SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE

Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur

Basic Education Department
SY 2020-2021

COURSE GUIDE
(4th Grading Period: February 1- 26, 2021)

TLE: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 8

WEEK MODULE LESSON

Module 46 Proper tool Selection
Week 1 Module 47 Proper use of tools
(Feb. 1-5) Module 48 Main Hand Tools
Module 49 Select Components to be measured
Module 50 Carry out Mensuration and Calculation
Module 51 Identify different Kinds of Technical Drawing
Week 2 Module 52 Interpret Technical Drawing
(Feb. 8-12) Module 53-54 Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk
control
Module 55
Applying 5s on computer
Module 56
Week 3 Module 57-58 Computer workstation ergonomics
(Feb. 15-19) Module 59-60 Controlling hazards and risk
Week 4
4th Periodic Exam
(Feb. 22-26)

Prepared by: Checked by:

T. REDENTOR SEGUENZA T. KRISTINE C. CELESTIAL

Subject Teacher JHS Coordinator

Approved by:

PTR. KATHERINE JOYCE S. CONTANTE, MA

Basic Education, Principal
 MODULE #46

I. TOPIC: PROPER TOOL SELECTION

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, the students shall be able to:
1. identify the tasks to be undertaken properly;
2. appropriate hand tools are identified and selected according to the task requirements;
3. appropriate hand tools checked for proper operation and safety;
4. identify the unsafe or faulty; and
5. marked all tools for repair according to standard company procedures.

III. INTRODUCTION
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal
cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular function.
Appropriate selection of tools for task will greatly improve the effectiveness of use, while reducing the
risk of injury and/or damage. Tools must be used only for the purpose for which they were designed.
Watch the video in youtube from the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE2XdvaBb5k

IV. LESSON PROPER

PREPARING FOR THE TASK TO BE UNDERTAKEN INCLUDES PROPER TOOL SELECTION

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of work to be
accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field experience in their
safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the
manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used
according to their manufacturer’s instructions.

Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with detailed
instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts for the safety. If there are set-
up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to use the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

• All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
• The right tool be used for the job
• Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
• Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
• The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

HARDWARE TOOLS
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the necessary
tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware
tools are grouped into these four categories:
- Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools - Hand tools
- Cleaning tools - Diagnostic tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc.
The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical
charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist
straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity. Examples of ESD
Tools:
 Anti-static wrist strap –used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from
building up.

HAND TOOLS
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. The
hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of
Hand Tools:

Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws

Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like

depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.

Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the
same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.

Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.

Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – used to manipulate small parts.

Part retriever – used to retrieve parts from location that are to small for your
hand to fit.

Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

CLEANING TOOLS
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these
tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning. The following examples:
 Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without
scratching or leaving debris.

Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different computer
parts without touching the components.

Cable ties –used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.

Parts organizer –used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts
and prevents them from getting mixed together.

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating
system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing your
computer problems:

Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in
computer components.

Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports.

V. EVALUATION
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers in one (1) whole sheet
of paper.
__________1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
__________2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the
manufacturer, must be included.
__________3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose for which it was designed and
also for other purposes where it can be used as substitute where tool is not available.
__________4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular maintenance.
__________5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.
__________6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be done.

B. Identify the tools on the boxes. Write your answer in one(1) sheet of paper.

1. 8.

2. 9.

3. 10.
 4. 11.

5. 12.

6. 13.

7. 14.

VI. REFERENCE
Learning Module: Computer Hardware Servicing 8, pp. 8-12.
__________________________________________________________________________________________

MODULE #47

I. TOPIC: PROPER USE OF TOOLS

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, the students shall be able to:
1. use tools according to tasks undertaken;
2. observe all safety procedures in using tools at all times; and
3. explain the Malfunctions, unplanned or unusual events.

III. INTRODUCTION
Using tools properly helps prevent accidents and damage to equipment and people. This module
describes and covers the proper use of variety of hardware and organizational tools specific to working with
computers and peripherals.
Watch the video “Proper use of tools” in youtube from the link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWzbgECQnuE.

IV. LESSON PROPER

PROPER USE OF ESD TOOLS

The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the
electrical charge between you and the equipment. The antistatic wrist
strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment that
you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body,
the connection made by the wrist strap to the equipment, or ground,
channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.

The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:

1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap
or Velcro. The metal on the back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other end either to the
equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is connected to. The metal skeleton of
the case is a good place to connect the wire. When connecting the wire to equipment that you are
working on, choose an unpainted metal surface. A painted surface does not conduct the electricity as
well as unpainted metal.
 An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from a component and
transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place parts as you remove them
from the system. Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to delicate circuits or
components.

PROPER USE OF HAND TOOLS

A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic covers many of the
various hand tools used when repairing computers;

Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of the screw.
Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counter clockwise to loosen the screw.
Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw, may get
stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws.

Flat head screwdriver

Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a flat head
screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot remove a
component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in place.

CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is probably wrong. Take a
second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a locking clip that is holding the component in
place. Refer to the device manual or diagram for additional information.

Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to puncture
anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.

Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts should not
be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex driver that is too large for
the bolt that you are using.

CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic devices, be sure that the tools you are
using have not been magnetized. Magnetic fields can be harmful to data stored on magnetic media. Test your
tool by touching the tool with a screw. If the screw is attracted to the tool, do not use the tool.

Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers

The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and retrieve parts that may be
hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any components when using these tools.

CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to pry off
jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can cause
problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical components. On electrical
components, an excessive build-up of dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat. This insulation will impair
the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to overheat and
fail.

CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around the
components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle. The power supply and the fan should be
cleaned from the back of the case.

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
Computer Cases and Monitors
Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on a damp, lint-free
cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to create the cleaning solution. If any water
drips inside the case, allow enough time for the liquid to dry before powering on the computer.

LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen, unless the cleaner is
specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage the coating on the screen. There is no glass
protecting these screens, so be gentle when cleaning them and do not press firmly on the screen.

CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free
cloth with distilled water and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a
soft, dry cloth to wipe the screen and remove any streaking after you have
cleaned the monitor.
Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed
air does not cause electrostatic build up on components. Make sure that you
are in a well-ventilated area before blowing the dust out of the computer. A
best practice is to wear a dust mask to make sure that you do not breathe in
the dust particles.
Blow out the dust using short bursts from the can. Never tip the can
or use the compressed air can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin from the force of the
compressed air. Hold the fan in place. Fan motors can be ruined from spinning when the motor is not turned on.

Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol
contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the contacts do not collect any lint from the cloth
or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the contacts with compressed air before reinstallation.

Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush
attachment.

CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The plastic parts of the vacuum
cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to the components. Use only a vacuum approved for
electronic components.

Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner directly
on the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove the ball and clean it with glass cleaner and a soft cloth.
Wipe the rollers clean inside the mouse with the same cloth. Do not spray any liquids inside the mouse.

V. EVALUATION

A. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following:

_________________1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment.
_________________2. Tighten / loosen screw
_________________3. Tighten / loosen bold with a hexagonal head
_________________4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers
_________________5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw.
B. Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below. Write your answer in one (1) whole sheet of paper.
(2%)
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:

Computer case and outside Mild cleaning solution and lint free cloth (sample)
monitor

Keyboard

Mouse

LCD screen

CRT screen

Heat sink

RAM

VI. REFERENCE
Learning Module: Computer Hardware Servicing 8, pp.19-21.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
MODULE #48

I. TOPIC: MAIN HAND TOOLS

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, the students shall be able to:
1. use tools according to tasks undertaken;
2. undertaking the routine maintenance of tools according to standard operational procedures, principles
and techniques; and
3. recognize tools stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
or standard operating procedures.

III. INTRODUCTION
To troubleshot and repair laptop systems properly, you need a few basic tools. If you intend to
troubleshoot and repair system personally, you may want to purchase many more specialized tools as well.
These advanced tools enable you to more accurately diagnose problems and make jobs easier and faster. Simple
hand tools for basic disassembly and reassembly procedures, including a selection of the following tools that
will be discussing in this module.
Watch the video “Tools and Equipment Maintenance”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3zfiTpyEnk.

IV. LESSON PROPER

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Regulations
require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and machines in order
to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that
maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance
program is:
• well organized and scheduled,
• controls hazards,
 • defines operational procedures, and
• trains key personnel
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment
maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some
construction equipment may have very specific inspection and
maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different
maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic
maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working order.
This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed
and those guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged
electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective
equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service.

Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their

equipment. Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital
investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may
be included in the leasing agreement.

General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic)
• Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
• Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are kept
• Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store them
properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost.

Good practices include:

• Parts should be properly stored and labeled (Figure 1).
• Tools should be properly placed on the board, and labeled (Figure 2). Consider drawing the shapes of
the tools on the board so that they always get put back in the same position.
• Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).
• Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance of tools and parts.

Benefits:
• Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
• Costs are reduced.
• Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and equipment.
• Workshop staff develops a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.

V. EVALUATION
A. Enumerate the following. Writeyour answer in one (1) whole sheet of paper.
Good practices in the proper storage of tools: (at least 2)
1.
2.
Benefits of proper storage of tools: (at least 2)
1.
2.
B. Choose at least 5 from the given tools and conduct the maintenance activity. Choose at least 5 from the
given tools and conduct the maintenance activity. (50%)

TOOLS MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY

1. Flat Head Screwdriver Clean and Magnetize
2. Philips Head Screwdriver Clean and Magnetize
3. Torx Screwdriver Clean and Magnetize
4. Hex Driver Clean and Magnetize
5. Needle-Nose Plier Clean and Lubricate
6. Wire Cutter Clean, Lubricate and
Sharpen, if necessary
7. Tweezer Clean
8. Part Retriever Clean
9. Flashlight Clean and Change batteries if drained
10. Multimeter Clean and Calibrate

VI. REFERENCE
Learning Modules: Computer Hardware Servicing 8, pp. 27-28.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

MODULE #49

I. TOPIC: SELECT COMPONENTS TO BE MEASURED

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, the students shall be able to:
1. identify object or component to be measured;
2. obtain correct specifications from relevant source; and
3. recognize the accurate measurements are obtain for job.

