Kane Automotive

Gas Analyser
Manual for models;
Auto 2-2; 4-2 & 5-2;
Auto 4-1 & 5-1
Description

The Kane Automotive range of emission analysers covering the models Auto 2-2, 4-2,
5-2, 4-1 & 5-1 has been designed to be used on petrol, LPG or CNG powered engines*. All
models measure carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), with Oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) added to four-gas models and nitric oxide (NO) included in five-gas
variants. All four-gas analysers have an upgrade facility for Nitric Oxide (NO).

Using the measured parameters CO, HC, O2 and CO2, additional parameters such as Lambda, Air
to Fuel ratio and corrected carbon monoxide (COK) can also be calculated and displayed.

All measured and calculated parameters can be printed on the optional infrared printer or saved to
the analyser’s memory.

Each analyser is supplied with an RS232 output enabling communication between the analyser
and a PC. Using the optional auto software kit, live emission data can be displayed, saved directly
to the PC or printed to produce high quality test reports. Data stored in the analyser can also be
uploaded, diagnosed graphically and/or converted into spreadsheets for service records.

From October 2002, all models are equipped to measure oil temperature and engine speed in
revolutions per minute (RPM).

Both the Auto 4-1 and Auto 5-1 analysers carry a declaration of conformity to OIML R99, Edition
1998 (E), Class 1.

All models are battery powered to give true portability in the workshop environment. The battery
can be charged via a mains adapter or 12V cable supplied.

* For diesel applications, HC measured in the exhaust gas is indicated in ppm (parts per million)
n-hexane.
 CONTENTS

Page No:
1. ANALYSER LAYOUT AND FEATURES ....................................................................1

1.1 Instrument features and keypad .................................................................1

1.2 Instrument layout (Rear) ............................................................................2
1.3 Standard Probe Configuration....................................................................3

2. SAFETY WARNING ......................................................................................................4

3. FIRST TIME USE ...........................................................................................................4

4. NORMAL START UP SEQUENCE...............................................................................5

4.1 Every Time You Use The Analyser ...........................................................5

4.2 Automatic Zero Calibration .......................................................................5
4.3 Main Display Parameters ...........................................................................7
4.3.1 Line Scroll Mode .............................................................................7
4.3.2 4 Page Mode ....................................................................................8
4.3.3 8 Page Mode ....................................................................................9
4.4 Sampling the Exhaust Gas .......................................................................10
4.5 Turning the Pump ON/OFF .....................................................................10
4.6 Taking an oil temperature reading (certain analysers only).....................11
4.7 Reading the engine speed (RPM) (certain analysers only) ......................11
4.8 Regular Checks During Sampling............................................................11
4.8.1 Low Flow .......................................................................................12
4.9 Normal Shutdown Sequence....................................................................12

5. MOVING THROUGH THE MENUS...........................................................................13

5.1 Basic Operation.......................................................................................13

5.2 Menu Options and Settings .....................................................................14
5.2.1 Main Menu...................................................................................14
5.2.2 Select Menu..................................................................................14
5.2.3 Units Menu...................................................................................15
5.2.4 Display Menu...............................................................................16
5.2.5 Set-Up Menu ................................................................................17

6. PRINTING INFORMATION – OPTIONAL EXTRA ONLY .....................................18

6.1 Printing a ‘Live’ Test ..............................................................................18

6.2 Standard Printout.....................................................................................18
7. STORING AND RETRIEVING DATA .......................................................................19

7.1 Storing a ‘Live’ Test ...............................................................................19

7.2 Viewing and Printing a ‘Stored’ Test .....................................................19
7.3 Deleting Data ..........................................................................................21
7.4 Auto Store ...............................................................................................22

8. MAINTENANCE ..........................................................................................................23

8.1 Emptying and Cleaning the in-line water trap .........................................23

8.2 Changing the particle filter ......................................................................23

9. PROBLEM SOLVING ..................................................................................................24

10. ZERO CHECKS AND RE-CALIBRATION ..............................................................25

10.1 Zero setting ...........................................................................................25

10.2 HC residue check (certain analysers only).............................................26
10.3 Leak Check ............................................................................................27
10.4 Gas Calibration Verification ..................................................................29
10.4.1 Calibration Gas Values ..............................................................29
10.4.2 Calibration Check ......................................................................30
10.4.3 User Re-calibration....................................................................31
10.4.4 Printed Calibration Report.........................................................33
10.4.5 Reset Instrument Calibration .....................................................34

11. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION ..................................................................................35

APPENDICES

A. Main Display Parameters .............................................................................................37

B. LAMBDA Calculation .................................................................................................39
C. Procedure for changing Oxygen fuel cell.....................................................................40
D. Electromagnetic Compatability (CE) Statement..........................................................41
 1. ANALYSER LAYOUT AND FEATURES

1.1 Instrument Features and Keypad

Infra-red signal to printer

NO sensor
(standard on
Auto 5-1 and
Auto 5-2 only)
Gas Connection
to Instrument
Battery
Charger or
12 Volt
Adapter
External Particle
Filter

In-line Water
Trap (keep
clear of water
at all times)

Water Level
Limit

ON/OFF UP
Scrolls up through options, ie Fuel
MENU
Allows access to all menu functions DOWN
Scrolls down through options

PUMP STORE
Turns pump on and off Enters data storage menu

ENTER PRINT
Accepts a command, i.e. enters a menu Prints current data
option
 1.2 Instrument Layout (Rear)

Exhaust Port

Certain Designation: CERTAIN ANALYSERS

Analysers Pattern Approval: SIRA 304/0078

Flow Rate: Minimum 2 l/min
Charger Socket
Only Gas values:
Normal 2.5 l/min
HC: 10,000 ppm, CO: 20%
(Maximum) O2: 25%, CO2: 20%
Power supply: Internal lead acid battery.
6 volts DC.
(Only use charger supplied)
Fuel cell: Electrochemical: City AO2
Manufactured: 2000
NOTE! - Cover
Does Not Remove
VEHICLE EXHAUST GAS ANALYSER
!
Refer to Operators Instructions before use.
Se reporter au Manuel d'Instructions avant utilisation.
Vor Gebrauch Bedienungsanleitung beachten.
Ver Instrucciones de Operacion antes de utilizar.
Consultaire il Manuale di Istruzioni prima dell'uso.
REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS:-
IR EMITTER

KANE INTERNATIONAL LTD.

Swallowfields,
Welwyn Garden City,
Herts. AL7 1JG.
Tele: +44 (0) 1707 375550
Fax: +44 (0) 1707 393 277
Made in the UK.
Serial Number
1.3 Standard Probe Configuration

Caution: Probe may be

hot when removing from
exhaust.
Probe Inlet
Water Trap
Connection

Flexible Insertion
Probe (Standard
350mm Insertion Length

6mm Petrol Hose)

Flexible
Hose Line

Stainless
Steel Shaft

Exhaust Securing
Clamp

Probe Seal

Note: A variety of probes are available, including high temperature probes

necessary for on-road / rolling road vehicle testing when the temperature of
the emission gases increase. Please request further details from your
distributor or contact Kane International Ltd directly.
2. SAFETY WARNING

This analyser extracts combustion gases that may be toxic in relatively low
concentrations. These gases are exhausted from the top of the instrument. This
instrument must only be used in well ventilated locations. It must only be used by
trained and competent persons after due consideration of all the potential hazards.

Protection Against Electric Shock (in accordance with EN 61010-1 :

1993)

This instrument is designated as Class III equipment and should only be connected to
SELV circuits. The battery charger is designated as:

Class II equipment
Installation category II
Pollution degree 2
Indoor use only
Altitude to 2000m
Ambient temperature 0°C-40°C
Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31°C decreasing linearly to
50%RH at 40°C
Mains supply fluctuations not to exceed 10% of the nominal voltage.

3. FIRST TIME USE

Charge the battery for 12 hours, following this an overnight charge should be
sufficient for an average 8 hour day (turning pump off to save power between tests).
See Main Parameter displays for Battery Indicator.

The analyser has a rechargeable lead acid battery, use only the mains charger or 12
volt adapter supplied or damage may occur to the instrument and battery.

Check that you have all the items you have ordered.
Take time to read this manual fully.
When using the analyser for the first time you will need to choose from:-

Language selection
Time
Printed header name and telephone number

The SET UP MENU (Section 5.2.) gives details of how to change the above settings.
4. NORMAL START UP SEQUENCE

4.1 Every Time You Use The Analyser

BEFORE SWITCH-ON CHECK THAT:

the particle filter is dry and not dirty or damaged

the water trap and probe line are empty of water

all hose connections, etc, are properly made

the probe is sampling CLEAN AMBIENT air

the water trap is correctly fitted and the instrument upright

the oil temperature probe is connected if required (Certain analysers)

* DO NOT RUN ANALYSER WITHOUT WATER TRAP FITTED *

Switch ON the instrument by pressing

4.2 Automatic Zero Calibration

During this sequence the analyser pumps fresh air into the sensors to allow them to
zero and the oxygen sensor to be set to 20.9 %.

After switch-on the analyser will briefly display header information:

KANE AUTOMOTIVE

And then show the initialising screen:

INITIALISING
Time : 75
FRESH AIR PURGE

The time will count down in seconds to zero and is pre-set by the instrument. During
countdown the instrument will check flow rate and initialise the measuring system, do
not block the end of the probe or insert into or near the vehicle exhaust.
Once the initialisation time has reached zero an audible beep will be heard and the
option to perform a leak test will be given. The following screen will be displayed:-

LEAK CHECK ?
YES

PRESS ENTER

Press to select YES and perform a leak test or use and enter NO to skip.

If YES is selected the following screen will be displayed :-

LEAK CHECK
REMOVE EXHAUST PROBE
FIT PROBE SEAL
THEN PRESS ENTER

Fit the probe seal as detailed in Section 10.3 and press

Once the test has PASSED remove the probe seal and press

If the test fails see Section 10.3.

Once the leak test is completed the instrument will zero the CO, HC and CO2 sensors
and set oxygen to 20.9%. Keep the instrument and exhaust probe sampling fresh air.

The instrument will take approximately 75 seconds to set the zero.

ZERO CAL
Time : 75
FRESH AIR PURGE

If the readings are outside the allowable zero range as detailed in section 10 it is
advisable to perform a manual zero also detailed in section 5.2.2.

A HC residue check may also be requested. See Section 10.2.

The next screen is the MAIN DISPLAY of the analyser:-

CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol . . 0000
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
O2 % vol . . . 20.90
Use to change the display.

CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol . . 0000
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
LAMBDA . . . . . 0.000

All parameters are detailed in Appendix A - MAIN DISPLAY PARAMETERS.

4.3 Main Displays

The main display can be changed to show either 4 or 8 parameters at one time. Two
options are available when 4 parameters are selected.

• Line scroll mode allows you to customise the display to show the data you require.
• 4 Page Mode displays 4 lines of data in set format, each page is predefined.
• 8 Page Mode displays 8 parameters on 4 lines in set format, the bottom two can be
changed.

Changing between the different modes is detailed in Display Menu Section 5.2.4.

TIP! To increase battery life do not leave the backlight on.

4.3.1 Line Scroll Mode

Line scroll mode allows you to customise the bottom line of the display. This is the
default mode following analyser turn on.

Use the key to change the bottom line of the display.

Change bottom line using CO % vol . . . 00.00

HC ppm vol . . 0000
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
LAMBDA . . . . . 0.000
4.3.2 4 Page Mode

Use the key to change the information that is displayed on the screen. The
following pages are available, depending on model the sequence of displayed
parameters may differ from those in the examples which follow.

PETROL
DATE . . . 07-08-96
TIME . . . 12:31:35
BATTERY % . . 54

CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol . . 0000
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
O2 % vol . . . 20.90

LAMBDA . . . . . 0.000
NO ppm NOT FITTED
TIME TO ZERO . . 10
OIL deg C . . . . 50

RPM . . . . . 0000
CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol . . 0000
O2 % vol . . . 20.90
4.3.3 8 Page Mode

Displays 8 parameters on the screen at one time. Symbols used in this mode are
different to those used in 4 page and line scroll modes and are detailed in Appendix A
- MAIN DISPLAY PARAMETERS.

CO :00.00 O2 :20.90
HCh :0000 CO2 :00.0
λ :0.000 NO :0000
23-02-00 13:45:22

The bottom line of the display can be changed to display other parameters.

Use the keys to CO :00.00 O2 :20.90

change this line. HCh :0000 CO2 :00.0
λ :00.00 NO : 0000
Tz :30 BAT :50

CO :00.00 O2 :20.90
HCh :0000 CO2 :00.0
λ :0.000 NO :0000
FUEL: PETROL
4.4 Sampling the Exhaust Gas

Once the zero calibration and test procedures have been completed and the fuel has
been selected (See SELECT menu) the probe can be inserted into the desired vehicle
exhaust.

Ensure the probe is inserted into the exhaust pipe so as to not allow air into the probe.
The exhaust of a car can pulse, especially at low RPM, drawing air in causing bad
readings, ensure the flexible probe is fully inserted and the clip attached to the exhaust
pipe.

