Scribd
Upload
119 views32 pages

Spline Interpolation Method: Major: All Engineering Majors Authors: Autar Kaw, Jai Paul

The document discusses spline interpolation methods for determining values between known data points. Spline interpolation uses piecewise polynomials that match slopes and curves at data points for smooth interpolation. The document provides an example of using linear and quadratic spline interpolation to find the velocity, acceleration, and distance traveled of a rocket based on its velocity at different time points. Quadratic spline interpolation involves setting up equations where the spline curves and their first derivatives are continuous at known data points.

Uploaded by

salman1992
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views32 pages

Spline Interpolation Method: Major: All Engineering Majors Authors: Autar Kaw, Jai Paul

The document discusses spline interpolation methods for determining values between known data points. Spline interpolation uses piecewise polynomials that match slopes and curves at data points for smooth interpolation. The document provides an example of using linear and quadratic spline interpolation to find the velocity, acceleration, and distance traveled of a rocket based on its velocity at different time points. Quadratic spline interpolation involves setting up equations where the spline curves and their first derivatives are continuous at known data points.

Uploaded by

salman1992
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Spline Interpolation Method

Major: All Engineering Majors

Authors: Autar Kaw, Jai Paul

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Transforming Numerical Methods Education for STEM
Undergraduates

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu 1
Spline Method of
Interpolation

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
What is Interpolation ?
Given (x0,y0), (x1,y1), …… (xn,yn), find the
value of ‘y’ at a value of ‘x’ that is not given.

3 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Interpolants
Polynomials are the most common
choice of interpolants because they
are easy to:

Evaluate
Differentiate, and
Integrate.

4 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Rocket Example Results
t v Polynomial Velocity at Absolute Least
(s) (m/s) Order t=16 in Relative Number of
0 0 m/s Approxima Significant
10 227.04 te Error Digits
15 362.78 Correct
20 517.35 1 393.69 -------------
22.5 602.97 2 392.19 0.38% 2
30 901.67 3 392.05 0.036% 3
4 392.07 0.0051% 3
5 392.06 0.0026% 4

5 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Why Splines ?

6 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Why Splines ?

Figure : Higher order polynomial interpolation is a bad idea


7 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Linear Interpolation

8 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Linear Interpolation (contd)

9 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Example
The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a
function of time in Table 1. Find the velocity at
t=16 seconds using linear splines.
Table Velocity as a
function of time

(s) (m/s)
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67
Figure. Velocity vs. time data
for the rocket example
10 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Linear Interpolation

11 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Interpolation

12 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Interpolation (contd)

13 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Splines (contd)

14 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Splines (contd)

15 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Splines (contd)

16 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Spline Example
The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time.
Using quadratic splines
a) Find the velocity at t=16 seconds

b) Find the acceleration at t=16 seconds

c) Find the distance covered between t=11 and t=16 seconds

Table Velocity as a
function of time

(s) (m/s)
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67 Figure. Velocity vs. time data
for the rocket example

17 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution

Let us set up the equations


18 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Each Spline Goes Through
Two Consecutive Data Points

19 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Each Spline Goes Through
Two Consecutive Data Points
t v(t)
s m/s
0 0
10 227.04
15 362.78
20 517.35
22.5 602.97
30 901.67

20 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Derivatives are Continuous at
Interior Data Points

21 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Derivatives are continuous at
Interior Data Points
At t=10

At t=15

At t=20

At t=22.5

22 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Last Equation

23 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Final Set of Equations

24 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Coefficients of Spline
i ai bi ci
1 0 22.704 0
2 0.8888 4.928 88.88
3 −0.1356 35.66 −141.61
4 1.6048 −33.956 554.55
5 0.20889 28.86 −152.13

25 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Quadratic Spline Interpolation
Part 2 of 2

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu

26 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Final Solution

27 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Velocity at a Particular Point
a) Velocity at t=16

28 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Acceleration from Velocity Profile
b) The quadratic spline valid at t=16 is
given by

29 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Distance from Velocity Profile
c) Find the distance covered by the rocket from t=11s to
t=16s.

30 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Additional Resources
For all resources on this topic such as digital audiovisual
lectures, primers, textbook chapters, multiple-choice
tests, worksheets in MATLAB, MATHEMATICA, MathCad
and MAPLE, blogs, related physical problems, please
visit

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/topics/spline_met
hod.html
THE END

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy