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Hank Aaron
Henry Louis Aaron (February 5, 1934 – January 22, 2021),
nicknamed "Hammer" or "Hammerin' Hank", was an Hank Aaron
American professional baseball right fielder who played 23
seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1954 through
1976. He spent 21 seasons with the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves in
the National League (NL) and two seasons with the Milwaukee
Brewers in the American League (AL).

Aaron is regarded as one of the greatest baseball players of all

time. His 755 career home runs broke the long-standing MLB
record set by Babe Ruth and stood as the most for 33 years;
Aaron still holds many other MLB batting records. He hit 24 or
more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one
of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at
least fifteen times.[1] In 1999, The Sporting News ranked Aaron
fifth on its list of the "100 Greatest Baseball Players".[2] In 1982,
he was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in his Aaron with the Atlanta Braves in 1974
first year of eligibility. Right fielder

Aaron was born and raised in and around Mobile, Alabama. Born: Henry Louis Aaron
Aaron had seven siblings, including Tommie Aaron, who played February 5, 1934
major-league baseball with him. He appeared briefly in the Mobile, Alabama
Negro American League and in minor league baseball before Died: January 22, 2021 (aged 86)
starting his major league career.[3] By his final MLB season,
Atlanta, Georgia
Aaron was the last Negro league baseball player on a major
league roster. Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
Aaron played the vast majority of his MLB games in right field,
though he appeared at several other infield and outfield April 13, 1954, for the Milwaukee Braves
positions. In his last two seasons, he was primarily a designated Last MLB appearance
hitter.[4] Aaron was an NL All-Star for 20 seasons and an AL
October 3, 1976, for the Milwaukee
All-Star for one season, and he holds the record for the most All-
Brewers
Star selections (25),[a] while sharing the record for most All-Star
Games played (24) with Willie Mays and Stan Musial. He was a MLB statistics
three-time Gold Glove winner, and in 1957, he won the NL Most Batting average .305
Valuable Player (MVP) Award when the Milwaukee Braves won
the World Series. Aaron holds the MLB records for the most Hits 3,771
career runs batted in (RBIs) (2,297), extra base hits (1,477), and Home runs 755
total bases (6,856). Aaron is also in the top five for career hits
Runs batted in 2,297
(3,771) and runs (2,174). He is one of only four players to have at
least 17 seasons with 150 or more hits.[5] Aaron is in second Teams
place in home runs (755) and at-bats (12,364), and in third place Negro leagues
in games played (3,298). At the time of his retirement, Aaron
held most of the game's key career power hitting records. Indianapolis Clowns (1952)

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After his retirement, Aaron held front office roles with the Major League Baseball
Atlanta Braves, including senior vice president. In 1988, Aaron
was inducted into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame.[6] In Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves (1954–
1999, MLB introduced the Hank Aaron Award to recognize the 1974)
top offensive players in each league. He was awarded the Milwaukee Brewers (1975–1976)
Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002. He was named a 2010
Georgia Trustee by the Georgia Historical Society in recognition Career highlights and awards
of accomplishments that reflect the ideals of Georgia's founders.
Aaron resided near Atlanta until his death.[7] 25× All-Star (1955–1975)
World Series champion (1957)
NL MVP (1957)
Contents 3× Gold Glove Award (1958–1960)

Early life 2× NL batting champion (1956, 1959)

4× NL home run leader (1957, 1963,
Negro league and minor league career
1966, 1967)
MLB career
4× NL RBI leader (1957, 1960, 1963,
Prime of his career
1966)
Home run milestones and 3,000th hit
Breaking Ruth's record Atlanta Braves No. 44 retired
Return to Milwaukee Milwaukee Brewers No. 44 retired

Post-playing career Braves Hall of Fame

Personal life and death American Family Field Walk of Fame

Major League Baseball All-Century
Awards and honors
Team
See also
Notes MLB records
Footnotes
2,297 career runs batted in
References
6,856 career total bases
External links
1,477 career extra-base hits
25 career all-star appearances
Early life Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama, to Herbert Aaron Sr. and
Estella (Pritchett) Aaron.[8][9][10] He had seven siblings.[8] Induction 1982
Tommie Aaron, one of his brothers, also went on to play Major Vote 97.8% (first ballot)
League Baseball. By the time Aaron retired, he and his brother
held the record for most career home runs by a pair of siblings (768). They were also the first siblings to
appear in a League Championship Series as teammates.[11]

While he was born in a section of Mobile referred to as "Down the Bay", he spent most of his youth in
Toulminville. Aaron grew up in a poor family.[8] His family could not afford baseball equipment, so he
practiced by hitting bottle caps with sticks. He would create his own bats and balls out of materials he
found on the streets.[12] His boyhood idol was baseball star Jackie Robinson.[13] Aaron attended Central
High School[b] as a freshman and a sophomore. Like most high schools, they did not have organized
baseball, so he played outfield and third base for the Mobile Black Bears, a semipro team.[16] Aaron was
a member of the Boy Scouts of America.
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Although he batted cross-handed (as a right-handed hitter, with his left hand above his right), Aaron
established himself as a power hitter. As a result, in 1949, at the age of 15, Aaron had his first tryout with
an MLB franchise, the Brooklyn Dodgers; however, he did not make the team.[17][18] After this, Aaron
returned to school to finish his secondary education, attending the Josephine Allen Institute, a private
high school in Alabama. He also attended Central High School in Mobile, AL. During his junior year,
Aaron first joined the Prichard Athletics, an independent Negro league team,[19] followed by the Mobile
Black Bears, another independent Negro league team.[8] While on the Bears, Aaron earned $3 per game
($100 today), which was a dollar more than he got while on the Athletics.[18]

