Pembahasan Soal Day 4

1. To Infinitive vs gerund
 Gerund dan Infinitive memiliki kesamaan, yaitu keduanya adalah bentuk verbal yang
di dalam sebuah kalimat bisa berfungsi sebagai sebuah noun (kata benda)
 Gerund (Verb + -ing) : kata benda
 E.g: Dancing makes me happy (noun)
I love dancing (noun)
I got those muscular calves from dancing (objek preposisi)
 To inf (to+ verb)
She decided to get married at 23 (Dia memutuskan untuk menikah di usia 23)
To wait for an answer seemed like a waste of time.

 Ada beberapa kata kerja khusus yang hanya bisa diikuti oleh gerund.

Gerund To infinitve Gerund+ inf

admit (mengakui) agree (menyetujui) begin (mulai)
anticipate (mengantisipasi) appear (tampak) can’t stand (tidak tahan)
avoid (menghindari, mengelak) attempt (berusaha) continue (melanjutkan)
can’t help (tidak bisa choose (memilih) dislike (tidak suka)
menghindari) claim (mengklaim, dread (takut)
complete (menyelesaikan, menyatakan) hate (benci)
melengkapi) demand (menuntut) like (suka)
consider (mempertimbangkan) expect (mengharap) love (cinta)
delay (menunda) fail (gagal, lalai) prefer (lebih suka)
deny (menyangkal, hesitate (ragu-ragu) start (mulai)
mengingkari) hope (berharap) 
imagine (membayangkan) intend (berniat, bermaksud)
mind (keberatan) learn (belajar)
miss (merindukan) offer (menawarkan)
postpone (menunda) plan (merencanakan)
practice (berlatih) prepare (bersiap-siap)
recall (mengingat) pretend (berpura-pura)
regret (menyesali) promise (berjanji)
report (melaporkan) refuse (menolak)
resent (menyesali) seem (tampak, terlihat)
resist (melawan, menentang, tend (cenderung)
menolak) wish (berharap)
resume (memulai lagi) would like (ingin, mau)
suggest (menyarankan) decide
enjoy try
finish need
quit mean
 go want
 infinitive tanpa
imbuhan “to”; antara lain:
1. help (membantu)
Can you help me wash the
dishes?
2. let (membiarkan)
Please let her go
3. make (membuat,
menjadikan)
Cute babies always make
me smile 


2. Active & Passive voice

Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Simple Present

Tense

1. Active Voiced (S + V1 + …..)

Passive Voiced (S + to be + V3 +
by…. )

The papers are made by people from

People make paper from trees
trees

A strawberry cake is made by Umi

Umi makes a strawberry cake
today

Rina writes a short story A short story is written by Rina

Rian writes three articless  Three articles is written by Rian

2. Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Tense

Kalimat Pasif 
Kalimat Aktif 
Passive Voiced (S + was/were +
Active Voiced ( S + V2 + … )
V3 + by ….)

Revan kicked the ball The ball was kicked by Revan

 Roni ate the meet ball The meet ball was eaten by Roni

Dini broke the phone The phone was broken by Dini

3.
Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Perfect Tense

Contoh Kalimat Aktif Contoh Kalimat Pasif 

Active Voiced (S + Has/Have + Passive Voiced (S + has/have +
V3 + …. been + V3 …)

She has rejected the call The call has been rejected by her

She has rejected me. But I’am still in I have been rejected by her. But
love i’am still in love

The window has been closed by

I have closed the window
me

The noodle has been cooked by

She has cooked the noodle
her

4. Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past continues

Active Voiced (S + was/were + Ving Passive Voiced (S + was/were +

…) being + V3 + by …)

The window was being cleaned by

She was cleaning the window
her

I was sweeping the floor when Rini The floor was being swept by me
came when Rini came

 Dini was driving the car  The car was being driven by Dini

The guitar was being played by

Dimas was playing the guitar
Dimas

They were watching movie The movie was being watched by

 them

5. Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Present

Continuous Tense 

Active Voiced (S + am/is/are + Ving Passive Voiced (S + am/is/are +

+ ….) being + V3 + by ….)

I am watching TV TV is being watched by me

She is cutting the grass The grass is being cut by her

Rita is calling by Riki Riki is being called by Rita

Rini is closing the door The door is being closed by Rini

The movie is being watched by

Ririn and Rika are watching movie
Rini and Rika

The guitar is being played by

Rahmat is playing the guitar
Rahmat

3. Common words ending

The Function of a Suffix
Noun Suffixes Adjective Verb Suffixes Adverb Suffixes
Suffixes

   -ed  -ly
-eer -able, -ible Meaning: past- Meaning: in
Meaning: engaged Meaning: capable tense version of a what
in something, of being verb manner
Examples: something
associated with Examples:
laughed, climbed, is being
something preventable, called, missed done
Examples: adaptable,  -en Examples:
auctioneer, predictable, Meaning: become bravely,
volunteer, credible Examples: soften, simply,
engineer, profiteer  -al fasten, lengthen, honestly,
 -er Meaning: strengthen gladly
 -er  -ward
Meaning: pertaining to Meaning: action Meaning: in
someone who Examples: or process, a certain
performs an action theatrical, natural, making an direction
Examples: helper, criminal, seasonal adjective Examples:
comparative backward,
teacher, preacher,  -ant
Examples: faster, wayward,
dancer Meaning: inclined bigger, fuller, awkward,
 -ion to or tending to longer afterward
Meaning: the Examples:  -ing  -wise
action or process vigilant, defiant, Meaning: verb Meaning:
of brilliant, reliant form/present in relation
Examples:  -ary participle of an to
celebration, Meaning: of or action Examples:
opinion, decision, relating to Examples:
clockwise,
revision Examples: laughing,
swimming, edgewise,
 -ity budgetary, lengthwise,
driving, writing
Meaning: the state planetary, otherwise
 -ize, -ise
or condition of military, honorary Meaning: to cause
Examples:  -ful or to become 
probability, Meaning: full of Examples:
equality, or notable of memorialize,
abnormality, Examples: authorize,
civility grateful, commercialize,
 -ment beautiful, advertise
Meaning: the wonderful,
action or result of fanciful
Examples:  -ic
movement, Meaning: relating
retirement, to
abandonment, Examples: iconic,
establishment organic, heroic,
 -ness poetic
Meaning: a state  -ious, -ous
or quality Meaning: having
Examples: qualities of
fondness, Examples:
awareness, gracious,
kindness, darkness cautious,
 -or humorous,
Meaning: a person fabulous
who is something  -ive
Examples: Meaning: quality
distributor, or nature of
investigator, Examples:
translator, creative,
conductor expensive,
 -sion expressive,
 Meaning: state or pensive
being  -less
Examples: Meaning: without
depression, something
confusion, Examples:
tension, hopeless,
compulsion faultless, fearless,
 -ship restless
Meaning: position
held  -y
Examples: Meaning: made
worship, up of or
ownership, characterized by
courtship, Examples: brainy,
internship fruity, tasty,
grouchy
 -th
Meaning: state or
quality
Examples:
strength,
labyrinth, depth,
warmth

4. V3 verb/ v3 adj/v2 (Konteks makna)

V3 verb: the car has washed by me
V3 adj: the car washed every morning is mine
V2: I washed my car yesterday