Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

TVL/Industrial Arts

AUTOMOTIVE
SERVICING
Grade 12
1ST Quarter – Module 2 (Week 2)
Servicing Automotive Battery (SAB)

Most Essential Learning Competency

Demonstrate the testing of an automotive battery. (CODE: TLE_IAAUS912SAB-Ic-d-2)

Demonstrate the procedure in removing and replacing batteries.

(CODE: TLE_IAAUS912SAB-Ie-f-3)

0
 HOW DO YOU USE THIS
MODULE?
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer keycard.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what
learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
 Check your Understanding- It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.

LESSON 1 – Demonstrate the testing of an automotive battery.

EXPECTATION:
Discuss the procedure in testing battery using hydrometer.
Test Battery using hydrometer.
Analyze test result.

1
 PRE – TEST
Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the fluid inside the battery?
A. electrolyte
B. hydrometer
C. gasoline
D. plates
2. What should be remove in the battery for you to insert the
hydrometer pick up tube?
A. battery case
B. battery cells
C. battery terminals
D. vent caps
__ 3. Which part of hydrometer is squeezed to drawn electrolyte inside
the hydrometer?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb
__ 4. Which part of hydrometer is inserted in the vent holes?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb
5. Which part of hydrometer is considered as the body?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Name the following parts of an Automotive Battery
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A battery hydrometer is used to test the state of charge of a battery cell.

This is performed by measuring the density of the electrolyte, which is
accomplished by measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte. The greater the
concentration of sulfuric acid, the denser the electrolyte becomes. The higher the
density, the higher the state of charge. Specific gravity is the measurement of a
liquid that is compared to a baseline. The baseline is water which is assigned a
base number of 1.000. The concentration of sulfuric acid to water in a new golf car
battery is 1.280 which means that the electrolyte weighs 1.280 times the weight of
the same volume of water. A fully charged battery will test at 1.275 – 1.280 while a
discharged battery will read in the 1.140 range.

TOPIC: Testing Automotive battery using hydrometer

Objectives
 Discuss the procedure in testing battery using hydrometer.
 Test Battery using hydrometer.
 Analyze test result.

Testing Automotive battery using hydrometer

Procedure:
Your teacher will discuss the procedure with you with the aid of pictures and
actual battery.

1. Remove all battery vent caps.

2. Check the electrolyte level, it must be high enough to withdraw the
correct amount of solution into the hydrometer.
3. Squeeze the bulb and place the pick-up tube into the electrolyte of a cell.
4. Slowly release the bulb. Draw in enough solution until the float is freely
suspended in the barrel. Hold the hydrometer in vertical position.
5. Read the electrolyte level on eye level as shown in the figure below.
6. List the test result.
Fig.1. Drawing electrolyte from the battery Fig. 2. Checking specific gravity of electrolyte using float
hydrometer. (Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A

Activity 1

Rearrange the following procedures in testing a battery by using hydrometer.

Squeeze the bulb and place the pick-up tube into the electrolyte of a cell.
Check the electrolyte level, it must be high enough to withdraw the
correct amount of solution into the hydrometer.
Remove all battery vent caps.
List the test result.
Slowly release the bulb. Draw in enough solution until the float is freely
suspended in the barrel. Hold the hydrometer in vertical position.
Read the electrolyte level on eye level as shown in the figure below.

REMEMBER

Electrolyte is very harmful and it may burn our skin, avoid touching it or
being pour or drop in our skin. Use goggles or protective eyewear to protect our
eyes. Don’t forget to tighten vent caps after the testing procedures. List down in
a clean sheet of paper your readings in the hydrometer.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Select the correct answer to each question and write the letter on the blank
provided for.
1. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is positive?
A. It is smaller in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a blue color tag
2. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is negative?
A. It is bigger in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a red color tag
3. What are we going to do with used and old battery that we replaced with
new one?
A. Keep it and we can make it as a flower pots.
B. Threw it away together with other waste materials in our house
C. We can use it as a display in our house
D. Dispose properly at service garage, auto supply store or recycling
centers.
4. What will likely to happen if we connect battery cables opposite to its
polarity with the terminals?
A. It will damage the car’s electrical components.
B. It is ok and nothing’s going to happen with the car.
C. The vehicle will work properly
 D. The car will speed up its acceleration.

5. To disconnect the battery first .

A. remove the vent plug
B. disconnect the insulated cable from the battery
C. disconnect the ground cable from the battery
D. put the transmission in park or reverse

POST – TEST
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the fluid inside the battery?
A. electrolyte
B. hydrometer
C. gasoline
D. plates
2. What should be remove in the battery for you to insert the
hydrometer pick up tube?
A. battery case
B. battery cells
C. battery terminals
D. vent caps
__ 3. Which part of hydrometer is squeezed to drawn electrolyte inside
the hydrometer?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb
__ 4. Which part of hydrometer is inserted in the vent holes?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb
5. Which part of hydrometer is considered as the body?
A. float
B. outer tube
C. pick up tube
D. suction bulb
 LESSON 2 – REMOVE AND REPLACE BATTERY
EXPECTATION:
Remove battery without causing damage to workplace, property or vehicle.
Follow the proper procedure in replacing battery.
Select appropriate tools and equipment.
Observe personal safety in removing and replacing batteries.