Negro league and minor league career

On November 20, 1951, baseball scout Ed Scott signed Aaron to a contract on behalf of the Indianapolis
Clowns of the Negro American League, where he played for three months.[20][21]

He started play as a 6 ft (180 cm), 180 lb (82 kg) shortstop,[22] and earned $200 per month.[23] As a
result of his standout play with the Indianapolis Clowns, Aaron received two offers from MLB teams via
telegram, one from the New York Giants and the other from the Boston Braves. Years later, Aaron
remembered:

I had the Giants' contract in my hand. But the Braves offered fifty dollars a month more.
That's the only thing that kept Willie Mays and me from being teammates – fifty dollars.[24]

While with the Clowns he experienced racism. Of a time his team was in Washington, D.C. Aaron
recalled

We had breakfast while we were waiting for the rain to stop, and I can still envision sitting
with the Clowns in a restaurant behind Griffith Stadium and hearing them break all the plates
in the kitchen after we finished eating. What a horrible sound. Even as a kid, the irony of it
hit me: here we were in the capital in the land of freedom and equality, and they had to
destroy the plates that had touched the forks that had been in the mouths of black men. If
dogs had eaten off those plates, they'd have washed them.[25]

The Howe Sports Bureau credits Aaron with a .366 batting average in 26 official Negro league games,
with five home runs, 33 runs batted in (RBIs), 41 hits, and nine stolen bases.[26]

The Braves purchased Aaron's contract from the Clowns for $10,000,[27] which GM John Quinn thought
was a steal, as he stated that he felt that Aaron was a $100,000 property.[23] On June 12, 1952, Aaron
signed with Braves' scout Dewey Griggs.[23] During this time, he picked up the nickname "pork chops"
because it "was the only thing I knew to order off the menu".[28] A teammate later said, "the man ate
pork chops three meals a day, two for breakfast".[29]

The Braves assigned Aaron to the Eau Claire Bears, the Braves' Northern League Class-C farm team.[8]
The 1952 season proved to be very beneficial for Aaron. Playing in the infield, Aaron continued to
develop as a ballplayer and made the Northern League's All-Star team.[8] He broke his habit of hitting
cross-handed and adopted the standard hitting technique. By the end of the season, he had performed so
well that the league made him the unanimous choice for Rookie of the Year.[17][8] Although he appeared

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in just 87 games, he scored 89 runs, had 116 hits, nine home runs, and 61 RBIs.[8] In addition, Aaron hit
for a .336 batting average.[8] During his minor league experience, he was very homesick and faced
constant racism, but his brother, Herbert Jr., told him not to give up the opportunity.[30]

In 1953, the Braves promoted him to the Jacksonville Braves, their Class-A affiliate in the South Atlantic
League.[8] Helped by Aaron's performance, the Braves won the league championship that year. Aaron led
the league in runs (115), hits (208), doubles (36), RBIs (125), total bases (338), and batting average
(.362).[8] He won the league's Most Valuable Player Award,[8][16] and had such a dominant year that one
sportswriter was prompted to say, "Henry Aaron led the league in everything except hotel
accommodations."[31] Aaron's time with the Braves did not come without problems. He was one of the
first African Americans to play in the league.[32] The 1950s were a period of racial segregation in parts of
the United States, especially the southeastern portion of the country. When Aaron traveled around
Jacksonville, Florida, and the surrounding areas, he was often separated from his team because of Jim
Crow laws. In most circumstances, the team was responsible for arranging housing and meals for its
players, but Aaron often had to make his own arrangements.[33] The Braves' manager, Ben Geraghty,
tried his best to help Aaron on and off the field. Former Braves minor league player and sportswriter Pat
Jordan said, "Aaron gave [Geraghty] much of the credit for his own swift rise to stardom."[34]

That same year, Aaron met his future wife, Barbara Lucas. The night they met, Lucas decided to attend
the Braves' game. Aaron singled, doubled, and hit a home run in the game. On October 6, Aaron and
Lucas married.[35] In 1958, Aaron's wife noted that during the offseason he liked "to sit and watch those
shooting westerns". He also enjoyed cooking and fishing.[35]

Aaron spent the winter of 1953 playing in Puerto Rico. Mickey Owen, the team's manager, helped Aaron
with his batting stance. Until then, Aaron had hit most pitches to left field or center field, but after
working with Owen, Aaron was able to hit the ball more effectively all over the field.[17] During his stay in
Puerto Rico, Owen also helped Aaron transition from second base to the outfield. Aaron had not played
well at second base, but Owen noted that Aaron could catch fly balls and throw them well from the
outfield to the infield.[36]

The stint in Puerto Rico also allowed Aaron to avoid being drafted into military service. Though the
Korean War was over, people were still being drafted. The Braves were able to speak to the draft board,
making the case that Aaron could be the player to integrate the Southern Association the following
season with the Atlanta Crackers. The board appears to have been convinced, as Aaron was not
drafted.[36]

