, b) mendapatkan dari sebuah fenomena yang tidak dan mempertahankan keunggulan terlihat secara langsung kompetitif dalam perubahan 4. Kompleksitas sosial, situasi lingkungan. dimana perbedaan sistem sosial dan Pasar yang dinamis disebabkan bisnis berinteraksi. oleh: 5. Properti (Sumber Daya Tidak 1. Teknologi Terwujud) 2. Perubahan peraturan 3. Globalisasi The Dynamic Capabilities 4. Demografi Perspective DCP dibagi menjadi: A model that emphasizes a firm’s 1. Core Rigidity (mengubah sumber ability to: a) modify and leverage its daya dari aset ke hutang) resource base, b) gain and sustain 2. Kemampuan dinamis competitive advantage in a (mengadaptasi sumber daya dari constantly changing environment. waktu ke waktu). Dynamic markets are due to: Tujuan: 1. Technological change - Mengembangkan sumber daya, 2. Deregulation kemampuan, & kompetensi 3. Globalization - Menciptakan strategi yang tepat 4. Demographic shifts dengan lingkungan perusahaan DCP dibagi menjadi: - Berubah secara dinamis 1. Core Rigidity (Turns a resource 3. Resource Stocks from an asset to a liability) 4. Resource Flows 2. Dynamic Capabilities (Adapt resources over time) The Value Chain The goals: Internal activities a firm engages in - Develop resources, capabilities & when transforming inputs into competencies outputs through primary and - Create a strategic fit with the firm’s support activities. environment Primary: Supply Chain - Change in a dynamic fashion Management, Operations, 3. Resource Stocks (the firm’s Distribution, Marketing and Sales, current level of intangible After-sales service. resources); new product Support: Research & Development, development, engineering expertise, Information Systems, Human innovation capability, reputation for Resources, Accounting & Finance. quality. 4. Resource Flows (the firm’s level Strategy Activity Systems Must of investments to maintain or build a Evolve resource) a) External environment changes, b) Competitors develop their activity Perspektif Kemampuan systems Dinamis How activity systems are updated? 1. Add new activities 2. Remove activities that are no longer relevant 3. Upgrade activities that have become stale