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Understanding Obd-Ii Protocols: ISO15765-4 (CAN-BUS)

The document discusses the different OBD-II communication protocols used in vehicles, including ISO15765-4, ISO14230-4, ISO9141-2, SAE J1850 VPW, and SAE J1850 PWM. It provides details on each protocol and how to determine the protocol a vehicle uses based on its OBD-II connector pinout.

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Hernando Montenegro
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805 views2 pages

Understanding Obd-Ii Protocols: ISO15765-4 (CAN-BUS)

The document discusses the different OBD-II communication protocols used in vehicles, including ISO15765-4, ISO14230-4, ISO9141-2, SAE J1850 VPW, and SAE J1850 PWM. It provides details on each protocol and how to determine the protocol a vehicle uses based on its OBD-II connector pinout.

Uploaded by

Hernando Montenegro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNDERSTANDING OBD-II PROTOCOLS

An OBD2 compliant vehicle can use any of the five communication protocols: SAE
J1850 PWM, SAE J1850 VPW, ISO9141-2, ISO14230-4 (KWP2000), and since 2003
also ISO 15765-4/SAE J2480.

Please note that some models are equipped with SAE J1962 connector, but these cars are
NOT OBD2 compliant. Typical examples of such cars are some early VW/Skoda/Seat
models (European versions only), Ford vehicles with EEC-IV using Ford DCL protocol
(e.g. Ford Escort), Nissan EU/Asian models (using Nissan DDL protocol pre-2003
Nissan models are not OBD2 compliant), or some European Hyundai models.

ISO15765-4 (CAN-BUS)
The most modern protocol, mandatory for all 2008+ vehicles sold in the US. Uses pins 6
and 14, communication is differential.

Four variants of ISO15765 exist. They differ only in identifier length and bus speed:

 ISO 15765-4 CAN (11 bit ID,500 Kbaud)


 ISO 15765-4 CAN (29 bit ID,500 Kbaud)
 ISO 15765-4 CAN (11 bit ID,250 Kbaud)
 ISO 15765-4 CAN (29 bit ID,250 Kbaud)

ISO14230-4 (KWP2000)
Very common protocol for 2003+ vehicles using ISO9141 K-Line. Uses pin 7.

Two variants of ISO14230-4 exist. They differ only in method of communication


initialization. All use 10400 bits per second.

 ISO 14230-4 KWP (5 baud init,10.4 Kbaud)


 ISO 14230-4 KWP (fast init,10.4 Kbaud)

ISO9141-2
Older protocol used mostly on European vehicles between 2000 and 2004. Uses pins 7
and optinally 15.

SAE J1850 VPW


Diagnostic bus used mostly on GM vehicles. Uses pin 1, communication speed is 10.4
kB/sec.
SAE J1850 PWM
Diagnostic bus/protocol used mostly on Ford. Uses pins 1 and 2, communication signal is
differential and it's rate is 41.6kB/sec.

Determining protocol from OBD-2 pinout


As a general rule, you can determine which protocol your vehicle is using by looking at
the pinout of the OBD-II connector:

Standard Pin 2 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 10 Pin 14 Pin 15


must must
J1850 PWM have
- - have
- -
must
J1850 VPW have
- - - - -
must
ISO9141/14230 - - have
- - optional

must must
ISO15765 (CAN) - have
- - have
-
Please note that other pins may also be fitted. They usually connected to other (non-
engine) ECUs or provide various signals. PF-Diagnose is not capable of "talking" to
other ECUs than engine and in some cases Transmission. For diagnosis of other control
units such as ABS, airbag, audio or body modules you need vendor-specific software or
software licensed by the specific OEM often referred to as add-ons.

Other non-OBD2 protocols


Almost every vehicle also uses vendor-specific diagnostic protocols such as KWP2000,
KW1281, VWTP, KW72, KW82, JED, which are used for "native" or OEM diagnostics.
These are needed for parameter changes, ECU Reflashing and advanced diagnostics.

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