MLB career
In 1954, Aaron attended spring training with the major league club. Although he was on the roster of its
farm club, Milwaukee manager Charley Grimm later stated, "From the start, he did so well I knew we
were going to have to carry him."[23] On March 13, 1954, Milwaukee Braves left fielder Bobby Thomson
fractured his ankle while sliding into second base during a spring training game. The next day, Aaron
made his first spring training start for the Braves' major league team, playing in left field and hitting a
home run.[16] This led Hank Aaron to a major league contract, signed on the final day of spring training,
and a Braves uniform with the number five.[37] On April 13, Aaron made his major league debut and was
hitless in five at-bats against the Cincinnati Reds' left-hander Joe Nuxhall.[38] In the same game, Eddie
Mathews hit two home runs, the first of a record 863 home runs the pair would hit as teammates. On
April 15, Aaron collected his first major league hit, a double off Cardinals' pitcher Vic Raschi.[39] Aaron
hit his first major league home run on April 23, also off Raschi.[8] Over the next 122 games, Aaron batted
.280 with 13 homers before he suffered a fractured ankle on September 5. He then changed his number
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to 44, which would turn out to look like a "lucky number" for the slugger. Aaron would hit 44 home runs
in four different seasons,[40] and he hit his record-breaking 715th career home run off Dodgers pitcher Al
Downing, who coincidentally also wore number 44.[41]

At this point, Aaron was known to family and friends primarily as "Henry". Braves' public relations
director Don Davidson, observing Aaron's quiet, reserved nature, began referring to him publicly as
"Hank" in order to suggest more accessibility. The nickname quickly gained currency, but "Henry"
continued to be cited frequently in the media, both sometimes appearing in the same article, and Aaron
would answer to either one. During his rookie year, his other well-known nicknames, "Hammerin' Hank"
(by teammates) and "Bad Henry" (by opposing pitchers) are reported to have arisen.[42]

Considerably later in his career, Aaron coined "Stone-fingers", which would prove a popular handle for
one of baseball's more colorful characters, the famously distance-hitting but defensively challenged first
baseman Dick Stuart,[43] reportedly "delight[ing]" even its recipient.[44]

Sal Maglie recommended throwing low curveballs to Aaron. "He's going to swing and he'll go after
almost any thing," Maglie said of the Braves' slugger. "And he'll hit almost any thing, so you have to be
careful."[45]

Prime of his career

Aaron hit .314 with 27 home runs and 106 RBIs, in 1955. He was named to
the NL All-Star roster for the first time; it was the first of a record 21 All-
Star selections and first of a record 25 All-Star Game appearances.[46][47] In
1956, Aaron hit .328 and captured the first of two NL batting titles. He was
also named The Sporting News NL Player of the Year. In 1957, Aaron won
his only NL MVP Award,[8] as he had his first brush with the triple
crown.[48] He batted .322, placing third, and led the league in home runs
and runs batted in.[8] On September 23, 1957 in Milwaukee, Aaron hit a
two-run walk-off home run against the St. Louis Cardinals, clinching the
pennant for the Braves. After touching home plate he was carried off the
field by his teammates. It was the only pennant-clinching walk-off home
run in major league history in a non-playoff regular season game.
Milwaukee went on to win the World Series against the New York Yankees,
Aaron with the Milwaukee
the defending champions, 4 games to 3.[8] Aaron did his part by hitting
Braves in 1960
.393 with three homers and seven RBIs. On December 15, 1957, his wife
Barbara gave birth to twins.[35] Two days later, one of the children died.[35]
In 1958, Aaron hit .326, with 30 home runs and 95 RBIs. He led the Braves to another pennant, but this
time they lost a seven-game World Series to the Yankees. Aaron finished third in the MVP race and he
received his first of three Gold Glove Awards. During the next several years, Aaron had some of his best
games and best seasons as a major league player. On June 21, 1959, against the San Francisco Giants, he
hit three two-run home runs. It was the only time in his career that he hit three home runs in a game.[49]

In 1963, Aaron nearly won the triple crown. He led the league with 44 home runs and 130 RBIs and
finished third in batting average.[c] In that season, Aaron became the third player to steal 30 bases and
hit 30 home runs in a single season. Despite that, he again finished third in the MVP voting. The Braves
moved from Milwaukee to Atlanta after the 1965 season. On May 10, 1967, he hit an inside-the-park
home run against Jim Bunning in Philadelphia. It was his only inside-the-park home run of his
career.[50] In 1968, Aaron was the first Atlanta Braves player to hit his 500th career home run, and in
1970, he was the first Atlanta Brave to reach 3,000 career hits.[51]
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Home run milestones and 3,000th hit

During his days in Atlanta, Aaron reached several milestones; he

was only the eighth player ever to hit 500 career home runs, with his
500th coming against Mike McCormick of the San Francisco Giants
on July 14, 1968 — exactly one year after former Milwaukee Braves
teammate Eddie Mathews had hit his 500th.[52] Aaron was, at the
time, the second-youngest player to reach the milestone.[d] On July
31, 1969, Aaron hit his 537th home run, passing Mickey Mantle's
total; this moved Aaron into third place on the career home run list,
after Willie Mays and Babe Ruth. At the end of the 1969 season,
Aaron again finished third in the MVP voting.[53]