III. INTRODUCTION
The System Unit. Motherboard (aka System Board) CPU (Central Processing Unit) Memory, such as RAM,
ROM, Cache, and Flash. Ports. Expansion Slots. Secondary Storage, such as hard disk drives, CD-ROMs, etc. Input
/Output Devices. Communications Devices are the component to be measured which will be tackling in this
module.
To further understand the component to be measured in computer devices, you may visit this link,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx_rnyeoejU and watch it on YouTube site.

IV. LESSON PROPER

MEMORY
Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used
most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU
had to constantly access the hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it
would operate very slowly. When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can
access it much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data
temporarily.
The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes from permanent storage
(the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go in random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then
stores pieces of data it will need to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the
register.

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are
stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents
cannot be erased or changed by normal means.

Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the
CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.
The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and
files, as well as enhance system performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The individual memory
chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install and often became loose on the
motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a
memory module.

Here are some types of memory modules:

SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR
SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process because faster
memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor speed increases, memory speed must also
increase. For example, single-channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel memory
increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. DDR2 offers faster
performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these
DDR technologies are backward- or forward-compatible.
Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the memory card to the CPU than
it takes for the CPU to actually process the data. Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the
data used most often by the CPU instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that
contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of
the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.

STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The drive can be used to
store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the
computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a
USB port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as
removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are some common types of storage drives:
Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive.

Floppy Drive

A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that

uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks
can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the floppy drive
is usually configured as the A: drive. The floppy drive can be used to
boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy disk. A 5.25-inch
floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
Hard Drive

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed
inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a
Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains
the operating system and applications. The hard drive is often configured as the first
drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in
billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in
revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage
capacity. Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin
magnetic platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts.
Because there are no drive motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive.
Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher
reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or
SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.

Optical Drive

An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD), CD, DVD, and BD media
can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re-writable (read and
write multiple times).

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device
that connects to a USB port. An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile
memory chips as solid state drives and does not require power to maintain the data. These
drives can be accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types of drives are
accessed.

TYPES OF DRIVE INTERFACES

Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive
to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same
as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:

• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an early
drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin
connector.
• SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface
uses a 7-pin data connector.
• SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin
connector.
V. EVALUATION
A. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answer in one (1) whole sheet of paper.

A B
_____1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the A. Registers
computer.
_____2. Early drive controller interface that connects computers B. Flash drive or
and hard disk drives which an interface that uses a 40- Thumb drive
pin connector.
_____3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being C. Read-only
accessed by the CPU. memory
_____4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the D. IDE
optical media.
_____5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks. E. Floppy drive
_____6. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. F. Random access
memory
_____7. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. G. Optical drive
_____8. Chips that are located on the motherboard. H. DDR
_____9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain I. Hard drive
specific data needed particularly the Arithmetic and
Logic Unit.
_____10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of J. Memory module
SDRAM.

B. Differentiate Dual Inline Package (DIP) and Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM). (10%)
VI. REFERENCE
Learning Module: Computer Hardware Servicing 8, pp.35-38.

MODULE #50

I. TOPIC: CARRY OUT MENSURATION AND CALCULATION

II. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this module, the students shall be able to:
1. perform calculation needed to complete work tasks using the four fundamentals operations (addition,
subtractions, multiplication and division); and
2. self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy.

III. INTRODUCTION
In the broadest sense, mensuration is all about the process of measurement. Mensuration is based on the
use of algebraic equations and geometric calculations to provide measurement data regarding, width, depth and
volume of a given object, but in this module, you will be tackling the measurement of computer capacity.
Watch the video in youtube from the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDr4RvzEIfI
IV. LESSON PROPER

DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital
binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents
the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret words and pictures; computers
interpret only patterns of bits.
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero
digit (0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two
states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary
representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the
American Standard Code for Information.

Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001

Special character: # = 00100011

Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte. Codes
can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video,
and music.

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
To convert a decimal number to binary, all you
25/2 12 1
have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the quotient
0
and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by
12/2 6
2, and get the quotient and remainder again. Do it
6/2 3 0
repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the
3/2 1 1
remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary
1/2 0 1
equivalent.
25 = 11001
Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25

CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital storage is the byte. A byte
is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity.
When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes
(GB), and terabytes (TB).
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more
than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The
exact number is gained by taking 2^n power.
In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the number of bits
needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-
resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or storage capacity
of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include: random access memory (RAM),
hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players.
 CDs have a data storage capacity of
approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage
capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer
disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc.
BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-
layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.

Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For
example:

A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file

If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a total of 51

files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

V. EVALUATION (Write your answer in one (1) whole sheet of paper)

A. Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform checking to verify answers. Show your
solution. (5% each)
1. 19
2. 28
3. 37
B. Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution. (10% each)
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?

VI. REFERENCE

Learning Modules: Computer Hardware Servicing 8, pp. 42-44.