PRE – TEST
Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. In disconnecting the battery, the correct tools used are_ _.
A. box wrench (12x13)
B. open wrench
C. battery pliers
D. a and c
__ 2. The tool to be used to clamp the battery is _ .
A. battery clamp puller
B. screw driver
C. pry bar
D. b and c
3. In cleaning the corrosion and foreign materials on the battery
tray you must clean with .
A. brush with soda and water
B. oil
C. gasoline
D. none of the above
__ 4. To disconnect the battery first .
A. remove the vent plug
B. disconnect the insulated cable from the battery
C. disconnect the ground cable from the battery
D. put the transmission in park or reverse
5. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is positive?
A. It is smaller in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a blue color tag
6. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is negative?
A. It is bigger in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a red color tag
7. What are we going to do with used and old battery that we replaced with
new one?
 A. Keep it and we can make it as a flower pots.
B. Threw it away together with other waste materials in our house
C. We can use it as a display in our house
D. Dispose properly at service garage, auto supply store or
recycling centers.
8. What will likely to happen if we connect battery cables opposite to
its polarity with the terminals?
A. It will damage the car’s electrical components.
B. It is ok and nothing’s going to happen with the car.
C. The vehicle will work properly
D. The car will speed up its acceleration.
9. What should we apply to the battery terminals to prevent corrosion?
A. electrolyte
B. Engine oil
C. gasoline
D. Lithium Grease

10. What does CMOS stand for?

A. complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
B. common metal–oxide–semiconductor
C. contemporary metal–oxide–semiconductor
D. complex metal–oxide–semiconductor

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Name the following

parts of a Hydrometer

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The service life of automobile battery ranges from two years to five
years depending on the type and its usage of. In replacing battery,
correct procedures must be observed to avoid damage to the electronic
components of the automobile.

TOPIC: Correct procedures in connecting and disconnecting a battery

Objectives
 Discuss the correct procedures in connecting and disconnecting a battery.
 Remove battery without causing damage to workplace, property or vehicle.
  Follow the proper procedure in replacing battery.

LEARNING CONTENT
Connect a memory holder (a 9-volt battery and adaptor) to the cigarette
lighter to keep the volatile memories alive, while the battery is disconnected from
the vehicle. Follow the manufacturer’s instruction to avoid overloading the 9-volt
battery.

Disconnect the ground cable clamp using a box wrench or battery pliers.
Loosen the clamp ball then pull the clamp from the terminal. Do not use other
pliers or an open-end wrench. If the clamp sticks, use a battery clamp puller, do
not pry the clamp off with screw driver or pry bar. This may break the cover.

Disconnect the insulated cable from the battery. Clean the terminals and
cable clamps. Loosen the hold-down clamps and remove the battery. Clean the
battery tray and hold-down clamps. If these parts are metal, clean them with stiff
brush in a solution of baking soda and water.

When installing the battery, do not reverse the terminal connections.

Reconnect the insulated cable first then the ground cable, tightening enough the
hold down clamps.

BE CAREFUL: Never install a battery in incorrect polarity. The reversed polarity

may cause high current flow which will damage the car’s electrical components.

Fig. 4 Loosen the clamp bolt using open end wrench(http://www.google.com.ph.)

PROCEDURES IN REMOVING AND REPLACING BATTERY

1. Look for sulfate build-up in the form of a whitish or blue residue around the
terminal. Removing this residue can sometimes solve issues of a faulty
battery. DO NOT TOUCH THIS POWDER WITH YOUR BARE HANDS, as it
can often contain dried sulfuric acid which could corrode your skin.

2. Buy the correct replacement battery. To do this, know the kind of battery to
be replaced, its dimensions, car make model and engine size and bring this
information to a local auto parts dealers. That is important because
 automotive batteries vary in size and electrical capacity and the replacement
battery will match the size of the battery tray and support of the vehicle.
3. Set up a secure working environment - Park the vehicle on a flat, level
surface at a safe distance from traffic sparks or open flames. Put on the
parking brake. Make sure the work area is smoke-free. Remember that
electricity is not the only danger.
4. Remove the cigarette lighter and plug the memory keeper into the lighter
socket. A complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) will keep the
PIN codes and settings for radios and navigation systems from getting erased
when you disconnect the battery. If you don't have a memory keeper make
sure you have all the PINs for your electronic equipment before you start.

5. Hood and use the prop rod to keep it open. Most of the latest model cars
have hoods that hold themselves up.

6. Locate the battery. The battery should be located in an accessible part on

either side of the car's frame. The battery is a rectangular box with two
cables attached to it.