In 1970, Aaron reached two more career milestones. On May 17,

Aaron collected his 3,000th hit, in a game against the Cincinnati
Reds, the team against which he played in his first major-league
Away jersey worn by Aaron during game.[54] Aaron established the record for most seasons with thirty
the 1968 or 1969 MLB season.
or more home runs in the National League. On April 27, 1971, Aaron
hit his 600th career home run, the third major league player ever to
do so. On July 13, Aaron hit a home run in the All-Star Game (played
at Detroit's Tiger Stadium) for the first time. He hit his 40th home run of the season against the Giants'
Jerry Johnson on August 10, which established a National League record for most seasons with 40 or
more home runs (seven). At age 37, he hit a career-high 47 home runs during the season (along with a
career-high .669 slugging percentage) and finished third in MVP voting for the sixth time. During the
strike-shortened season of 1972, Aaron tied and then surpassed Willie Mays for second place on the
career home run list. Aaron also drove in the 2,000th run of his career and hit a home run in the first
All-Star game played in Atlanta.[55] As the year came to a close, Aaron broke Stan Musial's major-league
record for total bases (6,134).[56], a record he was the most proud of, more than his home run record
since it reflected his overall performance as a team player.[57] Aaron finished the season with 673 career
home runs.[58]

Breaking Ruth's record

Aaron himself downplayed the "chase" to surpass Babe Ruth, while baseball enthusiasts and the national
media grew increasingly excited as he closed in on the 714 career home runs record. Aaron received
thousands of letters every week during the summer of 1973, including hate mail; the Braves ended up
hiring a secretary to help him sort through it.[59]

Aaron (then age 39) hit 40 home runs in 392 at-bats, ending the 1973 season one home run short of the
record. He hit home run number 713 on September 29, 1973, and with one day remaining in the season,
many expected him to tie the record. But in his final game that year, playing against the Houston Astros
(managed by Leo Durocher, who had once roomed with Babe Ruth), he was unable to achieve this. After
the game, Aaron said his only fear was that he might not live to see the 1974 season.[60]

He was the recipient of death threats and a large assortment of hate mail during the 1973–1974 offseason
from people who did not want to see Aaron break Ruth's nearly sacrosanct home run record.[61] The
threats extended to those providing positive press coverage of Aaron. Lewis Grizzard, then executive
sports editor of the Atlanta Journal, reported receiving numerous phone calls calling journalists "nigger
lovers" for covering Aaron's chase. While preparing the massive coverage of the home run record, he
quietly had an obituary written, afraid that Aaron might be murdered.[62]
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Sports Illustrated pointedly summarized the racist vitriol that Aaron was
forced to endure:

Is this to be the year in which Aaron, at the age of thirty-nine,

takes a moon walk above one of the most hallowed individual
records in American sport ...? Or will it be remembered as the
season in which Aaron, the most dignified of athletes, was
besieged with hate mail and trapped by the cobwebs and goblins
that lurk in baseball's attic?[63]

At the end of the 1973 season, Aaron received a plaque from the US Postal
Service for receiving more mail (930,000 pieces) than any person excluding
politicians.[25] Aaron received an outpouring of public support in response The Braves' jersey Hank
to the bigotry. Newspaper cartoonist Charles Schulz created a series of Aaron wore when he broke
Peanuts strips printed in August 1973 in which Snoopy attempts to break Babe Ruth's career home
the Ruth record, only to be besieged with hate mail. Lucy says in the August run record in 1974
11 strip, "Hank Aaron is a great player ... but you! If you break Babe Ruth's
record, it'll be a disgrace!" Coincidentally, Snoopy was only one home run
short of tying the record (and finished the season as such when Charlie Brown got picked off during
Snoopy's last at-bat), and as it turned out, Aaron finished the 1973 season one home run short of
Ruth.[64] Babe Ruth's widow, Claire Hodgson, denounced the racism and declared that her husband
would have enthusiastically cheered Aaron's attempt at the record.[65] As the 1974 season began, Aaron's
pursuit of the record caused a small controversy. The Braves opened the season on the road in Cincinnati
with a three-game series against the Cincinnati Reds. Braves management wanted him to break the
record in Atlanta, and were therefore going to have Aaron sit out the first three games of the season. But
Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn ruled that he had to play two games in the first series. He played
two out of three, tying Babe Ruth's record, April 4, 1974, in his very first at bat—on his first swing of the
season—off Reds pitcher Jack Billingham, but did not hit another home run in the series.[66]

The Braves returned to Atlanta, and on April 8, 1974, a crowd of 53,775

people showed up for the game — a Braves attendance record. The game
was also broadcast nationally on NBC. In the fourth inning, Aaron hit home
run number 715 off Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Al Downing.[8] Although
Dodgers outfielder Bill Buckner nearly went over the outfield fence trying to
catch it, the ball flew into the Braves' bullpen, where relief pitcher Tom
House caught it. While cannons were fired in celebration, two college
students [67] sprinted onto the field and jogged alongside Aaron for part of
his circuit around the bases, temporarily startling him. A young Craig Sager
actually interviewed Aaron between third and home for a television station,
WXLT (now WWSB-Channel 40) in Sarasota.[68] As the fans cheered
wildly, Aaron's parents ran onto the field as well. Braves announcer Milo
Hamilton, calling the game on WSB radio, described the scene as Aaron
The fence at Atlanta–Fulton
broke the record:
County Stadium over which
Hank Aaron hit his 715th
"Henry Aaron, in the second inning walked and scored. He's career home run still exists.
sittin' on 714. Here's the pitch by Downing. Swinging. There's a
drive into left-center field. That ball is gonna be-eee ... Outta
here! It's gone! It's 715! There's a new home run champion of all

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time, and it's Henry Aaron! The fireworks are going. Henry
Aaron is coming around third. His teammates are at home plate.
And listen to this crowd!"[69]