Vehicle
Exhaust

Ensure Clamp is Fixed

to Vehicle Exhaust

4.5 Turning the pump ON/OFF

The analyser is fitted with a pump to draw gas from the vehicle exhaust. To conserve
battery power, switch off the pump when you are not taking a measurement. Gas
values may drift slightly when the pump is turned off but should return to zero when
the pump is turned on again. Manually zero the analyser if it does not return to zero.

Use the key to turn ON and OFF the pump.

CERTAIN ANALYSERS ONLY

The analyser will block readings while the pump is off and display ‘----‘ on all gas
channels. It will also display PUMP OFF every 30 seconds.
 PUMP OFF
HC ppm vol . . - - - -
CO2 % vol . . . - - - -
O2 % vol . . . ----

It is recommended that the analyser samples fresh air for 60 seconds before the pump
is turned off.

4.6 Taking an oil temperature reading (Certain analysers only)

Connect the oil temperature probe to the instrument and check it reads ambient
temperature. Turn off the vehicle engine. Remove the oil dip stick from the engine
and set the depth of the probe to that of the dip stick using the stop. Insert the probe
into the engine.

The oil temperature will be displayed :-

LAMBDA . . . . . 0.000
NO ppm NOT FITTED
TIME TO ZERO . . 10
OIL deg C . . . . 50

4.7 Reading the engine speed (RPM) (Certain analysers only)

Connect the induction pickup to one of the spark plug leads ensuring the side
indicated by ‘SPARK PLUG SIDE’ points to the spark plug. Connect the pickup to
the instrument ensuring correct polarity, “+” to red and “-“ to black. Set 4 cycle/2
cycle or DIS as detailed in section 5.2.2.
RPM . . . . . 1000
CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol . . 0000
O2 % vol . . . 20.90

Note: If the pickup is positioned close to other leads false readings may occur. For
some types of ignition system (eg DIS) the probe may need to be fitted “reversed” to
produce readings.

4.8 Regular Checks During Sampling

Care must be taken at all times not to exceed the analysers operating specifications, in
particular ensure the following :-

• DO NOT PLACE THE INSTRUMENT IN THE ENGINE BAY.

• The analyser is not exposed to temperatures outside its normal operating range.
• DO NOT PLACE THE INSTRUMENT ON A HOT SURFACE.
• Liquid in the water trap does not go over the level indicator. Note! The indicator
only works while the trap is vertical. Water condenses in the probe line and can
quickly fill the water trap when the probe is moved. Take care, watch the water
trap closely and empty any water when it is noticed.
• The in-line particle filter is clean and does not become blocked. If this filter is
allowed to become dirty then damage may occur inside the analyser.

4.8.1 Low Flow

During sampling or at any time the pump is running the screen may display LOW
FLOW. This is an indication of the following:
• The particle filter needs replacing (a visual check is also necessary)
• Probe or tubing is blocked.
• Internal filters are blocked (Contact service agent)

WARNING! Under severe conditions of low flow the PUMP will stop and an
audible tone will be heard. The following screen shows the action to be taken:

LOW FLOW
EMPTY WATER TRAP
CLEAR HOSE AND PROBE
THEN PRESS ENTER
Check the following for water:-

• Probe line, water trap and particle filter

When the blockage is cleared the instrument should resume normal operation. If it not
possible to clear the problem then internal damage may have occurred and the unit
should be returned to a service centre.

4.9 Normal Shutdown Sequence

DO THIS EVERY TIME YOU USE THE ANALYSER

Remove the probe from the vehicle exhaust - TAKE CARE ! THE PROBE WILL
BE HOT - and allow it to cool naturally. Do not immerse the probe in water as this
will be drawn into the analyser and damage the pump and sensors.

Once the probe is removed from the exhaust allow the readings to return to zero and
press the analyser will count down from 30 to switch off.

OFF 30

MENU TO ESCAPE

If you have not finished but press by mistake, you can press to return to
normal operation and not switch OFF.
5. MOVING THROUGH THE MENUS

5.1 Basic Operation

CO % vol . . . 00.00
From the MAIN DISPLAY HC ppm vol . . 0000
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
O2 % vol . . . 20.90

MAIN MENU
Press
to access the MAIN MENU 1. SELECT 3. DISPLAY
2. UNITS 4. SETUP

MAIN MENU
Press and
to move cursor up and down 1. SELECT 3. DISPLAY
2. UNITS 4. SETUP

MAIN MENU
Press
to access selected Menu 1. SELECT 3. DISPLAY
2. UNITS 4. SETUP

SET : ZERO
Press FUEL : PETROL
to select parameter RPM : 4 CYCLE
CAL : CHECK

SET : ZERO
Use and FUEL : PETROL
to change setting i.e. fuel selected RPM : 4 CYCLE
CAL : CHECK

SET : ZERO
Press FUEL : PETROL
to enter value and move to next RPM : 4 CYCLE
parameter CAL : CHECK

MAIN MENU
Press
to save settings and return to the 1. SELECT 3. DISPLAY
MAIN MENU 2. UNITS 4. SETUP

Press to return to the MAIN DISPLAY

5.2 Menu Options and Settings

5.2.1 Main Menu

The MAIN MENU consists of 4 sub menus which are shown below and detailed on
the following pages.
MAIN MENU

1. SELECT 3. DISPLAY
2. UNITS 4. SETUP

All sub-menus are accessed using and exited using

The and keys move the cursor within a menu and allow

parameters to be changed.

TIP Holding down one of these keys scrolls through the data quicker.

5.2.2 Select Menu

SET : ZERO
FUEL : PETROL
RPM : 4 STROKE
CAL : CHECK

This menu allows selections to be made for the parameters detailed below.

OPTIONS

SET : Allows manual activation of zero setting, HC ZERO

residue and leak checking functions. More details HC RESIDUE
on these functions can be found in Section 10 – LEAK CHECK
Zero checks and recalibration.

FUEL : Select the fuel the vehicle is using from a standard PETROL
fuel stored in the analyser. Select from: LPG
CNG

RPM : To allow the analyser to determine the correct 2 STROKE

(Certain analysers revolutions per minute of the engine it must know 4 STROKE
only) if it is a 2 or 4 stroke (use 2 stroke for DIS /12, /8, /6, /5,
systems) when using the inductive clamp. Select /4, /3, /2
the number of cylinders if connecting to the low
tension side of the coil. Eg. /12 (test leads are
optional)
CAL : Allows the user to check the calibration of the analyser using precision
calibration test gases. It is recommended this is done every 3 months.
Test gas is available from your service centre. The following can be
performed in this menu:

• Set the calibration test GAS VALUE in the analyser.

• CHECK the calibration accuracy against the test gas.
• RESET calibration values to factory settings.

