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4SC&FP - Family Planning 2

The document discusses various methods of family planning, both natural and artificial. It describes fertility indicators and different natural family planning methods like the basal body temperature method, mucus method, and lactational amenorrhea method. It also outlines various hormonal, barrier, and permanent contraceptive options.

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Eva Bian Ca
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31 views39 pages

4SC&FP - Family Planning 2

The document discusses various methods of family planning, both natural and artificial. It describes fertility indicators and different natural family planning methods like the basal body temperature method, mucus method, and lactational amenorrhea method. It also outlines various hormonal, barrier, and permanent contraceptive options.

Uploaded by

Eva Bian Ca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Refers to the a program that

enables couples and


individuals to decide freely
and responsibly the number
and spacing of their children
• To have information and
access to a full range of safe,
affordable, effective, non-
abortifacient, modern
methods of planning
pregnancy.
Human Fertility
Egg Cell
Sperm Cell
Female Reproductive System
Male Fertility
• Ability to impregnate
woman
• Signaled by his first
ejaculation during
sleep known as
nocturnal emission or
wet dreams.
• Is fertile everyday
• The sperm can last up
to 5 days inside the From Puberty to death
woman
FEMALE FERTILITY
Fertile- ability to become pregnant
Signaled by the menarche.
Fertile only on certain days of menstrual cycle and can become
pregnant
• Menstruation and Menstrual Cycle
are part of being a woman
• A cyclic process of the reproductive
system that happens to every
woman who reached puberty
• Starts from 1st day woman’s
menstrual cycle until the day she
begins her next menstrual cycle.
• The cycle involves the release of
mature ovum from ovaries.
Length of Menstrual Cycle
• Varies for each woman
• Some, the cycle is short as 21 or
fewer, others as long as 35 days
or more
• Average : 28 days
• Irregular periods are common in
girls who just begins to
menstruate. The body take a
while to adjust to all changes
taking place.
Menstrual Phase
 start the first day of menses
 bleeding comes from the
shedding of the lining of the
uterus
 Includes all days of menstrual
bleeding, 4-6 days
Pre-ovulatory phase
 bleeding stopped
 egg cell begin to develop
 Lining of the uterus starts to
thickens
 Mucus forms a plug
 Dry feeling
 infertile phase
Ovulatory Phase
 Mature egg is release
 Uterine lining continue to
thickens
 Mucus plug is gone
 Mucus becomes watery, stretchy,
slippery and clear
Post-ovulatory Phase
- No egg is present
- Lining of the uterus thickens
- Mucus forms a plug again to
prevent entry of sperm
- Dry feeling
- Absolute infertile phase
Fertilization
– Union of sperm and egg cell
– Every person 1st Baby picture
– - union of the sperm and mature
ova in the outer portion of the FT.
Fertility Indicators
1. Change in cervical mucus
2. Change in woman’s body
temperature at rest.
3. Full breast
4. “moodiness” and heaviness at
pelvic area felt
Natural
Family
Planning
What is Natural Family Planning Methods?
• Educational process of
determining the fertile and
infertile periods of a woman:
a) observing and recording the
naturally occurring signs and
symptoms of fertility
b) lovemaking can be timed
c) achieve or avoid pregnancy
d) utilizes principles involved in
human fertility awareness
Advantages of NFP
• Can be used either to avoid
or achieved pregnancy
• No health related side effects
associated
• Very little or no cost
• self awareness and
knowledge of human
reproduction
• Enhances self-discipline,
mutual respect, cooperation,
communication and shared
responsibility of the couple.
Basal Body Temperature
• Based on woman’s resting body
temp. which is lower before
ovulation and rises to higher level
around ovulation
• Infertile days begin from the 4th day
of the high temp. reading to the last
day of the cycle
• All days from the 1st day of mens.
up to the third high temp. reading
are considered fertile days
• Effectiveness: 1 pregnancy/100 in
the 1st year of use
Mucus Method
• Based on daily observation of what
she sees and feels at the vaginal
area throughout the day
• Cervical mucus change indicates
whether days are fertile or infertile
• Effectiveness: 3 pregnancies/100 in
1st year of use.
Symptothermal Method
• Combined technology of BBT and
MM with other signs
a) Breast enlargement
b) Unilateral lower abdominal pain
Which indicate that woman is fertile
or not.

Effecetiveness: 2 pregnancies/100
Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
• Use of exclusive BF as a temporary FP
method
• 3 criteria for LAM
– Lactational means Exclusive breastfeeding
– Amenorrheas means not having menstrual
bleediing after giving birth
– Method is used when her baby is less than 6
mos.
Effectiveness: LAM is effective w/in the first 6
mos. After the woman delivers. Reported failure
rate of 2 pregnancies/100 women
Standard Days Method
• SDM make use of colored cycle
beads
• No counting, no charting, no
calculations.
• Beads are use to track fertile
and infertile days
• Can be use with woman whose
cycle is regular.
• 95% effectiveness
Artificial Family
Planning
Methods
A. Hormonal Method
Injectables
• Combined Injectable Contraceptive • Progestin-Only Injectable
(CIC) (POI)
 Given every 3 mos  Given every 3 mos
 99.7 % effectiveness  For lactating woman
 99.7 % effectiveness
Pills Progestin-Only Pills (POP)
 For Breastfeeding woman
Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC)
 Should be taken once daily
• Should be taken once daily even if even if client is not having
client is not having sex daily sex daily
• 28 pack including placebo tablets
should be taken continuously
• No rest period is required.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

• Inserted into a woman's uterine cavity


to prevent pregnancy
• 10-12 years effective

• UTERUS
– Interfere with the sperm to pass through
the uterine cavity
• FALLOPIAN TUBES
– Interfere with the reproductive process
before ova reach the uterine cavity
SUBDERMAL IMPLANT
• Inserted under the upper arm
of a womens skin through a
preloaded applicator under
local anesthesia.
• 3 years of effectivity
• Effectiveness: 99.9%
BARRIER METHOD - Male Condoms
• Prevent sperm from gaining
access to the female
reproductive tract
• Prevent microorganisms (STDs)
fro passing from one partner to
another
PERMANENT
METHOD
Vasectomy
• Permanent method for men in which
the vas deference is tied and cut or
blocked through a small opening on
the srotal skin.
• 3 mos. After procedure, sperm is
absent in the seminal fluid as result of
the blocking of VD hence no
fertilization can occur.
BILATERAL TUBAL LIGATION
(BTL) • Safe and simple surgical procedure
that provides permanent
contraception
• Involves cutting or blocking of the two
Fallopian tube.
• Effectiveness: 99.5%
Thank you 

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