Meanwhile, Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully addressed the racial tension—or apparent lack thereof—in
his call of the home run:

"What a marvelous moment for baseball; what a marvelous moment for Atlanta and the state
of Georgia; what a marvelous moment for the country and the world. A black man is getting a
standing ovation in the Deep South for breaking a record of an all-time baseball idol. And it is
a great moment for all of us, and particularly for Henry Aaron ... And for the first time in a
long time, that poker face in Aaron shows the tremendous strain and relief of what it must
have been like to live with for the past several months."[70]

Return to Milwaukee

On October 2, 1974, Aaron hit his 733rd home run in his last at bat as a Braves player.[71] Aaron
commented after the game that it was his last time as a player in Atlanta as his contract had expired.
While he considered retirement, he said that he was willing to return to baseball for another year.[72] He
had also said that he would be interested in serving as a team’s general manager, someone who would
make decisions and not a “house boy”.[73] The Braves offered Aaron a position with the team when he
retired, but the role would be more in public relations, rather than one where he could evaluate
talent.[74]

At the end of the season, Aaron, who had a prior relationship with Brewers owner Bud Selig, requested a
trade to Milwaukee.[75] He was acquired by the Milwaukee Brewers for Dave May thirty-one days later
on November 2.[76] Minor league right-handed pitcher Roger Alexander was sent to the Braves to
complete the transaction at the Winter Meetings one month later on December 2.[77] The trade re-united
Aaron with former teammate Del Crandall, who was now managing the Brewers. He signed a two-year
contract with the Brewers for $240,000 per year.[74] Playing in the American League would allow Aaron
to serve as a Designated hitter rather than play in the field.

On May 1, 1975, Aaron broke baseball's all-time RBI record, previously held by Ruth with 2,213. That
year, he also played in his last and 24th All-Star Game (25th All-Star Game selection[47]); he lined out to
Dave Concepción as a pinch-hitter in the second inning. This All-Star Game, like the first one he played
in 1955, was before a home crowd at Milwaukee County Stadium.[78]

Aaron hit his 755th and final home run on July 20, 1976, at Milwaukee County Stadium off Dick Drago of
the California Angels, which stood as the MLB career home run record until it was broken in 2007 by
Barry Bonds.[79][80] Over the course of his record-breaking 23-year career, Aaron had a batting average
of .305 with 163 hits a season, while averaging just over 32 home runs and 99 RBIs a year. He had 100+
RBIs in a season 15 times, including a record of 13 in a row.[48]

Post-playing career

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After the 1976 season, Aaron rejoined the Braves as an executive.[22] On

August 1, 1982, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, having
received votes on 97.8 percent of the ballots, second only to Ty Cobb, who
had received votes on 98.2% of the ballot in the inaugural 1936 Hall of
Fame election.[81] Aaron was then named the Braves' vice president and
director of player development. This made him one of the first minorities in
Major League Baseball upper-level management.[31]

In December 1980, Aaron became senior vice president and assistant to the
Braves' president.[31] He was the corporate vice president of community
relations for TBS, a member of the company's board of directors and the
vice president of business development for The Airport Network.[31] On
January 21, 2007, Major League Baseball announced the sale of the Atlanta
Hank Aaron's Hall of Fame
Braves. In that announcement, Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig also
plaque at the Baseball Hall
announced that Aaron would be playing a major role in the management of
of Fame in Cooperstown,
New York
the Braves, forming programs through major league baseball that will
encourage the influx of minorities into baseball.[82] Aaron founded the
Hank Aaron Rookie League program.[83]

Aaron's autobiography, I Had a Hammer was published in 1990. The

book's title is a play on his nickname, "The Hammer" or "Hammerin'
Hank", and the title of the folk song "If I Had a Hammer". Aaron owned
Hank Aaron BMW of south Atlanta in Union City, Georgia, where he
included an autographed baseball with every car sold.[84] Aaron also owned
Mini, Land Rover, Toyota, Hyundai and Honda dealerships throughout
Georgia, as part of the Hank Aaron Automotive Group. Aaron sold all but
the Toyota dealership in McDonough in 2007. Additionally, Aaron owned a
chain of 30 restaurants around the country.

During the 2006 season, San Francisco Giants slugger Barry Bonds passed
Babe Ruth and moved into second place on the all-time home run list,
attracting growing media coverage as he drew closer to Aaron's record.
Playing off the intense interest in their perceived rivalry, Aaron and Bonds Hank Aaron during his
made a television commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLI, shortly August 5, 1978 visit to the
before the start of the 2007 baseball season, in which Aaron jokingly tried White House.
to persuade Bonds to retire before breaking the record. [85] As Bonds began
to close in on the record during the 2007 season, Aaron let it be known that,
although he recognized Bonds' achievements, he would not be present when Bonds broke the record.[86]
There was considerable speculation that this was a snubbing of Bonds based on the widespread belief
that Bonds had used performance-enhancing drugs and steroids to aid his achievement. However, some
observers looked back on Aaron's personal history, pointing out that he had downplayed his own
breaking of Babe Ruth's all-time record and suggesting Aaron was simply treating Bonds in a similar
fashion. In a later interview with Atlanta sportscasting personality Chris Dimino, Aaron made it clear his
reluctance to attend any celebration of a new home run record was based upon his personal conviction
that baseball is not about breaking records, but simply playing to the best of one's potential.[86] After
Bonds hit his record-breaking 756th home run on August 7, 2007, Aaron made a surprise appearance on
the JumboTron video screen at AT&T Park in San Francisco to congratulate Bonds on his
accomplishment:

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I would like to offer my congratulations to Barry Bonds on becoming baseball's career home
run leader. It is a great accomplishment which required skill, longevity, and determination.
Throughout the past century, the home run has held a special place in baseball and I have
been privileged to hold this record for 33 of those years. I move over now and offer my best
wishes to Barry and his family on this historical achievement. My hope today, as it was on
that April evening in 1974, is that the achievement of this record will inspire others to chase
their own dreams.[87]

Personal life and death

Aaron's first marriage was to Barbara Lucas in 1953. They had five
children: Gary, Lary, Dorinda, Gaie and Hank Jr. He divorced
Barbara in 1971, and married Billye Suber Williams on November 13,
1973. With his second wife, he had one child, Ceci.[88]

Aaron was Catholic, having converted in 1959 with his family. He

and his wife first became interested in the faith after the birth of
their first child, whom they baptized immediately.[89] A friendship
with a Catholic priest later helped lead to Hank and his wife's
conversion. Aaron was known to frequently read Thomas à Kempis'
Aaron with his second wife, Billye
15th-century book The Imitation of Christ, which he kept in his
locker.[90]

Aaron was a long-time fan of the Cleveland Browns, having attended many games in disguise in their
"Dawg Pound" seating section.[91]

Aaron lived in the Atlanta area.[92] In July 2013, media reported that his home was burglarized. Jewelry
and two BMW vehicles were stolen. The cars were later recovered.[92]

Aaron suffered from arthritis and had a partial hip replacement after a fall in 2014.

Aaron publicly received a COVID-19 vaccination on January 5, 2021 at the Morehouse School of
Medicine at Atlanta, Gerogia. He and several other African American public figures, including activist
Joe Beasley (84), Andrew Young (88), a former U.S. Congressman for Georgia, Ambassador for the
United Nations and the 55th mayor of Atlanta, and Louis Sullivan (87) a former Secretary of the U.S.
Health and Human Services Secretary, did so to demonstrate the safety of the vaccine and encourage
other Black Americans to do the same.[93][94]

Aaron died in his sleep on January 22, 2021, two weeks shy of his 87th birthday, in Atlanta.[95][96][97][98]

Awards and honors

In 1982, Aaron was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame during his first year of eligibility.[99]

Aaron was awarded the Spingarn Medal in 1976, from the

NAACP.[100] In 1977, Aaron received the American Academy of
Achievement's Golden Plate Award.[101] In 1988, Aaron was inducted
into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame for his time spent on the
Eau Claire Bears, Milwaukee Braves, and Milwaukee Brewers.[6] Hank Aaron's
number 44
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In 1999, MLB created the Hank Aaron Award, to commemorate the was retired by Hank Aaron's
25th anniversary of Aaron's surpassing of Babe Ruth's career home the Milwaukee number 44
Brewers in was retired by
run mark of 714 home runs and to honor Aaron's contributions to 1976. the Atlanta
baseball.[102] The award is given annually to the baseball hitters Braves in
voted the most effective in each respective league. That same year, 1977.
baseball fans named Aaron to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. [103] In
2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Aaron on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[104]

When the city of Atlanta was converting Centennial Olympic Stadium into a new baseball stadium, many
local residents hoped the stadium would be named for Aaron. When the stadium was instead named
Turner Field (after Atlanta Braves owner Ted Turner), a section of Capitol Avenue running past the
stadium was renamed Hank Aaron Drive. The stadium's street number is 755, after Aaron's total number
of home runs; the 755 street number was retained for Turner Field's replacement, Truist Park. In April
1997, a new baseball facility for the AA Mobile Bay Bears constructed in Aaron's hometown of Mobile,
Alabama was named Hank Aaron Stadium.[105] Georgia State University acquired Turner Field, since
rebuilt as Center Parc Stadium, in 2017, and university officials plan to build a new baseball park on the
former Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium site, incorporating the left field wall where Aaron hit his record-
breaking home run.[106]

On February 5, 1999, at his 65th birthday celebration, Major League Baseball announced the
introduction of the Hank Aaron Award.[107] The award honors the best overall offensive performer in the
American and National League. It was the first major award to be introduced in more than thirty years
and had the distinction of being the first award named after a player who was still alive.[108] Later that
year, he ranked fifth on The Sporting News ' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players,[109] and was
elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.[110]

In July 2000 and again in July 2002, Aaron threw out the ceremonial first pitch at the Major League
Baseball All-Star Game, played at Turner Field and Miller Park, respectively.[111]

On January 8, 2001, Aaron was presented with the Presidential

Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton.[112] He received the
Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor,
from President George W. Bush in June 2002.[113] In 2001, a
recreational trail in Milwaukee connecting Miller Park with Lake
Michigan along the Menomonee River was dedicated as the "Hank
Aaron State Trail". Aaron attended the dedication. Aaron was on the
Board of Selectors of Jefferson Awards for Public Service.[114]

In 2002, Aaron was honored with the "Lombardi Award of Aaron accepting the Presidential
Excellence" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation. The Medal of Freedom from US
award was created to honor Vince Lombardi's legacy, and is awarded President George W. Bush in 2002
annually to an individual who exemplifies the spirit of the coach.[115]