Use the or to select from the GAS VALUE

following functions. Press to select. CHECK
RESET

Details for performing the above functions can be found in Section

10.4 – Gas calibration verification.

5.2.3 Units Menu

DATA : T123 ABC
TEMP :C
EFF : LAMBDA
PEF : 0.512

Allows the vehicle registration number to be changed and all displayed units to be
changed.

Vehicle Registration Data

DATA : T123 ABC
TEMP :C
EFF : LAMBDA
PEF : 0.512

Allows the vehicle registration number to be entered. The format for the data is 8
characters alphanumeric as follows:

1234567890:;<>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/space/

The cursor T indicates this character can be changed. Select the correct character from
the list using and press when correct.

Repeat until all the vehicle registration is correct .

TEMP : Choose selections from Centigrade °C or Fahrenheit °F.
(Certain analysers only)

EFF : Changes the calculation used in the Lambda calculation. Change from
LAMBDA to AFR. Formulas used in the analyser are detailed in
appendix B.

PEF : Propane equivalence factor or n-hexane to propane ratio as set in the

instrument. This is not a user variable parameter but is displayed for
reference.

5.2.4 Display Menu

LIGHT : OFF
MODE : 8-PAGE
CONTRAST : DEFAULT
LANGUAGE : ENGLISH

Allows the configuration of the display to be changed.

OPTIONS

LIGHT : Turns the backlight ON or OFF. ON

OFF

MODE : Select 4 or 8 Page Mode or Line Scroll Mode as 4 PAGE

detailed in section 4.3 Main Displays. 8 PAGE
LINE

CONTRAST : The contrast is set to a DEFAULT value or can be

adjusted ↑ LIGHTER or ↓ DARKER. Use the or
key to adjust. Note the display may jump from
dark to clear.

LANGUAGE : Changes the analysers displayed and printed ENGLISH

language. SPANISH
DUTCH
FRENCH
ITALIAN
GERMAN
5.2.5. Set-Up Menu

The set up menu allows the following parameters to be set / altered.

• Format of the date.

• Time
• Printout Header
FORMAT : DD-MM-YY
DATE : 02-03-99
TIME : 09:10:31
HEADER : NO

FORMAT : Changes the date format set on the analyser. DD-MM-YY

Contact your service centre if this is incorrect. MM-DD-YY
YY-MM-DD

DATE: Allows the user to change the date. Change each

Change each number of the day, month and year number using
until correct. and

TIME: Allows the user to change the time. Change each

Change each number of the hours and minutes number using
until correct, the seconds will reset to zero and
automatically.

Header : Allows two lines of 20 characters to be programmed

into the analyser. The header appears on the top of
the standard printout. This can be used to print your
company name and/or phone number.

Name/Phone
KANE AUTOMOTIVE

‘LEFT’ USE STORE KEY

The screen above shows the standard header setting with the cursor now shown
underlining the K in KANE. By using and any letter or number can
be chosen.

Once the correct character is displayed, use to move right to the next. Move
along until all characters spell the desired name or phone number. If you need to go
back and change a character use to move left.

Press to return to the SET UP menu.

6. PRINTING INFORMATION – OPTIONAL EXTRA ONLY

Supplied as an accessory for the analyser is an infra-red thermal printer. Read the
manual supplied with the printer prior to operation. Connections to the analyser are
detailed below :

• Infra-red thermal printer - this does not require a cable to transmit the data but
uses an infra-red (IR) link similar to a TV remote control. The IR emitter is
positioned on the top of the Analyser and the bottom of the printer. Ensure they are
pointing at each other and within 300 mm, with no obstructions in the way. Data
may be lost if transmission is interrupted, a black square is evidence of this. Keep
the Analyser pointing at the printer until the printout has finished.

Data can either be printed from a ‘live’ test or from stored data. Printing of stored data
is detailed in STORING AND RETREIVING DATA.

6.1 Printing a ‘Live’ Test

During a vehicle test the Analyser will print data on request. With the analyser
showing the MAIN DISPLAY press and hold until the second bleep. Current
data will be sent to the printer. If the print button is held until the third bleep, the test
results will be printed in duplicate (from software version 4.6).

The display will show the following until data transmission is complete.

∗∗∗∗∗ Printing ∗∗∗∗∗

6.2 Standard Printout Kane Automotive

The standard printout is shown below :-

VEHICLE: T123 ABC

FUEL: PETROL

DATE: 17-03-99
TIME: 09:10:31

CO % vol . . . 3.5
HC ppm vol . .1234
CO2 % vol . . . 14
O2 % vol . . . 2.1

LAMBDA . . . 1.010

NOx ppm vol . . N/F

7. STORING AND RETRIEVING DATA

The Analyser can store up to 255 emissions tests. Once stored, the data can be viewed
on the display or downloaded to a printer.

7.1 Storing a ‘Live’ Test

While performing a test and viewing the data on the MAIN display access the STORE
menu as follows :-

Press STORE MENU

to access the STORE MENU MODE : STORE
TEST : 3
PRESS ‘STORE’ TO LOG

Mode: Select from the following :-

• STORE - Allows data to be stored in memory.

• VIEW / PRINT - Stored data can be viewed or printed.
• DELETE - Clears all data in memory.
• AUTO STORE – Automatically stores data at a preset
interval.

Location: Automatically allocates a location in the memory of the instrument for

the next test. On the display shown above the next location will be 3.

To store a test, set MODE to STORE and press . The current readings will be
stored in the analysers memory.

NOTE: The analyser will stop logging once it has reached 255 readings and
will return to the main display if the store key is pressed. Data can still
be viewed and printed.

TIP : Make a note of the location number for your particular test as it may be
useful when printing.

7.2 Viewing and Printing a ‘Stored’ Test

Press STORE MENU

to access the STORE MENU MODE : VIEW / PRINT
TEST : 001 TO 010
PRESS ‘ENTER’ TO VIEW
Move the cursor to Location and press . The cursor will move to the first digit
of the first number, use to select the correct digit and enter when correct.
Repeat on the second digit until the location to view from is correct.

Press to move the cursor to the second number, select the last location to view
using the same procedure.

To view the stored data press :-

TEST ... 1
VEHICLE T123 ABC
DATE . . . 07-08-96
TIME . . . 12:31:35

Use and to page through data as in MAIN DISPLAYS.

TEST ... 1
FUEL PETROL
CO % vol . . . 00.00
HC ppm vol h . 0000

TEST ... 1
O2 % vol . . . 20.90
CO2 % vol . . . 00.0
LAMBDA . . . . . 0.000

TEST ... 1
AFR .... 00.00
NO ppm NOT FITTED

Press to advance to the next test. TEST ... 2

VEHICLE P456 DEF
DATE . . . 07-08-96
TIME . . . 13:31:10

Press to go back to the previous test. Press to return to the MAIN

MENU.