7. Identify battery terminals. Locate the positive and the negative terminals of
the old car battery. The positive terminal will have a plus sign, appears
bigger in size and has a red color tag while the negative terminal will have a
minus sign, appears smaller in size and has blue, green or black color tags.
8. Disconnect the negative terminal. Loosen the negative cable clamp with a
wrench (Usually 8mm or 10mm) and slide it off of the terminal. If the cables
are unmarked, label them so that they don't get mixed up (otherwise you
may ruin your car's electric system later on). It is also important that you
disconnect the negative terminal socket before the positive terminal socket.
Otherwise, you may short circuit the positive terminal to a grounded part of
the car.
9. Disconnect the positive terminal.
10. Remove the car battery by unfastening the battery holder and remove any
screws, clamps or bars holding the battery in place.
11. Clean the terminal clamps and the battery tray. You can use a baking soda
solution and a wire brush. If there's any severe corrosion, consider
replacement by a mechanic.
12. Replace the battery - Place the new battery where you just took the old
battery out, with the positive and negative terminals on the correct sides.
Connect all the screws, clamps or bars that may hold the battery in place.

13. Reconnect the positive terminal - Tighten the clamps using a wrench.

14. Reconnect the negative terminal - Tighten the clamp with the wrench.

15. Apply battery lithium grease - Spray the terminals with lithium grease to
prevent corrosion.
 16. Close the hood - Shut the hood of your car firmly and start your car. Check
that all the electronic devices are working properly.

17. Dispose of the used battery at service garages, auto supply stores, and
recycling centers. There may be a small fee for the service, but throwing the
battery away as normal garbage is not an option.

Activity 1
Give at least three (3) ways to determine the polarity of the terminals of the battery.

POSITIVE TERMINAL NEGATIVE TERMINAL

1 1
2 2
3 3

REMEMBER
Connect a memory holder (a 9-volt battery and adaptor) to the cigarette
lighter to keep the volatile memories alive, while the battery is disconnected from
the vehicle. Disconnect the ground cable clamp first before disconnecting the
positive clamps of the battery.
When installing the battery, do not reverse the terminal connections.
Reconnect the insulated cable first then the ground cable, tightening enough the
hold down clamps. Never install a battery in incorrect polarity. The reversed
polarity may cause high current flow which will damage the car’s electrical
components.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Select the correct answer to each question and write the letter on the blank
provided for.
1. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is positive?
A. It is smaller in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a blue color tag
2. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is negative?
A. It is bigger in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a red color tag
3. What are we going to do with used and old battery that we replaced with
new one?
A. Keep it and we can make it as a flower pots.
B. Threw it away together with other waste materials in our house
C. We can use it as a display in our house
D. Dispose properly at service garage, auto supply store or
recycling centers.
 4. What will likely to happen if we connect battery cables opposite to its
polarity with the terminals?
A. It will damage the car’s electrical components.
B. It is ok and nothing’s going to happen with the car.
C. The vehicle will work properly
D. The car will speed up its acceleration.
5. To disconnect the battery first .
A. remove the vent plug
B. disconnect the insulated cable from the battery
C. disconnect the ground cable from the battery
D. put the transmission in park or reverse

POST – TEST
Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

__ 1. In disconnecting the battery, the correct tools used are_ _.

A. box wrench (12x13)
B. open wrench
C. battery pliers
D. a and c
__ 2. The tool to be used to clamp the battery is _ .
A. battery clamp puller
B. screw driver
C. pry bar
D. b and c
__ 3. In cleaning the corrosion and foreign materials on the battery tray you
must clean with__ _.
A. brush with soda and water
B. oil
C. gasoline
D. none of the above
__ 4. To disconnect the battery first .
A. remove the vent plug
B. disconnect the insulated cable from the battery
C. disconnect the ground cable from the battery
D. put the transmission in park or reverse
5. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is positive?
A. It is smaller in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a blue color tag
6. How are you going to determine if one of the terminal is negative?
A. It is bigger in size
B. It has a plus (+) sign
 C. It has a minus (-) sign
D. It has a red color tag
7. What are we going to do with used and old battery that we replaced with
new one?
A. Keep it and we can make it as a flower pots.
B. Threw it away together with other waste materials in our house
C. We can use it as a display in our house
D. Dispose properly at service garage, auto supply store or
recycling centers.
8. What will likely to happen if we connect battery cables opposite to its
polarity with the terminals?
A. It will damage the car’s electrical components.
B. It is ok and nothing’s going to happen with the car.
C. The vehicle will work properly
D. The car will speed up its acceleration.
9. What should we apply to the battery terminals to prevent corrosion?
A. electrolyte
B. Engine oil
C. gasoline
D. Lithium Grease
10. What does CMOS stand for?
A. complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
B. common metal–oxide–semiconductor
C. contemporary metal–oxide–semiconductor
D. complex metal–oxide–semiconductor
Key to Correct
Lesson 1
Key to Correct
Pre-test and Post Test
1. A.
2. D.
3. D.
4. C
5. B

Pre-test and Post test

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. A

REFERENCE:
 STVEP CBLM Second Year Automotive Servicing NCI
 https://deepcyclebatterystore.com/use-battery-hydrometer/
 https://www.upsbatterycenter.com/blog/test-battery/
Acknowledgements Writer: Luisito S. Terrago,
Editor: Ariel D. Tosio EPS
Reviewer: Roberto Daquil HT-VI, Sabas Baccay HT-VI, Willy Llagas III Management Team: M