Aaron dedicated the new exhibit "Hank Aaron-Chasing the Dream" at the Baseball Hall of Fame on April
25, 2009.[116] Statues of Aaron stand outside the front entrance of both Turner Field and Miller Park.
There is also a statue of him as an 18-year-old shortstop outside Carson Park in Eau Claire, Wisconsin,
where he played his first season in the Braves' minor league system.[117]

He was named a 2010 Georgia Trustee by the Georgia Historical Society, in conjunction with the
Governor of Georgia, to recognize accomplishments and community service that reflect the ideals of the
founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.[118]

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In 2011, President of Princeton University Shirley M. Tilghman awarded an honorary Doctor of

Humanities degree to Aaron.[119][120]

In November 2015, Aaron was one of the five inaugural recipients of the Portrait of a Nation Prize, an
award granted by the National Portrait Gallery in recognition of "exemplary achievements in the fields of
civil rights, business, entertainment, science, and sports."[121][122]

In January 2016, Aaron received the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette from Akihito, the
Emperor of Japan.[123]

The Elite Development Invitational, a youth baseball tournament organized by the Major League
Baseball and the MLB Players Association to increase diversity in the sport, was renamed the Hank
Aaron Invitational for the 2019 season.[124]

See also
3,000 hit club
500 home run club
Aaron Monument
Hank Aaron Stadium
"A Leela of Her Own"
List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball batting champions
List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
List of Major League Baseball doubles records
List of Major League Baseball home run records
List of Major League Baseball individual streaks
List of Major League Baseball runs batted in records
Major League Baseball titles leaders
Ruth-Aaron pairs

Notes
a. MLB held two All-Star Games from 1959 through 1962
b. Now the Dunbar Creative and Performing Arts Magnet School, 500 St. Anthony St., Mobile. In 1955
Central High School and Dunbar Jr. High School switched locations; Central High closed in 1970
following desegregation.[14][15]
c. His average was .319, .007 behind the leader, Tommy Davis.
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1/25/2021 Hank Aaron - Wikipedia

d. Aaron was 34 years, five months and nine days old. Jimmie Foxx was the youngest to reach the
mark at the time. Since then, Alex Rodriguez has become the youngest to reach this mark.

Footnotes
1. Baseball-Reference.com 2013
2. The Sporting News 1999
3. Johnson, Bill 2013
4. Baseball-Reference.com Mobile
5. Baseball-Reference.com 2013a
6. Wisconsin Sports Development Corporation 2013
7. Anon 2013
8. Bily 2002, pp. 1–3
9. Porter 2000, p. 1
10. Porter, David L. (January 22, 2000). "Biographical Dictionary of American Sports: A-F" (https://books.
google.ca/books?id=AUFUw01sIWYC&pg=PA1&dq=Herbert+Aaron+and+Estelle+(Pritchett)+Aaron
&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_gqTN8K_uAhUTSTABHaPcAXIQ6AEwAHoECAQQAQ). Greenwood
Publishing Group – via Google Books.
11. Bryant 2010
12. Nemec 1994, p. 222
13. "Jackie Robinson Aaron's boyhood idol" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=1974
0401&id=jfNOAAAAIBAJ&pg=4106,282900&hl=en). Toledo Blade. April 1, 1974. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20160311103226/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19740401
&id=jfNOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FgIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4106,282900&hl=en) from the original on March 11,
2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
14. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=111386
15. https://www.mcpss.com/ourschools#lightbox
16. Allen & Gilbert 1999, p. 2
17. Johnson, Steve 2013
18. Bryant 2010, p. 33
19. Negro Southern League Museum Research Center. "Negro League Player Register" (http://www.neg
rosouthernleaguemuseumresearchcenter.org/Portals/0/Birmingham%20Player%20Profiles/A-B.pdf)
(PDF). p. 1. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
20. Anon 2013a
21. "Stealing Home" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055600/http://www.pitch.com/kansascity/ste
aling-home/Content?oid=2176530). Archived from the original (https://www.pitch.com/kansascity/ste
aling-home/Content?oid=2176530) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
22. Hoiberg 2010, p. 5
23. Candee 1958, p. 3
24. Honig 2000, p. 290
25. Schwarz & Thorn 2004, p. 819
26. Vascellaro 2005, p. 20
27. Bryant 2010, p. 43
28. Associated Press 1999
29. Pollock 2006, p. 228
30. Spencer 2002, p. 27
31. Schwartz 1999
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32. Bryant 2010, p. 50

33. Monestime 2011
34. Jordan 2005, p. 196
35. Candee 1958, p. 4
36. Vascellaro 2005, pp. 47–48
37. Bryant 2010, p. 80
38. Allen & Gilbert 1999, p. 4
39. 755homeruns.com 2009
40. Bryant 2010, p. 541
41. Young 2013
42. Musick 1974, p. 66
43. Kaese 1963
44. Nunn 1963
45. Maglie 1957
46. Baseball-Reference.com 2013b
47. Donnelly 2012: "Although teams were picked, there was no game in 1945 due to World War II, and
there were two games a year from 1959 to 1962. During those five years, all players who were
named to the AL or NL roster were credited with one appearance per season."
48. Wolpin 1990, p. 1
49. Stanton 2005, p. 142
50. "This date in Braves history: Hank Aaron's only inside-the-park homer" (https://www.ajc.com/sports/b
aseball/this-date-braves-history-hank-aaron-only-inside-the-park-homer/mqOXgoa9PWyCJth5R6SF
0M/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180511081822/https://www.ajc.com/sports/baseball/th
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the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
51. Yuhasz 2005
52. Retrosheet 2012
53. "1969 Awards Voting" (https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1969.shtml). Baseball-
Reference.com.
54. Stanton 2005, p. 202
55. "27 Jul 1972, Page 23 – The Philadelphia Inquirer at" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/1803689
61/?terms=%22hank%20aaron%22%20all%20star%20game&match=1). Newspapers.com. July 27,
1972. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
56. "3 Sep 1972, 71 – Honolulu Star-Bulletin at" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/271356777/?terms
=%22hank%20aaron%22%206134%20total%20bases&match=1). Newspapers.com. September 3,
1972. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
57. Aaron, Henry; Wheeler, Lonnie (2014). I Had a Hammer (2 ed.). Harper-Collins. p. 202. |access-
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58. "3 Nov 1972, 38 – Honolulu Star-Bulletin at" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/271362962/?terms
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59. Stanton 2005, p. 62
60. Stanton 2005, p. 179
61. Stanton 2005, p. 64
62. Grizzard 1990, pp. 239–240
63. Leggett 1973, p. 29
64. Schulz 2009, p. 95
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65. Stanton 2005, p. 25