A printout of the test being displayed can be obtained by pressing

TIP : Stored and displayed with the data are actual time and date of the test.
7.3 Deleting Data

To delete the data in stored memory press to obtain the STORE MENU (as
above) :-

Press STORE MENU

to access the STORE MENU MODE : DELETE
TEST : 3
PRESS ‘ENTER’ TO DELETE

Press ENTER to ERASE DATA

to access delete data screen
MENU to ESCAPE

Press to delete data in memory, press to exit delete data

screen.

WARNING: ALL DATA WILL BE REMOVED

Ensure you have printed the data you require before clearing the memory.
7.4 Auto Store

STORE MENU
MODE : A UTO STORE
TEST : 10 S
PRESS ‘ENTER’

Press to enter Auto Store Mode.

STORE MENU
MODE : AUTO STORE
TEST : 10S
PRESS ‘ENTER’

Press or to change the interval between Auto Stores (interval can

be set between 10 and 99 secs).

Press to initiate Auto Store sequence.

During the Auto Store sequence the store number appears on the top line of the
display, accompanied by a double beep.

To disable Auto Zero store mode:

Press .

STORE MENU
MODE :STORE
S
TEST :
PRESS ‘STORE’ TO LOG

Then press .

Press to escape.
8. MAINTENANCE

8.1 Emptying and Cleaning the In-line Water Trap

The in-line water trap should be checked and emptied on a regular basis. Water
vapour will condense and gather in the probe line. This may move suddenly to the trap
when the probe is moved. Care should be taken at all times.

Emptying of the water trap is detailed below :-

Water level indicator (do not exceed level while trap is vertical)

Carefully remove the end cap from the in-line housing. Dispose of the condensate in a
suitable drain. Clean the inside of the water trap using a soft cloth

8.2 Changing the Particle Filter

This is a very important part of the analyser and should be changed regularly. It
prevents dust and dirty particles entering the pump and sensors and hence causing
damage. The filter MUST be changed when it is discoloured or if LOW FLOW is
indicated and no obvious fault can be found.

Remove the end cap from the in-line filter housing. Carefully remove the paper filter
element and dispose of it. Clean the inside of the filter housing with a suitable soft
cloth. Insert a new filter element onto the spigot in the filter housing and carefully
replace the end cap.

IF THE FILTER IS NOT CHANGED REGULARLY DAMAGE WILL OCCUR TO

THE SENSORS RESULTING IN A CHARGEABLE SERVICE. IT IS EVIDENT
FROM AN INTERNAL INSPECTION OF THE INSTRUMENT IF THE FILTER
HAS BEEN CHANGED REGULARLY.
9. PROBLEM SOLVING
The following is a list of problems that may occur on the instrument through its
operating life. If the cause of the fault is not easy to identify then we advise you
contact Kane International Technical Support or an International Distributor for expert
advice.

Fault symptom Causes

• Oxygen too high • Air leaking into probe, tubing, water trap,
connectors or internal to instrument.
• Oxygen cell needs replacing.
• Oxygen Error (FAULT) • Zero calibration fault
• Infrared gas Error (FAULT) • Instrument has been stored in a cold
environment and is not at normal working
temperature.
• Oxygen cell or infrared bench needs replacing.
• Analyser not holding charge • Battery exhausted.
• Analyser not charging • Charger not giving correct output.
• Fuse blown in charger plug.
• Analyser does not respond to • Particle filter blocked.
exhaust gas • Probe or tubing blocked.
• Pump not working or damaged with
contaminants.
• Oil temperature readings erratic • Temperature plug reversed in socket.
• Faulty connection or break in cable or plug.
• Analyser automatically switches • Battery below alarm level.
off in operation • Ambient temperature above 50°C.
• Battery quickly discharging and is faulty.

INTERNAL FILTER
To protect the analyser from water ingress a filter is installed inside the casing to
protect the infrared measuring system. This filter will block if care is not taken during
sampling:

• Ensure any build-up of water in the probe line and water trap are removed as soon
as possible.
• The external particle filter is changed regularly.
• The instrument is allowed to sample fresh air on a regular basis.
• The instrument samples fresh air for 3 minutes before switch off.
• Do not blow smoke from a cigarette into the instrument.

If you suspect the internal filter is blocked perform the following:

• Remove the probe connection from the water trap.

• Empty and clean the water trap with a dry cloth.
• Fit a new external particle filter.
• Run the instrument in fresh air (pump ON) for at least one hour.

If the problem does not clear contact a service agent.

10. ZERO CHECKS AND RE-CALIBRATION

During normal operation of the analyser the following checks may be requested as
required:

• Zero setting of all sensors (can also be selected manually)

• HC residue check (automatic) Certain analysers only.
• Leak test
• Calibration check.
• Recalibration.

10.1 Zero setting

The zero setting function sets the working sensors to zero using fresh air. This
function is activated as follows:

• Following analyser switch ON.

• On a timed basis. Following the analyser first being turned ON a zero will
requested automatically at 7, 15 and then 30 minute intervals. Subsequent
requests will be every 30 minutes.
• On request by the user from the SELECT MENU

The zero sequence is as follows, ensure the on screen commands are followed or the
analyser may not zero correctly.
ZERO CHECK
REMOVE PROBE
FROM EXHAUST
THEN PRESS ENTER

Ensure the probe is removed from the vehicle exhaust and is sampling fresh air, in the
garage environment this should be ½ metre or 18 inches above the ground. Once this
is done press to activate the pump.

WARNING : The sensors will only be reset if the probe is sampling

fresh air for at least 60 seconds.

Once the zero is complete the screen will return to the MAIN DISPLAY.

If the analyser fails to zero it may request a HC residue check. (Certain analysers only)
10.2 HC residue check (Certain analysers only)

Hydrocarbon is a very ‘sticky’ gas and can cling to tubing in the analyser or probe. If
HC % vol reading does not go below 20 ppm when in fresh air following a test then a
residue check will be requested. Repeat tests will be carried out until the reading is
below 20 ppm.

The HC residue check procedure is as follows:

HC RESIDUE CHECK
REMOVE EXHAUST PROBE
FIT CARBON FILTER
THEN PRESS ENTER

As instructed remove the probe from the exhaust and detach the water trap and
particle filter housing from the instrument. Fit the carbon filter element in place of the
water trap housing, press when in place.

NOTE! The analyser will not continue with the test if it does not detect the
carbon filter element is in place. Use of the analyser is prohibited if the
filter is not used and a successful HC residue check not completed.