66. Minter 2002
67. Poling 2010
68. Hiestand 2013
69. Justice 2014
70. Anon 2010
71. Anon 2014
72. "Aaron Hits Horner With Final Swing" (https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/03/archives/aaronhits-home
r-with-final-swing.html). New York Times. October 4, 1974.
73. "Aaron Gets Reception, Mets Get Trounced, 8‐1" (https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/18/archives/aar
on-gets-reception-mets-get-trounced-81-mets-bow-to-braves-aaron.html). New York Times. June 18,
1974.
74. Bryant, Howard (2011). The Last Hero: A Life of Henry Aaron (https://books.google.com/books?id=IE
vANLoUCVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=).
75. "Aaron Signs 2-year pact" (https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/15/archives/aaron-signs-2year-pact.ht
ml). New York Times. November 15, 1974.
76. Coffey
77. Durso 1974
78. Lynch, Mike. "July 15, 1975: In Milwaukee, NL wins fourth straight All-Star Game" (https://sabr.org/ga
mesproj/game/july-15-1975-in-milwaukee-nl-wins-fourth-straight-all-star-game). SABR.org. Retrieved
January 22, 2021.
79. Crowe 2007
80. Curry 2007
81. Braunstein & Wolpin 2006
82. Blum 2007
83. Robinson, Jr. 1999, p. 1
84. Burnett 2013
85. Anon 2013b
86. Gimbel 2007
87. Bloom, Barry M.; Haft, Chris (August 8, 2007). "Aaron congratulates Bonds via video" (http://mlb.mlb.
com/content/printer_friendly/mlb/y2007/m08/d08/c2136645.jsp). MLB.com. Retrieved January 22,
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88. "Hank Aaron Fast Facts" (https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/30/us/hank-aaron-fast-facts/index.html).
CNN. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190423032301/https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/30/us/h
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89. "The Catholic Northwest Progress" (https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=CATHNWP19
590508.2.149&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------). washingtondigitalnewspapers.org. May 8, 1959.
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90. "Famous Religious Conversions Hank Aaron" (https://www.trivia-library.com/b/famous-religious-conv
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91. Pokorny 2017
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94. "Baseball legend Hank Aaron got virus vaccine earlier in January" (https://www.wkrg.com/honoring-h
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96. Tribune, EMEA. "Baseball legend Hank Aaron has died at the age of 86" (https://emeatribune.uk/bas
eball-legend-hank-aaron-has-died-at-86/). Latest Breaking News From US, Europe & World.
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97. Kephart, Tim (January 22, 2021). "Hall of Famer Henry "Hank" Aaron dies at 86" (https://www.cbs46.
com/news/hall-of-famer-henry-hank-aaron-dies-at-86/article_71a37148-5cc4-11eb-9cdf-1bbe85006d
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98. CNN, David Close, Wayne Sterling and Ray Sanchez. "Hank Aaron, baseball legend and former
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20. "Aaron receives honorary degree from Princeton" (https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=661121

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nk-aaron). npg.si.edu. National Portrait Gallery. November 9, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
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23. Associated Press 2016
24. Associated Press 2018

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External links
Hank Aaron (https://baseballhall.org/hof/aaron-hank) at the Baseball Hall of Fame
Career statistics and player information from MLB (https://www.mlb.com/player/110001), or ESPN (ht
tps://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/17499), or Baseball-Reference (https://www.baseball-refere
nce.com/players/a/aaronha01.shtml), or Fangraphs (https://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid

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1/25/2021 Hank Aaron - Wikipedia

=1000001), or Baseball-Reference (Minors) (https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?i

d=aaron-001hen), or Retrosheet (https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/A/Paaroh101.htm)
Play-by-Play Audio of Aaron's 715th Home Run (https://archive.org/details/HankAaron-715thHomeR
un-ThreeDifferentCalls) from Archive.org
"Hank Aaron collected news and commentary" (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/p
eople/a/hank_aaron/index.html). The New York Times.
Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/person/?hankaaron) on C-SPAN
Hank Aaron (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0007459/) on IMDb

Achievements
Preceded by Career home run record holders Succeeded by
Babe Ruth 1974–2007 Barry Bonds

Awards
Major League Baseball Player of the
Preceded by Succeeded by
Month
Willie Mays Roy Face
May 1959 (with Harvey Haddix)
Roberto Clemente Jim Ray Hart
June 1967

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