During this check it is advisable to perform the following maintenance:

• Change the particle filter and clean the inside of the housing.
• Clear the probe line using a compressed air line. Note! This must only be
done with the probe removed from both analyser and vehicle.

If the analyser cannot detect a reduction in the HC level to within preset limits then it
will try again from the screen shown above. If the analyser continues to fail the test
contact your service agent for advice.

If the HC residue check is successful the following screen will be displayed.

HC RESIDUE CHECK
PASSED
REMOVE CARBON FILTER
THEN PRESS ENTER

Once the check is complete the screen will return to the MAIN DISPLAY. Remove
the carbon filter element and store in the instrument case. Reconnect the water trap
housing and probe.
10.3 Leak check

To ensure the gas sampling system is sealed correctly and not letting in air, the
analyser will perform a leak check. This requires the user to block the probe inlet and
perform the test. This check is done every time the analyser is switched on or as
requested by the user. It is also advisable to perform a leak check if the water trap is
removed and replaced i.e. for particle filter renewal.

When YES is selected, the leak check procedure is as follows:

LEAK CHECK
REMOVE EXHAUST PROBE
FIT PROBE SEAL
THEN PRESS ENTER

CAUTION! When fitting the SEAL ensure the exhaust probe has been removed
from the vehicle for some time and is cool.

When fitting the SEAL ensure the two inlet holes at the end of the probe are covered
and are gas tight. If air leaks in at this point the test will fail.

Ensure cap fits around this face

Press when the seal is in place. The check will take a few seconds. Following
a successful test the analyser will return to the MAIN DISPLAY.

LEAK CHECK
PASSED
REMOVE PROBE SEAL
THEN PRESS ENTER

If a leak is detected in the gas system the test will fail.

LEAK CHECK
FAILED
CHECK PROBE & SEAL
THEN PRESS ENTER
Check for the following:

• The seal is correctly positioned over the holes in the end of the probe.
• There are not apparent cracks in the probe or tube.
• The water trap housing is not cracked and the ends are in place.
• All O-rings on the probe connections are in good condition and in place.
• There is no physical damage to the analyser case.
• The water trap fitting on the analyser is in good condition.

Once the above has been checked press to perform the leak test again.

If the analyser continues to fail contact your service centre.

10.4 Gas Calibration Verification

This section details using precision calibration gases to check the analyser settings. It
does not replace an annual calibration and service by an authorised agent.

Access to the calibration functions are found in menu 1. SELECT, sub menu CAL.

10.4.1 Calibration Gas Values

FUEL : PETROL
RPM : 4 STROKE
ZERO : NO
CAL : GAS VALUE

To allow the analyser to check its calibration it must know the values of calibration
gas contained in the bottle. Select GAS VALUE in the menu shown above. Pressing
will access the following screen:

GAS VALUE
CO : 3.50 CO2 : 14.0
HC : 2000 NOx : 1000
‘LEFT’ USE STORE KEY

Enter the gas values as shown on the calibration gas bottle. Note CO and CO2 are
expressed in percentage %, HC is ppm propane and NOx in ppm. Setting each number
is as detailed in Section 5.2.5. setting the time. Once the values are correct press the
key to save the data and exit.

Note ! If you do not have a NOx sensor fitted to your analyser then you will not need
to enter a gas value. N/F will be displayed.

HC - HydroCarbon readings

During the calibration routine HC readings will be expressed as n-hexane even though
the gas bottle will contain propane. It is important to understand that when entering
the HC gas value into the analyser the value on the calibration gas bottle is entered. In
our example 2000 ppm propane.

When performing a calibration reading or check the analyser will automatically

convert the readings using the PEF and express them as n-hexane.

Using the PEF detailed on page 15 of this manual the analyser would display:

HC displayed reading (n-hexane) = 2000 ppm x PEF

= 2000 x 0.512 = 1024 ppm

10.4.2 Calibration Check

FUEL : PETROL
RPM : 4 STROKE
ZERO : NO
CAL : CHECK

You should perform a calibration check when ever you suspect an error or at a
minimum of 450 hours. Select CHECK from the screen above and press

The instrument will request a ZERO CHECK, see Section 10.1, once complete,
proceed as follows:

CALIBRATION CHECK

CONNECT CAL GAS

THEN PRESS ENTER

WARNING! Use calibration gas in well ventilated areas. Fumes may cause nausea
and headaches.

Connect the calibration gas to the water trap connection on the analyser using the hose
provided. Important: To prevent damage to the analyser, be sure to use the
pressure regulator between the analyser and the gas bottle. Read the instructions
supplied with the calibration gas carefully.

Open the gas valve on the calibration bottle. The following screen will display the
change in gas values as the analyser detects the calibration gas.

CALIBRATION CHECK
CO : 3.50 CO2 : 14.0
HC : 1000 NOx : 1000
CONNECT GAS 30

The instrument will automatically perform a gas check within 60 seconds. The
number 30 will countdown to give an indication of calibration status. Messages on the
screen as follows:

• CONNECT GAS when the analyser is waiting for calibration gas to be

applied.
• NO GAS DETECTED will be displayed after 30 seconds if the
instrument does not see changes in the gas values. Check the gas valve has
been opened, the fittings are secure and that there is sufficient pressure in
the bottle. Fails test and returns to main screen.
• DETECTING GAS when the analyser has started to read calibration gas
and is stabilising – normally within about 5-10 seconds.
 • GAS UNSTABLE message is displayed after the instrument has detected
gas for 30 seconds but readings fluctuate. Fails test and returns to main
screen.

Once the analyser has detected a stable gas supply it will check that all the gas
readings are within the allowable deviation from the factory calibration. If the
readings are within these limits it will proceed to the next section 10.4.3 User
Recalibration.

Note ! Disconnect gas at this time.

If the analyser falls outside these limits it is in need of repair and should be returned to
an approved service agent. The following screen will be displayed.

FAILED FACTORY
CALIBRATION CHECK
UNIT MAY NEED REPAIR
PRINT REPORT NO

The analyser checks all measured gases and if one or more fail it will indicate a fault.
An option to print a calibration report is given at this time.

10.4.3 User Re-calibration

Following a successful calibration check you will be informed of the following:

DISCONNECT GAS
Gas calibration is within specification. CALIBRATION VERIFIED
A printed report can be obtained. PRINT REPORT NO

DISCONNECT GAS
Gas calibration is outside specification CALIBRATION ADVISED
and need adjustment.
PRINT REPORT NO
Following both options detailed above you will be allowed to reset the analyser
calibration constants:

CALIBRATE: NO

Selecting NO keeps the last calibration and returns to the main menu. To alter the
calibration constants select YES to access the following screen.

ENTER SERVICE CODE

0000

Before the new calibration can be accepted an authorisation code is required.

Enter each number of the code 5128.

ENTER SERVICE CODE

5128

Once the last digit has been entered the analyser will store the new settings into its
memory, this may take a few seconds and you will be asked to PLEASE WAIT. Once
the memory settings have been checked the analyser will display:

CALIBRATION RESET

PRINT REPORT NO

Select to either run a final calibration report or not before returning to the main menu.

If in any doubt about the calibration of the the analyser contact a service centre.
10.4.4 Printed Calibration report

During all stages of the calibration routine you will be asked if you would like to print
a calibration report. See section 6.1 for details on printing.

The calibration report is shown below :- KANE AUTOMOTIVE

CALIBRATION REPORT

VERSION 2.4

DATE: 17-03-99
TIME: 09:10:31

MAX: 14.7
CO2 % vol: 13.6
MIN: 13.3

MAX: 3.68
CO % vol: 3.63
MIN: 3.32

HC CAL GAS: 2000

PEF: 0.512

MAX: 1075
HC ppm vol: 1024
MIN: 973

MAX: 1050
NO % vol 1006
MIN: 950

AMB deg: 24.4

PRS mbar: 1068

Information contained on the calibration report is as follows:

• VERSION: Analyser software version

• CO, CO2, HC, O2, NO: Gas readings as measured during check.
• MAX / MIN: Upper and lower limits at which calibration
check fails and re-calibration is advised.
• AMB deg: Ambient temperature reading during
calibration
• PRS mbar: Ambient Pressure reading during calibration

If the gas reading does not fall between the MAX and MIN limits then the analyser
has failed a calibration check.

AMB and PRS can be used when discussing problems with a service agent.
10.4.5 Reset Instrument Calibration

This feature allows the analyser to be reset to the factory setting if an error occurs
during a user calibration. This may occur, for example, if the calibration gas bottle
runs out during calibration or the instrument stores the values incorrectly. Note this
routine should only be used if a calibration failure is suspected.

FUEL : PETROL
RPM : 4 STROKE
ZERO : NO
CAL : RESET

Select RESET from the screen above and press

CALIBRATION RESET
ENTER SERVICE CODE
0000

To reset the calibration values to those originally set in the factory or at the last
analyser service the correct code needs to be entered.

DO NOT ENTER THIS CODE UNLESS YOU SUSPECT THE ANALYSER

CALIBRATION SETTINGS HAVE BEEN LOST OR CORRUPTED.

FACTORY CALIBRATION RESET CODE: 7378

CALIBRATION RESET
ENTER SERVICE CODE
7378

Enter each digit of the code as explained in the section Time and Date. Once the last
digit has been entered the factory settings will be restored and the analyser will return
to the main display. A calibration check should now be performed.

If the wrong code is entered the analyser will exit to the previous menu without
restoring the factory settings.
11. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FOR AUTO 2-2

Parameter Resolution Accuracy Range

Carbon Monoxide 0.01 % +/- 10 % of reading *1 0-10 %
(CO) (Infrared –NDIR) +/- 0.2 % volume *1 Over-range 20 %
Hydrocarbon 1 ppm +/- 10 % of reading *1 0-5000 ppm
(HC-hexane) (NDIR) +/- 30 ppm volume *1 Over-range: 10,000 ppm
CO & HC OIML R99 Class 2

Oil Temperature 0.1°C/F +2.0°C+0.3% of reading 0-150°C

+3.6oF +0.3% of reading 32-302°F
RPM 1 rpm 50 rpm 200-6,000 rpm. 2 or 4 stroke
engines. Inductive clamp or low
tension connections.
Additional features Specifications
Sensor response T95 Nominal response time
of 20 seconds
Warm up Less than 3 minutes

Pre-programmed Fuels Petrol, LPG and CNG.

Data-Logging 255 Snap Shots
PC Connections Via RS 232 port
Dimensions
Weight 1kg
Handset 220mm x 55mm x 120mm
Probe Insertion depth 350mm x Diameter 15mm
Clip handle to secure to exhaust, 4m long hose
Various probes available including high temperature
Ambient Operating Range +5°C to +40°C/10% to 90% RH non condensing
Storage temperature Minimum: 0°C
Maximum: +50°C
Battery Charger Input: 110Vac/230 Vac nominal
Output: 10 Vac off load
Analyser battery run time >4 hours from full charge with the pump running
*1
Using dry gases at STP

To obtain the quoted specification an instrument should be calibrated with clean ambient air (normally
outside the workshop) at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Note: The analyser is not for use with a Dynamometer, unless the high temperature probe is fitted.
NDIR means by non dispersive infra-red principle.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FOR HANDHELD AUTO 4-2; 5-2;
4-1; 5-1 AND PORTABLE BOX TYPE 4-3 & 5-3

Parameter Resolution Accuracy Range

Carbon Monoxide 0.01 % +/- 5 % of reading *1 0-10 %
(Infrared) +/- 0.5 % volume *1 Over-range 20 %
Oxygen 0.01 % +/- 5 % of reading*1 0-21 %
(fuel cell) +/- 0.1 % volume *1 Over-range 48 %
Hydrocarbon 1 ppm +/- 5 % of reading *1 0-5000 ppm
(Infrared) +/- 12 ppm volume *1 Over-range: 10,000 ppm
Carbon Dioxide 0.1 % +/- 5 % of reading *1 0-16 %
(Infrared)) +/- 0.5 % volume *1 Over-range: 25%
Nitric Oxide*² 1 ppm 0-4000ppm +/-4% or 0-5000ppm
(fuel cell) 25ppm; 4000-5000 ppm
+/-5%
Oil Temperature 1.0°C/F +2.0°C+0.3% of reading 0-150°C
+3.6oF +0.3% of reading 32-302°F
RPM 1 rpm 50 rpm 200-6,000 rpm.
Carbon Monoxide 0.01% Calculated 0-15%
Corrected CO
Lambda 0.001 0.8 – 1.2
AFR (Petrol) 00.01 11.76 – 17.64
(LPG) 12.48 – 18.72
Sensor response T95 15 seconds for Auto 4-1, 5-1
Nominal 20 seconds Auto 4-2, 5-2, 4-3 & 5-3
Warm up Less than 3 minutes
Pre-programmed Fuels Petrol, LPG and CNG.
PC connection Via RS 232 port
Data-Logging 255 Tests
Dimensions
Weight 1kg
Handset 220mm x 55mm x 120mm
Probe Insertion depth 350mm x Diameter 15mm
Clip handle to secure to exhaust, 4m long hose
Various probes available including high temperature
Ambient Operating Range +5°C to +40°C/10% to 90% RH non condensing
Storage temperature Minimum: 0°C
Maximum: +50°C
Battery Charger Input: 110Vac/230 Vac nominal
Output: 10 Vac off load
Analyser battery run time >4 hours from full charge with the pump running
*1
Using dry gases at STP
*² Standard on models Auto 5-2 and 5-1 only

To obtain the quoted specification an instrument should be calibrated with clean ambient air (normally
outside the workshop) at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Note: The analyser is not for use with a Dynometer, unless the high temperature probe is fitted.
APPENDICES

A - Main Display Parameters

The parameters and their meanings are detailed as follows : -

FUEL: The selected fuel will be displayed, i.e. PETROL. See Select menu
section 5.2.2 to change.
• PETROL – Leaded or Unleaded petrol/gasoline.
• LPG – Liquid Petroleum Gas
• CNG – Compressed Natural Gas

DATE : Analyser date. See Set-Up menu section 5.2.5 to change.

TIME : Analyser time. Use Set-Up menu section 5.2.5 to change.

BATTERY : Displays the battery level from 0-100%. The analyser will flash
(BAT) RECHARGE BATTERY at less than 10 % of charge. With the
charger connected the display shows AC ON.
Note! Allowing the battery to discharge fully may destroy it.

O2 : Oxygen measured in the exhaust gas indicated in percentage %.

With the pump off the analyser will display - - - -. If there is a fault
with the oxygen sensor then FLT will be displayed.

CO : Carbon monoxide measured in the exhaust gas indicated in

percentage %. With the pump off the analyser will display - - - -. If
there is a fault with the CO reading then FLT will be displayed.

CO2 : Carbon dioxide measured in the exhaust gas in percentage %. With

the pump off the analyser will display - - - -. If there is a fault with
the CO2 reading then FLT will be displayed.

HC : Hydrocarbons measured in the exhaust gas indicated in ppm (parts

per million) n-hexane (petrol). With the pump off the analyser will
display - - - -. If there is a fault with the HC reading then FLT will
be displayed.

COK : Generally known as corrected CO. This value is calculated and used
for comparison with the actual infra-red measured CO value.
COK = (Cox15)/(CO + CO2), for normal car exhaust CO + CO2 =
about 15%. In this case CO is approximately equal to COK. If
COK is clearly higher than CO this indicates defects such as exhaust
leaks. At near zero COK is not valid.

OIL : Oil temperature as measured by the dip stick probe. Displays in

either °C (deg C) or °F (deg F) and will display N/F if the probe is
not connected.
RPM : Revolutions per minute of the engine as detected by the induction
pickup clamp. This probe is plugged into the two connectors on the
bottom of the instrument case, ensure correct polarity. NOT
FITTED (N/F) will be displayed if the probe is not connected.

LAMBDA : The value of Lambda gives an indication of the burning efficiency of

(λ) the engine. This can be replaced with the Air Fuel Ratio (AFR)
below. See section 5.2.3.to change between displays. Appendix B
gives the formula used.

When sampling fresh air and lambda is outside operation range this
indication will show ‘-----‘.

AFR : Air Fuel Ratio is another method for displaying the efficiency of an
engine. The calculation for the AFR is Lambda multiplied by 14.7
for Petrol and 15.6 for LPG (typically). When sampling fresh air this
indication will show ‘-----‘.

NO : Nitric oxide reading in ppm (parts per millions) of the exhaust gas.
Displayed when Nitric oxide sensor fitted, indicated on the rear
label. Displays NOT FITTED or N/F when sensor not fitted and
FAULT or FLT if failed.

NOx : A calculated value based on the measured level of Nitric Oxide to

display total oxides of Nitrogen.

LOW FLOW: During sampling or at any time the pump is running the screen may
display LOW FLOW.

PUMP OFF: Indicates the pump has been manually turned off using the
key.

TIME TO: The analyser requires to regularly zero the sensors. Once a zero has
ZERO been performed the time to the next zero is displayed in minutes.
Check there is sufficient time remaining before starting a test and
perform a manual zero if not.
B. LAMBDA CALCULATION

The value for Lambda is a determinant for the burning efficiency of an engine. The
value depends on the composition of the fuel, the air that is used for the combustion
and on the combustion products as found in the exhaust gases.

A basic formula, taking into account:

• Components of the fuel: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and water content;
• Water content of the air;
• Components of the exhaust gases: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide;
has been developed by J. Brettschneider and published in Bosh Technishe Berichte,
Volume 6 (1979), No. 4, page 177-186.

A simplified formula, derived from the basic formula, and based upon the assumption
that the water content of the fuel and air and the NOx content in the exhaust gases are
negligible, allows the computation of Lambda when certain components of the
exhaust are measured.

B.1 Oxygen balance formula

For Lambda calculation, based upon measurements of CO, CO2, HC and O2, the
following formula is standardised: Displayed on the instrument as LAMBDA (O)

λ = CO2 + (CO/2) + O2 + [HCV/4 × {3.5 / (3.5 + CO/CO2)} – OCV/2] × (CO2 + CO)

(1 + HCV/4 - OCV/2) × {(CO2 + CO) + (K1 × HC)}

Where:

CO = Carbon monoxide % volume measured.

CO2 = Carbon dioxide % volume measured.
HC = Hydrocarbon ppm volume measured.
O2 = Oxygen % volume measured.
K1 = Conversion factor for HC is expressed in ppm vol n-hexane (C6H14)
equivalent. Its value in this formula is 6.10-4
Hcv = Atomic ratio hydrogen to carbon in the fuel. Nominal value is 1.7261
Ocv = Atomic ratio oxygen to carbon in the fuel. Nominal value is 0.0176
C. Procedure for changing Oxygen fuel cell.

The Oxygen fuel cell is housed within the case of the instrument. It should be changed
at an approved service centre when readings of oxygen are erratic or when the unit
will not set to 20.9% following a zero.

Note! The oxygen reading in fresh air may drift between 20.7 and 21 % this is normal.
D. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATABILITY (CE) STATEMENT

This product has been tested for

compliance with the following generic
standards:

EN 61000-6-3
EN 61000-6-1
and is certified to be compliant

Specification EC/EMC/KI/AutoAnalyser
details the specific test configuration,
performance and conditions of use.

Please Note: Batteries used in this instrument should be disposed of in

accordance with current legislation and local guidelines.
 Thank you for reading this data sheet.

For pricing or for further information, please contact us at our UK Office, using the details
below.

UK Office
Keison Products,
P.O. Box 2124, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 3UP, England.
Tel: +44 (0)330 088 0560
Fax: +44 (0)1245 808399
Email: sales@keison.co.uk

Please note - Product designs and specifications are subject to change without notice. The user is responsible for determining the
suitability of this product.